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Unit 2 Understanding each other
Grammar and usage（教學(xué)設(shè)計）
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
employ proper relative pronouns or adverbs to form relative clauses;
use relative clauses to give examples of taboos；
understand and respect cultural differences.
II. Key competence focus
1. Choose proper relative pronouns or adverbs for relative clauses.
2. Make sentences with relative clauses.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
1. Keep all the rules of relative clauses in mind.
2. Describe taboos with relative clauses correctly.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T asks students to tell the differences between American English and British English in pronunciation, vocabulary or spelling. If necessary, students are required to give more examples.
T: As we all know, there are some differences between American English and British English. Could you pronounce “跳舞”, translate “足球” and spell “顏色” in American and British ways.
S: Yes. In American English, we pronounce“跳舞” [d ns] while in British English, it is [dɑ ns]. In the USA, we say soccer while in Britain, we say football. In American English, we spell “color” while in British English, it is “colour”.
Y: Could you give more examples
S: Certainly. [p s] and [pɑ s] (pass), baggage and luggage, behavior and behaviour, etc.
T: Exactly. We have learnt some differences between American English and British English in pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling. In fact, there is a gap between the UK and the USA in communication styles. What is it Let’s read a personal account by a Chinese student who studied in the UK and the USA.
【設(shè)計意圖：舉例說明英式英語和美式英語在發(fā)音、詞匯、拼寫方面的不同，引出話題——英美兩國在交流方式上也存在差異，為下一步的閱讀做鋪墊?！?br/>Step 2 Exploring the rules
T asks students to read a personal account by a Chinese student and find the sentences with relative clauses.
T: The Chinese student describes the different communication styles and give several examples in the following account. Let’s read it. Please find the sentences with relative clauses and fill in the table on Page 20. The first one has been done for you.
Sample answers:
Restrictive relative clauses ... two countries that are separated by a common language. There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please ” …
Non- restrictive relative clauses I spent one term in the UK, where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. … a common opinion is “It’s not bad”, which usually translates as “It’s awful”. Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a direct style …
【設(shè)計意圖: 學(xué)生通過閱讀一篇由中國留學(xué)生描述英美兩國不同交流方式的文章，在語境中接觸、識別、歸納兩種類型的定語從句。】
Step 3 Working out the rules
1.Get students to observe the sentences above and draw the following conclusion:
A restrictive relative clause is used to modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase and gives (1) necessary (necessary/additional) information about it. For the clause, there is no comma before it.
A non-restrictive relative clause gives (2) additional (necessary/additional) information about a noun, pronoun or noun phrase in the sentence, or the main clause. We cannot use (3) that (that/which) to introduce it.
2.Get students to complete the following sentences according to the given Chinese.
1) Mike is one of those who love nature （熱愛自然的）.
2) Can you think of a situation where this word can be used（這個詞能用的）
3) I like the way (in which/that) you smile（你笑的）.
4) I have a good friend whose mother is a nurse（他的母親是個護(hù)士）.
5) They fixed a date when/on which they would meet again（他們將再次見面的）.
6) I will visit the museum where/in which new robots are exhibited（新機(jī)器人在展出的）.
7) Can you tell me the reason why/for which you were late for school yesterday（你昨天上學(xué)遲到的）
8) This is my favorite song, which I first heard ten years ago（我十年前第一次聽這首歌）.
9) Let’s put off our appointment until next Monday, when we are both available（那時我們都有空）.
10) Jenny said she could finish the project within two weeks, which I doubt very much（對此我很懷疑）.
11) Betty spent one year in Beijing, during which time she picked up some Chinese（在那段時間她學(xué)了些中文）.
12) As anybody can see（正如大家所見）, Nanjing is a beautiful city.
【設(shè)計意圖: 先讓學(xué)生觀察語篇中的定語從句，總結(jié)其類型，再用翻譯句子的形式考查學(xué)生對關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用，熟記規(guī)則，為后面的寫作任務(wù)打下基礎(chǔ)。】
Step 4 Applying the rules
T asks students to finish B1 on Page 21 of the textbook.
T：We have learned some different communication styles in the UK and the USA. Actually, culture varies from country to country. Here are some examples. Please fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + relative pronoun” structures.
Keys:
1) where
2) which
3) of which
4) where / in which
5) who
T asks students to finish B2 on Page 21 of the textbook.
T: While staying in another country, we are supposed to respect its custom and culture. More importantly, we should pay attention to the things we are not allowed to do or talk about, which are called taboos. There are many different taboos around the world. Let’s read a passage about plete it with the correct relative clauses in the box below. There are two clauses you do NOT need to use. Write the letters in the blanks.
Keys: 1) a 2) e 3) d 4) f 5) b
3.T asks students to use relative clauses to give examples of taboos.
T: From Part B2, we have learnt some taboos. What other taboos do you know about
S: In China, people usually avoid the number 4, because it means to die.
T: Yes. In China, people usually avoid the number 4, because its pronunciation is similar to that of a Chinese word which means “to die”. (Teacher writes the sentence on the blackboard and underline the relative clause.)
S: In India, it is rude to shake hands or give someone something with the left hand.
T: Aunt Mary, who lives in India, told me that shaking hands or giving someone something with the left hand is a taboo there. (Teacher also writes the sentence on the blackboard and underline the relative clause.)
T: Please give more examples using relative clauses. The examples above may help you.
Sample answers:
1.In Japan, bathroom slippers, which are considered dirty, should always remain in the bathroom only and not be worn in any other room of the house.
2.In Vietnam, people who touch someone’s head or shoulders or pass items over someone’s head are probably not familiar with Vietnamese customs.
3.In Brazil where purple is usually worn to a funeral or to mourn the loss of a loved one, most people avoid wearing purple because it is believed to be disrespectful and unlucky.
【設(shè)計意圖：這個步驟是語法知識在句子層面、語篇層面和新語境中的運用。語法教學(xué)的最終目的是為運用，層層深入的活動設(shè)計體現(xiàn)“學(xué)習(xí)理解－應(yīng)用實踐－遷移創(chuàng)新”英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀。】
V. Homework
Polish your sentences after class and exchange your sentences with other classmates.

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