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仁愛八年級 上 Unit 1 Topic 2重點知識
重點內容
一、重點短語
1. fall ill 患病，病倒2. give sb a hand 幫某人一個忙3. do well in 在某方面做得好4. shout at sb 斥責某人；對某人大聲說5. do one's best 盡某人最大努力6. be angry with 對…生氣7. talk about 談論，討論8. at first 起初，起先9. come into being 形成，產生10. for example 例如11. mind doing sth 介意做某事12. kick you the ball 把球踢給你13. could you please… 請你…好嗎？14. Never mind 沒關系，不介意15. keep trying 繼續努力，繼續嘗試16. have a try 試一試17. right away 立刻，馬上18. somewhere else 別的地方19. throw bottles around 亂扔瓶子20. like that 像那樣21. more often 經常，常常，更經常22. learn teamwork 學會團隊合作23. say sorry to sb 對某人說對不起24. be sorry for 為…感到難過，歉疚25. do better next time 下次做的更好26. with the help of sb 在某人的幫助下27. finish my homework on time
按時完成家庭作業28. a history of over a century
超過一個世紀的歷史29. so that 以便于30. stop the other team from doing so
阻止另一個隊這樣做31. want our team to lose 想讓我們的隊輸32. are sure to do sth 肯定/一定做某事33. have more fun 玩得更開心34. a team game with two teams of five players each 一個兩隊參加，每隊五個人的小組賽 35. a large number of 大量的，很多36. in early spring 在初春37. sit around the green 圍坐在草地上38. what he said 他說過的話39. one of my teammates 我的隊友中的一個40. follow the rules 遵守規則41. build sb up 增強、增進（人的體質）
短語解釋
fall ill 患病，病倒 fall ill生病，（強調生病的動作,瞬間）如：Put on your jacket or you'll fall ill.穿上你的夾克，否則你會生病的。Tom fell ill yesterday.湯姆昨天生病了。He fell ill three months ago.他三個月前生病了。fall behind 落后，跟不上 如：Work hard, or you'll fall behind.努力學習，否則你會落后。比較：1. be ill 狀態,持續Tom doesn't come to school because he is ill for two days.湯姆沒有來學校，因為他病了兩天了。feel ill 是難受的意思 Please let us know if you feel ill.如果你覺得不適請告訴我們2．give sb a hand 幫某人一個忙 I am in trouble. Could you please give me a hand 我遇到麻煩了。你能幫我一下嗎？比較：give sb a hand=do sb a favor = help sb with sth（一般不說：give a hand to sb或者do a favor to sb）Please do me a favor！請幫我一個忙吧！Can you do me a favor 你能幫幫我么？3．do well in 在某方面做得好do well in = be good at在…方面做得好，擅長于… 如：他擅長英語。He does well in English ./ He is good at Engish .她擅長唱歌。She is good at singing .She does well in singing .do well 做的好；do better 做的更好Pracitce more and you will do better next time.多練習，下次你會做得更好。4．shout at sb斥責某人；對某人大聲說shout at sb 對某人不滿意而大喊大叫” 而 shout to sb “為了讓某人聽到而大聲說話”I'm sorry I shouted at you last night. 很抱歉昨天晚上我沖著你大吼大叫的。You don't shout at your mother.你不要對你母親大喊大叫比較：to只指方向，而at帶有非善意的含義，shout at近似于我們漢語是“罵”。同理throw to“朝…仍”，throw at “朝…砸”（惡意的）5．do one's best 盡某人最大努力I will do my best next time.們下次我將盡力。 I will do my best to finish my homework on time.我將盡力按時完成作業。I'll do my best to learn English well.我要盡力學好英語比較：
do one's best = try one's bestI will try my best to make you happy.我會盡我最大的努力讓你快樂。Teachers try their best to make students konw it.教師盡力讓學生理解它。6．be angry with sb 對(某人)生氣I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我對他很生氣,因為他讓我等了好久。Are you angry with me 你在生我的氣嗎 My teacher was angry with me because I was late for school.老師對我很生氣,因為我上學遲到了.Don't be angry with me,Dad!Let me explain! 別對我發火,爸爸!比較：be angry about / at因某事而生氣；兩者?？苫Q。be angry at指在事情發生時很氣憤;而be angry about則指在事情發生后已一段時間仍很氣憤。He's always angry about little things.他總是為小事生氣。He was angry about missing that movie.他為錯過那部電影而生氣。7．talk about談論，討論① talk about意思是“談論某人或某事”，其后跟談話所涉及的人或事。如：What are you talking about 你們在談論什么？People begin to talk about her.人們開始談論她。We are talking about the new math teacher.我們正在談論新的數學老師.② talk to / talk with 意思是“和 交談”，其后跟談話的對象。如：We must talk to（with）her.我們必須跟她談一談。The students often talk to（with）each other in English.學生們經常用英語互相交談。I talked to （with）that famous singer yesterday.我昨天與那位著名的歌手談話.8．at first 起初，起先at first 的意思是“起初”“開始”，它主要用于強調前后對照，暗示接下去的動作與前面的動作不同甚至相反，因此常有 but, afterwards, soon, at last 等相呼應。如：At first I didn't want togo, but I soon changed my mind.我開始不想去，但我很快就改變了主意。The work was hard at first, but I got used to it.起初這活兒很累，不過后來我習慣了。At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong.起初他們生活得很幸福，但后來就開始出問題了。比較：①at first與at last不是一對反義詞組，后者的意思是“終于”“最終”。如：At last everyone knows the truth.最后每個人都知道了真相。She got everything ready at last.她最后把一切準備好了。Look! It's snowing. Winter is here at last.瞧，下雪了。終于是冬天了。② at first = at/in the beginning 當初,起初You will find it difficult in the beginning, but you will soon like it.開始你會覺得困難，但不久就會喜歡它的。9．come into being（一般指物）產生，形成，開始存在We do not know when this world came into being. 我們不知道世界是何時形成的.How does the salt come into being 鹽到底是怎么形成的呢？比較：be born（人）出生于…；落地；誕生；He was born and grew up in Shanghai. 他出生在上海，并在那兒長大成人。She was born in the middle of a rainstorm. 她出生在一場暴風雨中。10．for example 例如1）for example后只舉一例，后有逗號，后加句子，（可放句首，句中，句末）Tom ,for example, is my good friend.例如，湯姆是我的好朋友。For example，noise is a kind of pollution. 例如，聲音也是一種污染。Noise，for example，is a kind of pollution. Noise is a kind of pollution，forexample. 2）such as：列舉幾個例子，后加名詞∕動名詞∕動名詞短語, 不能接句子，也不與and so on連用，如：He knows many languages，such as Chinese，English and Korean. He does well in many kinds of sports，such as swimming，running，jumping. I have some good friends, such as Tom ,Kate,Jane.我有一些好朋友，比如湯姆、凱特、簡。
11. mind doing sth 介意做某事
mind doing：介意做某事
mind not doing：介意不做某事1) 這一動詞主要用于疑問句和否定句：Would you mind waiting a moment
請等一會兒，好嗎？
I don't mind walking. 我不在乎走路。
2) Would you mind
是最常用的表示請求的說法之一：Would you mind not smoking
請不要吸煙，可以嗎？（請別抽煙）
Would you mind moving your car 請你把你的汽車移動一下，好嗎？（請挪動它。）
1.若表示“不介意”或“同意”時，常用否定形式。如：①No,of course not.
②No,certainly not.③No,not at all.2.若表示“介意”或“不同意”時，則常用較委婉的方式加以拒絕。如：① I'm sorry but I do.② Sorry, you'd better not.③ I'm afraid you can't. 12．kick you the ball 把球踢給你
kick sb sth = kick sth to sb 把某物踢給某人I kick the ball to you like this. 我把球踢給你。Don't kick me the ball like that.
不要那樣把球踢給我。類似的符合雙賓語結構的詞有：pass，throw，bring，show，teach，lend，give kick的其它用法：如：He kicked me! 他踢我了！He kicked the door open.
他踢開了門。
He kicked the ball hard.
他用力踢球。13．Could you please + 動詞原形+其它？請你…好嗎？
這種“禮貌、委婉的說法”, 不是過去式, “能否麻煩你…”、“請你…嗎？” 回答要注意：
Could you please open the window
肯定回答 B: “Of course”否定回答：B: “Sorry, I can't open it because the windows are locked on the train.”
類似的表達還有
Would you please+ 動詞原形+其它？Would you like… 14．Never mind沒關系，不介意never mind 意為“沒關系”、“不要緊”、“不費事”，習慣上用于以下幾種場合：1）當別人向你致歉時。如：—I'm sorry to bring you so much trouble.
—Never mind.
2）請別人放心或安慰別人時。如：—Doctor Bethune, please go before the enemy comes．
—Never mind, my boy, it won't take long.3）當別人要幫助或為你做某事時。如：—Let me carry the bag for you.讓我給你拿包吧！—Never mind.不用費事了。另外，當別人向你表示感謝時，
不能說Never mind.而說Not at all.等。15．keep trying繼續努力，繼續嘗試keep doing sth.
繼續干某事, 強調動作的連續不斷；John always kept (on) asking questions.
約翰總是問個不停。
They kept working until midnight.
他們(連續不斷)一直干到午夜。 He caught a bad cold and kept coughing all the day.他得了重感冒,一整天都在咳嗽。
比較：keep on doing sth 堅持做某事, 表示動作反復,強調動作與動作之間有間隔Mr. Wang kept on explaining until the student understood.王先生反復地解釋直到學生們聽懂了為止。Keep on doing what you are doing.
繼續做你現在正在做的事情。16．have a try 試一試If you want to have a try, I can teach you.
如果你想嘗試一下，我可以教你。
The question is very difficult, but I want to have a try
這個問題很難，我想試一下。Do you like this dress You can have a try.
喜歡這條裙子嗎？你可以試穿一下。類似表達：take a try, want a go
17．right away立即、馬上、即刻.
語氣稍弱于at once. 可用于過去或將來時態。He didn't answer right away. 他沒有馬上回答。I'll return the book right away.我馬上還書.
Several things happened at once.
幾件事情同時發生.
He asked me to come to his office at once.他請我立刻就到他的辦公室去。
I want you to send this telegram at once.我希望你馬上把這電報發出去。
比較：right now現在,此時此刻，也有立即,馬上,即刻的意思。一般用于現在或者將來時態。如:Where is the International Space Station right now
國際空間站現在在什么位置？
You should buy a house right now.
你該著手買幢房子了He is crying right now.他現在正在哭。18．somewhere else 別的地方①.else用在不定代詞或副詞后面,表示“另外”、“其它”的.
Would you like something else to drink
你還要喝點別的什么嗎
We went to the park and nowhere else.我們到公園去了,其它什么地方也沒去.② else 還可用在疑問代詞或副詞（如：who ,what,where等）后面表示強調.Who else will go to the meeting
還有誰要去參加會議 What else would you do
你還有什么別的事要做嗎
( What else= What other things)③ else 還常用于固定結構 or else ,意為“否則”、“要不然”.Run ,or else we'll be late .快跑,不然我們就遲到了.Do what I say ,or else !照我的話去做,否則后果自負.19．throw bottles around 亂扔瓶子throw sth around 亂扔東西
= throw sth about
= throw sth here and there
類似的表達：
throw money around 大手大腳throw litter around 亂扔垃圾You must not throw litter around.
你不可以亂扔垃圾
20．like that像那樣
Don't throw litter about like that.
不要亂扔雜物.比較：like this 像這樣 → just like this 就像這樣I have a coat just like this.
我有一件衣服同這件一模一樣。I lost her in a room just like this.
我就在這樣的一個房間里失去了她。
It opens and closes, like this.
這個能開能關，就像這樣。Look! You can't go on like this.
你啊，老這樣下去可不行！21．more often
經常，常常，更經常; 在大多數情況下more often是often的比較級Most of us also need to smile more often.
我們中的大多數人都需要更經常地微笑。
Say please and thank you more often.
多說請和謝謝。Let's get in touch more often.
多多聯絡。
22．say sorry to sb對某人說對不起
say … to sb 對某人說…He said to me ,"Don't be late .
他對我說：“不要遲到了。”You should say Thanks to him.你應該對他說謝謝。say hello to sb 對某人說hellosay goodbye to sb 對某人說再見23．be sorry for sth為…感到遺憾/后悔/抱歉① 表示“難過的、惋惜的”be sorry for+人, be sorry about+物
I felt sorry for her in her great trouble.
她遇到大麻煩,我為她感到難過.I am sorry about his misfortune.我為他的不幸感到難過.
②表示“抱歉、后悔”的時候,兩個詞組都可以用,可以互換.I am sorry for / abour what I said.
我為我說的話感到抱歉.
You will be sorry for this.
對此事，你會后悔的。③ for 可以加動名詞,about不可I am sorry for troubling you.抱歉,打擾你了.24．on time 按時on time“準時、按時”，當一件事準時發生，正好在約定的時間發生。一般用在句尾。如：
The train came on time.
火車正點到站。I'll write to your father if you aren't here on time tomorrow.
倘若你明天不準時到，我就要寫信告訴你父親。
比較:in time“及時”，指在約定的時間之前發生。意指正趕上時候或恰在需要的時候。如：
We hope you will arrive in time to attend the meeting.
我希望你能及時趕來參加這個會議。They were just in time for the bus.他們正好趕上了汽車。25．have a history of + 時間段
有（多長時間的）歷史The temple has a history of 500 years .
這座廟有500年的歷史。比較:with a history of在句中做狀語,表伴隨.It's an old temple with the history of 500 years .
它是一座有500年歷史的廟。26．so that 以便于so that + 句子 以便 / 為了…, 表目的狀語，從句中多有can, could等情態動詞. 如：I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.
我起得很早，以便能趕上早班車。Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air.
請打開窗戶，讓我們呼吸新鮮空氣。You must go now so that you won't be late.
你現在必須走，這樣你就不會遲到了。27．stop the other team from doing so阻止另一個隊這樣做 stop sb from doing sth
阻止…以免做某事，from可以被省去。如：The heavy rain stopped us (from) arriving there on time.
大雨阻止了我們按時到達那里。
What stopped you (from) coming to the party 什么事阻止你來參加晚會？The heavy rain didn't stop them (from) working on.大雨并沒有阻止他們繼續干活。類似的短語還有：
prevent sb(from) doing
keep sb from doing sthI tried to stop/ prevent him(from) smoking, but I failed.
我試圖勸他戒煙，但沒成功。Nothing can stop/ prevent/ keep us from doing that.沒有什么能阻止我們那樣做This is the best way to stop/ prevent/ keep such a thing from happening again.防止這樣的事再次發生這是最好的辦法。比較：stop doing sth停止做某事
The two girls stopped talking when they saw me.
那兩個女孩一見到我就停止了講話.
28．want our team to lose
想讓我們的隊輸want的用法① want sth.想要某物②want to do sth.想要做某事
③want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事1) want sth.中的sth.一般是名詞，如apple, pencil, book, money等
我想要點水。I want some water.我想吃一個蘋果。I want an apple.我想要兩本書。I want two books.
2) want to do sth.其中的do是動詞原形，表達主語想要做的動作。
我想要喝點水。I want to drink some water.我想要吃一個蘋果。I want to eat an apple.我想要兩本書。
I want to have two books.3) want sb. to do. sth.其中的sb.是want的賓語，是主語想要這個賓語做某事。我想讓我媽媽喝點水。
I want my mother to drink some water.
我想讓你吃一個蘋果。
I want you to eat an apple.
我想讓我的老師買兩本書。I want my teacher to buy two books.29．be sure to do sth 肯定/一定做某事（語可以是人或物）Tom is sure to help her.
湯姆肯定會幫她的。We are sure to get a warm welcome.
我們一定會受到熱烈歡迎的。It's sure to be fine tomorrow.
明天準會天晴。
This plan is sure to succeed.該計劃勢必成功。
It's sure to rain.肯定要下雨。
比較：be sure of doing sth
確信”、“自信”做某事，（主語只能是人）I'm sure of knowing you well.
我確信對你十分了解。
Alan is sure of winning before the game.
比賽前，阿蘭自信穩操勝券。比較下列兩句：
1）My father is sure to live to a hundred.
2）My father is sure of living to a hundred.
句1）的意思是“我父親肯定能活到一百歲”。代表說話人（我）的看法或判斷。
句2）的意思是“我父親自信能活到一百歲”。代表作為主語的人（我父親）的看法或判斷。be sure about / of sth確信或對某事有把握I'm not sure about / of the answer.
我對這個答案沒有把握。
30．have more fun玩得更開心You'll have more fun,” they would say.
他們會說，“你會得到更多樂趣的?！盬ould you like to have more fun on weekends
想在周末有更多的樂趣嗎 注意：have a good/nice/great/wonderful time
=enjoy oneself =have fun31．a large number of大量的，很多a (large) number of+可數名詞復數 大量的，很多 如：There are a large number of people in the station.
車站里有許多人。I have a number of letters to write today.
今天我有好多信要寫
注意：The number of 的意思是“...的數量”，修飾的可數名詞作主語時謂語用單數形式The number of students in our class is sixty.我們班的學生數是60。32．what he said他說過的話
類似的還有：what he did 他做過的事他們都相當于一個名詞，在句子中可以做主語，賓語或表語等。如：
What he said is true.他說的是真的。
What he did makes me angry.
他的所作所為讓我很生氣。
I don't understand what he said just now.
我不明白他剛才說了些什么。 That is what he said.
他就是這么說的。
33．one of my teammates
我的隊友中的一個one of+ 復數名詞，意為“...中之一”。做主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：One of my favorite basketball players is Michael Jordan.
我最喜愛的籃球明星之一是邁克爾 喬丹。34．build sb up 增強、增進（人的體質） You should do more exercise to build yourself up.
你應該多鍛煉來增強你的體質
二、構詞法根據上一單元的構詞內容，思考一下，這幾個單詞的詞意：
player → inventor lover → outdoors indoor → beginning
三、幾個重要的單詞
nothing , finish, become
through, hold , such, person1．nothing沒有什么1) nothing是不定復合代詞,全部否定.2) nothing 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數There is nothing in the bottle.3) nothing 回答 what 問句：
what is in the box -Nothing.比較：everything,something, anything , nothing 均為指物的復合不定代詞,主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
①everything意為每件事;一切事,可用于肯定句、疑問句或否定句中。如:I hope everything goes well.我希望一切順利。Who can know everything 誰能知道萬事萬物呢 ②something意為某事;某物,常用于肯定句中,也可用于征求對方意見的疑問句中。如:
Something is wrong with my ears.我的耳朵有點毛病。Jim,could you do something for me, please
吉姆,請為我做點事好嗎 ③anything意為某事;任何事,一般用于否定句或疑問句中。如:Can you hear anything 你能聽到某種聲音嗎 You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.
在看醫生之前不許吃任何東西。④nothing意為沒有什么;沒有東西。如:Tom saw nothing.湯姆什么也沒看見。2．finish vt.完成，做好；n.最后的部分，結局，結尾finish sth完成某事；
finish doing sth完成做某事Tom didn't finish his homework last night.
昨天晚上湯姆沒有完成他的家庭作業。You must finish doing your homework first.你必須先完成你的家庭作業。I will finish reading the book this Saturday.我周六將完讀完這本書。
3．become 變得，成為become + 名詞或者形容詞
變成...；成為..He became famous when he was only a child.他在小時候就出名了.
He became ill yesterday.
他昨天病了.
He became a teacher ten years ago.他成為老師有十年了。
注意：1) become 之后一般不接不定式(可以用start to代替become)，也不用于將來時，如：
誤：He became to like English.
正：He started to like English.
誤：I hope you will become well.
2) become,get也用于天氣、社會的發展變化,兩者可以互換Our country is getting/becoming stronger and stronger.
我們的國家日益強大.
It's becoming/getting colder and colder.天變得越來越冷.
4．through 穿過，貫穿 （強調在內部穿過）1）表示“從...中穿過”“透過”
Go though the forest 穿過森林Walk through the aisle.通過走廊A river goes through the city.一條小河穿過這座城市
The sun shine comes in through the window.
陽光透過窗戶照進來。
2) 自始至終；從頭到尾We worked through the night.
我們通宵的工作。3) 帶有through的固定短語go through/come through經歷Look through瀏覽
get through to sb接某人通電話，打通某人電話
比較：across穿過 (強調在表面橫過)
常見的有：across the river; across the bridge
across the road; across the streetacross the finish line
5．hold 動詞：抓住，舉辦，保持，包含1）握著;抓住;夾住
He held a knife in his hand.
他手里握著一把刀.
You can't hold the ball and run with it.你不能握著球跑。2）.容納;包含The box can hold all my clothes.
這箱子能裝下我的全部衣服.
3）舉行
They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.
他們明天將開會討論這個問題.4）擁有,握有,持有He holds much property in the town.他在鎮上擁有很多地產.
6．such 代詞，形容詞：這樣的，那樣的，類似的
1）such修飾單數名詞時，放于不定冠詞a(an)之前，若名詞前有one，no，any，some，all,many等修飾時，such放在這些修飾詞之后。He's such a man.
他就是這么一個人。
One such table is enough.
這樣的桌子，有一張就夠了。There is no such thing.沒有這么一回事。
2）比較so和 such其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many，few，much， little（little表示“小”時除外）連用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.so foolishso + adj. + a(n) + n.so nice aflowerso +many/ few+ adj. + n. (pl.)so many/few flowersso +much/ little+ adj. + n. [u]so much/little money.so many peoplesuch + a(n) +adj.+ n.such afoolsuch+adj + n. (pl.)such anice flowersuch+adj +n. (pl.)such niceflowerssuch+adj.(可省去） +n. [u]such rapidprogresssuch a lotof people7．person 名詞，人，個人person是個體名詞,它泛指man,woman或child中的任何一個,其復數形式是persons,
但人們習慣用 people代替persons. “一個人”常譯作a person,而需要說明一個人
的性別時,要用a man 或 a woman來表示.如:Who is the youngest person in your class 你們班里年齡最小的人是誰
eople作“人”講時 ,表復數概念.說“一個人”時,不用people.當表示兩個以上的人時,可用people.如：
twenty people 二十個人.
people 作“民族”解時,有單、復數之分.如：a people一個民族.There are 56 peoples in China.中國有56個民族.

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