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語外研版(2019)必修第二冊Unit 1 Food for thought 知識點清單素材

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語外研版(2019)必修第二冊Unit 1 Food for thought 知識點清單素材

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外研版必修二UNIT 1知識點
一、重點詞匯擴充
1. dare /de (r)/ v. 敢于;膽敢;激(某人做某事)
(1)用于帶to和不帶to的不定式之前:He didn't dare (to) say what he thought.
(2)作情態(tài)動詞:They daren't ask for any more money.
(3)dare sb to do sth 激某人做某事
Some of the older boys dared him to steal a bottle of his father’s whiskey.
daring / de r / adj.勇敢的;敢于冒險的(近義詞brave)(辨析darling n.親愛的;寶貝)
2. marriage / m r d / n.婚姻→marry v.(和某人)結(jié)婚→married adj. 已婚的
a happy marriage 幸福的婚姻 marry sb 與某人結(jié)婚
be married to [強調(diào)狀態(tài)] 與...結(jié)婚 get married to [強調(diào)動作] 與...結(jié)婚
sort /s t/ n.種,類;(近義詞kind,type)v.整理;把…分類
There are all sorts of activities for kids at the campsite.
He sorted the materials into their folders.
all sorts of=all kinds of 各種各樣 sort of=kind of 有點兒;有幾分
typical / ri d n/ adj.典型的,有代表性的→typically adv. 通常地 一般地;典型地
It is typical of sb to do sth. 某人一向是…
It was typical of her to forget.
It is typical that +從句 … 一貫如此
suffer / s f (r)/ v. (身體或精神上)受苦→suffering / s f r / n.苦難;痛苦;
[常用復(fù)數(shù)sufferings]苦難 折磨 讓人痛苦的事→sufferer / s f r (r)/ n. 患難者;患病者
suffering from a shortage of skilled staff 缺少熟練工
suffer (from) a heart attack 患心臟病 suffer (from) loss 遭受損失
horrible / h r bl/ adj.糟糕的(近義詞terrible)→horribly / h r bli/adv.可怕地;非常地
→horror / h r (r)/ n.畏懼;憎惡;震驚,令人驚恐的事
to one’s horror 讓某人大為驚恐的 in/with horror 驚恐;震驚
gather / ɡ (r)/ v.聚集→gathering / ɡ r / n.聚集;聚會
The whole family gathered together for a family gathering.
poison / p zn/ n.毒素,毒物,毒藥v.毒害,下毒→poisonous / p z n s/ adj.有毒的
Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.
Someone had been poisoning his food.
symbol / s mbl/ n.象征;標(biāo)志→symbolic /s m b l k/ adj.象征性的
a symbol of ... ……的標(biāo)志/象征 a symbol for ... ……的符號
Fe is the chemical symbol for iron.
辨析:symbol, sign, signal, mark
1)symbol 象征2)sign 跡象 征兆3)signal 信號4)mark 標(biāo)記
function / f k n/ n.(事物的)功能;作用v.起作用;運轉(zhuǎn);發(fā)揮功能
→functional / f k nl/ adj.實用的;功能的
function as 起…作用;具有…功能
related /r le t d/ adj.有關(guān)系的,相關(guān)的→relate /r le t/ v.與......有聯(lián)系,相關(guān)聯(lián)(+to)
→relation /r le n/ n.關(guān)系→relationship /r le n p/ n.關(guān)系
→relative / rel t v/ n.親戚 adj.相對的→relatively / rel t vli/ adv.相對地
1)be related to 與……有關(guān)
2)a stress-related illness 和壓力相關(guān)的疾病
3)relate A to B 把A 與B 聯(lián)系起來
4)in relation to 關(guān)于,與……相比較
5)relatively speaking 相對來說
12. diet / da t/ n.日常飲食 v.節(jié)食
a healthy diet健康飲食 a balanced diet 均衡的飲食 go on a diet /be on a diet 節(jié)食
addict / d kt/ n.對…著迷的人 →addicted / d kt d/ adj.入迷的;上癮的
→addiction / d k n/n.上癮,沉溺 →addictive / d kt v/ adj.(藥物等)使人上癮的
be/become/get addicted to ... 沉迷于……;熱愛……,迷上……
注意:addicted, addiction常與介詞to連用,后跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。
a video game addict游戲機迷 basketball addiction 沉迷籃球
a drug addict 癮君子 drug addition 毒癮
be addicted to (doing) sth.對…上癮 addict oneself to 沉溺于… 醉心于…
14.tip /t p/ n.指點;建議;尖端;小費 v.傾斜,給小費
give us a few tips給我們一些建議 learning tips on grammar 語法學(xué)習(xí)建議
take one’s tip 聽從某人的提示 leave a tip 留小費 a 15% tip 15%的小費
the tips of your fingers你的手指尖
The boat tipped to one side.船向一邊傾斜。
15.differ v.不同,不一樣,有區(qū)別; 意見相左→different adj.不同的;相異的→difference n.不同;區(qū)別
differ with sb 與某人意見不同 be different from 與…不一樣 be different in 在...方面不一樣
tell the difference between ...and ...  區(qū)分……與……
make a difference  有影響,起作用
slightly / sla tli/ adv.略微,稍微→slight /sla t/ adj.輕微的,少量的
a slight chance 機會渺小 not in the slightest 一點兒也不 絲毫不
17. incredibly / n kred bli/ adv.極端地,非常地;令人難以置信地
→incredible / n kred bl/ adj.難以置信的;極好的;極大的
It’s incredible that... … 真不可思議
18. bitter / b t (r)/ adj.苦的;有苦味的→bitterly / b t li/ adv.痛苦地,憤恨地
bitter sweet
creamy / kri mi/ adj.似奶油的,軟厚平滑的→cream /kri m/ n.奶油;乳脂;霜
attack / t k/ v./n.攻擊;侵襲,侵蝕;抨擊;(疾病等)襲擊 發(fā)作
under attack受襲 an air attack 空襲 a heart attack 心臟病
recommend / rek mend/ v.推薦 →recommendation / rek men de n/ n.推薦,建議;介紹信
recommend sth to sb  向某人推薦某物
recommend sb to do sth  建議某人做某事
recommend doing sth  建議做某事
a letter of recommendation 推薦信
recommend that ...(should)do ...建議…(應(yīng)該)做…
recommend sb as  推薦某人為……
belong /b l / v. 屬于→belonging n. 歸屬→belongings /b l z/ n.所有物,財物
belong to 屬于※不用于進行時,不用于被動語態(tài)
a sense of belonging 歸屬感 personal belongings 個人財物
The house had belonged to her family for three or four generations.
construction /k n'str k n/ n.建造,建筑→ construct /k n'str kt/ v.建造,建筑
→reconstruct / ri: k n'str kt/ v.重建,再建
under construction 在建造當(dāng)中
satisfying / s t sfa / adj.令人高興的,令人滿意的(同義詞satisfactory / s t s f kt ri/)
→satisfy / s t sfa / v.使?jié)M意,使?jié)M足→satisfied / s t sfa d/ adj.感到滿意的→satisfaction n.滿意
be satisfied with 對…滿意 be satisfied to do 對做…很滿意
satisfy one’s needs 滿足某人的需要 a sense of satisfaction 滿足感 with satisfaction 滿意地
Nothing satisfies him—he's always complaining.
She's never satisfied with what she's got.
convenient /k n vi ni nt/ adj.方便的,便利的→conveniently adv.方便地,便利地
→convenience n.便利,方便→inconvenient adj.不方便的 →inconvenience n. 不方便
It is convenient for to do sth
for the convenience of sb 為了方便某人 at your convenience 在你方便地時候
identify /a dent fa / v.確定,發(fā)現(xiàn)→ identification /a dent f ke n/ n.鑒定,識別→identity n. 身份
identify ...as 認出…是 identity card 身份證
originally / r d n li/ adv.原先,最初→original / r d nl/ adj.原先的,最初的 n.原件;原作
→origin / r d n/ n.起源;出身,血統(tǒng)→originate v. 源于
This painting is a copy; the original is in China.
By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book "The Origin of Species".
official / f l/ n.官員,高級職員 adj.公務(wù)的;公事的; 官方的→office / f s/ n.辦公室
→officer / f s (r)/ n.軍官;官員
He made an official visit to Tokyo in March.
The country's official language is Spanish.
bite /ba t/ v./n. 咬 ( 過去式/過去分詞bit/b t/ bitten/ b tn/ )
A Bite of China 《舌尖上的中國》 take a bite (of the apple) 咬一口(蘋果)
She was bitten by the family dog.
辨析:bit /b t/ n. 小部分 a bit=a little 一點兒 bit by bit=little by little 一點一點地;逐漸地
resist /r z st/ v.抗拒;忍住,按捺→resistant adj. 對……有抵抗力的,抵制的
→resistance /r z st ns/ n.抵制;反對;抗拒
resist doing 忍住做某事 couldn't resist (doing) sth 忍不住(做)某事
resist the temptation 抵制誘惑
adapt / d pt/v.(使)適應(yīng),(使)適合;改編;改寫
(1)adapt to 適應(yīng)
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
(3)adapt ... from... 根據(jù)...改編;改編自
This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
(3)adaptation / d p te n/ n.適應(yīng),適合;改編本
(4)adaptable / d pt bl/ adj.能適應(yīng)的
31. butcher n. 屠夫 肉販
go to the butcher’s 去肉店
32. wedding n. 婚禮
arrange/attend /have a wedding 籌備/參加/舉行婚禮
33. custom n. 風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣 →customer n. 顧客 →customs n. 海關(guān)
辨析:custom , habit
1)habit 通常指一個人長時間養(yǎng)成的“習(xí)慣”,一旦養(yǎng)成,人便會自然而然地去做
2)custom 指一個民族或一個社會在發(fā)展過程中長期沿襲下來的禮節(jié)、風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣
3)custom 有時可以表示個人習(xí)慣,側(cè)重指有規(guī)律的行為,此時也可用habit
34. manners n. 禮貌 禮儀--manner n. 方式 方法
1)table manners 餐桌禮儀
2)in a ...manner 用…的方式
3)It’s good /bad manners to do sth. 做…是有/沒有禮貌的
二、短語搭配
1. take to (doing)開始喜歡上(做)某事
take up 1)拿起 2)占據(jù) (時間、空間)3)從事 4)繼續(xù)(講/做)
take off 1)脫下 2)起飛 3)成功 4)休假
take on 1)呈現(xiàn) 2)雇傭 3)承擔(dān)
take apart 拆開 拆卸
take over 接管 接任
take down 1)拆除 2)寫下 記下
take in 1)吸收 2)理解 3)收留 4)欺騙5)(衣服)改小
2. come across 1)偶然遇見 2)給人以印象 3)被理解
come about 發(fā)生
come out 1)出來 2)出版 3)顯現(xiàn) 結(jié)果是
come up 1)上升 (日月升起)2)發(fā)芽 3)走近 靠近 4)被提出 5)發(fā)生 即將到來
come up with 提出 想出
3. remind ...of 使…想起…→remind v. ①提醒 ②使…想起→reminder n. ①提醒 ②提醒的人或事物
remind sb to do sth 提醒…做…
動詞后雙賓語用of連接的類似結(jié)構(gòu)
warn 警告某人某物
inform 通知某人某物
convince 使某人相信某事
cure 治愈某人的…病
rob 搶某人某物
rid 使某人擺脫某物
accuse 指控某人犯……罪
suspect 懷疑某人某事
4. opinion n. 看法 主張 觀點
1)in one’s opinion/view 在某人看來
2)have/hold an opinion 持有某個觀點
3)one’s opinion of /about /on ...某人對…的看法
4)ask for /seek one’s opinion 征詢某人的意見
5)have a good /bad/high/low opinion of ... 對……評價好/差/高/低
in one’s opinion 的同義表達
in one’s view
from one’s point of view
personally speaking
as far as sb be concerned
according to sb
6. trick n. ①技巧 訣竅②詭計 惡作劇 v. 欺騙--tricky adj. 棘手的 難對付的
1)play a trick /tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
2)the trick of doing sth. 做某事的訣竅
3)do the trick 奏效 起作用 達到目的
4)trick or treat 不送禮物就搗蛋 (萬圣節(jié)前夕孩子們挨家要禮物的話)
5)trick sb into doing 欺騙某人做某事
7. handle n. 把手 v. ①用手觸 碰②駕馭 操縱 ③處理 應(yīng)付
1)handle stress 調(diào)節(jié)壓力 2)handle the crisis 處理危機 3)handle sth well /poorly 某事處理的好/不好
8. within prep. 在…之內(nèi)
1)within one’s reach 在某人能夠得到的范圍內(nèi) 2)within walking distance 在步行距離內(nèi)
辨析:within, inside
1)within 表示時間、空間,表示空間時,不表示具體位置,而是范圍
2)inside只表示空間,表示具體的位置
9. end up
end up doing 最終做了某事 以做…結(jié)束
end up with 以…結(jié)束(接具體的事物的名詞)
end up in 以…結(jié)束(接抽象概念的名詞和地點名詞)
end up as 最終成為…(接職位或身份的名詞)
end up +adj. 以…狀況而告終
end in 以…結(jié)束/告終 (多指不好的結(jié)局)
辨析:end up, end in
1)end in 多指不好的結(jié)局 end in jail / end in failure 等
2)end up 好的結(jié)局或不好的結(jié)局均可
bring sth to an end 使某事結(jié)束
put/bring an end to sth 結(jié)束某事
come to an end 結(jié)束
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
by the end of 在……末為止
in the end 最后 終于
on end 連續(xù)地
10. catch up 1)catch up on 打聽…2)catch up with 追上 趕上
11. pick up 1)拾起 撿起 2)跌倒后爬起 3)開車 接人取物 4)偶然習(xí)得 偶然學(xué)會
5)接受信號 6)加速 7)順路購買(便宜貨)

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