資源簡介

Unit 1 Back to school
Grammar and usage （教學設計）
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
identify different elements in a sentence;
understand five basic sentence structures;
apply the rules in new situations;
write a short passage about how to achieve the goal for the new term.
II. Key competence focus
1. Understand different elements in a sentence and basic sentence structures.
2. Apply grammar knowledge to expressing ideas.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
1. Use five basic sentence structures in new situations.
2. Create a passage based on given topics and sentence structures.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T asks Ss to link randomly presented words into a logical and meaningful sentence.
Miss Yan to was excited to the opportunity give be given really a speech.
→ Miss Yan was really excited to be given the opportunity to give a speech.
【設計意圖：通過連詞成句的方式導入，引發學生對句中不同成分的注意和思考，為后續環節中的句子成分和五大基本句式的內容做好鋪墊。】
Step 2 Exploring the rules
1. Ss read the short speech and put the underlined sentences into the table according to their sentence structures.
I agree. S+V
These habits will be helpful. S+V+P
… you will live a happy life. S+V+O
Setting goals gives you a focus in life. S+V+IO+DO
... setting goals makes you more confident. S+V+O+OC
【設計意圖: 讓學生從語境中初步接觸到語法現象，理解基本語法規則（句子成分以及基本句式結構），體現“形式－意義－使用”三維語法觀中形式與意義的契合。】
Step 3 Working out the rules
1. Learning about Rule 1
Students observe the above five sentence structures and infer what elements are essential in a sentence and deduce Rule 1: The subject and the verb are necessary parts of a sentence.
2. Learning about Rule 2
Students observe the following two sentences:
I agree.
You will have a happy life.
T: The necessary parts of a sentence are the subject (S) and the verb (V) . “Agree” is an intransitive verb and it does not take an object. “Live” is a transitive verb and it takes “ a happy life” as the object .In this way we can work out Rule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) object. Objects are usually nouns or pronouns.
T: Complete the following sentences with proper verbs or objects.
During the three years of senior high school, I acquired great knowledge and enjoyed personal growth.
In order to improve my football skills, I will join a football club.
To achieve my goal for the new term, I will learn to play football. (to-infinitive serving as the object)
3. Learning about Rule 3
Students observe the following sentences:
You will live a happy life.
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
T: Some transitive verbs can take two objects, the direct object (DO) and the indirect object (IO). The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing. Objects are usually nouns or pronouns.The sentence structure is like this: S+V+IO+DO. This is Rule 3.
T: Setting goals gives you a focus in life. We can also change the structure into the following: Setting goals gives a focus to you in life.
T: Let’s have some practice.
(1) Brainstorming: What verbs have we learned that can take two objects
(2) Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure
4. Learning about Rule 4
T: An object can be followed by a complement and it is called object complement (OC). The sentence structure is like this: S+V+O+OC. This is Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object.
T: Please complete the following sentences with proper object complements
Mrs. Barrow named her dog Bluebell.
I wanted to paint my bedroom pink.
I smelled something burning in the kitchen.
The terrible news of Kobe’s death left us in great shock.
I watched a magician perform a magic on TV.
Our principal encouraged us to fully realize our potential.
【設計意圖: 利用語篇中導出的5個句子講解句子成分和基本句子結構等知識。讓學生通過觀察和思考總結出有關句子成分的基本概念和句子結構的基本規則。Practice部分旨在通過半結構化、半開放式的語言練習，鞏固和運用句子結構相關知識，并且為最后的寫作任務打下基礎。】
Step 4 More explanation
1. Distinguish the S+V+O structure from the S+V+P structure.
(1) Underline the sentence elements in the following sentences:
We should keep positive in life. S+V+P
We should keep a positive attitude to life. S+V+O
Achieving a balance between my study and hobbies remains a challenge. S+V+P
(2) Make a summary.
T: We divide verbs into three kinds: intransitive verbs (vi.), transitive verbs (vt.) and linking verbs (linking v.). The verbs in the above sentences are should keep, should keep and remains.They each belong to the linking verb, the transitive verb and the linking verb.
T: Linking verbs include be verbs and verbs like look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, become, turn, stay, remain, keep etc. A word or a group of words that follows a linking verb is the predicative (P).
T: How can we decide the verb in a sentence is a linking verb, a transitive or an intransitive verb Here is my tip. Change the verb into be verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is a linking verb.
【設計意圖: 通過觀察與歸納，學生進一步明確謂語動詞的三大分類以及“主+謂+賓”和“主+系+表”在概念上的區別，學會判斷V+N是“動賓”還是“系表”結構。】
2. Explain the functions of adverbials.
T: We can add an adverbial to each of the above five sentence structures. We use an adverbial to show when (adverbial of time), where (adverbial of place) or how (adverbial of manner) an action is done.
e.g. We carefully watched our chemistry teacher do an experiment with tubes in the lab last week.
T: Let’s practise. Please find the adverbials in the following sentences.
[By setting goals] [now], you are deciding what you want to achieve [in the future].
[To realize your goal], you need to have a good plan, manage your time [well] and pay attention to details.
[When you achieve a goal], you see the result of your hard work.
【設計意圖: 補充狀語知識的講解和例句幫助學生理解狀語的概念和功能，查找句中狀語成分練習，幫助學生完善關于句子成分的知識體系。】
Step 5 Applying the rules
1. Finish B1 on page 7 of the textbook.
2. Finish B2 on page 7 of the textbook.
3. Correct the grammar mistakes in the following passage.
Manage (Managing) time properly is an important way of leading a more successful life. You will benefit (from) the tips below.
Keep a diary. It may seem difficult to start. But sticking to it will also give (you) the chance to see how you spend your time.
Make a to-do list. Sometimes you feel caught between so many tasks. In this case, a to-do list may (be) helpful. You should also break big tasks into small action steps. This makes difficult tasks easily (easy) to manage and complete.
Use technology wisely. Just like your goal of managing time, you should also manage your use of communication tools well. The best way is (to) set aside some time for dealing with them. You should not waste too much time on them.
4. Write a short passage about how to achieve the goal for the new term.
T: What is your goal for the new term How are you going to achieve your goal Write about it using different sentence structures.
Presentation and evaluation
T: After you have finished, I will invite some of you to share your writings with us. Please evaluate the writings and see if the sentences are complete in structure.
T: This is a sample for your reference.
【設計意圖：這個步驟是語法知識在句子層面、語篇層面和新語境中的運用。語法教學的最終目的是為運用。層層深入的活動設計體現“學習理解－應用實踐－遷移創新”英語學習活動觀。】
V. Homework
Polish your writing after class and exchange your writing with other classmates.

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