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選擇性必修第三冊
Unit 1　Art
1．This contest seeks to encourage(seek to do sth試圖做某事；seek for sth 尋求，尋找……) future artists.
2．The winners will have their artwork publicly displayed(have＋賓語＋賓補) at the Capitol for a year，and are also honored at an award.
3．Aside from(除……之外) the prizes，this contest also involves(包含；需要) exhibitions and events to raise awareness(增強意識)．
4．No fee is charged(收費) for this contest.
charge sb money for sth因某物/某事收某人錢 charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth指控某人犯……罪 in charge of掌管(表狀態) in the charge of被……掌管；由……負責 take charge of掌管(表動作) free of charge(＝for free)免費
5．After scouting a location，the group then research the local history of the area they are in to inform(熟詞生義：對……有影響) their design.
inform sb about/of sth告知某人某事 keep sb informed of隨時通知某人……
6．Once sketched out(狀語從句的省略)，the constructions take up to two months to build before they are installed in the dead of night.
7．We like to imagine a world where small animals live parallel to(與……共存) us，and recycle objects we lose or throw away，so a bottle cap becomes a chair，a box of matches becomes a table，a stamp becomes a painting and a trash can becomes a restaurant.
8．They then demand a payment before they will free(熟詞生義：釋放；使解脫出來) the system.
9．...because not all(部分否定，表示“并非都……”) organizations are willing to report it when they fall victim to(成為……的受害者) this kind of crime.
all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely 等具有總括意義的代詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構成部分否定，表示“并非都……”的意思。
10．Even these limited statistics，however，show the increasing fearlessness of ransomware attackers：the number of attacks in 2020 increased by 20 percent compared with(與……相比) that of the previous year，and the amount of money paid out more than tripled.
compare...with...把……和……做比較 compare...to...把……比作…… compared to/with與……相比 beyond/without compare無與倫比
11．As long as victims keep paying，attackers will keep profiting(熟詞生義：獲利) from this type of attack.
12．And regular backups allow a company to function(allow sb/sth to do) even if its original data are encrypted.
allow sb to do...允許某人做…… allow doing允許做 有此類用法結構的詞還有 permit，forbid 等
13．As a result，security personnel must engage in[(使)從事，參與] a constant game of cat and mouse.
14．I suggest using(suggest doing 建議做……)a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies.
15．Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to(對……至關重要) growth.
16．I post my work on social media and，in turn(相應地)，have met some of the kindest people.Unit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
1．Eating ultra-processed(超加工的) foods for more than 20% of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive(認知的) decline(n.下降，減少；衰落 v．減少；衰落；下降；衰退)，according to a new study.
on the decline在衰退中；在下降 decline to do sth拒絕做某事
2．Now，the new study has revealed(revealed后為省略that的賓語從句) eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline，including the areas of the brain involved in executive(決策的) functioning—the ability to process(動詞不定式作后置定語) information and make decisions.
3．While(引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”) in need of further study and replication，the new results are quite convincing(令人信服的) and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older.
convinced adj.確信的；堅信的 convince sb of sth使某人確信某事
4．The study，presented(過去分詞作后置定語，意為 “展示，展現”；n.禮物；adj.現在的，目前的；出席的，到場的) on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego，followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years.
5．In Brazil，ultra-processed foods make up[此處意為“占……比例”；其他意思：編造(說法、解釋等)；組成；彌補；補償；化妝；和好；整理] 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake.
6．Beavers(海貍)，like humans，change their surroundings(環境) to fit their needs.
surrounding adj.周圍的 surround...with...使……包圍…… be surrounded with/by被……包圍
7．But county officials were concerned about(關心，擔心) how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.
8．The whole audience burst out(突然爆發出) a wave of clapping almost every 30 seconds.
9．It was the first time that(這是……第一次……) she had been on the stage，so I couldn’t blame her for any slip.
10．But the moment that surprised me occurred(發生)．
sth occurs to sb某人突然想到…… It occurs to/hits/strikes sb that...某人突然想到……
11．Small and thin as the girl appeared(部分倒裝)，the determined look on her face instantly caught everyone’s eyes.
as/though引導讓步狀語時采用倒裝的情況： 表語提前：Strange as/though it seems，it is true. 謂語動詞提前：Try as he might，he didn’t pass the exam. 狀語提前：Hard as I studied，I could not catch up with them.
12．Tears of joy(喜悅的淚水) misted my vision when the host announced she won first prize.
13．It’s easy to get overwhelmed(感到不堪重負)when you have a lot on your plate(俚語：忙不過來)．Unit 3　Environmental Protection
1．Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of(各種各樣的) ranger programs throughout the park，and throughout the year.
2．Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to(與……相比較) the animals of Yellowstone.
3．Stay for(逗留) as little or as long as your plans allow.
4．Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to(被……吸引) this special place.
5．Moran works at the California Academy of Sciences，which is capped(熟詞生義：用……覆蓋頂部) by 2.5 acres of living roof where nearly 1.7 million plants，insects and birds flourish.
6．In 2000，just 41 new construction projects were officially rated as(被評為) green buildings in the US.
7．As the leader of the project，Robert Getman said，“Cleaning beaches is good，but it is more effective and cheaper to trap(此處意為“捕獲”；v.設陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套 n．陷阱) garbage in rivers...
8．Still，the waterway and its mangrove trees are home to(是……的家園) wildlife like turtles and birds.
9．Over five years，Marea Verde projects have slowed(熟詞生義：使減速，使緩行) the spread of waste along the Juan Diaz River and other Panama’s rivers.
10．However，Wanda Diaz is more advanced and superior in terms of(就……而言，在……方面) technology，and it even has cameras with artificial intelligence(AI) that can recognize and sort different plastics.
11．She expressed her hope that(引導同位語從句) the wheel would also help many more other rivers.
12．But she also pointed out that those who accustomed themselves to[使自己習慣于……； be accustomed to (doing) sth 習慣于(做)……] single-use plastics needed to rethink their behavior.
13．He invited everyone to a hall for a game consisting of(現在分詞短語作后置定語) 3 rounds.
consist of是不及物短語用其-ing形式作定語或狀語，類似的用法還有：
belong to，measure，weigh，date back to/date from
14．Most of the time，people hide information，avoid collaboration，and distance(熟詞生義：與……疏遠) themselves from their team members.Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
1．It lacks(缺乏，缺少) buildings，trees，cars，cellphones and the Internet.
(a) lack of 缺乏，缺少…… for lack of因缺乏…… lacking adj.缺乏的，缺少的 be lacking in...缺少……
2．Seemingly limitless(無限的) water extends uninterruptedly in all directions(向四面八方)．
后綴-less表“無或者沒有”，常見的以-less結尾的詞有：
useless無用的； helpless無助的； hopeless無希望的；stainless無污點的；不銹的
3．My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio，where(引導非限制性定語從句) Talisman built by my father(過去分詞短語作后置定語) waited patiently through the week.
4．However，it wasn’t until about 20 years ago，well into my adulthood，that I took up(開始從事) sailing in a serious way.(含有not until 的強調句)
5．While living in Asia，a sailing friend and I set off across the South China Sea and intended to get(intend to do打算做……) to Thailand，only to be pushed (to do不定式作結果狀語) by a late-season typhoon that forced us to make landfall in Vietnam，glad to be alive.
6．Years later，my wife and I lived aboard our 37-foot ship，Symbiosis，while we saved enough to take a two-year leave from our jobs to journey(熟詞生義：旅行) down the U．S.Atlantic coast and through the Bahamas and the Caribbean.
7．A few months ago，we found a good deal(熟詞生義：優惠的價格) on a smaller sailboat—easier to maintain but still capable of(有……能力) some short offshore journeys.
8．The World Economic Forum predicts the global population will hit(熟詞生義：達到) 9.8 billion by 2050，which means we might need to grow as much as double the amount of food we do today...
9．Historically，human intelligence has risen to(成功應對，處理) the population challenge.
10．So the girls teamed up with(與……合作) a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden specially for the monarchs.
11．They also wanted to put up(張貼) an educational sign in town，but it cost a lot.
put up舉起；架起；張貼；留宿；建造 put up with 忍受，忍耐 put away 儲存……以備用；儲蓄 put off 推遲，拖延 put forward 提出(建議，意見)
12．To cover the expense(支付開銷)，they set up a stand(n.攤位) at the farmers’ market to sell their healthy milkweeds for people to plant.
13．Although the fundraising days were long，they finally succeeded in earning(succeed in doing sth成功做某事) enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
14．Our next step is to cut down(削減，減少) on the use of chemicals to guarantee a safe environment for the monarchs.
15．Dating back to(現在分詞短語作狀語) the Tang Dynasty(AD 618－907)，a trail linking(現在分詞作定語，修飾a trail) Hangzhou’s Tianmu Mountain and Huangshan’s Yellow Mountain was formed to exchange goods between the two regions.Unit 5　Poems
1．Your poetry can be laid out as you wish，as we understand that form often relates to(與……有關；adj.related相關的；be related to與……有關) the effect of a poem.
2．However，please be sure to stick to(堅持……原則) a maximum of 3 pages per poem.
3．Writers over the age of thirteen are welcome to participate(參加)．
4．Indeed loneliness is now widely recognized as(被公認為……) a major public health problem.
It is recognized that...人們公認…… beyond recognition認不出來
5．What is perhaps less obvious(what引導主語從句) is one answer to the problem：the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others.
6．I first got involved in(涉及，參與) how poetry can support our emotional well-being after I wrote a memoir...
7．Poetry lets us connect with other people who(who引導定語從句) have experienced similar emotions.
8．I remember one woman starting to cry as(相當于when，引導時間狀語從句) she read Derek Walcott’s poem “Love After Love” during a workshop held at my local hospital in West London(過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾workshop)．
9．She had，in Walcott’s phrase，struggled to[努力(做)……] “love again the stranger who was yourself”．
struggle to do...努力做……；掙扎著做…… struggle against/with同……作斗爭；與……抗爭 struggle for 為……而斗爭/奮斗 struggle to one’s feet掙扎著站起來
10．Given(鑒于) my own experience，I think having a poem to keep us company can help us all feel a greater sense of belonging(歸屬感)．
11．To the Swedes，there are few smells more pleasant than(否定詞＋比較級＝最高級) that of surstromming(鮮魚罐頭)．
12．New research，however，suggests(表明) that might not be the case(實情，事實)．
13．All 235 participants were asked to rank(v.把……分等級；排列；n.地位，等級) smells according to pleasantness.
14．The researchers noted that pleasantness rankings of the smells were remarkably consistent regardless of(不管，不顧) where people came from.
15．In contrast(相比之下)，cultural factors accounted for(占……比例) just 6% of the results.
16．For football and basketball，adding talented players to(把……增加到……) a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where(where引導定語從句修飾point) 70% of the players are top talent; above that level，the team’s performance begins to decline.
17．They conclude that when task interdependence(n.相互依賴) is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while(作并列連詞，表對比) individual talent will have positive effects on(對……有積極的影響) team performance when task interdependence is lower.
18．Another possibility is that(引導表語從句) too much talent on a team can lead to(導致) decreased motivation and effort from some players.

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