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Unit 4 Never too old to learn
Grammar and usage（教學設計）
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. analyse complicated sentences;
2. understand the basic rules of simple, compound sentence, complex and compound-complex sentence;
3. practice application of complicated sentences.
II. Key competence focus
Analysis and practice of complicated sentences
III. Predicted area of difficulty
Analysis of complicated sentences.
IV. Teaching procedures
T greets the class.
T: Class begins, boys and girls! Good morning/afternoon!
Step 1 Revising the core words and phrases learnt last period.
Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the (given) words.
1. Our class ________ (compose) of 20 boys and 15 girls, most of whom are excellent at writing.
1. is composed
2. An ________ (educate) guess is a guess which is based on a certain amount of knowledge and is therefore likely to be correct.
2. educated
3. He’s too ________ (bind) up in his work to have much time for his children.
3. bound
4. We must find a way ________ (resolve) these problems before it’s too late.
4. to resolve
5. He walked on the opposite side of the street ________ (refresh) his memory of the building.
5. to refresh
6. Listening with an open mind to ________ (criticize) and accepting useful advice are the key to progress and improvement.
6. criticism
7. You are a very ________ (inquire) mind person and your paper will achieve very good scores.
7. inquiring
8. If installed, the instrument ________ (register) every change of direction or height.
8. will register
9. I’ve personally never subscribed ________ the view that either sex is superior to the other.
9. to
10. In the world of fashion it sometimes seems that the only constant is ________ (cease) change.
10. ceaseless
【設計意圖：上一節課核心詞匯較多，有必要復習一下這些內容。此處也可當作過關檢測，檢查學生對核心詞匯掌握情況。】
Step 2 Exploring the rules of complicated sentences AP48
T asks Ss to go through the text and pick out relevant sentences.
T: Open your books at page 48 and read through the text. And then write some simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences and compound-complex sentences.
Simple sentence 1, 2
Compound sentence 4,7
Complex sentence 3, 5, 6, 8,9
Compound-complex sentence 10
【設計意圖：通過分解課文中的簡單句、并列復句、主從復句和復合復句，讓學生為學習復雜句打好基礎。】
Step 3 Working out the rules of compound-complex sentences AP48
T asks Students to work out the rules of.
Working out the rules
A sentence in which both coordination and subordination occur is called a ________________ sentence.
Identifying linking words and determining the functions of clauses are helpful in analysing complicated sentences.
Answer: compound-complex
【設計意圖：結合第二步，與學生一起討論復合句的構成和形成。簡單句并列復句；主從復句復合復句，為一步學習復雜句打下基礎。】
Step 4 Watching the micro video: Complicated sentences
【設計意圖：前面已有兩課關于長句，選必3B6Unit 4關于從簡單到復合句的演變，選必4B7Unit 3L3關于名詞性從句引起的長句。本節課是對復雜的長句加以講解，學生對語法名詞可能不太熟悉，實際上對于語法名詞表達也不太統一，建議讓學生熟悉一下這些名詞：Simple sentence簡單句；Compound sentence并列復合句；Complex sentence主從復合句；Compound-complex sentence 復合復句；Complicated sentence復雜句（加入非謂語動詞）】
Step 5 Applying the rules
1. Rewrite the following sentences using correct linking words. B1P49
1) I was asked to write a 2,000-word essay. I decided to finish in two days. I would have time to read it before I handed it in.
____________________________________________________________
Answers:
1) When I was asked to write a 2,000-word essay, I decided to finish in two days so that I would have time to read it before I handed it in.
2) Patrick was a college student. He worked part-time in a company. He wanted to pay for his college education.
____________________________________________________________
2) When Patrick was a college student, he worked part-time in a company because he wanted to pay for his college education.
3) The vocational education system often combines classroom learning with training in the workplace. Most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their trade but also with work experience.
____________________________________________________________
3) The vocational education system often combines classroom learning with training in the workplace, as a result of which most students graduate not only with a clear understanding of their trade but also with work experience.
2. Ask students to fill in the blanks with correct linking words in B2P49.
Answers:
1) and 2) whether 3) where 4) that/which 5) but/and 6) and/so
3. B3P49 Get the students to do group work.
Directions: In groups of three, one student starts a story on the topic of learning with a simple sentence. The second student adds a clause to make a compound or complex sentence. The third student adds another clause to make a compound-complex sentence.
Sample answers:
A: I often visit the library.
B: Because I love reading, I often visit the library.
C: Because I love reading, I often visit the library, and I enjoy going to bookshops too.
A: One day, I met an old lady.
B: One day, when I went to a bookshop, I met an old lady.
C: One day, when I went to a bookshop, I met an old lady, and something unexpected happened.
A: I was reading a book.
B: I was reading a book that I found interesting.
C: I was reading a book that I found interesting, but this old lady asked to have a look at the book.
A: The book was interesting.
A: The book was so interesting.
B: The book was so interesting that I didn’t want to give it to her.
C: The book was so interesting that I didn’t want to give it to her, so I ignored her and continued my reading.
A: The old lady felt embarrassed.
B: The old lady, who felt embarrassed, left.
C: The old lady, who felt embarrassed, left, and I went on reading the book.
A: I finished the book.
B: The moment I finished the book, I quickly checked the title page for the author information.
C: The moment I finished the book, I quickly checked the title page for the author information, and I got a great shock.
A: The author was the old lady.
B: The author was the old lady I met just now.
C: The author was the old lady I met just now, but I missed a rare chance to talk with her.
V. Homework
1. Watch the micro video again: Complicated sentences. (Optional)
2. Combine the sentences using proper linking words at CP76 in the workbook. (Optional)
Answers:
1) Libraries create a quiet atmosphere where students are more able to concentrate on reading and studying.
2) After the students experience a gap year, they may have a broader view of life. As they have better personal resources to draw on, they tend to be more independent, which is an important factor in academic study and research.
3) We volunteer in our school or in our community to help people who can’t find their way or suffer from misfortune. Volunteering makes a difference to them.
4) Community service helps students gain real-life experiences, become better aware of the world around them and realize how they can make the community they live in a better place.
3. Translate the sentences into English at DP76 in the workbook. (Optional)
Answers:
1) Cease to struggle and you cease to live.
2) At present, many people are optimistic about the development prospects of this industry.
3) The reporter interviewed some middle school students about the career outlook at random.
4) It suddenly dawned on me that I had left my wallet at home.
5) Costs have increased significantly to the extent that we will have to close several shops.
6) A lot of assumptions made about the economic situation proved to be incorrect.
7) Reading competence is very important for lifelong learning.
8) The report was carefully polished before being published.

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