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高中英語課文翻譯新人教版必修二Unit 4（英漢對照）
【Reading and Thinking】
WHAT’S IN A NAME
名為何物？
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
聯合王國、大不列顛、英國、英格蘭——這些不同的名稱是何意思，許多人感到困惑。那么，如果這些名稱有區別的話，區別何在？稍微了解一下英國歷史，就可以幫助你解開這個謎題。
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
十六世紀時，鄰國威爾士并入英格蘭王國。隨后，蘇格蘭在十八世紀也加入進來，從而誕生了大不列顛王國。十九世紀時，愛爾蘭王國加入，組成了大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合王國。最后，在二十世紀時，愛爾蘭南部脫離了聯合王國，形成了今天的英國全稱：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國。大多數人只是使用簡稱：“聯合王國”。聯合王國的人被稱為“英國人”，這意味著聯合王國也經常被稱為英國或大不列顛。
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
同屬于聯合王國的這四個國家在某些領域緊密合作。像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣，他們也使用同一面國旗。然而，它們之間仍有諸多區別。例如，英格蘭、威爾土、蘇格蘭及北愛爾蘭實行不同的教育和法律制度。它們也有各自的傳統，比如有自己的國慶節和本國菜肴。它們甚至擁有自己的足球隊，出征諸如“世界杯”之類的賽事！
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
英國歷史源遠流長、別有趣味，等待你去探索，幫助你更加深入地了解這一國家及其傳統。英國歷史上有四個不同民族在不同歷史時期執掌這個國家。無論你身處英國何方，這些民族的遺跡都隨處可見。第一族群是古羅馬人，于公元一世紀進入英國。羅馬人的偉大成就在于他們建立了城鎮、修建了道路。之后是盎格魯—撒克遜人，于公元五世紀到達英國。他們引入了英語的雛形，并改變了人們建造房屋的方式。維京人于公元八世紀到來，留下了諸多新的詞匯，并給英國境內的許多地方命名。最后一個是諾曼人。十一世紀著名的黑斯廷斯戰役之后，諾曼人征服了英格蘭，四處修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。諾曼人即為法國人，許多法語單詞因此慢慢進入了英語。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
英國的歷史文化引人入勝，可學之處比比皆是。學習這個國家的歷史，你的英國之旅將更為愉快。以首都倫敦為第一站，是個不錯的選擇。倫敦是一個古老的港口城市，其歷史可以追溯到羅馬時代。市內可供游覽的歷史遺址數不勝數，還有許多博物館陳列著來自英國各地的文物。在英國，歷史與現代文化交融，新舊傳統并存，引人入勝。用心去觀察，英國的過去與現在都將展示在你面前，令你嘆為觀止。
【Reading for Writing】
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS
美麗的愛爾蘭及其傳統
Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
一直以來，愛爾蘭的美麗鄉村對當地的人民和傳統產生著深遠的影響。愛爾蘭有著孕育偉大作家和詩人的悠久傳統。美麗的鄉村給人以激情和靈感，滿足各種感官享受。“綠寶石（愛爾蘭）島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。海邊波浪咆哮，海鳥鳴叫，奏響了海岸交響樂。山里寧靜的早晨，感受陽光灑落在你身上，呼吸著鮮花的芬芳，而鳥兒則用清晨的歌聲迎接新的一天的到來。這般美景，自然造就了愛爾蘭獨特的民間傳統，如音樂、舞蹈及菜肴等。要想體驗這一切，可以去一家鄉村酒吧，喝一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒，放松身心。更為美妙的是，可品嘗美味的愛爾蘭傳統燉牛肉。運氣好的話，你還可以欣賞到傳統的音樂和舞蹈。向友善的當地人做個自我介紹，你定能親身體驗當地的文化和習俗。

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