資源簡介 Lesson 13 The search for oil 探尋石油核心詞匯search釋義:搜索,探尋;搜查(名詞 / 動詞)。搭配:in search of(尋找,尋求),search for(搜尋,查找)。例句:They went into the forest in search of wild fruits.(他們進入森林尋找野生水果。)oil釋義:油;石油;油畫顏料(名詞);給…… 加油(動詞)。搭配:crude oil(原油),oil field(油田),oil the machine(給機器加油)。例句:The country is rich in oil resources.(這個國家石油資源豐富。)prospect釋義:前景,前途;可能性;勘探,勘察(名詞 / 動詞)。搭配:have good prospects(有良好的前景),prospect for(勘探……)。例句:The prospect for finding gold in this area is very small.(在這個地區找到黃金的可能性很小。)geologist釋義:地質學家。搭配:無常見特殊搭配。例句:The geologist studied the rock formations carefully.(地質學家仔細研究了巖層結構。)drill釋義:鉆孔機;操練,訓練(名詞);鉆孔;訓練(動詞)。搭配:oil drill(石油鉆機),drill a hole(鉆一個孔),drill troops(訓練部隊)。例句:They used a powerful drill to make a deep hole in the ground.(他們使用一臺大功率鉆孔機在地上鉆了一個深洞。)core釋義:核心;果心;巖芯(名詞);去掉(水果等的)果心;取(巖芯等)(動詞)。搭配:at the core of(在…… 的核心),take a core sample(取巖芯樣本)。例句:The core of the problem is lack of communication.(問題的核心是缺乏溝通。)sample釋義:樣本,樣品;抽樣檢查(名詞 / 動詞)。搭配:take a sample(取樣),random sample(隨機樣本)。例句:The scientist took a sample of the water for testing.(科學家取了一份水樣進行檢測。)analyse釋義:分析,剖析。搭配:analyse data(分析數據),analyse a problem(分析問題)。例句:We need to analyse the situation carefully before making a decision.(我們在做決定前需要仔細分析形勢。)crust釋義:地殼;外殼;面包皮(名詞)。搭配:Earth's crust(地殼),the crust of the bread(面包皮)。例句:The crust of the Earth is made up of different layers.(地球的地殼由不同的地層組成。)mantle釋義:地幔;披風,斗篷;覆蓋物(名詞);覆蓋(動詞)。搭配:Earth's mantle(地幔),mantle with(用…… 覆蓋)。例句:The mountains are mantled with snow.(群山覆蓋著白雪。)reservoir釋義:水庫,蓄水池;儲藏,蘊藏(名詞)。搭配:oil reservoir(油藏),water reservoir(水庫)。例句:This area has a large oil reservoir underground.(這個地區地下有一個大型油藏。)trapped釋義:陷入困境的;受困的;捕獲的(形容詞);使陷入困境;捕獲(動詞 trap 的過去式及過去分詞)。搭配:be trapped in(被困在…… 里)。例句:They were trapped in the elevator for hours.(他們被困在電梯里好幾個小時了。)porous釋義:多孔的,有氣孔的;能滲透的。搭配:porous material(多孔材料),porous rock(多孔巖石)。例句:Porous rocks can allow oil and gas to flow through.(多孔巖石能讓石油和天然氣流過。)permeable釋義:可滲透的,能透過的。搭配:permeable membrane(可滲透膜),permeable layer(可滲透層)。例句:This kind of cloth is permeable to water.(這種布料透水。)impermeable釋義:不可滲透的,不透水的。搭配:impermeable layer(不透水層),impermeable barrier(不透水屏障)。例句:The plastic sheet is impermeable to liquids.(塑料薄膜不透液體。)capillary釋義:毛細管;毛細血管(名詞);毛狀的,毛細管作用的(形容詞)。搭配:capillary action(毛細管作用),capillary tube(毛細管)。例句:Capillary action helps plants absorb water from the soil.(毛細管作用幫助植物從土壤中吸收水分。)gravity釋義:重力,地心引力;嚴重性。搭配:the force of gravity(重力),the gravity of the situation(情況的嚴重性)。例句:An apple falls to the ground because of gravity.(蘋果由于重力作用掉到地上。)squeeze釋義:擠壓,捏;壓榨,榨取(名詞 / 動詞)。搭配:squeeze out(擠出,榨出),squeeze through(擠過,勉強通過)。例句:He squeezed the orange to get some juice.(他擠壓橙子以獲取一些果汁。)extract釋義:提取物,精華;摘錄;提取,提煉(名詞 / 動詞)。搭配:extract oil(提煉石油),extract from(從…… 中提取)。例句:They extracted valuable minerals from the ore.(他們從礦石中提取了有價值的礦物。)pump釋義:泵,抽水機;打氣筒(名詞);用泵輸送;打氣(動詞)。搭配:oil pump(油泵),pump water(抽水),pump up(打氣;使振奮)。例句:The pump is used to send water to the roof tank.(這個泵被用來把水輸送到屋頂水箱。)二、課文1. 文章內容解讀課文圍繞探尋石油這一主題展開。首先介紹了石油對于現代社會的重要性以及人們為尋找石油所做的各種努力,包括地質學家如何通過研究地質結構等進行勘探工作。接著講述了石油形成并儲藏在地殼內的相關原理,比如它可能被困在多孔且可滲透的巖石中,而上面會有不透水層覆蓋等情況,還提到了像重力、毛細管作用等因素對石油存在及開采的影響。最后描述了開采石油的一些基本方式,例如通過鉆井、取樣分析以及后續利用泵等設備進行提取等操作,呈現出石油探尋與開采這一復雜且專業性較強的過程。2. 重點句型講解“The search for oil has done much to improve deep drilling techniques, which have made it possible to drill holes several miles deep.”(探尋石油的活動大大推動了深層鉆探技術的發展,這使得鉆幾英里深的孔成為可能。)講解:此句中 “which have made it possible to drill holes several miles deep” 是一個非限定性定語從句,用來對先行詞 “deep drilling techniques” 進行補充說明,解釋了這些技術帶來的具體成果,讓句子的表意更豐富完整,同時體現了英語中利用從句使復雜邏輯清晰呈現的特點。“Were it not for the gravity, the oil would not be trapped in the reservoirs under the impermeable rock.”(要不是重力作用,石油就不會被困在不透水巖石下面的油藏里了。)講解:這是一個虛擬語氣的倒裝句,正常語序是 “If it were not for the gravity, the oil would not be trapped in the reservoirs under the impermeable rock.”,在虛擬條件句中,如果 if 引導的從句中有 were、had、should 時,可以把這些詞提前,省略 if 進行倒裝,這種句式結構常用于表達與事實相反的假設情況,使語言更具書面性和邏輯性。三、語法1. 非限定性定語從句定義:非限定性定語從句是對先行詞起補充說明作用的定語從句,它與主句之間往往用逗號隔開,即使去掉該從句,主句意思依然完整,它主要是為了提供額外的、相對次要的信息,對事物或人物做進一步的描述、解釋等。用法:常用關系代詞 which(指物)、who(指人)、whom(指人,作賓語)、whose(表示所屬關系)等來引導。例如:My hometown, which is famous for its beautiful scenery, attracts many tourists every year.(我的家鄉,因其美麗的風景而聞名,每年吸引很多游客。)“which is famous for its beautiful scenery” 就是對 “hometown” 的補充說明,去掉它不影響 “ My hometown attracts many tourists every year.” 這個主句的表意完整性。例句:The book, which I bought yesterday, is really interesting.(我昨天買的那本書真的很有趣。)2. 虛擬語氣定義:虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式,用來表示說話人所說的話并非事實,而是一種假設、愿望、建議、猜測、可能或主觀設想等。用法:常見的有與現在事實相反、與過去事實相反、與將來事實相反等不同情況,各自有對應的動詞形式變化。例如,與現在事實相反時,if 從句用一般過去時(be 動詞常用 were),主句用 “would/should/could/might + 動詞原形”;與過去事實相反時,if 從句用過去完成時,主句用 “would/should/could/might + have + 過去分詞”;與將來事實相反時,if 從句用 “were to + 動詞原形” 或 “should + 動詞原形”,主句用 “would/should/could/might + 動詞原形”。如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我會更努力學習。)(與現在事實相反);If he had come yesterday, we would have finished the work.(如果他昨天來了,我們就已經完成工作了。)(與過去事實相反)。例句:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.(如果明天下雨,我們就不去露營了。)(與將來事實相反)四、單句語法填空They are still in the ______ (search) for the missing child.(答案:search,“in search of” 是固定搭配,此處 “in the search for” 也表示 “尋找”,用名詞形式)The geologist took a ______ (sample) of the rock for analysis.(答案:sample,根據前面的不定冠詞 “a” 可知此處用名詞單數形式)Scientists need to ______ (analyse) the data carefully before drawing a conclusion.(答案:analyse,“need to do sth.” 是固定用法,意為 “需要做某事”,所以此處用動詞原形)The oil is trapped in the ______ (porous) rocks underground.(答案:porous,此處用形容詞修飾名詞 “rocks”,“porous” 表示 “多孔的”)An ______ (impermeable) layer prevents the oil from flowing out.(答案:impermeable,此處用形容詞修飾名詞 “layer”,“impermeable” 表示 “不透水的”)Were it not for his help, I ______ (be) in big trouble now.(答案:would be,根據虛擬語氣的用法,此處是與現在事實相反的假設,從句用倒裝形式 “Were it not for...”,主句用 “would + 動詞原形”,所以填 “would be”)The new technique has made it possible to ______ (extract) more oil from the reservoir.(答案:extract,“make it possible to do sth.” 是固定結構,意為 “使做某事成為可能”,所以此處用動詞原形)They used a powerful ______ (pump) to send the water to a higher place.(答案:pump,根據前面的不定冠詞 “a” 可知此處用名詞單數形式)The core of the earth consists of the ______ (mantle) and the core.(答案:mantle,定冠詞 “the” 后接名詞,“mantle” 表示 “地幔”,符合語境)The situation is very serious. We should fully understand the ______ (gravity) of it.(答案:gravity,定冠詞 “the” 后接名詞,“gravity” 表示 “嚴重性”,符合語境) 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫