資源簡介 謂語動詞基礎知識必過關時態的基本形式與常見時間狀語:常見時態 主動 被動 時間標記詞(包括固定句型)情態動詞+動詞原形 V情態+do V情態+ be done 常見情態動詞有can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must一般現在時 do/does am/is/are done every day, often, always, once a week等以及客觀規律和一貫狀態一般過去時 did was/were done last week; in 1998; ago; just now; previously; then; at the age of 5現在完成時 has/have done has/have been done 表示迄今為止的so far, up to now;yet 表示近來的recently等; 表示自從的ever since,since 1998及 從句為since+過去時間,主句用現完; 表示過去多少年以來的during/in/over the last(past) few years;for+一段時間; It is the first time that sb has done過去完成時 had done had been done by+ 過去時間,如by the end of last year/term/month; by then 表示“一.....就”的 Sb had hardly done... when; Sb had no sooner done... than....; 表示 “原以為、原打算”的 had thought/hoped/expected/intended現在進行時 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done right now; at the moment過去進行時 was/were doing was/were being done Sb was doing...when...; Sb was about to do....when一般將來時 will do; am/is/are going to do will be done; am/is/are going to be done tomorrow, next Friday; in two weeks, in the future,過去將來時 would do; am/is/are going to do would be done; was/were going to be done 一般將來時置于過去時態語境中就用過去將來時謂語動詞的語態:語態分為兩種:一種是主動語態,主語是謂語動詞的動作發出者,即主動關系;另一種是被動語態,主語是謂語動詞的動作承受者,即被動關系。1.被動語態的構成被動語態由“be+過去分詞”構成, be動詞隨著主語的人稱、數和句子時態的不同而變化。常見的被動語態結構:be done by sb/sth“get+過去分詞”表被動,其中get相當于be動詞。Some glasses got __________ (break) when we were moving.It is said/believed/thought/reported/expected that....表示據說/據報道/據預計....,此句型可變成:sb. is said/ believed/thought/reported/expected to do.....Eg. It is said that he will move to the South next year.=He is said to move to the South next year.It is believed that Tai Chi was invented by Zhang Sanfeng.=Tai Chi is believed to have been invented by Zhang Sanfeng.其他常見“It +be+過去分詞+that....”的形式主語句型還有It is suggested/required/estimated/acknowledged/well known that....It can be argued that.../It must be pointed out that.../It should be noted that...不用被動語態的情況:不及物動詞不用被動語態。系動詞不用被動語態。The cake tastes delicious. The flower smells sweet. He looks happy.固定搭配be worth doing, be to blame主動結構表被動意義。Eg. The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.該政策是造成歐洲最嚴重失業率的部分原因。謂語動詞的主謂一致:主謂一致是指句子謂語的變化形式由主語的人稱和數的形式決定。主謂一致通常遵循三個原則:語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。一、語法一致原則語法一致是指主語的單復數決定謂語動詞的單復數。 主語為單數名詞或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式;主語為復數名詞時,謂語動詞用復數形式。考點1:單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語、從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。考點2:主語后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, including, except等結構時,謂語動詞形式由主語的單復數決定,也就是說不受這些詞組影響。考點3:“a number of +可數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式;“the number of +可數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。二、意義一致原則意義一致是指謂語動詞不取決于主語的語法形式,而是由其意義決定。考點1:定語從句中謂語動詞的單復數取決于其先行詞的單復數。考點2: 分數/百分數+名詞做主語時,謂語動詞根據名詞的單復數形式決定。考點3:單復數同形的名詞(如means, species)以及集體名詞做主語時(如class,audience, family),根據具體語境表達的單復數含義來確定謂語動詞的單復數。考點4:數詞以及表示距離、金額、時間、重量等名詞(短語)作主語時,通常作為整體看待,謂語動詞用單數形式。考點5:“the + 形容詞”表示一類人時,謂語動詞用復數形式。這類詞有the poor, the homeless, the blind, the disabled, the young, the injured/wounded, the dead等。 “the + 姓氏的復數形式”表示某一家人,其作主語時,謂語動詞用復數形式。就近一致就近一致是指謂語動詞的數要與其最近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。考點1:在there be, here be, not...but..., not only ... but also ..., or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ... 等連接的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要和離它最近的主語保持一致。考點2:完全倒裝結構中,謂語動詞的單復數應與其實際主語名詞保持一致。如In front of the building ________ (be) some trees.附錄動詞第三人稱單數變化規則1)直接在動詞后+s.2)以 s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的動詞+ es,如:fix—fixes;teach—teaches等。3)以輔音+o 接尾的動詞+ es,如:go—goes;do—does 等。4)以輔音+y 接尾的動詞變 y 為 i+es,如:study —studies;carry—carries等;以元音+y 接尾的動詞,直接+ s,如:employ—employs;pay—pays 等。動詞-ing形式變化規則直接+ ing,如carry——carrying2)以不發音的e結尾的動詞,去e再+ ing,如write——writing;change-changing3)以重讀閉音節結尾,即以“輔+元+輔”結尾的動詞,雙寫最后一個輔音字母,再+ ing。高中課標內的重讀閉音節單詞有 admit, ban, beg, begin, chat, clap, control, dip(蘸), dig, drag, drop, equip, forget, get, hug, infer, nod, occur, pat, permit, plan, prefer, quit, regret, rob, shop, sit, skip, sob, star, step, stop, swim, tap(輕叩;開發), trap, win, wrap, cut, fit, hit, let, put, set, shut4) 特殊變形:die——dying;lie——lying;tie(系)——tyingpicnic(野炊)——picnicking;panic(驚慌)——panickingagree——agreeing; see——seeing;flee(逃跑)——fleeing動詞-ed形式變化規則直接+ed2) 以不發音的e結尾的詞直接+ d,如live-lived;hope-hoped 3) 以輔音字母+y結尾時,變 y為i,再+ ed,如study-studied;carry-carried以元音字母+y結尾時,+ ed,如play-played;stay-stayed; enjoy-enjoyed以重讀閉音節(輔+元+輔)結尾的詞,要雙寫最后的輔音字母,然后再+ed。特殊變形(內容太多,見課本最后的單詞變形表) 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫