資源簡介

Unit 7: Work for Peace
Lesson 40: The UN-The Power of Words
LESSON PREPARATION
LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
掌握詞匯：situation, satisfy
◎接觸詞匯：suffer, headquaters, security. permanent, forever
◎短語和句型：suffer through. World War II, the United Nations (UN), the Secretary-General, the UN Security Council, permanent member
RESOURCES
Audiotape
LESSON STRUCTURE
CLASS OPENING
Greeting
Greet the class. Start the lesson by having a discussion about war. What does war mean Why is war bad What are some wars they know about Teacher: What is a war
Students: A war is when two countries or more fight with one another.
Teacher: That's right. Is war a happy time Students: No.
Teacher: Correct. War is a sad time. People are fighting and hurting one another. Do you know about any wars
Allow several students to respond.
Teacher: Countries go to war for many different reasons. But war is never the answer. Today's lesson is about the UN. In 1945, after World War II ended, some countries got together and formed the United Nations (UN). The UN is a group of countries that all joined together to talk about their disputes and try to come to an agreement peacefully instead of fighting. Do you think that's a good idea
Students: Yes.
Teacher: I agree. Now let's look at the lesson and learn more.
Review
1)Homework check.
2)Have the students trade and complete the Grammar Quiz they created with a partner.
KEY CONCEPTS
FOCUS STRUCTURES:
In the early twentieth century, people suffered through many wars.
When World War II was over, an organization called the United Nations (UN) was formed to help countries talk about their problems instead of fighting.
The head of the UN, chosen by all the member states, is called the Secretary-General.
Step 1: Present
CLASS/GROUP WORK: Dig In and Think About It
1) Discuss the role of the UN and the Dig In as a class.
2)Divide the class into groups to discuss the Think About It questions.
3)Ask the groups to share their answers with the class.
Step 2: Read
PAIR WORK: Let's Do It! No.1
1)Instruct the students to read Lesson 40 and complete the mind map with a partner.
2)Draw a large mind map on the board. Discuss the answers as a class and add to the mind map.
3)Go over the mastery words and phrases for this lesson.
Step 3: Task
INDEPENDENT WORK: Let's Do It! No.2 1)Ask the students to fill in the blanks independently. 2)Check the answers and analyze the speech as a class.
Step 4: Task
INDEPENDENT/GROUP WORK: Project
Instruct the students to independently write a speech about how the UN can work together to stop or prevent war. They should all write the speech as if they were representatives of China in the UN.
2)Have the students present their speeches in groups and then discuss their ideas and opinions.
3)Ask the groups to share some of things they learned and talked about in their discussion.
4)If time allows, ask some individual students to read their speeches to the class.
CLASS CLOSING
1)Role-play a UN meeting.
Divide the class into groups. Each group will represent a country in the UN. Then present the class with a problem that the UN needs to solve.
2)Assign homework:
UN News Report: Do some research and write a news report about one instance where the UN has helped bring peace to the world.
o What did the UN do and why
o How did it make a difference Who did they help
EXTENSION
CLASS WORK: Secret Word
1)Play Secret Word to review any vocabulary from this lesson.
2)Choose the vocabulary you want to review. 3)Play the audiotape for Let's Do It! No.2 in Lesson 40. Tell the students to signal when they hear the vocabulary. To signal, you could ask them to put up a hand, to stand, to make a noise or perform an action.
4)To make the game more complicated, review more than one word or phrase at a time, and give the students different signals for each. For example, you may want to place emphasis on any phrases or clauses with conjunctions.
* See the "Games"section at the back of this guide for further instructions on how to play.
LANGUAGE NOTES
1. In the early twentieth century, people suffered through many wars.20世紀初，人們在很多戰爭 中受苦受難。
（1）suffer在本句中用作不及物動詞，意思是“受痛苦；受苦難”。表示“受.··的苦”，通常用suffer from。例如：
The patient is still suffering.病人仍很痛苦。 I am suffering from a headache.我正在遭受頭痛之 苦。
They suffered from a serious flood last year.去年他 們遭受一場大水災。
（2）through的意思是“在整個···期間；從頭至尾”。例如：
He studied his project through the night. 他研究他 的課題研究了一整夜。
I will read through the novel. 我要把這本小說從頭 至尾看一遍。
2. The headquarters of the UN is in New York City. 聯合國總部在紐約市。
headquarters 是一個單復同形的名詞，意思是“總部，總機構；司令部，指揮部”。這樣的詞還有means(方法，手段)，works(工廠)，species(種類)，series(系列)，barracks(營房)等，其后
動詞的單復數形式取決于這些名詞是用作單數，還是用作復數。例如：
A headquarters was set up to direct the battle.建立 了一個司令部來指揮戰斗。
The two headquarters are near.那兩個總部離得很 近。
The only means to pass exams is to study hard. 通過 考試的唯一辦法是努力學習。
All means have been tried out to solve the problem. 為解決這個問題，所有方法都嘗試過了。
A new works has been built up in our town.我們城 里建了一座新工廠。
How many works are there in the city 這城市里有 多少家工廠？
3. The UN Security Council has fifteen members, five of which are permanent members -China, France, Russia, the U.K. and the U.S.聯合國安理會有15個 成員國，其中5個為常任理事國——中國、法國、俄羅斯、英國和美國。
of which/whom 常與 some, any, many, few, most, all, either, neither, none 或基數詞連用，of表部分關系， 含義為“其中···”。以上不定代詞或基數詞也可以置于of which/whom之后。例如：
He asked question after question, some of which we couldn't answer.他問了一個又一個問題，其中一些我們不能回答。
I picked up the apples, three of which were badly bruised.我拾起了那些蘋果，其中有三個已經摔壞了。
He always had to worry about neighboring kings, many of whom were unfriendly and threatening.他 總是對鄰近的國王們憂心忡忡，那些國王中有很多不友善，具有威脅性。
I have many friends, of whom none is a businessman. 我有許多朋友，其中沒有一個是商人。
I live in a house, the windows of which face south.= I live in a house. of which the windows face south. I live in a house. whose windows face south. 住在一所房子里，房子的窗戶朝南。
4. It is not always easy for the members to reach an agreement.成員們達成協議不總是容易的。
本句中it是形式主語，實際主語是帶邏輯主語的動詞不定式 for the members to reach an agreement。
動詞不定式的邏輯主語由for引出，這與前面作
表語的形容詞有關系。如果前面是表示人的品格的形容詞，如kind,clever, foolish, careful,nice等 作表語，則用of引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語。例如：
It is kind of you to help me with my English. (=You are kind to help me with my English.)你幫我學英 語太好了。
It was foolish of him to meet her again. (=He was foolish to meet her again.)他跟她再次見面是愚蠢 的。
It was careless of her to make such a mistake. (=She was careless to make such a mistake.)犯這樣一個 錯誤，她太粗心了。
5. Just imagine how difficult it is to satisfy all 193 members！試請想像一下，讓所有193個成員（國）都滿意是多么的困灘呀！
just是副詞，用于祈使句中的意思是“試請，且請”起加強語氣的作用。例如：
Just look at the strange figure!且看那個奇怪的東 西！
Just listen to him!且聽他說些什么！ Just a moment!請稍等！
6. Let's hope that the great idea they had in 1945 to prevent war will last forever.讓我們期待著他們 1945年想出的阻止戰爭的理念永遠傳下去吧。
that 引導 hope 的賓語從句，從句的謂語是willlast。 they had in 1945和 to prevent war 都是 idea 的定語，前者是省略了that的賓語從句，后者是動詞不定式。表示“··理念（思想）”，還可用of短語作定語。例如：
Do you understand the general idea of what I said 你明白我的話的大意嗎？
My purpose is to get a better idea of education.我的 目的是更好地了解教育。

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