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Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.期末復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)講義
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合
語言能力 能夠運(yùn)用目標(biāo)句型進(jìn)行交際，能夠理解過去完成時(shí)，并用它描述“過去的過去”的活動(dòng)。
學(xué)習(xí)能力 能學(xué)會(huì)分析不同事物的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，學(xué)會(huì)比較選擇對(duì)自己有影響的事物，正確處理實(shí)際問題，精神飽滿的面對(duì)生活與學(xué)習(xí)。
文化意識(shí) 了解和理解不同文化背景、不同階層認(rèn)識(shí)的不同幸福觀和戰(zhàn)勝挫折的不同態(tài)度與方法。
思維品質(zhì) 能辨識(shí)語篇中的銜接手段，判斷句子之間、 段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
二、思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)
三、重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)
過去完成時(shí)
含義：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，它是一種相對(duì)于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)，沒有一般過去時(shí)就沒有過去完成時(shí)
句式：
肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他
否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主語+had.
否定回答：No, 主語+hadn't.
用法：
①表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。用在by/before/after/when+過去時(shí)態(tài)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語于從句。
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
②表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，常與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如“by the end of+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，“by the time+從句(一般過去時(shí))””等。
③用在主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。如told, said, knew, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。
My father asked me if I had finished reading that book.
一直延續(xù)到這一過去的時(shí)間
時(shí)間狀語：
①By the time sb. did sth.
By the time the police arrived at the shop, the owner of the shop had caught the thief.
②When/After sb. did sth. (動(dòng)作有先后發(fā)生的順序)
When we reached the station hurriedly, the train had left.
③Before sb. did sth.
Before I went to bed last night, I had done my homework.
辨析： alive，live，living 與 lively
alive：形容詞，“活著的；有生氣的”；可以作后置定語，多修飾人，也可修飾物。
live：形容詞意為“活的；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的”；通常只作前置定語，且一般用來修飾物。
living：意為“活著的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)尚在人間、健在；作前置定語或表語。多修飾物，也可修飾人。
lively：意為“生動(dòng)的；活潑的”，通常用來描述人及其行為或活動(dòng)，可以作定語或表語。
keep
keep用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“保存；保留；保守”。例如：
Could you keep these letters for me, please
你能替我保存這些信嗎？
I'll keep a seat for you. 我給你留個(gè)座位。
Can you keep a secret 你能保守秘密嗎？
keep用作連系動(dòng)詞,后常接表語形容詞，意為“保持處于某種狀態(tài)”。例如：　　
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。
keep的常用句型：
①keep doing sth. 意為 “繼續(xù)干某事”，表示不間斷地持續(xù)干某事，后須接延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如：
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作，因?yàn)樗霚?zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。
②keep on doing sth. 意為“持續(xù)做某事”。例如：
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.
這個(gè)學(xué)生不斷地問我同一個(gè)問題。例如：
③keep...from doing sth.意為“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：
The heavy snow kept us from going out.
大雪阻止了我們出去。
【例題】
1.The New Silk Road will offer a good __________ for more nations to communicate.
A. chance B. habit C. question D. price
2.I go to my grandparents' home ______ with their housework every Sunday.
A.help B.helped C.to help D.helping
3.My parents ______ to see In the Name of People (《人民的名義》) last weekend.
A.gave up B.stayed up C.set up D.took up
4.Before Mr. Zhang went to Paris, he ______ French for two years.
A.will learn B.has learned C.had learned D.was learning
5.The match ______ because of bad weather. What a pity!
A.will cancel B.has cancelled C.was cancelled D.is cancelling
6.On the first day of Chinese New Year, we ______ new clothes and visit people.
A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw away
7.—Tom, why have you decided ______ Chinese folk music as a course
—Because I like Chinese culture very much.
A.take B.taken C.to take D.taking
8.—What should we do with the driver hurt in the car accident
—Let him stay______. Help is on the way.
A. calm B. silent C. lonely D. still
9.Over fifty countries _______ the AIIB(亞投行) so far.
A. joined B. was joining C. had joined D. have joined
10.—Do you often see Mr. Smith ______ on the playground
—No! But he is often seen ______ Chinese Kungfu in the park.
A. run, play B. run, to play
C. running, play D. running, to play
四、單元核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接中考
1.【2023年黑龍江哈爾濱中考真題】—Where is your mother, Daming
—Oh, she ________ Shanghai on business and she’ll come back next week.
A.has returned from
B.has been to
C.has gone to
2.【2024屆·山東菏澤·二模】—I’m worried about leaving my friends and going to a new school.
—Take it easy. I’m sure you’ll ________ your classmates if you are friendly to them.
A.get along with
B.catch up with
C.come up with
3.【2024屆·山東菏澤·二模】—We should take action to protect the environment.
—________. That’s very important.
A.Don’t mention it
B.It doesn’t matter
C.I agree with you
4.【2024屆·山東菏澤·二模】—Does anybody want to share ________ on Dragon Boat Festival —I visited my grandparents and ate zongzi.
A.what you did
B.where you went
C.when you shopped
5.【2024屆·山東菏澤·二模】—I heard a young fireman lost his life in the big fire.
—What a pity！ ________ I don’t know who he is, I know who he is for. He is our hero forever.
A.But
B.So
C.Although
6.【2024屆·山東菏澤·二模】—Why do many farmers put their products online these days
—________them more easily.
A.To sell
B.Sell
C.Selling
7.【2024屆·山東菏澤·二模】—I think listening to music helps calm me down while I am doing my homework.
—________. I need to study in a quiet environment.
A.I don’t agree with you
B.That sounds fun
C.So I do
8.【2024屆·云南曲靖·二模】—Where is Miss White, Bob
— She _________ Shanghai to visit her parents. She’ll be back in two days.
A.will go B.has been to C.has gone to D.has been in
9.【2024屆·云南曲靖·二模】After dinner, I always offer _________ the dishes so that my parents can have a good rest.
A.to do B.do C.does D.doing
10.【2024屆·云南曲靖·二模】________ life is full of ups and downs, we still should face it with hope and courage.
A.Unless B.Although C.Before D.If
答案以及解析
【例題】
1.答案：A
解析：句意：新絲綢之路將為更多的國家交流提供一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)：B.habit習(xí)慣；C.question問題，疑問；D.price價(jià)格。新絲綢之路是為更多的國家提供交流的機(jī)會(huì)，故選A。
2.答案：C
解析：句意：我每周日都去爺爺奶奶家?guī)退麄兏杉覄?wù)。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。
3.答案：B
解析：句意：上周末我的父母熬夜看《人民的名義》。give up“放棄”；stay up“熬夜”；set up“安排”；take up“開始從事”。
4.答案：C
解析：句意：在張先生去巴黎前，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩年法語。主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。
5.答案：C
解析：句意：比賽因壞天氣而被取消。真可惜！結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
6.答案：B
解析：句意：在中國新年的第一天，我們穿上新衣服，然后走親訪友。pick up"撿起，(開車）接"；put on"穿上，表演"；take off"脫掉，起飛"；throw away"扔掉"。
7.答案：C
解析：—湯姆，為什么你決定選擇中國民間音樂作為一門課程？—因?yàn)槲曳浅Ｏ矚g中國文化。decide to do sth.“決定做某事”。
8.答案：D
解析：A.Calm平靜的；B.silent沉默的；C.Lonely孤獨(dú)的；D.Still仍然，還。句意：—司機(jī)在汽車事故中受傷我們應(yīng)該怎么做？—讓他在里面呆著，在途中呼救。根據(jù)stay在這里是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞表示保持，及語境可知選D。
9.答案：D
解析：本題主要考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句中時(shí)間狀語為 so far，意為“到目前為止”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，表現(xiàn)形式為“have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。join意為“加入”，其過去分詞為joined。句中主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故正確答案為D。
10.答案：B
解析：句意：—你經(jīng)常看到史密斯先生在操場(chǎng)上跑步嗎？—不，但是他經(jīng)常被看到在公園里練中國功夫。此題考查固定短語see sb do sth看到某人做某事，變成被動(dòng)時(shí)，要把省略的to還原回來，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選B。
四、單元核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接中考
1.答案： C
解析： 句意:—大明,你媽媽在哪里 —哦,她去上海出差了,下星期回來。考查has gone to的用法。has returned from已經(jīng)從……返回;has been to曾經(jīng)去過某地;has gone to去了某地（未回）。根據(jù)"she...Shanghai on business and she’ll come back next week."可知,大明的媽媽不在說話地,用has gone to表示去了未回。故選C。
2.答案： A
解析： 句意:—我擔(dān)心離開我的朋友去一所新學(xué)校。—?jiǎng)e緊張。如果你對(duì)同學(xué)們友好的話,我相信你會(huì)和他們相處得很好。考查動(dòng)詞短語。get along with與……相處融洽;catch up with追趕上;come up with想出。根據(jù)"if you are friendly to them."可知,此處是指與同學(xué)之間的相處,結(jié)合常識(shí),如果你對(duì)同學(xué)友好,同學(xué)也會(huì)和你友好相處。故選A。
3.答案： C
解析： 句意:—我們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境。—我同意你的看法。這很重要。考查情景交際。Don’t mention it不用客氣;It doesn’t matter沒關(guān)系;I agree with you我同意你的看法。根據(jù)上文"We should take action to protect the environment."和下文"That’s very important."可知,此處是指贊成對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn),保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。故選C。
4.答案： A
解析： 句意:—有人想分享在端午節(jié)做了什么嗎 —我去看望了爺爺奶奶,吃了粽子。考查賓語從句。根據(jù)"I visited my grandparents and ate zongzi."可知此處詢問在端午節(jié)做了什么,用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選A。
5.答案： C
解析： 句意:—我聽說一個(gè)年輕的消防員在大火中喪生了。—真可惜！雖然我不知道他是誰,但我知道他是為了誰,他是我們永遠(yuǎn)的英雄。考查連詞辨析。But但是;So所以;Although雖然。根據(jù)"I don’t know who he is, I know who he is for."可知,此處是指雖然不知道他是誰,但知道他是為了誰,前后句是讓步關(guān)系,用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選C。
6.答案： A
解析： 句意:—為什么現(xiàn)在很多農(nóng)民把他們的產(chǎn)品放到網(wǎng)上 —為了更方便的賣。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。To sell動(dòng)詞不定式;Sell動(dòng)詞原形;Selling動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞形式。分析句意可知,前文詢問原因,所以此處表示"為了更方便的賣",可用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。故選A。
7.答案： A
解析： 句意:—我覺得在做作業(yè)的時(shí)候聽音樂能讓我平靜下來。—我不同意你的看法。我需要在安靜的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)。考查情景交際。I don’t agree with you我不同意你的看法;That sounds fun那聽起來很有趣;So I do我確實(shí)是。根據(jù)"listening to music helps calm me down while I am doing my homework."以及"I need to study in a quiet environment."可知是不同意對(duì)方的看法。故選A。
8.答案： C
解析： will go將要去;has gone to表示去了某地還沒回來;has been to表示去過某地已經(jīng)回來了;has been in表示一直在某地,往往和一段時(shí)間連用。根據(jù)后句句意"她兩天后回來"可知,懷特小姐去了上海還沒回來,要用has gone to,其它選項(xiàng)不符合語法,也語意不通。故選:C。
9.答案： A
解析： do the dishes洗碗。to do動(dòng)詞不定式;do動(dòng)詞原形;does三單形式;doing現(xiàn)在分詞。句中使用了offer to do sth短語,意思是"主動(dòng)提出做某事",空格處應(yīng)用不定式作賓語。故選:A。
10.答案： B
解析： unless除非,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;although盡……之前管,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;before在……引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;if如果,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知,前后句是讓步關(guān)系,應(yīng)用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選:B。

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