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仁愛八年級上 Unit 2 Topic 3重點知識
重點內容
一、重點詞組
1. go ahead 繼續、前進
2. instead of 代替
3. prevent the flu 預防流感
4. build sb up 增強…的體質
5. all the time 一直，總是
6. change our clothes often 經常換衣服
7. keep away from crowded places
遠離擁擠的地方
8. take your advice 接受你的建議
9. keep our room clean 保持房間清潔
10. keep the air fresh 保持新鮮空氣
11. eat hot food 吃辣的食物
12. ring him up 打電話給他
13. half an hour later 半小時后
14. leave a message 留言
15. give a talk 做講演（報告）
16. be on time 準時
17. by myself 我自己
18. do some cleaning 打掃衛生
19. use sth for help 用某物幫助
20. healthy eating habits 健康飲食習慣
21. make you fat and unhealthy
使你肥胖和不健康
22. try to stay safe 盡量保持安全
23. learn about first aid 了解急救知識
24. on the other hand 另一方面
25. say no to sb / sth 對某人/某事物說不
26. warm up 熱身
27. stretch your legs 伸展你的腿
28. get your body moving 讓你的身體移動
29. fall off the building 從建筑物上掉下來
30. hand it in 把它交進去
31. a good way to have fun
一個有趣的好方法
32. have great fun in doing sth
做某事有很大樂趣
33. advise her to have a good rest
建議她好好休息一下
34. if you take it wrong. 如果你誤會了
35. is right for you 適合你
36. be suitable for sb 適合某人
37. in the old days 在舊社會
38. last just one day 最后一天
39. have no right to do sth 無 權做某事
40. give sb a chance to do sth
給某人一個做某事的機會
41. during the World WarsⅠ andⅡ
第一次世界大戰和第二次世界大戰期間
短語詳解
1．go ahead 繼續、前進
go ahead 主要有以下3種用法。
① 表示同意對方的請求，根據情況可譯為：說吧，做吧，開始吧，進行吧。如：
A：May I start 我可以開始了嗎 B：Yes，go ahead. 好，開始吧。A：Will you do me a favour 請你幫個忙好嗎 B：Go ahead. 說吧。
A：Do you mind if I smoke 我抽煙你介意嗎 B：No，go ahead.不介意，你抽吧。
A：Can I borrow your dictionary 我可以借你的詞典嗎 B：Yes，go ahead.可以，拿去吧。②表示請對方繼續說、繼續做等，通常可譯為：繼續……吧。如：
Go ahead，we're all listening.繼續講吧，我們都在聽著呢!
Go ahead，what are you waiting for 往前走呀，你在等什么
A：Don't interrupt me while I'm explaining the problems to you.我在給你們解釋這些問題時,請不要打斷我的話。B：All right，go ahead. 好，說下去吧。③表示請對方先走或先做某事，其意為：你先走一步，你先請。如：
You go ahead and tell him that we're coming.你先走一步，告訴他我們就來。You go ahead. I'll join you soon.你們先開始，我一會兒就來（和你們一塊兒干）。
Go ahead，please.你先請（勸別人先吃或先走等的客套說法）。
注意：go ahead and do sth .趕緊做某事。如：Go ahead and eat before everything gets cold.趁東西還沒涼趕緊吃。2．instead of 代替instead 作副詞，是“代替”、“頂替”的意思。如：Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead．王老師病了。我代替他上課。instead of 為介詞短語，它后面可跟名詞、代詞、動名詞、介詞短語或形容詞等。如：
I will clean the window instead of him. 我將替他擦窗戶。We will skate instead of playing football.我們將滑冰而不是踢足球。
3．build sb up 增強…的體質，提高…信心Sports can build up our bodies. 運動能增強我們的體質。
She does everything to build him up. 她用一切方法鼓勵他。
注意：build up 逐步建設；逐步建立；逐步形成：
They came to this country and built up the family business.他們來到這個國家，逐步建立了這份家業。
4．all the time 指的是（在該段時間內）一直;向來，總是I got a new job this year where I am on the go all the time.
我今年找了份新工作，一直忙得不可開交。And a good cook could cook cookies all the time.
一個廚藝好的廚師可以一直做好吃的餅干。all the time 每次都是, 比 always 表示的程度更深, 兩者可以互換。 They always make fun of Mr.Smith.
他們總是嘲弄史密斯先生.
5．change our clothes often 經常換衣服
We should wash our hands and change our clothes often.我們應該勤洗手勤換衣。注意：
often 在句中的位置：1）在 be 動詞之后. 如：She is often very busy. 她經常很忙.2）在第一個助動詞或情態動詞之后. 如：I will always remember this lesson.我將永遠忘不了這一課.3）在實義動詞之前. 如：We often go there. 我們常去那兒.4）如果句子較短或為了強調，可以放在句末，如：You won't see her often. 你不會經常看到她的。
When I was young, I played tennis very often. 我年輕時經常打網球。6．keep away from crowded places
遠離擁擠的地方keep away from 遠離，回避We should keep away from the dangerous place.我們應該遠離危險的地方。
He is a lier, we should keep away from him. 他愛說謊，我們別理他。keep sb/sth away from 遠離…，不靠近…You should keep the fish away from the cat.你應該不要讓貓接近魚。
keep ...from doing sth ... 阻止
Nothing can keep me (from) realizing my dream.沒有什么能阻止我實現我的夢想7． keep our room clean 保持房間清潔; keep the air fresh 保持新鮮空氣由此可以想到的keep用法是：
keep +賓語+ 形容詞 保持…處于某種狀態
Keep the door open.讓門開著8． eat hot food吃辣的食物hot 形容詞，最常用來形容三類人事物：hot weather:天氣熱 hot people:人熱辣、性感hot food:食物燙、或者辣
Super crazy hot 實在太熱啦！The food is too hot to eat. 食物太熱,沒法吃。
I am hot.我很性感。（自夸）
It's hot today.今天很熱。9．ring him up打電話給他 ring sb up = ring up sb 打電話給某人 = telephone sb = call him= make a call to him
Would you please ring him up at five this afternoon 10．half an hour later半小時后 相當于after half an hour， 多用于過去時After half an hour, he came back. = He came back half an hour later.半小時后，他回來了。比較：in half an hour 半小時后：指將來的某一個的時間，多用于將來時；如：He will come here in half an hour.11．leave a message 留言leave a message 留口信。take a message 捎口信。 give a message to… 給…一個口信. May / Can I leave a message 我可以留言嗎？Could you take a message 你可以捎個口信嗎？
I need to give a message to him。我應該給他捎個口信。
12．give a talk 做講演（報告） 比較：have a talk 談話,商討* (with sb /about sth)give a talk 作報告,作演講(on sth)I need to have a serious talk about money matters.
我需要嚴肅地談談錢的問題。He gave an interesting talk on his visit to China.
他對訪問中國進行了有趣的談話。13．be on time 準時in time“及時”，指在約定的時間之前發生。on time “準時、按時”，當一件事準時發生。They were just in time for the bus.他們正好趕上了汽車。The train came on time.火車正點到站。14．by myself 我自己
by oneself = on one's own, 強調“獨自”、“單獨”。比較：oneself 強調“親自”、“自己”。I went to town by myself. 我一個人去鎮上的。
I saw it myself. 這是我親眼所見He can finish the work by himself.= He can finish the work on his own.他可以自己完成這項工作。15．use sth for help 用某物幫助
use sth for sth 把某物用做某物use sth to do sth用某物做某事People there used the grass for medicine.那兒的人們用這種草當藥.People there used the grass to cure the disease.
那兒的人用這種藥治病.16．make you fat and unhealthy使你肥胖和不健康 make sb/ sth + 形容詞 使某人某物怎么樣I want to make you happy 我想讓你高興
The color red makes me nervous.紅色會使我緊張。make sb. +動詞原形 “…使某人做某事”The exciting music makes me want to dance.
興奮的音樂使我想跳舞I make Tom clean the room.
我讓Tom打掃房間
17．try to stay safe 盡量保持安全 try to do sth 盡自己最大能力做某事,等同于try one's best to do sth. stay safe 保持安全 相當于 keep safe
18．learn about first aid 了解急救知識learn about 相當于 learn of 意思是：學到(知識等)；了解：獲悉；聽說：I am sorry to learn about the accident.
獲悉此次事故我深感悲哀.I am sorry to learn of his illness.聽到他病了,我很難過.比較：learn “學習”.I'm learning English now.我現在正在學習英語.learn...about...“知道/了解關于...的...”, “學習關于...的...”.
I'd like to learn something about Yao Ming.我想要了解一些關于姚明的事情.
I'd like to learn more about computer.
我想要學習更多關于電腦的知識.learn from 意思是 "向…學習"We should learn from Lei feng.
我們應該向雷鋒學習。
first aid 急救19．on the other hand 另一方面
on the one hand… , on the other hand… .一方面…，另一方面…。常構成固定搭配。如：On the one hand this activity is interesting, on the other hand it makes people happy. 一方面，這項活動是有趣的，另一方面它使人們快樂。On the one hand,she is poor, on the other hand, she is beautiful.一方面，她很窮，另一方面，她很漂亮。一般來說, 人們通常省去On the one hand，而單獨用on the other hand的情況更多一點On the other hand, I really have no time then.
另一方面，我真的沒有時間了。On the other hand we have some good girls.另一方面，我們(有壞女人)自然就會有一些好女人。20．say no to sb /sth 對某人/某事物說不say sth to sb 對某人說… 如：say hello to Tom 對湯姆說hello say goodbye to father 對父親說再見say thanks to him 對他說謝謝21．warm up熱身 指“某人/某物（自己）/暖和起來/更活躍/更激動/更熱烈/作準備活動”
He waited for his car to warm up. 他等著汽車預熱。The crowd began to warm up. 人群開始活躍起來。22．get your body moving 讓你的身體移動及物動詞get的用法很多1) 用于get+sb(sth) “叫來某人(得到某物)”。如：Please go and get him. 請你去把他叫來。 She got high marks in the final examination.
她在期末考試中得了高分。2) 用于get+sb+sth/get+sth+for sb “為某人弄到某物”。如：I'll get you a drink. 我去給你拿杯飲料來。Could you get a school timetable for me
你能幫我弄張課程表嗎 3) 用于“get+名詞+賓補”，該賓語補足語可以是：(1)不定式get sb to do sth “使……做……”(具有使役性)。如：You must get them to come here.
你必須讓他們來這里。
He couldn't get the car to start and went by bus.
他因無法發動車子，所以就乘公共汽車去。(2)現在分詞;get sb doing sth “使…(開始)起來”或處于某種狀態。如：
What he said got us thinking.
他說話使我們思考起來。Can you get the machine running
你能把這機器發動起來嗎 (3) 形容詞;
get sb / sth +形容詞 “使……(變成某種狀態)”。如：What he said got us angry.
他說的話讓我們很生氣。We've got everything ready.
我們已把一切都準備好了。23．hand it in 把它交進去hand sth in = hand in sth 上交 反義詞是 hand out “分發，提出 ，拿出,取出
Please hand in your homework in time. 請及時上交作業Will you help me to hand out the workbook 你可以幫我分發這些作業本嗎
比較：hand on “轉發” 或 “傳遞”，on 是副詞, 構成詞組 hand on sth.to sb.Please hand on the newspaper to Tony=Please hand the newspaper on to Tony.
請把報紙轉發給Tony.
24．a good way to have fun 一個有趣的好方法
a good way +to do 相當于 a good way of doing 做某事的好方法have fun 開心，作樂They have fun together. 他們在一起很有樂趣。
have fun doing sth（做某事有樂趣）.
We have fun learning English.
我們學英語有樂趣。
have fun with sth/sb:和...玩的很開心.
He had fun with his friends.他和朋友們玩的很開心。
25．if you take it wrong. 如果你誤會了。don't take it wrong 別誤會
take sth the wrong way 誤解某句話
I like you. Don't take this the wrong way, now.I mean as a friend.我喜歡你。不要誤解，我的意思是作為朋友。26．be right for you適合你
be right for sb. 對于某人來說是正確/合適的
The T-shirt is right for him.
這件T恤很適合他穿。The choice is right for him.
他做出了正確的選擇。
27．be suitable for sb 適合某人
A is suitable for B A適合B （人）物對（人）物
This hat is suitable for you.這頂帽子很適合你.
A is suitable to do sth
A適合做某事（人（物）對事）
Tom is suitable to finish the project.湯姆適合完成這個項目.
Be suitable for doing sth=be suitable to do sth
28．have no right to do sth無權做某事
have a right to do sth：有權利做某事No matter who you are, you have no right to do such a thing.You have no right to choose.你沒有選擇的權利。
29．give sb a chance to do sth
給某人一個做某事的機會You may give her a chance to learn English.
你應給她一個學英語的機會。
二、構詞法
1. 名詞+ ist → 名詞 如： journal + ist → journalist 記者，新聞工作者2．形容詞+ ly→ 副詞 如：
final + ly → finally careful + ly → carefully3．動詞+tion →名詞 如：quest + tion→ question
instruct + tion→ instruction4．動詞+ed → 形容詞 如：crowd + ed → crowded5. 形容詞 + ness → 名詞 如：
happy + ness → happiness6．un + 形容詞 → （否定意義的）形容詞 如：
un + happy → unhappy
7．a +名詞 → 副詞 如：
a + head → ahead
8．動詞+ment → 名詞 如：equip + ment → equipment9．名詞+ able →形容詞 如：suit + able → suitable10．名詞+ er → 名詞 如：cook + er → cooker11．合成詞：them + self →themselves her + self → herself it + self → itself one + self → oneself grand+ mother → grandmother inter + net → Internet
三、幾個重要的單詞
1．prevent指“阻止成功”,如果阻止了,但是沒有成功,不可用prevent.
She prevented him from going.
她阻止他去. (實際上他的確沒有去)
She tried to prevent him from going,but he still went.
她試圖阻止他去，但他仍然去了。prevent 常見有以下三種用法：
① prevent sth
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent disease.
科學家們正試圖找到預防疾病的方法。② prevent sb/sb;s doing sth 阻止某人以免做某事Nobody can prevent our getting married.誰也阻止不了我們結婚。Nothing can prevent us from carrying out the plan.什么也無法阻擋我們去實施這個計劃。③prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人以免做某事 （=prevent sb/sb's doing sth）He prevented me from going there.他阻止我去
He prevented the boy from climbing the tree. 他阻止那個小男孩爬樹.2．happen 發生; 出現;碰巧; 偶然遇到; 詞形變化：happened，happening，happens happen 是不及物動詞,它的用法常見的有如下幾種情況：
1）表示“某地(某時)發生了什么事”,常用
“sth.+ happen +地點/時間”來表達,此時主語應是事情.如：The story happened in 2003.
這個故事發生在2003年.An accident happened in that street.那條街上發生了一起事故.2）表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”來表達. 如：A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她發生了交通事故.What happened to you 你怎么啦 3）表示“某人碰巧做某事”,要用
“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”來表達. 如：I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個朋友.
4）happen表示“碰巧或恰巧發生某事”時,還可用“It happens / happened that...”這來表達.如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了.It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.碰巧那天下午他不得不參加一個會議.注：that從句中的主語是人時,此種結構可以與“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”結構互換.如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.
= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
3．choose 1）choose sth（form...）（從...中）選擇某物（choose是及物動詞）You need to choose the best one (from them).
你(從他們中)選出最好的一個。2）choose form... 從...中選擇（choose是不及物動詞）
Here are some dictionaries for you choose from.
這些詞典可供你選擇。In fact, there are many colors to choose from.
事實上，有許多種顏色可供選擇。3）choose sb sth 為某人選擇某物Alice chose him a sweater.
愛麗絲替他挑選了一件毛衣.
4）choose to do sth.
選擇做某事 ;甘愿做某事;寧愿做某事
I choose to give up when all my hopes has faded.
在所有的希望都破滅的時候，我選擇了放棄。
說明：choose后面接的是挑選的內容和對像即將被選中的東西.而choose from后接的是挑選的范圍
I choose this book.我選這本書
You can choose from those books.你可以從這那些書里選.I will choose the best one from those book.我將從那些書里挑出最好的.順便記一下名詞的一個常用結構 choice是choose的名詞形式have no choice but to do sth.
（=have nothing to do but do...)
除了...別無選擇have no choice but to accpet his invitation.我除了接受他的邀請沒有別的選擇.have nothing to do but do sth.
除了...什么也沒做 如：
I had nothing to do but sleep all the time last Sunday.
我上周日除了睡覺什么也沒有做.
He did nothing but watch TV all the day.他整天什么也不做除了看電視。4．except ①except表示“除去，不包括”，強調所排除的“不包括在內”，常同nothing, all,none, nobody, any等不定代詞以及every連用。如：The office is open everyday except Sundays.
除了星期日這家公司每天都營業。She saw nothing except snow.
除了雪她什么也沒看見。
（nothing except = nothing but = only）
②except 經常接名詞、代詞，也可接副詞，介詞短語，不帶to的不定式或從句等。如： She looked everywhere except here.
除了這里，她到處看。You may come here at any time except at noon.
除了中午，你任何時候來都可以。She doesn't do anything except sit and watch TV.
除了坐著看電視外，她什么也不做。
It was a good hotel except that it was rather noisy.
這家旅館還不錯，只可惜吵。
③except for 也表示“除…以外”，它同except的區別是：except for 后接的詞同句子中的整體詞（主語）不是同類的；而except 后接的詞同整體詞（主語）一般是同類，指在同類的整體中除去一個部分。如: I can answer all the questions except the last one.
除了最后一題外，所有題目我都可以解答。Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
除了幾處語法錯誤外，你的作文寫得很好。
四、反身代詞
反身代詞是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself,itself, themselves, oneself。
1.用作同位語(加強被修飾詞的語氣，緊放在被修飾名詞后,或句末)：
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer.
布萊克太太本人就是一名律師。
You had better ask the driver himself.
你最好問司機本人。2. 用作賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)： Take good care of yourself. 好好照顧你自己。
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權為自己做出決定。 The child can dress himself. 這孩子能自己穿衣服了。 She could not make herself understood. 她不能使別人聽懂她的話。 3. 用作表語 The poor boy was myself. 那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。 Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。 4. 有關反身代詞的幾個常見短語all by oneself 全靠自己；
She learns swimming all by herself.她是自學游泳的。say to oneself 自言自語She said to herself,"Who am I "她自言自語的說：“我是誰？”·
enjoy oneself 玩得高興；help oneself (to) 隨便用……hurt oneself 傷害自己teach oneself 自學get dressed oneself 自己穿衣seat oneself 就坐
五、朗讀下列句子，并將其譯成漢語，注意句中出現的短語。
1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. Li Sure, go ahead.
李博士,我可以問你一些問題嗎？當然，繼續吧。
2. What should we do to prevent it
我們應該做些什么來預防呢？
3. We should exercise often to build us up.
我們應該經常鍛煉以增強體質。
4. We should keep the the air fresh all the time.
我們應該保持空氣新鮮。
5. We should keep away from crowded places.
我們應該遠離擁擠的地方。
6. We must go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu.
當我們得了流感時，我們必須馬上去看醫生。
7. We'll take your advice. 我們接受你的建議。
8. I'm afraid he is busy right now. I'll ring him up later.
恐怕他現在正忙著呢。我待會兒給他打電話。
9. Can I leave a message 我可以留個口信嗎？
10. Kate's father will give a talk at 3:00 p.m. Be on time.
凱特的父親將在下午3點鐘準時發言。
11. You should finish it by yourself.
你應該自己完成它。
12. I can finish my homework with the help of it.
我可以借助它完成我的家庭作業。
13.You must do your homework first.
你必須先做作業。
14.Playing sports can also help you keep fit.
運動也可以幫助你保持健康。
15.Try to stay safe when you play them.
試著在玩游戲時保持安全。
16. It's necessary for you to learn about first aid.
你有必要了解急救知識。
17. You can help others if an accident happens.
如果發生意外事故，你可以幫助別人。
18. Happiness is important for your health.
快樂對你的健康很重要。
19. So be happy to be healthy. 所以要快樂健康。
20. We must stay away from smoking and drinking.
我們必須遠離吸煙和飲酒。
21. You should say no to smoking and drinking.
你應該拒絕吸煙和喝酒。
22. We should stop exercising when we are hurt.
當我們受傷時，我們應該停止運動。
23. Exercising in the gym is not a good idea.
在健身房鍛煉不是一個好主意。
24. It is important to warm up before you exercise.
運動前要熱身是很重要的。
25. You don't need to spend a lot of money exercising.
你不需要花很多錢鍛煉。
26. Just get your body moving.
讓你的身體動起來。
27. Your exercise will be fun instead of work.
你的運動會很有趣，而不是工作。
28. Drink enough water when you exercise.
運動時要多喝水。
29. Rest until you feel better.
休息，直到你感覺好些為止。
30. Exercising when you are hurt is bad for your health.
當你受傷時鍛煉對你的健康有害。
31. Be careful. Don't play with a knife.
小心點。不要玩刀子。
32. Must I hand it today No, you needn't.
我今天必須交嗎？不，你不需要。
33. You can keep it for two weeks.
你可以保存兩個星期。
34. The games lasted just for one day.
比賽持續了一天。
35. Playing sports is a good way to keep fit.
運動是保持身體健康的好方法。
36. They have great fun playing basketball.
他們非常喜歡打籃球。
37. The doctor will know if the medicine is right for you.
醫生會知道這藥對你是否合適。
38. Some medicine is not suitable for children.
有些藥不適合兒童服用。
39. You must put medicine in places where children can't get. .
你必須把藥物放在孩子們無法得到的地方。
40. Medicine may make your illness more serious or even kill you if you take it wrong.
如果你吃錯了藥，藥會使你的病更嚴重，甚至會殺死你。
41. On the other hand, you may feel ill if you are always unhappy.
另一方面，如果你總是不高興，你可能會覺得不舒服。
42. If you exercise for 30 minutes each time, you will stay healthy.
如果你每次運動30分鐘，你就會保持健康。
43. Women had no right to take part in the Olympic Games until 1912.
婦女直到1912才有權參加奧運會。
44. The first Winter Olympic Games gave athletes chance to compete in snow and ice sports.
第一屆冬季奧運會給運動員提供了參加冰雪運動的機會。
45. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Early to bed, early to rise.
一天一蘋果，醫生遠離我。早睡早起

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