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選擇性必修第四冊(cè)
Unit 1　Science Fiction
1．It’s the year 2140 and two kids ride their surfboards in the heart of Manhattan，near the point where(where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾point) Sixth Avenue meets Broadway.
當(dāng)先行詞是case，point，situation，condition，stage，position 等表示地點(diǎn)、形勢(shì)等抽象含義的名詞，而定語從句不缺主語和賓語時(shí)，通常使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2．If you are familiar with(對(duì)……熟悉； be familiar to為……所熟悉) this junction，you will know it is far from the US’s current coastline.
3．But in Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel New York 2140，Manhattan is flooded(v.淹沒) after continuous climate change causes the sea level to rise by 15.25m.
4．Robinson’s 2017 climate fiction novel belongs to(屬于) a new kind of novel，which tells “the story of the next century”．
5．Climate change is an indescribable crisis to make sense of(理解)．
6．Drop some poisonous chemicals in a river now and you will see dead fish within days，but what do you witness(v.目睹；見證) when you release carbon dioxide(CO2)
7．It helps people feel not only about what might be coming，but also(不僅……而且……) about the present.
8．As the website Tech Xplore pointed out(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，意為“正如”)，other similar materials require external heat sources such as heat guns and electrical currents to induce a change of states...
9．During the robots’ experimental trials，the scientists conducted[此處意為“實(shí)施，管理，進(jìn)行”；其他意思：指揮(軍隊(duì)、樂隊(duì)等)] a number of tests.
10．These tests included having the robots melt(have＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)) into liquid and re-form to escape a prison-like cage.
11．He has a large following of fans，all eager to see(渴望做……) his skillful tricks(此處意為“訣竅”；其他意思：n.把戲，計(jì)謀 v．哄騙，欺騙)．
12．And videos of him using his walking stick as he boards inspire curiosity(n.好奇心) and admiration(n.欽佩，贊賞) from fans around the world.
13．“I’m honored I can be a voice for our community.Never let others define you and what you are capable of(有能力做……)，” he said.
14．A new adaptation(n.改編本) of Chinese mythological stories has won the heart of audiences with its distinctive style.
15．The animation series，Yao—Chinese Folktales，has gained more than 110 million views online since it was released(熟詞生義：vt.發(fā)行，發(fā)布)．
16．The collection，which ranges from ancient stories to(包括由……到……之間的各類事物) science fiction, from emotional connection with hometowns to romantic love and from life themes to questions for humanity，presents Chinese culture and philosophy.Unit 2　Iconic Attractions
1．In early August，Hilary Krieger，now 44，was sitting in her parents’ Boston home when(be doing...when...正在做……這時(shí)突然……，該句型中when為并列連詞) her friend accidentally squirted himself with an orange slice.
2．The two made a five-dollar bet(打賭)，and Hilary gladly grabbed the family dictionary but found the word “orbisculate” was not in it!
3．Hilary burst into(突然闖入) her dad’s study(熟詞生義：n.書房) and told him the shocking(adj.令人震驚的) news.
4．Looking awkward，her father admitted that(承認(rèn)) he had made up(編造) the word “orbisculate” as the action that happens “when you dig your spoon into a grapefruit and it squirts juice directly into your eye”．
5．It speaks to his creativity and the idea that，even when something is painful and annoying(adj.令人煩惱的，令人生氣的；annoyed adj.惱怒的)，like getting grapefruit juice in your eye，you can laugh and have fun with it.
6．I began to think “orbisculate” is such a great word[such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)]; it should be in the dictionary!
7．Their goal is to put(不定式作表語) the word to use publicly enough that it has a chance of becoming acceptable(adj.認(rèn)可的)．
8．“I could picture(熟詞生義：v.想象) him being really excited，” Jonathan says.
9．And not until that day did(部分倒裝) I know my father had created many “words” that we wouldn’t see in the dictionary.
10．LiDAR is exceptionally useful for detecting archeological sites，as it gets through jungles and other features that hold up(阻礙；延誤) exploration on the ground.
11．This large lost city envelops(vt.覆蓋) sites like Tikal，Holmul，and Witzna—known for their pyramids—but shows that these famous heritage areas are the tip of the iceberg(冰山一角) of this lost urban network.
12．ChatGPT is an advanced(adj.先進(jìn)的，高級(jí)的) AI chatbot trained by OpenAI which interacts(vi.交流) in a conversational way.
13．The dialogue form makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer(make＋it＋adj.＋for sb＋to do) follow-up questions，admit its mistakes，challenge incorrect premises，and reject improper requests.
此句型it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。類似的句型還有： make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句 常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有：consider，think，feel，find 等。
14．GPT can take a text prompt and generate code that is tailored(熟詞生義：v.專門制作) to the given task.
15．But the cat is out of the bag(紙是包不住火的)，and now the International Baccalaureate，or IB for short，says its students can take advantage of(利用，使用) the tech...
16．Plus，by bringing an extra garbage bag and gloves to pick up(撿起) trash along the way，parents can show kids some educational activities.
pick up一詞多義： 拿起，撿起；接收；接載；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；情況好轉(zhuǎn)Unit 3　Sea Exploration
1．A robot created(過去分詞作定語) at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks in a way that humans can’t do(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾way)．
2．When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK，the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance(n.阻力；resist v．抵抗)．
3．The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study(不定式作定語修飾a desire) coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths(n.深度) beyond the normal range(n.范圍) for divers.
4．Flotations on the communications and power line had collapsed(v.坍塌)，causing the line to pile(熟詞生義：v.堆積) on the top of the robot.
5．“This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth，interacting with the environment，and permitting the human operator to feel that environment，” he said.
It/This/That is/was the＋first(second...) time that sb have/has/had done sth. 這是某人第幾次做某事。
6．About 15 years ago，Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs，which were known to spend most of their days in the trees，feeding on(以……為食) bamboo leaves.
7．He wondered whether(whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句) habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving(熟詞生義：v.迫使) them to move to the ground.
8．He found that they spent an average of(平均為……) only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month.
9．Besides，they will be faced with(面臨，面對(duì)) finding appropriate food resources on the ground，thus having a broad(adj.廣泛的) or flexible diet is important.
10．The loss of primates would lead to(導(dǎo)致) negative effects on the ecosystem.
11．But the restaurants often find special ways to respond in times of(在……的時(shí)候) crisis，too.
12．And the Wilmington，North Carolina Chick-fil-A，owned by Donovan and Nikki Carless，was quick to serve locals on Sunday after Hurricane Florence left(熟詞生義 vt.讓某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)) thousands of people homeless.
13．With this in mind，the restaurant owners asked their employees who would be willing to(樂意做……) serve food on Sunday.
14．Her company is currently engaged in(正忙于，致力于) the design，manufacturing and sales of bamboo products.Unit 4　Sharing
1．Argentinians aren’t known(adj.知名的) for helping strangers，but young people are leading the way in tough(adj.艱難的) times.
2．There are thousands of people living(現(xiàn)在分詞在there be 句型中作定語，修飾people) on the streets across the capital，and 43% of the country’s population lives in poverty.
3．It’s a reflection of the terrible economic crisis and sky-high inflation that’s enveloping(v.裹住，籠罩) the country.
4．These volunteers may not be well off(adj.富有的，富裕的)，but they offer whatever they can(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句) to lift their neighbors up：a hand，a meal，or simply some of their time.
5．“Today there are more people living on the streets，more people in need(在困難中)，more people begging for(祈求，乞討) money or help，” said Eduardo Donza...
6．Volunteering can’t solve these wider issues on its own(獨(dú)自地)．
7．That willingness to help matters(熟詞生義：v.至關(guān)重要)．
8．Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down(拒絕) because she might develop the same health problems as(和……一樣) her mother in later life.
9．In 2017，she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors(n.器官捐獻(xiàn)者)，exchanging half her liver for(用……換取……) someone else’s kidney.
exchange A for B　用A 換取B exchange sth with sb和某人交換某物 in exchange for作為對(duì)……的交換 exchange students交換生
10．A case study of the organ exchange has now been published，and the surgeons who were involved are calling for(需要，需求) more exchanges like this.
11．They drew up a plan：Simmons would donate a kidney to(把……捐獻(xiàn)給……) Deveza’s mother，and in return(作為回報(bào))，Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister.
12．The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing(考慮做……) the same.
13．School is important for children and parents everywhere，and there are a lot who take the education of youth very seriously(take sb/sth seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待某人、某事)．
14．However，Heidi Erickson，one of the researchers in the study，stated(陳述，聲明) that there is no harm in(做……沒有害處) taking students out of the classroom，even for multiple days throughout the year，as long as(意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句) they are learning and in an appropriate(合適的) space.
15．The project is meant to(旨在) contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.
16．First proposed in 2005，the project aims to(旨在) plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.
aim to do.../at doing...旨在做……；力求達(dá)到…… be aimed at (doing) sth 瞄準(zhǔn)；目的在于 aimless adj.漫無目的的 aimlessly adv.漫無目的地Unit 5　Launching Your Career
1．At all hours of the day，white-aproned bakers occupy themselves in(忙于……) working in the Hot Bread Kitchen，throwing flour across butcher block tables...
2．But Hot Bread Kitchen is more than(不僅僅……) a bakery.
more than＝over超過；不僅僅；表示“非?！睍r(shí)其后常用形容詞
3．In 2008，Rodriguez launched the bakery in the small Brooklyn apartment she shared with roommates，hiring two immigrant(n.移民，外僑；immigrate v．遷徙) women as her first bakers.
4．But for every person who questioned(熟詞生義：v.懷疑，質(zhì)疑) it，there were five people who(who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾people) were interested in supporting us.
5．These women’s diverse homelands are reflected in(反映，映出) many of the bakery’s products，like heritage tortillas and the wildly popular m’smen，a buttery bread.
reflect vt.& vi.反射(光、熱、聲等)；反思；回想；仔細(xì)考慮 reflect on/upon認(rèn)真思考
6．From the time I was a young girl，all I wanted(省略that的定語從句) was to play outside(不定式作表語)．
7．I used the ferns in my childhood backyard to raise myself up muddy Pacific Northwest slopes，sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream(n.小河，小溪；其他意思：v.流動(dòng)，涌動(dòng)) and imagined it was a winding(adj.曲折的，蜿蜒的) river.
8．Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic，it’s the temperate in-between that captivates me(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)．
9．It’s(it作形式主語代替不定式) all worth it(值得的) to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean，turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor，and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.
worth常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： be (well) worth doing sth (很)值得做某事
10．Early on，Webb-McRae was interested in family law，so she clerked(熟詞生義，此處為動(dòng)詞，意為“當(dāng)職員、文書、書記員”) for a judge involved in that field.
11．During that time，she found she had a passion for(對(duì)……充滿熱情) criminal law and decided to work for that.
12．Her responsibilities are complex and she says she has a role to play in(play a role in在……中發(fā)揮作用) this system.
13．Our justice system certainly is not perfect，but I’m passionate about(對(duì)……充滿激情) doing my little part(盡我的綿薄之力) to make it better.I believe in action and moving the ball forward.
14．This unique culture，composed of(由……組成) knowledge，skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations，picking of tea leaves，and the processing，drinking and sharing of tea，is the 43th entry from China on the list，whose total tops(熟詞生義：v.排名領(lǐng)先) all other countries.
表示“由……組成”的短語：consist of，be composed of，be made up of，be comprised of
15．The tea that has appealed to(吸引) the world for thousands of years finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.
16．In China，it is reported that(據(jù)報(bào)道……) over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors(n.專業(yè)) in tea science or tea culture，with over 3,000 graduates specializing in tea production and art every year(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語)．

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