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高中英語課文翻譯新人教版選擇性必修三 Unit 5（英漢對照）
【Reading and Thinking】
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
英文詩歌的幾種簡單形式
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人們寫詩的原因多種多樣。有的詩歌講述一個故事，有的在讀者心中描繪出一個意象，還有的詩歌則試圖傳達特定的情感，如喜悅和悲傷。詩歌的顯著特點通常包括精練的用詞、生動的描述性語言、整體的意象、類似明喻和暗喻的文學手法，以及字詞、詩行、韻腳和節奏的編排。詩人們使用許多不同的詩歌形式來表達自己。現在，我們來看看幾個較為簡單的詩歌形式。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
一個孩童最初學會的一些英文詩歌就是童謠。它們大多是傳統詩歌或民謠。這些童謠的語言恰到好處，卻含有故事情節，如詩歌A。許多孩子喜歡童謠，因為它們押韻，節奏感強，而且往往重復一些字眼。這些童謠也許沒有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易學習和背誦。通過童謠中的文字游戲，兒童學習了語言。
A
Hush, little baby, don’t say a word,
Papa’s gonna buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won’t sing,
Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass,
Papa’s gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking glass gets broke,
Papa’s gonna buy you a billy goat.
If that billy goat won’t pull,
Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull.
A
噓噓，小寶貝，別說話，
爸爸給你買只知更鳥，
知更鳥，不唱歌，
爸爸給你買枚鉆石戒，
鉆石戒，變黃銅，
爸爸給你買面小鏡子，
小鏡子，打碎了，
爸爸給你買只小山羊，
小山羊，不肯拉，
爸爸給你買架牛拉車。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not.
“清單詩”是最簡單的詩歌形式之一，它（一般）包含一份有關事物、人物、想法或描述性內容的清單，形成一個特定主題。清單詩的詩行長度靈活，重復出現的短語賦予詩歌某種模式和節奏。有些清單詩押韻（如詩歌B和詩歌C），有些則不押韻。
B
Only One Mother
Hundreds of stars in the pretty sky,
Hundreds of shells on the shore together,
Hundreds of birds that go singing by,
Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weather.
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,
But only one mother the wide world over.
George Cooper
B
母親
千百顆星星掛在美麗的天空，
千百顆貝殼遍布悠長的海岸，
千百只鳥兒鳴唱著飛過，
千百只小羊在陽光下穿梭，
千百滴露珠迎接黎明，
千百只蜜蜂在紫苜蓿中嬉戲，
千百只蝴蝶在草地上起舞，
可只有一個母親，在這茫茫的世界。
喬治·庫珀
C
LIFE
Life can be good,
Life can be bad,
Life is mostly cheerful,
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person,
Sitting in court.
C
生活
生活可能美好，
生活可能悲傷，
生活常常充滿歡樂，
但有時令人沮喪。
生活可能是幻夢一場，
生活可能是偉大理想，
生活也可能是一個人，
獨坐在被告席上。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D).
（對于）業余詩人（而言）容易創作的另一種簡單詩歌形式是五行詩，它由五個詩行構成。通過這些詩行，你可以用短短幾句話就傳達出一幅動人的畫面或某種心情。請看范例（詩歌D）。
D
Brother
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shouting, laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
D
兄弟
漂亮，愛運動
愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敵人
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
俳句是日本的一種詩歌形式，由17個音節組成。其格式為三行，每行的音節分別是五個、七個和五個。俳句并非傳統的英語詩歌形式，但在英國作家中卻十分流行。俳句易于創作，而且與五行詩一樣，寥寥數語即可展現一個清晰的畫面，表達一種特殊的情感。右側的俳句（詩歌E）從日語翻譯而來，展示了一只嬌弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch.
Look, a butterfly!
E
一朵凋落的花
回到了枝頭
看，是一只蝴蝶！
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
英語人士也喜歡中國詩歌，尤其是唐詩。許多唐詩已經被翻譯成英文，如詩歌F。
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows.
Never looking back,
Transformed into stone.
Day by day upon the mountain top,
wind and rain revolve.
Should the traveller return,
this stone would utter speech.
Wang Jian
F
望夫處，江悠悠。
化為石，不回頭。
上頭日日風復雨。
行人歸來石應語。
——王建
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
有這么多不同的詩歌形式可供選擇，你可能最終想自己寫幾首詩。試一試吧！
【Using Language】
WIND ON THE HILL
No one can tell me,
Nobody knows,
Where the wind comes from,
Where the wind goes.
It’s flying from somewhere
As fast as it can,
I couldn’t keep up with it,
Not if I ran.
But if I stopped holding
The string of my kite,
It would blow with the wind
For a day and a night.
And then when I found it,
Wherever it blew,
I should know that the wind
Had been going there too.
So then I could tell them
Where the wind goes ...
But where the wind comes from
Nobody knows.
A. A. Milne
山上的風
沒有人能夠告訴我，
也沒有人會知道，
風來自哪里，
又將去往哪里。
它從一個地方吹來，
盡它所能，飛快地吹來，
我不能趕上它，
即使我奔跑。
但如果我停下來，
不再緊握我手中的風箏線，
它將被風吹跑，
一天一夜。
后來當我發現它，
它吹向任何地方，
我會知道風，
也曾經去過那里。
所以當我能告訴他們，
風去了哪里……
但是風從哪里來，
沒有人知道。
A. A. 米爾恩
DREAM
Hold fast to dreams,
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams,
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
Langston Hughes
夢想
緊緊抓住夢想，
因為夢想若是死亡，
生命就像鳥兒折斷了翅膀，
再也不能飛翔。
緊緊抓住夢想，
因為夢想一旦消逝，
生活變成荒蕪的田野，
被冰封雪蓋。
蘭斯頓·休斯
A MATCH
If love were what the rose is,
And I were the leaf,
Our lives would grow together
In sad or singing weather,
Brown fields or flowerful closes,
Green pleasure or grey grief;
If love were what the rose is,
And I were like the leaf.
A. C. Swinburne
佳偶
如果愛情是玫瑰，
而我是綠葉，
我們的生命將一起成長，
無論天氣陰沉還是晴朗，
處在豐饒的原野或花徑，
感受綠色的歡樂或灰色的苦悶；
如果愛情是玫瑰，
而我是綠葉。
A. C. 斯溫伯恩

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