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選擇性必修第二冊
Unit 1　Science and Scientists
1．Her family is famous for(因……而出名；be famous as 作為……而出名) producing three famous women scientists，including her two sisters.
2．The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission(鈾核裂變)，which drew global attention(吸引全球的關注) and earned them worldwide reputations(贏得世界聲譽)，also marking a milestone in the development of China’s experimental fission physics.
3．She passed away(去世) in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97，nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang.
4．She dedicated herself to(致力于……) science，living a simple life，always nurturing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued.(由and連接的三個并列的現在分詞短語作狀語；that引導定語從句修飾standards)
5．Anti-misting sprays(噴霧劑) are one way to deal with(處理) such fogging.
6．Another approach(方法) is to fix within the thing to be demisted a set of electrically powered heating wires.
approach n．方法；途徑；接近 v．接近；靠近 an approach to...(做某事的)方法/途徑 at the approach of在快到……的時候 be approaching將要來臨
7．Its demisting properties are powered(熟詞生義：驅動，推動) by sunlight.
8．Gold acts as(充當) a medium in the heating process.
9．The network will now absorb heat if left in the sunshine.(狀語從句的省略)
10．Glass coated(熟詞生義：給……涂上) with Mr Hachler’s and Dr Poulikakos’s invention is，they claim，four times more effective at preventing fog than an uncounted surface.(倍數表達)
11．Can you draw an image of what you think a typical day in the forest during spring would look like (what引導的賓語從句作介詞of的賓語)
12．As I wrapped up the piece，there followed a short silence(完全倒裝) before Kate said...
13．Sometimes all(此處為省略that的定語從句) we need is to use our creativity and try different methods when facing difficulties(狀語從句的省略)．
14．I also learned a valuable problem-solving skill，which(引導非限制性定語從句) I applied to(應用于) my daily life.
apply to...for... 向……申請…… apply...to... 把……應用在……上；把……涂抹在……上 apply oneself to (doing) sth致力于/集中精力于…… applicant n．申請人 application n．申請；應用
15．...24-year-old Alex Wong found himself struggling(find＋賓語＋賓補) with his mental health.
16．It was during this time that(強調句型) Wong felt that he needed to find purpose and meaning in his life...
17．Helping my homeless friends(動名詞短語作主語) has given my days new meaning and purpose and made me realize how good life can be(how引導賓語從句作realize的賓語)．Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
1．I have heard about this place ever since I got married.(since引導時間狀語從句，主句謂語常用現在完成時)
2．I ended up visiting(end up doing 最終做，結果……) it six years after being married.
3．Anyway，I was all set to have a very “average”(熟詞生義：普通的，一般的) experience in the south of Italy in every sense but I was in for a surprise.
4．That’s because I have visited a lot of amazing beaches and islands.(because引導表語從句，意為“這是因為……”)
5．If there’s one country that’s so culturally powerful that(如此……以至于……) everyone has to experience it at least once，it has got to be Italy.
so＋＋that從句
6．Faced with(過去分詞短語作狀語) many challenges，he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.
7．As I applied to graduate school，I knew I would play wherever I was planning to go(wherever引導地點狀語從句)．
8．University of Michigan Adaptive Sports and Fitness was formed in 2018 to address(熟詞生義：解決) the inequitable access to physical activity opportunities，competitive and recreational，for students with disabilities at University of Michigan.
9．The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”，ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation(現在分詞短語作狀語)．
10．Without enough sharing of information，this can affect(影響) the effectiveness of conservation measures.
(1)be affected by 受……的影響；被……感動 be affected with感染……疾病 (2)effect n．作用；影響 have an effect on對……產生影響
11．It is classified as(被歸類為……) vulnerable species(易危物種) and crosses 108 countries in Europe，Asia and north Africa，where a total of(總共，總計) 75 official languages are spoken.
12．...and is the reason why we’re working hard to improve science communication across languages.(why引導定語從句，修飾the reason)
13．My university is located in(位于，坐落于) Moscow，the capital of Russia，which is a city with a long history.
14．The second(the＋瞬間名詞moment，minute，instant，second等，意為“一……就……”，相當于as soon as) I stepped out of(走出) the airport，I immediately felt how cold it was outside.
15．I gradually overcame the difficulties of studying abroad and came to adjust to(適應)my new environment.
adjust v．調整，調節；適應，習慣 adjust(oneself) to sth/doing sth(使自己)適應……；(使自己)習慣…… At first，I find it hard to adjust myself to the new class. adjustment n．調整；調節；適應 adjustable adj.可調整的，可調節的
16．The first challenge was the language barrier(語言障礙)．
17．After learning Russian in China，I realized that my skills were nowhere near enough(遠遠不夠)．
18．Tickets for concerts and cultural events here are relatively cheap，making it easy to enrich my life on weekends.(現在分詞短語作結果狀語；make it＋adj.＋to do)Unit 3　Food and Culture
1．Franco Bergamino is like a surprise “hidden recipe” among young people in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality，where(where引導非限制性定語從句) the 62-year-old Italian chef runs(經營) a dessert house called Mimosa(過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾a dessert house)．
2．The dessert house serves wine jelly with green pepper cheese，jasmine mousse and peach-Oolong cake—fusion (融合) desserts that combine Italian specialties with(combine A with B 把A與B結合起來) local Chinese ingredients(原料)．
3．In 2016，he settled in Chongqing and set up(建立，創立) a dessert workshop.
4．Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35，a group that is more willing to(be willing to do樂意做某事) try overseas tastes partly due to(因為，由于) China’s continued opening to the outside world.
5．“I hope I can live to 95 and still work，” he said，so that(引導目的狀語從句) he can，besides bringing authentic Italian desserts to more customers having a sweet tooth...
6．Here’s a recipe for a good animal rescue story：Take one residential creek (小溪)，add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined(adj.堅決的；有決心的；意志堅定的) biologists.
be determined to do sth 決心做某事(表狀態) determine v．決定；查明；裁決 determine to do sth決心做某事(表動作) determination n．堅定；決心
7．Biologists with Clearwater Marine Aquarium had been monitoring(過去完成進行時表示動作的持續) it since Jan.1.
8．Clearwater Marine Aquarium partnered(熟詞生義：與……合作) with NOAA Fisheries and the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission to guard the dolphin to safety.
9．The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder(肩并肩地) and navigate[熟詞生義：小心翼翼地繞過(障礙)] trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by.
10．The human encouragement worked(奏效，起作用)，though there was a moment of uncertainty as(as引導時間狀語從句) the team members neared(near此處用作動詞，意為：接近，靠近) the bridge and weren’t sure if the dolphin went through.(if 引導賓語從句)
11．Days earlier，Sarah Bellamy had received a mysterious email saying (現在分詞作定語修飾 email) that(that引導賓語從句作saying的賓語) a wealth management company was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra.
12．As this story went to press，Scott had just donated her latest money bomb(熟詞生義：很多錢)，revealing in late March that she’d given away(捐贈)$3.9 billion.
13．The Wentian lab module was launched from the Wenchang space base (n.基地) on the tropical island province of Hainan with a large crowd of amateur photographers and space lovers watching(with復合結構作伴隨狀語)．
base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……為根據 be based on/upon以……為根據(基礎) basis n．原因；基礎 on a daily/regular basis每天/定期 basic adj.基本的；基礎的
14．After 13 hours of flight，it successfully(adv.成功地；n.success；v.succeed；adj.successful) docked(對接) with the Tiangong station’s main Tianhe living module at 3：13 a．m.
15．The Wentian was designed for(為……而設計) science and biology experiments，and its feature is that(that引導表語從句) the 23-ton lab module was heavier than any other single-module spacecraft currently in space.
(1)be designed for.../to do sth為……而設計/旨在做…… (2)by design (＝on purpose)故意地，蓄意地 by accident/by chance偶然地
16．China’s space program launched its first astronaut into orbit in 2003，making it only the third country to do so on its own.(不定式作后置定語修飾the third country)
(1)當中心詞是序數詞或中心詞被序數詞、形容詞最高級等修飾時或前有the next，the only，the last等時，常用不定式作后置定語。 (2)一些抽象名詞常用動詞不定式作后置定語，常見的抽象名詞有：ability，chance，ambition，attempt，belief等。Unit 4　Journey Across a Vast Land
1．The walking tour，which covers(行走一段路程) 1.2 miles at a leisurely pace，focuses on(集中注意力于；特別關注) the neighborhood located(過去分詞作定語) under the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
cover 一詞多義 v．覆蓋；夠付(費用)；行走(一段路程)；涉及；報道；掩飾 n．封皮
2．Plus，you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as(和；還) views of Sydney Opera House.
(1)as well as“既……又……”，可連接兩個平行結構 (2)as well as連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數與前面的主語保持一致
3．Children must be accompanied by(由……陪伴) an adult.
4．It instructed me to turn right once more.With every turn，the street narrowed(熟詞生義：變狹窄)．
5．The new road was even narrower，the walls so close you feel hard to hold your breath(屏住呼吸)．
take a deep breath 深吸一口氣 out of breath上氣不接下氣
6．The driver gestured(熟詞生義：打手勢)，telling(現在分詞作伴隨狀語) me I’ll have to make way.
7．I didn’t have the nerve(熟詞生義：勇氣) to back up along the impossibly narrow road.
8．Food deserts are generally classified as geographic regions where people have few or limited options to purchase nutritious and affordable(負擔得起的) foods like vegetables and fruits.
動詞加后綴-able可以構成形容詞，如：available可用的，可獲得的；comfortable令人舒適的；remarkable引人注目的，非凡的；considerable相當大的，相當重要的；acceptable可接受的；sustainable可持續的；drinkable可飲用的；adjustable可調整的；reasonable有道理的，合情理的；favorable有利的；贊成的；valuable值錢的，貴重的；reliable可靠的，可信賴的，等等。
9．Urban areas lacking access to(接觸/使用權) fresh foods are generally divided by racial and economic lines.
have/gain/get access to有接近/使用……的機會或權利 be accessible to……是可以接近/使用的
10．...a lack of access to a vehicle and limited(adj.有限的；v.& n．limit 限制 n．limitation 限制，局限) or nonexistent public transportation contribute to(導致) food accessibility challenges.
contribute to為……做貢獻；有助于；促成 contribute...to...為……捐款；向……投稿 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth為(做)某事做出貢獻
11．Even public utility(設施) challenges，like poorly maintained roads，can prevent big companies from(阻止……) setting up shops in neighborhoods that most need their goods and services，according to Harvard Business Review.
12．There，you will find yourself drawn in and inspired(adj.受到鼓舞的；adj.inspiring 鼓舞人心的；n.inspiration 靈感)！(find＋賓語＋賓補)
13．They also design exhibitions related to visual arts，industrial innovations and anything that(先行詞為不定代詞，只能由that引導定語從句) inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
14．They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to(讓某人接觸……) knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons.
15．They have activities and exhibitions through which(“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句) visitors can learn about local history.Unit 5　First Aid
1．Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response(n.回應；v.respond 對……作出回應，與to連用)．
2．But before an ambulance can get to the scene，the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who(who引導的定語從句修飾anyone) is injured seriously makes a difference(有影響，起作用) between life and death.
3．This is a course designed to provide(過去分詞短語作后置定語) a wide variety of(多種多樣的) healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies...
4．In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to(傾向于) think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.
5．For example，a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on(擔任) the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”．
6．Further，we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result shows it is not an ideal strategy(理想的策略)．
7．Future research should figure out(弄清楚，弄明白)whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.
8．To communicate better and enrich his later life(豐富他以后的生活)，I bought him an iPhone，but my father strongly resisted using(resist doing sth 抵制做某事) it.
9．For a long time，I could still picture(picture此處為熟詞生義，意為“想象”)Dad’s ear emerging on the screen，which(引導非限制性定語從句) made me laugh.
10．He caught on(學會) fast and became crazy about(對……癡迷) it.
11．Researchers are using AI to train robots about appropriate laughter，and to distinguish between
chuckles and screams.(區分/辨別……和……) distinguish...from...使……有別于……；把……與……區分開 distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；高貴的
12．“We think that one of the most important functions(“one of the＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復數”表示“最……之一”) of conversational AI is sympathy，” said Dr Koji Inoue，a professor.
13．So we decided that one way a robot can empathize(共情) with users is to share their laughter(動詞不定式作表語)，which you cannot do with a text-based chatbot.
14．It may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.(it＋takes＋時間段＋before...需要多長時間才會……)

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