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2024年秋期人教版九英閱讀素材 用英語(yǔ)講中國(guó)文化 絲綢和陶瓷
用英語(yǔ)講中國(guó)文化【一】——絲綢（Silk）
Silk:The Oriental Splendor Through Millennia絲綢：穿越千年的東方華彩
In the ancient Orient, there was a kind of fabric that was as soft as moonlight and as gorgeous as rosy clouds. It was silk. Emerging from the depths of history, silk has carried the profoundness and elegance of Chinese civilization and shone brightly throughout the long river of time.在古老的東方，有一種織物，它如月光般輕柔，似云霞般絢爛，這便是絲綢。從歷史的深處走來(lái)，絲綢承載著華夏文明的厚重與優(yōu)雅，在歲月長(zhǎng)河中熠熠生輝。
The origin of silk is like a mysterious and touching legend. It is said that Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, accidentally discovered that silkworms spun silk to form cocoons, thus opening the prelude to sericulture and silk reeling. Since then, the silk-making craft has taken root and flourished in the land of China and gradually become a treasure of Chinese culture. In ancient times, silk was an extremely precious item. It was often presented as a tribute to the imperial family or given as a diplomatic gift to other countries. Its delicate texture and exquisite patterns fascinated countless people.絲綢的起源，宛如一則神秘而動(dòng)人的傳說(shuō)。相傳黃帝之妻嫘祖，偶然間發(fā)現(xiàn)蠶吐絲結(jié)繭，從而開(kāi)啟了養(yǎng)蠶繅絲的先河。此后，絲綢工藝在中華大地生根發(fā)芽，逐漸成為中國(guó)文化的瑰寶。在古代，絲綢是極為珍貴的物品，常被作為貢品進(jìn)獻(xiàn)給皇室，或作為外交禮品贈(zèng)予他國(guó)。那細(xì)膩的質(zhì)感、精美的圖案，令無(wú)數(shù)人為之傾倒。
Along the Silk Road, the great artery for exchanges between the East and the West, silk, like a lively envoy, spread Chinese culture and technology to the rest of the world. Starting from Chang'an, it traversed Central Asia, West Asia and reached Europe. In Rome, the appearance of silk once triggered a fashion frenzy. The nobles competed to wear silk clothing to show their status and taste. The silk that was as thin as a cicada's wings and as light as floating clouds made the Western world truly feel the charm and mystery of Oriental civilization for the first time. The silk trade not only promoted economic prosperity but also drove the integration and dissemination of cultures. The skills and artistic styles of various countries collided and merged on silk, giving birth to colorful cultural flowers.沿著絲綢之路，這一東西方交流的大動(dòng)脈，絲綢如靈動(dòng)的使者，將中國(guó)的文化與科技傳向世界。從長(zhǎng)安出發(fā)，穿越中亞、西亞，抵達(dá)歐洲。在羅馬，絲綢的出現(xiàn)曾引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)時(shí)尚的狂歡，貴族們競(jìng)相身著絲綢服飾，以彰顯身份與品味。那薄如蟬翼、輕若浮云的絲綢，讓西方世界第一次真切感受到了東方文明的魅力與神秘。絲綢的貿(mào)易，不僅促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮，更推動(dòng)了文化的交融與傳播。各國(guó)的技藝、藝術(shù)風(fēng)格在絲綢上相互碰撞、融合，綻放出絢麗多彩的文化之花。
The silk-making process is truly an exquisite art. It starts with sericulture. Every silkworm is carefully taken care of until they spin silk to form cocoons. Then comes silk reeling, in which the silk is drawn out from the cocoons. After going through multiple complicated procedures, bright and white silk threads can be obtained. Next is weaving. Under the interweaving of the looms, the silk threads are like lively musical notes, jumping out with beautiful patterns and textures. The dyeing process endows silk with rich colors and vitality. Traditional dyeing techniques, such as tie-dyeing and batik, can create unique and ever-changing color effects. Each process is filled with the painstaking efforts and wisdom of craftsmen and represents the adherence to and inheritance of traditional skills.絲綢的制作工藝，堪稱(chēng)一門(mén)精妙絕倫的藝術(shù)。從養(yǎng)蠶開(kāi)始，精心呵護(hù)每一只蠶寶寶，直至它們吐絲結(jié)繭。而后是繅絲，將蠶繭中的絲抽出，經(jīng)過(guò)多道復(fù)雜工序，方能得到潔白光亮的絲線。接著是紡織，在織機(jī)的交織下，絲線如靈動(dòng)的音符，跳躍出精美的圖案與紋理。染色環(huán)節(jié)更是賦予了絲綢豐富的色彩與生命力，傳統(tǒng)的染色技藝，如扎染、蠟染，能創(chuàng)造出獨(dú)一無(wú)二、變幻無(wú)窮的色彩效果。每一道工序，都飽含著手工藝人的心血與智慧，是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)技藝的堅(jiān)守與傳承。
In terms of cultural connotations, silk has long surpassed the category of a fabric. It is a symbol of beauty and auspiciousness. In traditional Chinese weddings, brides often wear red silk cheongsams or dresses, symbolizing joy and happiness. Silk is also often used to make mounting materials for calligraphy and paintings, adding an air of elegance and solemnity to those precious artworks. In ancient poems and odes, silk also appears frequently. "Those who are dressed in silk all over are not the silkworm raisers" tells the class differences in ancient society and the hardships of the working people. "The silkworm will only end its silk when it dies, and the candle will only stop its tears when it burns to ashes" uses the silk-producing material - silk worm silk - to express the unwavering loyalty and endless longing in love.在文化內(nèi)涵上，絲綢早已超越了一種織物的范疇，它是美好與吉祥的象征。在傳統(tǒng)的中式婚禮上，新娘常常身著紅色的絲綢旗袍或禮服，寓意著喜慶與幸福。絲綢還常被用于制作書(shū)畫(huà)裝裱材料，為那些珍貴的墨寶增添了一份高雅與莊重。詩(shī)詞歌賦中，絲綢也頻繁出現(xiàn)，“遍身羅綺者，不是養(yǎng)蠶人” 訴說(shuō)著古代社會(huì)的階層差異與勞動(dòng)者的艱辛；“春蠶到死絲方盡，蠟炬成灰淚始干” 則以絲綢的原料 —— 蠶絲，表達(dá)了對(duì)愛(ài)情的忠貞不渝與無(wú)盡思念。
Nowadays, silk still exudes its unique charm on the modern fashion stage. Internationally renowned designers have incorporated silk elements into their design works one after another. Whether it's an elegant flowing silk dress or a delicate silk tie, they not only show fashion and individuality but also pay tribute to the ancient Chinese culture. Chinese silk brands are also constantly innovating and developing, combining traditional crafts with modern technologies and launching a series of high-quality and creative silk products, allowing silk to enter more people's lives.如今，絲綢在現(xiàn)代時(shí)尚舞臺(tái)上依然散發(fā)著獨(dú)特的魅力。國(guó)際知名設(shè)計(jì)師們紛紛將絲綢元素融入設(shè)計(jì)作品中，或是一襲飄逸的絲綢長(zhǎng)裙，或是一條精致的絲綢領(lǐng)帶，在展現(xiàn)時(shí)尚與個(gè)性的同時(shí)，也向古老的中國(guó)文化致敬。中國(guó)的絲綢品牌也在不斷創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展，將傳統(tǒng)工藝與現(xiàn)代科技相結(jié)合，推出了一系列高品質(zhì)、富有創(chuàng)意的絲綢產(chǎn)品，讓絲綢走進(jìn)了更多人的生活。
Silk, this Oriental splendor that has traversed millennia, has witnessed the vicissitudes of history, carried rich cultural connotations, and continues to write its own legendary chapter in the new era. Let's appreciate the beauty of silk together and feel the broad and profound and infinite charm of Chinese culture.絲綢，這一穿越千年的東方華彩，它見(jiàn)證了歷史的滄桑變遷，承載了豐富的文化內(nèi)涵，在新時(shí)代里，繼續(xù)書(shū)寫(xiě)著屬于它的傳奇篇章。讓我們一同領(lǐng)略絲綢之美，感受中國(guó)文化的博大精深與無(wú)窮魅力。
用英語(yǔ)講中國(guó)文化【二】——The Charm of Chinese Ceramics:
Cultural Codes in Pottery and Porcelain
陶韻瓷魂：中國(guó)陶瓷里的文化密碼
In English, the word "China" means both the country of China and ceramics. This wonderful coincidence is like an invisible thread that tightly connects China with ceramics, telling the unique position of Chinese ceramics on the world stage.在英文中，“China” 有中國(guó)之意，“china” 有陶瓷之意，這奇妙的巧合，恰如一條無(wú)形的絲線，將中國(guó)與陶瓷緊緊相連，訴說(shuō)著中國(guó)陶瓷在世界舞臺(tái)上的獨(dú)特地位。
Ceramics has a long and storied history in China. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors began to make pottery. Those simple clay materials were given shape and life in their hands. They were used as utensils for storing grain or cooking food. Although simple, they were practical and met the living needs of people at that time. With the passage of time, pottery-making techniques continued to develop. By the Shang Dynasty, primitive porcelain began to appear, which was an important milestone in the history of ceramics and laid the foundation for the exquisiteness and splendor of porcelain in later times.
陶瓷，在中國(guó)有著源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的歷史。早在新石器時(shí)代，我們的祖先就已開(kāi)始制作陶器。那些質(zhì)樸的陶土，在他們手中被賦予了形狀與生命，或?yàn)閮?chǔ)存糧食的器具，或?yàn)榕腼兠朗车钠髅螅m簡(jiǎn)單卻實(shí)用，滿(mǎn)足了當(dāng)時(shí)人們的生活所需。隨著時(shí)間的推移，制陶技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，到了商代，原始瓷器開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)，這是陶瓷史上的一個(gè)重要里程碑，為后來(lái)瓷器的精美與輝煌奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
The periods when Chinese ceramics truly became famous all over the world and reached the peak of their glory were the Tang and Song Dynasties. Tang Dynasty ceramics were magnificent and colorful. Tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty was an outstanding representative of this period. The three colors of yellow, green, and white blended with each other, creating exquisite patterns and shapes on pottery figurines and pottery vessels, such as galloping horses, majestic camels, and graceful ladies. These Tri-colored glazed pottery works were not only popular in China but also sold overseas along the ancient Silk Road, allowing the world to have the first taste of the charm of Chinese ceramics.而中國(guó)陶瓷真正聞名遐邇、走向世界巔峰的時(shí)期當(dāng)屬唐宋。唐代的陶瓷大氣磅礴、色彩絢麗。唐三彩便是這一時(shí)期的杰出代表，黃、綠、白三色相互交融，在陶俑、陶器上繪制出精美的圖案與造型，有奔騰的駿馬、威風(fēng)的駱駝、端莊的仕女等。這些唐三彩作品不僅在國(guó)內(nèi)備受喜愛(ài)，還沿著古老的絲綢之路遠(yuǎn)銷(xiāo)海外，讓世界初識(shí)了中國(guó)陶瓷的魅力。
The Song Dynasty pushed the production of porcelain to the ultimate aesthetic level and formed the five famous kilns, namely Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln, Jun Kiln, and Ding Kiln. Porcelain from Ru Kiln had a glaze color as warm and smooth as jade. The celeste glaze was like the most serene and deep sky in nature captured on porcelain. As the saying goes, "The color should be like the sky after rain when the clouds break." Its elegance and nobility were truly captivating. Porcelain from Guan Kiln was fired specifically for the imperial court. With its exquisite craftsmanship and superior quality, it fully demonstrated the majesty and luxury of the royal family. The unique "crackle" texture of porcelain from Ge Kiln was as natural and wonderful as ice cracks. Each crack seemed to be the mark left by time, telling stories of history. The kiln-transformed colors of porcelain from Jun Kiln were truly remarkable. The alternating purple and red were as gorgeous as the sunset glow and like the magnificent scenery of mountains and rivers presented on porcelain, unpredictable and wonderful. Porcelain from Ding Kiln was famous for its white and delicate body and beautiful printed decorations. The simple and smooth patterns, whether of flowers or animals, bloomed with a unique charm on the white porcelain.宋代則將瓷器的制作推向了極致的美學(xué)境界，形成了 “汝、官、哥、鈞、定” 五大名窯。汝窯瓷器，其釉色溫潤(rùn)如玉，天青色的釉面仿佛是大自然最寧?kù)o深邃的天空被捕捉到了瓷器之上，正所謂 “雨過(guò)天青云破處，這般顏色做將來(lái)”，那種淡雅與高貴，讓人為之傾倒。官窯瓷器，專(zhuān)為宮廷燒制，工藝精湛，品質(zhì)上乘，盡顯皇家威嚴(yán)與奢華。哥窯瓷器的獨(dú)特 “開(kāi)片” 紋理，如冰裂般自然而美妙，每一道裂紋都像是歲月留下的痕跡，訴說(shuō)著歷史的故事。鈞窯瓷器的窯變色彩堪稱(chēng)一絕，紫紅相間，猶如晚霞般絢爛，又似山川大地的壯麗景色在瓷器上的呈現(xiàn)，變幻莫測(cè)，奇妙無(wú)窮。定窯瓷器則以其潔白細(xì)膩的胎質(zhì)和精美的印花裝飾而聞名，那簡(jiǎn)潔流暢的花紋，或花卉，或動(dòng)物，在白色的瓷器上綻放出別樣的光彩。
The reason why Chinese ceramics have had such a profound impact worldwide lies not only in their exquisite craftsmanship but also in their rich cultural connotations. From the perspective of the shapes of ceramics, many of them carry auspicious and beautiful meanings. For example, the common "plum vase" has an elegant and slender shape. It got its name because only plum branches could be inserted into its small mouth. Plum blossoms are symbols of tenacity and nobility in the eyes of the Chinese people, so the plum vase also implies noble character and indomitable spirit. Another example is the "gourd-shaped vase." Since the Chinese pronunciation of "gourd" is similar to that of "happiness and wealth," it symbolizes happiness, wealth, and longevity. Such a technique of implying meanings through objects is common in the design of Chinese ceramics, reflecting the Chinese people's longing for and pursuit of a better life.中國(guó)陶瓷之所以能在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生如此深遠(yuǎn)的影響，不僅在于其精湛的工藝，更在于其豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。從陶瓷的造型來(lái)看，許多都蘊(yùn)含著吉祥美好的寓意。比如常見(jiàn)的 “梅瓶”，其造型優(yōu)雅修長(zhǎng)，因口小只能插梅枝而得名，梅花在中國(guó)人眼中是堅(jiān)韌、高潔的象征，所以梅瓶也寓意著品格高尚、不屈不撓。又如 “葫蘆瓶”，因葫蘆與 “福祿” 諧音，象征著幸福、財(cái)富與長(zhǎng)壽，這種借物寓意的手法在中國(guó)陶瓷設(shè)計(jì)中比比皆是，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人對(duì)美好生活的向往與追求。
In terms of the decorative patterns on ceramics, they carry a large number of elements of traditional Chinese culture. Patterns of dragons and phoenixes are symbols of imperial power and nobility and often appear on imperial court porcelain or high-grade gift porcelain. Dragons can soar in the sky, travel underground, and command the wind and rain, symbolizing authority and strength. Phoenixes are beautiful, noble, and auspicious, representing happiness and beauty. The pattern of "Three Friends of Winter" (pine, bamboo, and plum) reflects the noble character and tenacious spirit advocated by literati. Pines are evergreen throughout the year and are not afraid of the cold. Bamboos are hollow with joints, showing modesty. Plum blossoms stand proud in the snow with a delicate fragrance. These patterns decorate ceramics, not only beautifying the utensils but also spreading Chinese values and cultural spirit.在陶瓷的裝飾圖案上，更是承載了大量的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化元素。龍鳳圖案是皇權(quán)與尊貴的象征，常常出現(xiàn)在宮廷瓷器或高級(jí)禮品瓷上。龍，能上天入地、呼風(fēng)喚雨，象征著權(quán)威與力量；鳳，美麗高貴、吉祥如意，代表著幸福與美好。松竹梅 “歲寒三友” 圖案，則體現(xiàn)了文人雅士所推崇的高潔品格與堅(jiān)韌精神。松，四季常青，不畏嚴(yán)寒；竹，中空有節(jié)，虛懷若谷；梅，傲雪凌霜，暗香疏影。這些圖案裝飾在陶瓷上，不僅美化了器物，更傳播了中國(guó)的價(jià)值觀與文化精神。
In international cultural exchanges, Chinese ceramics play an important role as envoys. In ancient times, they traveled to countries all over the world along the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road. In Europe, Chinese porcelain once triggered a collection craze among the aristocratic class. It was regarded as a precious work of art and even became a symbol of measuring wealth and status. Royal families and nobles from various countries competed to collect Chinese porcelain and displayed it in palaces and castles, making it an important item for showing luxury and taste. Many Western artists also drew inspiration from Chinese ceramics and incorporated elements of Chinese ceramics into their artistic creations such as painting and sculpture, promoting the mutual integration and reference of Eastern and Western cultures.在國(guó)際文化交流中，中國(guó)陶瓷扮演著重要的使者角色。在古代，它沿著絲綢之路、海上貿(mào)易之路走向世界各國(guó)。在歐洲，中國(guó)瓷器曾一度引發(fā)了貴族階層的收藏?zé)岢保灰暈檎滟F的藝術(shù)品，甚至成為衡量財(cái)富與地位的象征。各國(guó)的王室、貴族們競(jìng)相收藏中國(guó)瓷器，將其陳列在宮殿、城堡之中，成為展示奢華與品味的重要物品。許多西方藝術(shù)家也從中國(guó)陶瓷中汲取靈感，將中國(guó)陶瓷的元素融入到他們的繪畫(huà)、雕塑等藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中，促進(jìn)了東西方文化的相互交融與借鑒。
However, under the impact of the modern industrialization wave, traditional ceramic techniques face many challenges. Although mechanized production has increased output, some traditional handicraft techniques for making porcelain are in danger of being lost. Some ancient kilns have gradually declined due to changes in market demand and increased production costs. Fortunately, in recent years, with the enhancement of people's awareness of attaching importance to and protecting traditional culture, Chinese ceramics have also ushered in new development opportunities. Many ceramic artists, on the basis of inheriting traditional techniques, have continuously innovated, combining modern design concepts with ancient techniques to create ceramic works that have both traditional charm and meet the aesthetic needs of modern times. Some local governments have also increased their support for the traditional ceramic industry by holding ceramic culture festivals and establishing ceramic museums to promote the inheritance and development of ceramic culture.然而，在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化浪潮的沖擊下，傳統(tǒng)陶瓷技藝面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)雖然提高了產(chǎn)量，但一些傳統(tǒng)手工制瓷工藝卻面臨失傳的危險(xiǎn)。一些古老的窯口因市場(chǎng)需求的變化、生產(chǎn)成本的增加等原因而逐漸衰落。不過(guò)，值得欣慰的是，近年來(lái)，隨著人們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的重視與保護(hù)意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，中國(guó)陶瓷也迎來(lái)了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。許多陶瓷藝術(shù)家在傳承傳統(tǒng)技藝的基礎(chǔ)上，不斷創(chuàng)新，將現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念與古老工藝相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)作出了既具有傳統(tǒng)韻味又符合現(xiàn)代審美需求的陶瓷作品。一些地方政府也加大了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)陶瓷產(chǎn)業(yè)的扶持力度，通過(guò)舉辦陶瓷文化節(jié)、建立陶瓷博物館等方式，推動(dòng)陶瓷文化的傳承與發(fā)展。
Chinese ceramics, this bright pearl in the East, has created a glorious history with clay and fire and conquered the hearts of the world with art and culture. It is a treasure of Chinese culture and an important wealth of human civilization. Let us continue to write a wonderful chapter of Chinese ceramics in inheritance and innovation, allowing the ancient charm of pottery and porcelain to shine with even more brilliant glory in the new era and enabling the world to have a deeper understanding of the profoundness and unique charm of Chinese culture through Chinese ceramics.中國(guó)陶瓷，這顆璀璨的東方明珠，它用泥土與火焰鑄就了輝煌的歷史，用藝術(shù)與文化征服了世界的心靈。它是中國(guó)文化的瑰寶，也是全人類(lèi)文明的重要財(cái)富。讓我們?cè)趥鞒信c創(chuàng)新中，繼續(xù)書(shū)寫(xiě)中國(guó)陶瓷的精彩篇章，讓這古老的陶韻瓷魂在新時(shí)代綻放出更加絢爛的光彩，讓世界通過(guò)中國(guó)陶瓷更加深入地了解中國(guó)文化的博大精深與獨(dú)特魅力。

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