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高考語法填空精講練
專題一 謂語動詞
Part 1 判斷謂語與非謂語
考點簡圖
真題練習
1. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ___________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全國乙卷)
2. Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守時). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ___①___ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. Years later, ___②___ (move) to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest ___③___ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (2023·北京卷)
① ___________ ② ___________ ③ ___________
1. means 分析句子結構可知, 空處作謂語, 由前后時態可知, 此處用一般現在時, 主語為“The remarkable development of this city”, 謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數。故填means。
2. ① would throw 考查時態。句意: 搬到瑞士后不久, 我要舉辦一個喬遷派對, 當所有30位客人都準時出現時, 我感到非常驚訝。表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或呈現的狀態應用過去將來時。故填would throw。
② having moved 考查非謂語動詞。空處作狀語, move先于主句謂語turned up之前發生, 故用having done 作狀語, 填having moved。
③ had arrived 考查時態。句意: 多年以后, 搬到法國, 我在約定的時間赴宴, 卻發現沒有其他客人到場, 女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”, 應用過去完成時。故填had arrived。
好題練習
一、單句語法填空
1. The experience of growing, picking and using herbs you’ve grown yourself has a positive impact on your mental health, ___________ (create) positive sensory experiences as well as a sense of accomplishment.
2. He and his colleagues had been in Madagascar for 10 days searching for a bird last ___________ (see) more than two decades ago.
3. The artist Alexandre Falguiere, ___________ (serve) in the French military, made a large snow-woman sitting on a snow cannon and named her La Résistance (“The Resistance”), who ___________ (become) a national symbol of France’s fight to remain independent.
1. creating 空處作狀語, 表自然而然的結果, 應用現在分詞, 填creating。
2. seen 本句已有謂語, 故空處作非謂語, see與a bird是邏輯上的動賓關系, 故用過去分詞作后置定語。
3. serving; became 分析句子結構可知, 第一空作定語, 應用非謂語動詞, The artist與serve是邏輯上的主謂關系, 應用現在分詞作定語, 填serving; 第二空在who引導的定語從句中作謂語, 從句謂語與主句謂語時態一致, 應用一般過去時, 故填became。
(serve) in the French military), on a snow cannon) (“The Resistance”), fight) to remain independent).
二、篇章語法填空
The whole scene was almost overwhelming. The main street of the village was lined with two long rows of low wooden tables, which ① ___________ (stretch) as far as I could see, more than a hundred end on end. And every table ② ___________ (weigh) down with Hani festive foods: small fish, ③ ___________ (raise) in rice fields and fried until crackling-crisp; poached chicken and roast duck; boiled peanuts; and rounds of golden corn.
Everyone, including the children, ④ ___________ (drink) bowls of rice wine or the local Lancang River beer. ⑤ ___________ (begin) with a shout at one end of the street, a toast spread in a wave to the other end, and each table ⑥ ___________ (stand) in rapid succession to toast the table next to them. Barely had the food ⑦ ___________ (touch), but everyone was already red-cheeked and rolling-drunk, telling funny stories and singing songs, with waves of toasting ⑧ ___________ (rise) up and down the street every few minutes. serious eats
① stretched 空處為從句謂語, which指代tables, tables與stretch是主動關系, 主句為一般過去時, 故從句用一般過去時, 填stretched。
② was weighed 此處作謂語, 指過去的動作, every table 與weigh down是被動關系, 故用一般過去時的被動語態, 填was weighed。weigh... down... “壓得……難以移動; 壓彎”。
③ raised 空處作定語修飾small fish, raise與small fish 是邏輯上的動賓關系, 應用過去分詞作后置定語, 填raised。
④ was drinking 此處作謂語, 指過去這個場景中正在發生的動作, 應用過去進行時, including 連接兩個并列主語, 謂語的數與everyone一致, 應用第三人稱單數, 故填was drinking。
⑤ Beginning 本句已有謂語, 空處作非謂語, a toast 與begin是邏輯上的主謂關系, 應用現在分詞作狀語, 句首首字母需大寫, 故填Beginning。
with a shout at one end of the street}, in_a_wave (stand) ).
翻譯: 一聲吶喊從街道一端響起, 干杯的熱潮如波浪般傳遍整條街, 每一桌的人都紛紛起身, 與隔壁桌上的人交杯對慶。
⑥ stood 空處作謂語, 且指過去的動作, 用一般過去時。此處table為熟詞生義, 意為“一桌人”。
⑦ been touched 此處是倒裝句, barely “幾乎不; 幾乎沒有”置于句首, 用倒裝, 空處作謂語, “幾乎沒動過”表先于主句“喝得滿臉通紅, 酩酊大醉”之前的動作, 應用過去完成時, food與touch 是被動關系, 應用過去完成時的被動語態。空前已有助動詞had, 故填been touched。合成詞: red-cheeked “臉頰泛紅的”; rolling-drunk “酩酊大醉的”。長難句分析:
Barely had (touch), drunk, (rise) up and down the street every few minutes」.
翻譯: 食物幾乎沒動過, 但每個人早已喝得滿臉通紅, 酩酊大醉, 講有趣的故事的, 唱歌的, 街上每隔幾分鐘就會掀起一陣陣干杯的浪潮。
⑧ rising 此處是with復合結構, waves 與rise是邏輯上的主謂關系, 應用現在分詞作賓補, 填rising。
Part 2 謂語命題角度
動詞時態
解題思路
考點簡圖
真題練習
1. As a little girl, I ___________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
2. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3. In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. (2022·全國甲卷)
4. The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復). (2021·全國甲卷)
5. The use of those plastics ___________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. (2022·北京卷)
6. He quickly ___________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
7. To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony. (2022·全國乙卷)
8. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ___________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江首考)
9. Henry ___________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
10. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ___________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷改編)
11. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:...
● Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices....
● Make sure that the tourism ___________ (provide) experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. (2021·全國乙卷改編)
12. The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school ___________ (cancel) the party. (2022·天津卷)
1. wished 根據空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知, 空處講的是作者小時候的愿望, 故時態應用一般過去時, 故填wished。live out that dream “實現那個夢想”。
2. was 分析句子可知, “how hard it ___________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語, it是從句的形式主語, 不定式為真正的主語, 謂語動詞用單數形式。根據從句中的then可知, 此處陳述過去的事情, 應用一般過去時。故填was。
3. has walked 根據時間狀語In the last five years可知, 此處應用現在完成時, 主語Cao為第三人稱單數, 助動詞用has。故填has walked。
4. was built 分析句子可知, 空處為謂語, 主語it指代上一句中的The Xi’an City Wall, 與動詞build之間是被動關系, 應用被動語態; 又由時間狀語in the Tang Dynasty可知, 該句用一般過去時, 主語為第三人稱單數, 謂語應用單數, 故填was built。build_(建造)—built—built。
5. has increased 根據句中since 2019, 可知此處用現在完成時。主語The use of those plastics為單數含義, 助動詞用has。故填has increased。
6. threw 設空處與and 后面的 started為并列謂語, 空處應用一般過去時, 故填過去式threw。
7. addressed 空處作謂語, 且與上一句中的謂語took place時態一致, 應用一般過去時, 故填addressed。address在本句中為動詞, 意為“致辭; 演講”。
8. featured 分析句子結構可知, 空處需填謂語動詞, 下一句主從句謂語 (formed / were) 都為一般過去時, 故空處應用一般過去時。故填featured。feature “以……為特色 ; 以……為主要組成”。
9. was fixing 此處是固定句式was / were doing sth. when... 表“正在做某事, 這時……”。此處為Henry正在修車, 這時他突然聽到尖叫聲。主語為第三人稱單數, 故填 was fixing。
10. are 分析句子結構可知, 空處在once引導的從句中作謂語, 主句謂語是一般將來時, 故once引導的從句用一般現在時, 主語是you, 故填are。
humans are].
11. provides make sure 后接賓語從句, 謂語常用一般現在時, 主語是the tourism, 故謂語用第三人稱單數形式, 填provides。
12. had cancelled “學校取消派對”發生在found out 之前, 表“過去的過去”, 應用過去完成時, 填had cancelled。
好題練習
一、單句語法填空
1. In the 2000s, Evelyn ___________ (turn) her attention to the crisis of climate change and to communicating with a skeptical public.
2. At present, I don’t know of any AI program with drive, but it ___________ (be) certainly conceivable (可想象的).
3. Currently, the American Federation for Aging Research ___________ (prepare) a series of six-year clinical trials.
4. Since the 1980s, Japan ___________ (take) a creative approach to beautifying its manhole covers.
5. Then he floated on his back until he felt calm. Since then, he ___________ (go) into the creek each day.
6. Since its foundation in 2005, the nonprofit ___________ (supply) more than 18, 000 children and adults with everything from adaptive strollers to hospital beds, all donated.
7. They __________ (take) off the chains that had protected their own tyres and put them on that car’s tyres rapidly.
8. Tang suit ___________ (have) a great influence on the clothing styles of other countries up till now.
9. Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically changes the water flow of the Min River and channels it into irrigation. For more than 2, 000 years, the dam ___________ (continue) to make the most of the water protection works.
10. Good evening, everybody. Professor King ___________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
11. A colleague and I ___________ (discuss) where to go camping when a man nearby interrupted.
12. It ___________ (be) two decades since my wife and I bought the tree.
13. By the time Brad left for college, he ___________ (grow) emotionally distant from his father and, ultimately, they had no relationship.
14. It is the first time in her life she ___________ (camp) and slept outdoors.
15. They ___________ (talk) about families and parents, about loss, pain and regret. They told each other they ___________ (waste) too many years being estranged.
16. Seeing how the work helped him, in 2018 he ___________ (found) Hives for Heroes, a Houston-based nonprofit that ___________ (teach) more than 1, 200 troubled veterans (老兵) to tend their own hives.
17. It is a technology that senses the environment and, upon entering the destination, ___________ (find) its way without human intervention.
18. Whether you ___________ (plan) to visit the Great Wall for the first time or the 50th, the following destinations are sure to make your trip to China even more worthwhile.
19. As Xizhazi is a small village, buses ___________ (be) scarce so it can take up to five hours to get there by public transport, as opposed to 90 minutes by car.
20. International Chinese Language Day __________ (fall) on April 20, and this year a series of celebrations, themed Together for the Future, were held by three different organizations at home and abroad successfully.
21. The origin of yunjin can be traced to the late Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), when General Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin kingdom and ___________ (bring) the kingdom’s craftsmen from Chang’an to the then capital Nanjing.
22. A team of scientists set out to measure the brainwaves of an 87-year-old patient who ___________ (develop) epilepsy (癲癇) for many years.
1. turned 句中時間狀語是In the 2000s, 故該句用一般過去時, 填turned。
2. is 句中時間狀語是At present, 故用一般現在時, 填is。
3. is preparing 句中時間狀語是Currently, 故該句用現在進行時, 填is preparing。
4. has taken 句中時間狀語是Since the 1980s, 故用現在完成時, 填has taken。
5. has gone / has been going 句中時間狀語是Since then, 故用現在完成時, 此處也可強調一直持續的動作, 用現在完成進行時, 填has gone / has been going。
6. has supplied 句中時間狀語是Since its foundation in 2005, 故該句用現在完成時, 填has supplied。
7. took 句意: 他們摘下保護自己輪胎的鏈條, 迅速把它們放在那輛汽車輪胎上。結合句意和空后的had protected可知, 事情發生在過去, 主句用一般過去時, 故填took。
8. has had 空處作謂語, 句中時間狀語是 up till now, 故用現在完成時, 故填has had。
9. has continued 句意: 兩千多年以來, 都江堰一直發揮著最大的防洪作用。根據時間狀語For more than 2, 000 years可知為現在完成時, 主語為dam, 助動詞用has。故填has continued。
10. will be delivering / will deliver 句意: 大家晚上好, 金教授馬上要發表演講, 但(開始之前)讓我先介紹一下他。根據語境和標志詞in a moment (立即, 即將, 一會兒)的提示, 可知教授的演講還未開始, 用將來時態(一般將來時或將來進行時), 故填will be delivering / will deliver。
11. were discussing was / were doing sth. when... “正在做……這時……”, 故填were discussing。
12. has been / is 固定句式It has been / is + 時間段 + since..., 空處用一般現在時或現在完成時。
13. had grown By the time引導時間狀語從句, 從句是一般過去時, 主句用過去完成時。
14. has camped 該句是It is the first time that句式, 從句謂語用現在完成時, 填has camped。
15. talked; had wasted 第一空與第二句謂語時態一致, 應用一般過去時, 填talked; 第二空作從句謂語, waste先于told之前發生, 表過去的過去, 應用過去完成時, 故填had wasted。
16. founded; has taught 據第一空前的時間狀語in 2018可知, 謂語用一般過去時, 故填founded; 第二空指從該組織成立后到現在已經教了1 200多名老兵, 應用現在完成時, that引導的從句修飾名詞nonprofit, 故謂語用單數, 填has taught。
17. finds 句意: 這是一種可以感知環境的技術, 一旦進入目的地, 就可以在沒有人為干預的情況下找到自己的路。分析句子可知, 空處和senses并列, 作that引導的定語從句的謂語, 時態為一般現在時, find也應用第三人稱單數形式。故填finds。
18. are planning 此處表正要或將要發生的動作, 用現在進行時表將來, 填are planning。
19. are 從句是一般現在時, 故主句用一般現在時, 主語buses是復數名詞, 故填are。
20. falls 句意: 4月20日是國際漢語日, 今年, 國內外三個不同的組織成功舉辦了一系列以“攜手共創未來”為主題的慶祝活動。fall on(適逢)作謂語動詞, 與主語International Chinese Language Day之間是主動關系, 陳述客觀事實用一般現在時, 又因主語是專有名詞, 表節日, 謂語動詞應用單數, 故填falls。
21. brought 句意: 云錦的起源可以追溯到東晉末年(317-420), 當時劉裕將軍擊敗了后秦, 并將工匠從長安帶到當時的首都南京。分析句子, 空處作謂語, 根據前文的并列謂語defeated及句意可知, 句子表述過去事實, 故用一般過去時, 填brought。
22. had developed 句意: 一組科學家開始測量一名患有癲癇多年的87歲患者的腦電波。根據句中set可知, 本句使用一般過去時, 分析句子結構可知, who引導修飾先行詞patient的定語從句, 并在句中作主語, 空處作謂語, 且develop發生在set out之前, 為“過去的過去”, 故用過去完成時。填had developed。
二、篇章語法填空
Looking back, I’ve come to realize it was my frequent visits to different parts of the Great Wall in Beijing that ① ___________ (be) a driving force behind my desire to explore the rest of the country and, along with it, the many sections of the wall that lie outside the capital’s boundaries. Work on the Great Wall ② ___________ (begin) more than 2, 500 years ago, its origins dating back to China’s Spring and Autumn Period of around 770 BCE to 476 BCE. Various sections were added in subsequent eras as competing dynasties and factions (派系) ③ ___________ (seek) to exert (施加) their control. Work eventually ④ ___________ (stop) in the 17th century. Though not a single, unbroken structure, the wall spans over 21, 000 kilometers, winding through 15 provinces, 97 prefectures and 404 counties. And while certain sections have been incredibly popular among tourists, many parts ⑤ ___________ (slip) into obscurity (默默無聞), disrepair and sometimes oblivion (遺忘). CNN
① were 強調句中it后是一般過去時, 故that后用一般過去時, 該句強調my frequent visits, 故此處謂語用復數, 填were。
② began 根據句中時間狀語more than 2, 500 years ago可知, 該句用一般過去時, 故填began。begin(開始)—began—begun—beginning。
③ sought 主句是一般過去時, 故從句用一般過去時, 填sought。
④ stopped 該句時間狀語是in the 17th century, 故謂語用一般過去時, 填stopped。
⑤ have slipped while引導的從句是現在完成時, 故主句用現在完成時, 填have slipped。slip into... “陷入, 進入……處境”。
動詞語態
解題思路
考點簡圖
真題練習
1. The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (資產) for future generations”. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷 )
2. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遺產) while constantly growing. (2023·全國乙卷)
3. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ___________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江首考)
4. But how can a painting ___________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind (2022·浙江卷)
5. The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
6. The artist was sure he would ___________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (全國卷Ⅲ)
1. is designed 句意: GPNP旨在體現“保護自然生態系統的真實性和完整性, 保護生物多樣性, 保護生態緩沖區, 為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產”的指導原則。設空處在句中作謂語, 和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關系; 敘述客觀事實, 應用一般現在時。故設空處應為一般現在時的被動語態, 主語為單數, 謂語用單數形式。故填is designed。
2. was amazed 句意: 在過去的10年里, 我來過幾次, 我驚嘆于新與舊的共存, 以及一個城市如何能夠在不斷發展的同時保留如此豐富的遺產。主語I和amaze之間是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 根據and后的was able to可知, 此處用一般過去時的被動語態, 故填was amazed。
3. were permitted 空處在句中作謂語, 主語Citizens of higher social classes與其為被動關系, 又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知, 此處用一般過去時的被動語態, 故填were permitted。
4. be appreciated 主語a painting與動詞appreciate是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 此處是含有情態動詞的被動語態, 空前已有情態動詞can, 故填be appreciated。
5. are called 根據下一句的時態并結合此處描述的是客觀情況可知, 該句應用一般現在時; 主語The parts 與call是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 且主語The parts 是復數概念。故填are called。
6. be chosen 本句主語he與choose是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 且would后跟動詞原形。故填be chosen。choose(選擇)—chose—chosen—choosing。
好題練習
一、單句語法填空
1. There are plenty of islands in the world, but Surtsey is one of the youngest, with the lightest of human footprints; only a few researchers ___________ (allow) to visit it each year.
2. It is amazing the difference this has made: now it ___________ (surround) by plants, trees and wildlife, with all the benefits attached to that transformation.
3. A total of 14 street cats ___________ (gather) at France’s space agency for selection as cat astronauts, but the cats were not given names on purpose in order to prevent scientists from becoming too fond of them.
4. His younger sister had announced her engagement and a wedding date ___________ (set) for a Duncan Falls church.
5. Our society ___________ (base) on the principle that people work for money, which they use to buy things and pay taxes. What ___________ (leave) of society if most people can’t get money by working
6. Rapamycin(雷帕霉素), meanwhile, increases lifespan and health span in animals and ___________ (test) as an anti-ageing drug in dogs currently.
7. So, very early on, contact between different British dialects ___________ (occur) in the settlements, and this led to the appearance of new, mixed dialects not precisely like any of those which ___________ (speak) in their homeland.
8. Kites, which were invented over 2, 000 years ago in China, ___________ (believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.
1. are allowed 句中時間狀語是each year, 故該句用一般現在時, 主語researchers與allow是被動關系, 故用一般現在時的被動語態, 填are allowed。
2. is surrounded now, 用一般現在時, 主語與surround是被動關系, 故用一般現在時的被動語態。
3. were gathered 主語cats與動詞gather是被動關系, 表示這些貓是被收集起來的, 應用被動語態, 空處與but后的謂語were時態一致, 應用一般過去時的被動語態, 故填were gathered。
4. had been set 空處與句中已有的謂語動詞had announced時態一致, 應用過去完成時, 主語date與set為被動關系, 用過去完成時的被動語態, 填had been set。
5. is based; will be left 從句是一般現在時, 故第一空是一般現在時, 主語society與base是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 填is based; 第二空從句是一般現在時, 主句用一般將來時, 主語what與leave是被動關系, 故用一般將來時的被動語態, 填will be left。
6. is being tested 句中時間狀語是currently, 故此處表正在進行, 用現在進行時, 主語Rapamycin與test是被動關系, 應用現在進行時的被動語態, 填is being tested。
7. occurred; were spoken 第一空occur是不及物動詞, 無被動語態, 句中時間狀語是very early on, 故用一般過去時, 填occurred; 第二空在從句中作謂語, 先行詞是those, 與speak是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 且謂語的數與those一致, 故謂語用復數形式, 從句謂語與主句謂語led to 時態一致, 應用一般過去時的被動語態, 填were spoken。
8. are believed 句意: 2 000多年前在中國發明的風箏被認為是人類創造的最早的飛行物體。分析句子可知, 空處為謂語動詞, 主語為復數名詞Kites, 和動詞believe為被動關系, 結合句意可知, 陳述客觀事實, 所以用一般現在時的被動語態。故填are believed。
二、篇章語法填空
Italian opera singing ① ___________ (recognise) on a UN cultural heritage list in a move hailed as an acknowledgment of a “living art form”. Italian opera made its debut in the late 1500s in Florence and went on to generate many world-renowned composers. UNESCO, the UN’s cultural agency, said, “Italian opera singing ② ___________ (grant) a place on its intangible cultural heritage list, joining other Italian practices such as the art of pizza-making. Performed by people of all genders, Italian opera is associated with specific facial expressions and body gestures and involves a combination of music, drama, acting and staging. ” The first opera in Italy ③ ___________ (consider) to be Jacopo Peri’s Dafne, performed in Florence in 1598 for the court of the Medici family. the Guardian
① is recognised / has been recognised 主語Italian opera singing與recognise是被動關系, 應用被動語態。根據語境 “被認為上了聯合國文化遺產名錄” , 可理解為客觀事實, 也可理解為 “已經”。
② is granted / has been granted 主語Italian opera singing 與grant “給予”是被動關系, 應用被動語態。此處可理解為客觀事實，也可理解為“已被給予”。
③ is considered 主語The first opera 與consider是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 此處指客觀事實, 應用一般現在時, 故用一般現在時的被動語態, 填is considered。
主謂一致
考點簡圖
真題練習
1. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___________ (be) previously unprotected. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
2. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)
3. Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ___________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. (2022·天津卷)
4. Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
5. Gas naturally ___________ (have) no recognisable smell. (2022·北京卷)
6. As it __________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (2021·北京卷)
7. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance. (全國卷Ⅱ)
8. The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ___________ (remain) around that level ever since. (天津卷)
1. were 空處在that引導的限制性定語從句中作謂語, 根據“previously (之前地)”可知, 從句的時態應為一般過去時。先行詞a significant number of areas為復數, 關系代詞that指代先行詞, 在從句中作主語, be動詞用復數形式, 故填were。
2. was 根據前一句的謂語動詞時態和定語從句的謂語動詞wrote可知, 此處描述發生在過去的事情, 用一般過去時; “one of + 形容詞最高級 + 可數名詞復數”結構中, 謂語動詞用單數, 故填was。
3. prepares 句意: 批判性推理和解決問題的能力有助于青少年做出更好的決定。短語together with / along with / as well as, etc連接兩個并列的名詞或代詞(短語)作主語時, 謂語動詞的數由該結構前的名詞或代詞(短語)決定, 句子主語為Critical reasoning, 謂語動詞應用單數形式, 此處為客觀陳述, 應用一般現在時, 故填prepares。
4. is the number of “……的數目”, 后接可數名詞的復數形式, 謂語動詞用單數。根據主句的時態可知, 從句用一般現在時。故填is。
5. has 空處作謂語, 此處陳述客觀事實, 應用一般現在時, 且主語Gas在此處指的是氣體的統稱, 為不可數名詞, 所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。故填has。
6. connects 由主句謂語動詞turns可知, 空處從句的謂語動詞需用一般現在時, 主語是第三人稱單數it, 空處謂語動詞需用單數。故填connects。
7. carries 從句主語為動名詞短語“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”, 謂語動詞用單數。
8. has remained 根據句中時間狀語ever since“從那以后”可知, 該句用現在完成時。主語為The number of medical schools, the number of 表“……的數目”, 修飾復數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數形式。remain “保持”是不及物動詞, 無被動語態, 故填has remained。
好題練習
一、單句語法填空
1. Since 2011, 40% of America’s bee colonies ___________ (lose) to pesticides, pests and climate change.
2. “Having a plant __________ (do) not immediately or directly impact mental health processes, ” says Keith.
3. To cook a Chinese scallion pancake (cong you bing) ___________ (be) easy. Start by scattering the scallions into the dough (面團). Next, you need to add the oil.
4. Visitors to Beijing now have a new way to enjoy the charm of the capital by taking a boat trip on the Grand Canal, a major waterway which ___________ (link) Beijing and Hangzhou. It is 1, 794 km long and ___________ (have) a history of more than 2, 500 years.
5. The Peony Pavilion, written by playwright Tang Xianzu, who ___________ (compare) to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.
6. What the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ___________ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain.
7. The flowing water goes around the hall to the north, and by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ___________ (be) artificial hills.
8. Much of the world’s electronic waste will not be recycled, reused or even disposed of in a safe and controlled manner. Only around 17. 5 percent ___________ (record) as recycled in 2019.
9. This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, ___________ (be) designed initially to control the water flow throughout the year.
10. After the plane landed, Mr. Anton found he received a flood of messages. Some ___________ (be) from supportive colleagues, but many harshly criticized his work.
11. Each pancake ___________ (cook) on a circular cast-iron grill, just the way you want it.
12. And up until maybe 5 or 10 years ago, the number of English-language recipes for Chinese dishes you could find in a cookbook or on the Internet ___________ (be) still extremely limited.
1. have been lost 句中時間狀語是Since 2011, 故用現在完成時, 主語是“百分數 + of + 復數名詞colonies”, 故謂語用復數, colonies與lose是被動關系, 故填have been lost。
2. does 空處作謂語, 主語是動名詞, 謂語用單數, 根據該句已有謂語says, 此處用一般現在時。
3. is 句意: 做蔥油餅很容易。空處為謂語動詞, 此處表客觀事實, 時態應用一般現在時; 主語為To cook a Chinese scallion pancake, 視作單數, 謂語動詞用單數形式。故填is。
4. links; has 分析句子結構可知, which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞a major waterway, 設空在which引導的定語從句中作謂語, 動詞的數與先行詞的數一致, 主句是一般現在時, 故從句用一般現在時, 第一空填links; 第二空在句中作謂語, 且與句中已有的動詞is時態一致, 主語是it, 謂語用單數形式。
5. is compared 句意: 被比作莎士比亞的劇作家湯顯祖所著的《牡丹亭》至今仍受到世界各地粉絲的喜愛。該句陳述客觀事實, 關系代詞 who 指代 Tang Xianzu, 表單數意義, 和動詞 compare 之間為被動關系, 用一般現在時的被動語態, 故填 is compared。
6. was considered 句意: 當時駐扎在加拿大溫哥華的研究小組意外得到的東西被認為是第一份關于垂死的大腦的記錄。根據got可知,一般過去時。what the team accidentally got作主語, 空處應作謂語, 且與句子主語構成被動關系, 應用被動語態, 從句在句中作主語, be動詞應用單數。
7. are “by the other side of the pool in front of the hall ___________ (be) artificial hills” 是全部倒裝句, 空處作謂語, 由已有的謂語 goes 可知, 用一般現在時, 主語為 artificial hills, 故謂語動詞用are。
8. was recorded 空處在句中作謂語, 根據時間狀語in 2019, 該動作發生在過去; 17. 5 percent之后省略了 of the world’s electronic waste, 謂語應使用單數, 且主語和record之間為被動關系, 應用一般過去時的被動語態, 故填was recorded。
9. was 句意: 這個著名的景點, 魚嘴, 連同另外兩個重要的部分, 即飛沙堰和寶瓶口, 最初是為了控制全年的水流而設計的。根據initially可知為一般過去時, 且謂語應與This famous attraction保持一致。
10. were 空處所在分句為主系表結構, 敘述的是過去發生的事情, 主語 Some為不定代詞, 指代前面的復數名詞messages, 謂語用復數, 故填were。
11. is cooked 句意: 每個煎餅都是在圓形鑄鐵烤架上烤的, 就像你想要的那樣。煎餅是被烤, 應用被動語態, the way后的定語從句是一般現在時, 此處用一般現在時, 故空處用一般現在時的被動語態, 主語each pancake是單數, 故填is cooked。
12. was 句意: 直到大約5年或10年前, 你可以在食譜或網上找到的英文版中國菜食譜的數量仍很有限。分析句子結構可知, 主句為主系表結構, 主語為“the number of + 復數名詞”形式, 謂語用單數, 該動作發生在過去, 故填was。
二、篇章語法填空
Nearly half of all bird species are in decline and one in eight of them ① ___________ (endanger) with extinction. So, choosing which should take priority ② ___________ (be) not easy. The Search for Lost Birds, a collaboration between Re: wild, American Bird Conservancy (ABC) and BirdLife International, ③ ___________ (focus) on “lost” species: ones with no captive population that haven’t been verifiably documented for over a decade, but that aren’t yet classified as extinct. There ④ ___________ (be) around 140 of these. New Scientist
① are endangered 主語與endanger是被動關系, 應用被動語態, 且one in eight of them指八分之一的鳥類物種, 故謂語用復數, and前的謂語是一般現在時, 故此處用一般現在時的被動語態,。
② is 該句主語是動名詞短語, 故謂語用單數, 根據前一句時態可知, 此處用一般現在時, 填is。
③ focuses 該句主語是The Search for Lost Birds, 謂語用單數形式, 前文是一般現在時。
④ are there be句式中謂語的數與be動詞后名詞around 140 of these的數一致, 故填are。
Part 3 謂語動詞非常規考法
動詞構詞規律
考點簡圖
真題練習
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. (全國卷Ⅰ)
strengthen 語境表“鍛煉以增強你腿上的肌肉”, 此處to是不定式符號, 其后用動詞原形。
好題練習
1. Health policy specialists say the move will likely ___________ (wide) the country’s health inequalities.
2. We’re trying to ___________ (sure) all of our employees are respected, included, and able to perform at their best.
3. In the process of creating the civilized city, we all should do our best to ________ (beauty) our community.
4. I am about to ___________ (apology) to the boy, but he is gone.
5. Daily practice ___________ (able) me to speak English fluently in class.
1. widen 空處作謂語, 且空前是情態動詞will, 故填widen。
2. ensure 空前是不定式符號to, 故空處填動詞原形, sure的動詞形式是ensure “確保”。
3. beautify do one’s best to do sth. 為固定搭配, 故空處應用動詞原形。
4. apologize be about to do sth. 為固定搭配, 所以此處要用名詞apology的動詞形式apologize。
5. enables 空處作謂語, 形容詞able要變為動詞, 表示“使能夠”, 加前綴en-轉化為enable, 同時還要注意主語為Daily practice, practice為不可數名詞, 謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數形式。
特殊句式中的謂語
考點簡圖
真題練習
1. You shouldn’t __________ (scold) him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. (天津卷)
2. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t ___________ (be) where I am. (江蘇卷)
3. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ___________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. (天津卷)
4. They might have found a better hotel if they ___________ (drive) a few more kilometers. (北京卷)
5. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ___________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. (江蘇卷)
1. have scolded 此處表示“本不該”, shouldn’t have done指做了本不該做的事。
2. be 此處是錯綜時間虛擬語氣, 根據空后where I am可知, 主句是與現在事實相反的假設, 主句謂語動詞應用would do形式。空前已有wouldn’t, 故填be。
3. have accomplished 根據空前的“The workers were not better organized”及otherwise可知, 這是對過去情況的含蓄的虛擬。表示與過去事實相反的假設, 其句子結構相當于: 從句: If + 主語 + 過去完成時 + 其他, 主句: 主語 + should (would、 could、 might) + have done + 其他。
4. had driven 由主句謂語“might have found”可知, if從句是對過去事實的假設, 從句用過去完成時。
5. had wish 后為賓語從句, 表示與現在事實相反的愿望, 從句謂語用一般過去時, 故填had。
好題練習
1. At present, there is no established measure of ageing that could ___________ (use) to assess whether an experimental catch-all drug is working.
2. If we __________ (lose) to another late goal, it could have had massive consequences for the team’s confidence.
3. Nuri would drive his 2018 Toyota Camry to every state in the Lower 48 on a 100-day trip to find 1, 000 strangers and ask them to share one thing they wish they ___________ (know) when they were younger.
4. Doctors also began using it to mask the unpleasant taste of medicines—and some doctors today still suggest that parents ___________ (try) that.
5. My recommendation is that everyone ___________ (foster) hobbies that don’t include screens—hiking, biking, gardening.
6. He insisted she ___________ (arrest) on charges of touching his clothes.
7. It is high time that you ___________ (give) yourself permission to do something that you like.
1. be used 主語measure與use是被動關系, 空前是情態動詞could, 故空處填be used。
2. had lost 主句是could have done, 故此處是對過去的假設, 從句用過去完成時, 填had lost。
3. had known 根據when they were younger, wish賓語從句是對過去的假設, 故從句謂語用過去完成時。
4. (should) try suggest 表“建議”, 其后接賓語從句, 從句謂語用should do, should可省略。
5. (should) foster 該句是my recommendation 的表語從句, 謂語用should do 形式, should可省略。
6. should be arrested insist在句中意為 “堅決要求”,從句用should do形式, 主語與arrest是被動關系。
7. should give / gave 該句是It is high time that句式, 從句謂語用should do或一般過去時。

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