資源簡介 初中英語語法大全:介詞I介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞,用來表示名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關系,不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞構成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語,狀語,表語和賓語補足語。例如:The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語)The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語)Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補足語)II表示時間的介詞表示“時間”的介詞如下:1.表示年、月、日、時刻等用at,in,on2.表示時間的前后用 before, after3.表示期限等用by,until,till4.表示期間等用for,during,through5.表示時間的起點等用 from, since6.表示時間的經過等用in,within(1) at,on,in1)at:用于表示時刻、時間的某一點at noon正午時 at night在夜間 at present目前at nine(o’clock)在九點鐘We usually have lunch at noon(at twelve).我們通常中午吃午飯(十二點吃午飯)。(2)on:用于某天,某一天的上、下午(指具體的某一天時,一律用on)注意 :泛指一般的上午(下午)時用in,但特指某日的上午(下午)時用on。in the morning在早上on sun day morning在周日早上on Monday在周一on Tuesday morning在周二早上on June 6在6月6日on May 4,1996在1996年5月4日on a cold night在一個寒冷的夜晚on the night of July(the) first在七月一日的夜晚We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon上周三下午我們沒去聽演講。(3)in:用于表示周、月、季節、年,泛指的上午、下午、晚上。注意:在this,last,next,every等詞前面不能再加介詞。this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五 next Sunday下周日every Monday(week, spring…)每周一(每星期,每個春季……)in the week在這周 in May在五月 in spring在春季in 1995在1995年 in September,1995在1995年9月in the morning在上午 in the afternoon在下午in the evening在晚上People go skating in winter人們冬天去滑冰。(2)before,after1)before:在…之前Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介詞)吃飯前請洗手。He will call me before he leaves here.(before作連詞)他離開這兒之前,他將給我打電話。2)after:在……之后注意:before和after這兩個詞都是既可作介詞,又可作連詞。Let's Sing some songs after school.(after作介飼)放學后咱們唱歌吧!Pleas close the door after you leave the room.(after作連詞)離開房間后請關門。(3) by,until(till)1)by:在……前(時間);截至(到)……注意:由until(till)形成的句子,句中的動詞如果是點動詞,則必須用否定句。How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看過多少本英文書?2)until(till):直到……為止(時間)比較by和until by seven o'clock截至(到)7點鐘(一般和完成時連用)until seven o'clock直到7點(7點以前)We didn't begin to watch TV until(till) nine o'clock.(begin是點動詞,所以用否定式)一直到九點,我們才開始看電視。I'll wait for him until he comes here我將在這兒一直等到他來。(wait是延續動詞,用肯定式)注意until和till可以通用。它們可以作連詞(見上例)而by不能作連詞。(4) for,during,through1)for:達……之久(表示經過了多少時間)常用的短語for a year 一年 for a few days幾天 for twenty weeks 二十周during the lesson 上課期間 during the war (the night)戰爭期間,夜間 (一整夜)可以和一般現在時、過去時、將來時連用,但經常和完成時連用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在這兒已經住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我們要在那里呆兩天。2)during: 在…期間They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他們打算好好休息一下。比較:for和 duringfor之后大多跟表示時間、天數等的數字名詞。而during后決不能跟表數字的名詞。3 )through:一直……(從開始到結束)They played the cards through the night.他們打了一整夜的牌。(5) from,since1)from:從……起(時間)表示從……開始時,一般都是用詞組from…to…,而單純表示確切的從幾點開始時用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.這個會議將從8點開到10點。The meeting will be held at eight.會議將從八點鐘開始。比較:since和from since表示時間時,一般只用于完成時的句子;而from也用于現在時、過去時及將來時態。另外since還可以作連詞(見下例);而from則不可以,它只能作介詞。2)since:自從……以來(表示從以前某時一直到現在仍在繼續)I have been sick since yesterday.我從昨天就病了。(一直到現在)The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作連詞)這個醫生自當醫生以來已經拯救了許多人的生命。(6 )in,within1)in:過……后(未來時間)注意:如果用于過去時,用after +時間。She went to Nanjing last May,and she came back after a month.去年五月她去了南京,一個月之后她又回來了。大多用在將來時(一般將來時和過去將來時)。in an hour 一小時之后in a week or so 一個多星期之后He will be back in five hours.他五小時之后回來。They said they would arrive here in a week.他們說他們一周后到達。2)within:不超過……的范圍比較:within和in with in強調在……時間之內,沒有時態的限制。in是以現在為基準,in an hour是指從現在起1小時之后,所以一般只用于將來時。within 3 hours 3小時之內I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必須在五分鐘之內畫好這只貓。They worked hard. They finished the workwithin 2 days at last.他們努力工作,結果終于他們在兩天之內完成了這項工作。III 表示場所、方向的介詞1.表示場所的介詞:at,in,on,under,by,near,between.2.表示方向的介詞:into,out of,along,across,through.(1 )at,in1) at:在某地點(表示比較狹窄的場所)at school 上學 at home 在家at 2 Baker Street 在貝克街2號at a factory 在一家工廠I'll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我將去北京站接他。2)in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場所)in Beijing 在北京 in China 在中國in the world 在世界上 in the street 在街上(2) on,under,over,above,below1)on:a.在……上面,有接觸面a. )on the desk 在桌子上面There are two maps on the wall.墻上有兩張地圖。b.)在……靠近……的地方on the right 在右邊2)above:在……上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我們的飛機在云端上飛行。3)over在……正上方,是under的反義詞There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盞燈。A few birds were flying over the sea.有幾只鳥在海上飛。注意:over的其他意思a.遍及 all over the world 全世界b.超過(=more than)We have over(=more than)40 books.我們有四十多本書。c.越過,在那邊over there在那邊 over the wall越過墻比較over與above的區別over是“正上方”,而above只表示“在上方”但不定在“正上方”。4)under:在……下面;在……之內under the table 桌子下面 under the jacket 在夾克內The dog is under the table. 這只狗在桌子下面。5)below:在……下方(不一定是正下方)正下方是under,below是above的反義詞。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有許多各式各樣的魚。(3)near,by1)near:近的,不遠的near =not far是far的反義詞。near還可以指時間。in the near future在不久的將來。Is there a bus stop near here?這兒附近有公共汽車站嗎?2)by:在……旁邊距離比near要近注意:在……旁邊,有時也用 beside。by the window 在窗戶旁邊by me 我旁邊 The boy is standing by the window.(4) between,among,around1)between:在兩者之間My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。What's the difference between A and B?A和B之間有什么區別?2)among:在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house among the trees.在樹林之中有一間漂亮的房子。He is very popular among the students.他在學生之中很受歡迎(很出名)。3)around:環繞,在……周圍,在……四周We sat around the table.我們在桌子四周坐下來。They walked around the street.他們在街上到處走。(5) in front of,behind1)in front of:在……的前面;在……的前部注意in front of和 before均是“在……之前”的意思,但表示場所時要用in front of而不用before。(○)in front of the room (×)before the roomThere is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵樹。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一張大講桌。2)behind:在……后面behind是in front of的反義詞。There is a tree behind the house.房子后面有一棵樹。at the back of my house 在我家房屋的后面注意可以用 at the back of…=behind…()6 in,into,out of1)in:在……之內,用于表示靜止的位置The students are in the classroom.學生們在教室里。注意out of…與from的區別表示“由內往外”的動作時’用out of;表示“從……起”(起點)時,使用from。Tom went out of the room with Li Ming.湯姆和李明走出房間。The train is from Boston.這輛火車是從波士頓開來的。2)into:進入用于表示有特定終點的運動的方向。通常用于表示動作的動詞之后,如:go,come,walk,run ……The students run into the classroom.學生們跑進教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。3)out of:和into 一樣,也表示有一定的運動方向The students rushed out of the room.學生們沖出房間。(7 )along,across,through1)along:沿著I was walking along the river when it began to rain,我正沿著河邊散步,突然下起雨來了。2)across:橫過I often swim across the river.我常游泳橫渡這條河。3)through:貫穿,通過The river was through the city.這條河穿過這個城市。(8 )to,for,from1)to:到達……地點(目的地)注意:to與towards的區別to:表示到達某地,(一般指目的地)towards:指方向、朝向,而不是目的地。He walked to wards the gate of the park.他朝著公園大門走去。(大門不是目的地)。He came to Japan in 1980. 他1980年來到日本。Tom has gone to school. 湯姆已經去學校了。2)for:表示目的地,“向……”I'll leave for America next week.下周我將動身去美國。for表目的時,一般是和固定詞搭配。leave for 動身去……start for 出發去……3)from:從……地點起……It's about ten minutes 'walk from here to the cinema.從這兒到電影院大約需步行十分鐘。How tar is it from our school to the hospital?從我們學校到醫院有多遠?IV其他介詞介詞除了表示“時間”、“場所”以外,也表示“手段”、“材料”……等(1 )表示手段和材料的介詞用 with,in,by1)with:和……在一起比較in和 with用in,with表工具或方法時,在譯成中文時區別不大,但在英語上的用法卻不大相同。a.用“with”時,后面的名詞要加上冠詞或代詞。with my ear用我的耳朵with a pencil用一支鉛筆b.用in時,后面加物質名詞,不能加冠詞。in ink 用墨水 in pencil 用鉛筆Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好嗎?c.具有、帶有He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有著一雙大眼睛的英俊男孩子。d.用某工具或方法Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手弄破了。I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一支新鋼筆寫這封信。2)in:表示用什么材料(例如用墨水、鉛筆)等,或用什么語言,或者表示衣著、聲調特點時,不用with,而用in。She wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水寫信。Don't write it in pencil but in ink.別用鉛筆寫,用鋼筆(水)寫。3)by:通過……方法、手段He goes to school by bicycle.他騎自行車上學。《by +交通工具》的詞組by bicycle 騎自行車 by plane 坐飛機by car 坐小汽車 (=by air)by bus 坐公共汽車 by train 坐火車by taxi 坐出租車 by ship 坐船比較搭乘交通工具用by來表示搭乘交通工具方式、手段時,名詞前不加冠詞。by train 坐火車You can go there in my car.你可以坐我的車去那兒。用in表示時,后面要用冠詞或代詞。同樣坐公共汽車可以說:take the(a)bus(2 )of,from1)of:(屬于)……的;表示……的數量或種類This is a map of China.這是一幅中國地圖。Will you please give me a cup of tea?請您給我一杯茶好嗎?2)from:來自(某地、某人);以……起始;(時間或地點)I'm from Nanjing.我是南京人。I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的來信。比較:make…of…與make…from…這兩個詞組都是“由…制成”的意思,它們的區別在于:如果制造出來的東西還看得出原料是什么,用“make…of…”;看不出原料是什么,用“make…from…”。The box is made of wood.這箱子是木料做的。The paper is made from rice straw.這紙是用稻草造的。(3) without,like,as1)without:沒有,是with的反義詞Men can't live without air and water.人類沒有空氣和水不能生存。I can't read the book without using a dictionary.不用字典,我看不了這本書。Please give me a cup of coffee without milk.請給我一杯不加奶的咖啡。Please give me a cup of coffee with milk.請給我一杯加奶的咖啡。2)like:像……一樣Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的媽媽一樣。前句還可寫成 Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她媽媽長得一樣)。用look時,強調外表。(3)as:作為He is famous as a scientist here.他在此地作為一個科學家而聞名。(4 )against,about1)against:反對;靠著He is against the plan.(Li Ming)他反對這個計劃。(他反對李明)。The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老師正靠著黑板站著。2)about:a.關于;各處;身旁Tell me something about your life.告訴我你的生活情況。He looked about himself.他向四處張望。I have no money about(=with)me.我身上沒帶錢。b.詢問某人某物的情況或提出建議What about your sister?你姐姐情況如何?How about going to the park?去公園怎么樣?注意What about …?與How about…?的用法沒有區別。(5)for , to for表示“為了.” to 表示動作對象, “對, 向”, 如: He would do anything for his motherland. Did you mention this to my father 你對我父親提起過這件事嗎 for 表示“就某情況而說 ”, to 表示“對某對象而言”如:It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣,今天夠暖和的。What he told you just now was not new to me。他剛才對你所說的話對我并不新鮮。for 表示“目的,用途”。與go, come 動詞連用。(6)except , besides except 表示“從總體中排除一部分”, 與but 同義, besides 表示“除了一部分還有另一部分” We all failed except him. 我們都失敗了,但他沒有。He speaks German besides French.. 除法語外, 他還會講英語。V各種介詞短語(1)使用工具 with a pencil 交通工具 by bus用某語言 in French用電視(學英語) learn English on TV付多少錢 for two dollars(2)介詞短語介詞和動詞、形容詞或名詞相結合后,形成復合詞,有特定的意思,應一一背誦。將介詞短語分類如下:1.動詞+介詞 (talk about~,look at~)2.be動詞+形容詞+介詞(be kind to~)3.介詞+名詞 (at home,on foot,in time)1)動詞+介詞talk about(sth.):談論某事They are talking about their school.他們正在談論他們的學校。2)talk to sb.(=talk with sb.):和某人談論Don't talk to your desk mate,Li Ming.李明,不要和你的同桌說話。3)look at:注視She looked at the blackboard,but saw nothing.4)listen to:傾聽I listened to him,but heard nothing.我注意聽他說話,但什么也聽不見。5)call on(sb.):拜訪He called on his uncle yesterday.昨天他看望了他的叔叔。6)arrive at(in):到達We arrived at the station at noon.我們中午到達車站。We arrived in Beijing last year.我們去年到(達)北京。注意arrive at(in)中的介詞at用于比較小的地方。in用于比較大的地方。口語中常用get to代替arrive at(in)。I'll get to the factory at three.我將在三點鐘到工廠。7)take care of:照顧The old men were taken good care of.老人們受到了很好的照顧。8)wait for:等待I'll wait for you until eight o'clock.我等你到八點鐘。9)look for:尋找I looked for my watch every place but I didn't find it.我到處找我的表,但是沒找到。其他重要的介詞短語speak to 和……說話 stay with 和某人呆在一起think about 考慮有關…… write to 給某人寫信2 )be動詞+形容詞+介詞1.be kind to:對某人親切His step-mother was kind to him.他的繼母對他很好。2.be good at:在……做得好;擅長于……Are you good at speaking English?你英語說得好嗎?3.be late for:遲到He is always late for school.他上學總是遲到。4.be afraid of:害怕……The boy isn't afraid of big dogs.5.be sorry for(sth.):為……抱歉I'm sorry for being late.抱歉,我遲到了。其他重要的介詞短語be absent from 缺席be proud of 以……為自豪be different from 和……不同be famous for 因……而著名be fond of…… 愛好,喜歡be pleased with 樂于3) 介詞+名詞1.at:at home 在家 at school 在學校at least 至少 at present 目前 at first 起初at once 立刻 at last 最后(終于)at night 夜晚語詞互換be good at=can…well他游泳游得很好。He is good at swimming.He can swim well be full of=be filled with箱子里都是(裝滿了)蘋果。The box is full of apples.The box is filled with apples.2.on:on foot 步行 on one’s way 在去某地的路上on the telephone 用電話 on time 準時3.for:for a while 一會兒 for example 例如for oneself 為了自己for hours(days, years)有好幾小時(天,年)4.in:in English 用英語 in those days在當時 in class 課上in time 及時5.by:by the way 順便說 by oneself 獨自地6.其他:after school 放學后 of course 當然 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫