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Unit 7: Work for Peace
Lesson 38: Making School a Better Place
LESSON PREPARATION
LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
◎掌握詞匯：president,provide,agreement
接觸詞匯：Danielle,council,organization, religion, dispute
◎短語(yǔ)和句型：student council, provide.. for.., in the end, reach an agreement
RESOURCES
. audiotape · Conjunctions worksheet LESSON STRUCTURE
CLASS OPENING
Greeting
Greet the class.
Teacher: Good morning/afternoon, class. Let's get started with today's lesson.
Review
1)Homework check.
2)Ask the students to hand in their diary entries.
KEY CONCEPTS
FOCUS STRUCTURES:
I'm in Grade 9 this year, and I'm president of the student council at my school.
In December, we decided to raise money for an organization that provides food for poor people in our city.
We sold tickets and, in the end, we made about $300. During student council meetings, we have to work together, but it's not always easy for us to reach an agreement.
Step 1: Present
CLASS WORK: Dig In and Think About It
Discuss the title of Lesson 38 (Making School a Better Place) and the Dig In as a class.
Teacher: We have a great school. And even though we love our school, there are always ways we can improve. What do you think we can improve at our school How can we improve it
Students: We need to improve our library. We need more new books. We can raise money and buy new books or ask bookstores to donate books to our school library.
Teacher: Good idea. Now, in order to raise the money or ask for a donation, we must be organized and create a plan. A student council is a group of students that discusses possible changes and improvements they can make in their school, and then they make a plan.
2)Discuss the Think About It questions and explain some of the mastery phrases.
Teacher: Is there a student council in our school What does it do
Allow several students to respond.
Teacher: Is it always easy working in groups What are some challenges that you might face when you work in a group
Students: Sometimes there are disagreements between group members. This can be a challenge. Teacher: That's right. Why is it a challenge
Students: A group can only work well if they can get along and work together. If people in the group are fighting, they cannot work together and they cannot get work done.
Teacher: Very good. When you work in a group, it is important that you all do your best to work together. Write the phrase reach an agreement on the board. Explain.
If there is a dispute, you must try to reach an agreement by listening to one another and trying to understand one another. To reach an agreement means that everyone involved in the decision agrees. We are all different. That is what makes this world so beautiful and interesting, but our differences can sometimes cause us to have disputes. We must work together to resolve our disputes in a peaceful and positive way. In the end, peace can only be achieved if we work together.
Write the phrase in the end on the board. Explain. What do I mean when I say "in the end" I mean eventually or upon reflection. Now let's read Lesson 38 and find out how Danielle helps to make her school a better place.
Step 2: Read
PAIR/CLASS WORK: Let's Do It! No.1
1) Have the students read Lesson 38 and answer the true or false questions with a partner.
2)Discuss the answers as a class. Correct any false statements.
3)Go over the mastery words and phrases for this lesson.
Step 3: Explain
CLASS WORK: Conjunctions (Learn to Learn) 1) Explain what conjunctions are and how they are used.
Conjunctions: A conjunction is a word or phrase that shows the relationship between two words, phrases or clauses.
and is used to show an agreement between words/clauses
EXAMPLE
She is happy and excited.
In this example, "and" is used to show the positive agreement between the two positive words "happy"and "excited".
but is used to show a disagreement between words/clauses
EXAMPLE
She is happy but nervous.
In this example, "but" is used to show disagreement between the words"happy"(a positive word)and "nervous"(a negative word). so is used to show a reason between words/ clauses
EXAMPLE
I went to sleep early, so that I could wake up early.
In this example, "so" is used to show that the reason for going to sleep early is to wake up early.
or is used to show agreement or disagreement between words/clauses
EXAMPLE
I don't like blue or yellow.
In this example, "or" is used to show agreement between the fact that both the colours "blue" and "yellow" are not liked.
2)Have the students complete the Conjunctions worksheet.
1. I usually ride my bike to school, but today I am walking.
agreement/disagreement/reason 2. I like strawberries and chocolate. agreement/disagreement/reason
3. I don't do well in math or science class. agreement/disagreement/reason
4. I studied hard, so that I could do well on the exam.
agreement/disagreement/reason
5. She is good at drawing, but she is not very good at cooking.
agreement/disagreement/reason
6. I enjoy playing sports and listening to music. agreement/disagreement/reason
7. After dinner, I go to my room to read and relax.
agreement/disagreement/reason
8. It's raining outside, so I think I'll take an umbrella.
agreement/disagreement/reason
9. He is always smiling, but he is never happy. agreement/disagreement/reason
10. We can go to the movies tonight or tomorrow night.
agreement/disagreement/reason
Practice creating your own sentences using the conjunctions"and", "but", "or"and "so".
1.________________________________________
2.________________________________________
3.________________________________________
3)Check the answers as a class. Step 4: Task
GROUP WORK: Let's Do It! No.4
1)Try this activity on the board as a class before you divide the class into groups.
2)Divide the class into groups of three. Student A and B each write one sentence on a slip of paper. Student A and B's sentences should somehow complement each other. Students should refer to the example in the student book. Student C then joins the two sentences that Student A and B wrote with the appropriate conjunction.
EXAMPLE
Student A I like cookies. Student B I don't like cake. Student C
I like cookies, and I don't like cake. I like cookies, but I don't like cake.
3)Students should do the exercise a few times until they've each had a turn to be Student A, B and C. 4)Have the students present their final sentences to the class.
CLASS CLOSING 1)Complete Let's Do It! No.3.
Students do the exercise independently. Then check and correct their answers in groups.
2)Assign homework:
Read Lesson 38 and write down all of the sentences in the lesson that use conjunctions. Then indicate whether those conjunctions are to show agreement, disagreement or reason.
Complete Let's Do It! No.2
EXTENSION
CLASS WORK: Spell It
Play Spell It to review any vocabulary and conjunctions.
1) Divide the class into two large teams. Write blanks for any word or phrase across the blackboard (leave space between words in phrases).
2)The teams take turns guessing letters that go in the blanks.
3) You or a volunteer from the class write correct guesses in the correct blanks. A team may guess the word or phrase before all the letters are filled in, but must then correctly spell the entire word or phrase from the beginning. The first team to do this wins. Sample Words and Phrases:
I didn't enjoy the movie, but my mom and my sister did.
Barak Obama is the president of the United States. The two countries made an agreement not to fight anymore.
Animals provide us with food and materials.
* See the "Games"section at the back of this guide for further instructions on how to play.
LANGUAGE NOTES
1. I'm in Grade 9 this year, and I'm president of the student council at my school.今年我上九年級(jí)，擔(dān) 任學(xué)校的學(xué)生會(huì)主席。
表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職務(wù)的名詞前，通常不用冠詞。但用這些詞指代任職的人時(shí)，要用冠詞。例如：Who's(the) captain of your team 誰(shuí)是你們的隊(duì) 長(zhǎng)？
John was elected monitor of the class.約翰被選為 班長(zhǎng)。
They elected John (the) chairman of the committee. 他們選約翰當(dāng)委員會(huì)主席。
Mr. Smith asked me to act as interpreter.史密斯要 我當(dāng)翻譯。
Once there lived an old mayor in the city.從前這座 城市里有一位老市長(zhǎng)。
The governor visited our village last week.上周州 長(zhǎng)參觀了我們村。
2. Student councils work to make schools better places to learn.學(xué)生會(huì)的工作就是使學(xué)校成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所。
to learn在句中作places的定語(yǔ)， learn用作不及
物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞的不定形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常搭配適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例如：
I need a room to live in.我需要一間屋子住。
She has a lot of friends to talk with.她有很多可以 交談的朋友。
但是，這樣的不定式作place的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略介詞。例如：
It was very difficult for them to find a place to sleep （in）.他們很難找到睡覺(jué)的地方。
3. In the council, we share our ideas, interests and concerns with teachers and others.在學(xué)生會(huì)里,我 們與老師們和其他同學(xué)們分享我們的思想、興趣和事務(wù)。
（1） share的意思是“分享”。share還可以表示“與他人共用；允許他人使用；與他人均分某物；與他人共同承擔(dān)責(zé)任或費(fèi)用；與他人共有相同的經(jīng)歷或觀點(diǎn)等 告訴他人自己的觀點(diǎn)、秘密或困難”。例如：
Sam and I share a room.山姆和我合住一屋。
We don't have enough books so you'll have to share.
我們沒(méi)有足夠的書(shū)，因此，你們要一塊看。
The three of us shared a taxi.我們?nèi)舜畛艘惠v出 租車(chē)。
As a kid, he'd never share his toys.小時(shí)候，他從 不讓別人玩他的玩具。
You don't have to buy a newspaper; you can share mine.你不必買(mǎi)報(bào)紙，可以看我的。
They shared the cake between them.他們分了那塊 蛋糕。
At his death, his property was shared out between his children.他死后，他的財(cái)產(chǎn)由其孩子們平分。We all share some of the blame for the accident.關(guān) 于這場(chǎng)事故，我們都難辭其咎。
I believe my view is widely shared.我相信我的觀 點(diǎn)能得到廣泛認(rèn)同。
（2）concern 用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意思是“事務(wù)”。例如：Mind your own concerns.別多管閑事。
She is busy with some household concems.她在忙 家務(wù)。
4. In December, we decided to raise money for an organization that provides food for poor people in our city.在12月份，我們決定為本市一個(gè)給窮人提供食物的組織集資。
（1）表示“為某人提供某物”可以用provide sthfor/to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以用 provide sb. with sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
This restaurant provides good meals for this area.這 家飯店為這個(gè)地區(qū)供應(yīng)上好的膳食。
It is our duty to provide aid to them.為他們提供援 助是我們的責(zé)任。
Mary provides him with money. 瑪麗供給他錢(qián)。 (2)that provides food for poor people in our city是 定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 an organization,that在從句中作 主語(yǔ)。例如：
My father works in a factory that produces washing machines.我父親在一家生產(chǎn)洗衣機(jī)的工廠上班。5. We sold tickets and, in the end, we made about $300.我們出售比賽的門(mén)票，最后，我們賺了大約300美元。
in the end 和 at the end一樣，都可以表示“最終， 最后，結(jié)果”。例如：
At/In the end everything was all right.最后一切正 常了。
Although we had many difficulties, we were successful in/at the end.雖然我們困難重重，但終 于還是成功了。
6. I think we should work together towards peace in our schools and in the world.我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該共同 努力讓學(xué)校氛圍融洽，讓世界和平
work toward（s）的意思是“努力達(dá)到；設(shè)法獲得”。例如：
The United Nations is working towards having the two countries sign a peace agreement.聯(lián)合國(guó)正在 努力促成那兩個(gè)國(guó)家簽訂一項(xiàng)和平協(xié)議。
We should work towards a solution as soon as possible.我們應(yīng)盡快設(shè)法找到解決的辦法。
7. We need to learn about different countries and make friends with people from other cultures.我們 需要了解不同的國(guó)家，與不同文化背景的人交朋友。
learn about 的意思是“知道；了解”。例如：Learning about foreign cultures is very important. 了解外國(guó)文化很重要。

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