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上海2024年七年級英語上冊新教材知識點整理
7AU4
【A】Smart devices Viewing and listening
1. smart devices 智能設備
【詞匯】smart ①adj. 智能的 e.g. Smart home devices make it easier to control your home appliances remotely.
②adj. 聰明的；整潔的；時髦的
e.g. She is a smart(=clever) student who always get good grades.
e.g. She dressed in a smart way for the interview.
2. Lu Yao’s class is visiting a Tech Expo. They are reading a leaflet “The house of future”. 陸遙的班級正在參觀科技博覽會。他們正在看一份“未來之家”的宣傳單。
【詞匯1】Tech Expo 科技博覽會
【提示】Tech是Technology(科技)的縮寫，Expo是Exposition(展覽會)的縮寫。類似用法：World Expo(世界博覽會)，Auto Expo(汽車博覽會)。
【其他】exposition, exhibition, show, fair都可以表示展覽會。
e.g. The latest computers will be on show at the exhibition.
e.g. All these years new models are displayed at the motor show.
e.g. The book fair is a great opportunity to discover new authors and books.
【詞匯2】leaflet n. 傳單；(宣傳或廣告)小冊子 e.g. The leaflet explains how to use the new machine properly.
3. Make your House of smart home. It can make your life convenient. 讓你的家成為智能家庭，這會使你的生活便利。
【詞匯】make v. 制作；使……(此處用法)
(1) make sth./sb. + 形容詞， “讓……怎么樣”； e.g. The smart thermostat makes our house comfortable.
(2) make sb. + do sth.， “讓……做……” e.g. I will make the students correct the mistakes by themselves.
(3) make sth./sb. +名詞。“讓……成為” e.g. We decided to make Lin Dong our monitor.
【提示】make常見搭配：
make a decision做出決定 make a choice做出選擇
make a difference產生影響 make a film拍電影
make a living謀生 make a mistake犯錯
make a noise發出噪音 make an effort做出努力
make sense有道理 make it成功做到
make fun of嘲笑…… make money掙錢
make progress取得進步 make the bed鋪床
make friends with和……交朋友 make up one’s mind下定決心
4. We can help find the right smart devices for your home. 我們能幫你的家找到最合適的智能家用電器。
【詞匯】right adj. 合適的 e.g. I’m waiting for the right moment to tell him the bad news.
【提示】right可用作名詞、形容詞、副詞、感嘆詞等，意思用法豐富。如下：
① adj. 正確的。 e.g. I believe that this is the right decision.
② n. 右邊。 e.g. Miss Li is talking to the boy of her right.
③ adv. 正好。 e.g. Use your right hand.
④ n. 權力。 e.g. Animals and human beings have the same right to live on the Earth.
5. The smart speaker controls the smart lights and is connected to the smartphone. 智能揚聲器控制智能燈，并且和智能手機連接。
【詞匯1】control v. 控制(control-controlled-controlled) e.g. Firefighters took two hours to control the fire.
n. 控制；控制能力。 e.g. It took two hours to bring the fire under control.
【提示】與control相關的常見搭配有：
remote control遙控器 lose control失去控制
gain control取得控制 self-control自制力
out of control失去控制 under control得到控制
have control of/over sth.控制住
【詞匯2】be connected to/with與……連接(被動用法)
e.g. These devices should be connected to power supplies.
主動用法：connect A to/with B 連接A 與B
e.g. Can I connect my printer to your computer
e.g. A regular bus service connects the train station with the town center.
【聯想】connection n. 連接(處)；關系；聯系
e.g. I can’t seem to make a connection with the Wi-Fi.
e.g. There is a strong connection between exercise and good health.
6. smart lock 智能鎖
【詞匯】lock n. 鎖 e.g. We need a new lock for our bedroom door.
v. (用鎖)鎖上；被鎖住 e.g. Please lock the door when you leave.
7. The smart door has an alarm that will go off if any stranger tries to enter. 智能門鎖設有警報器, 如果有陌生人試圖進入, 警報就會響起。
【詞匯1】alarm n. 警報器 e.g. A car alarm went off in the middle of the night.
n. 警報；驚恐；恐慌
the alarm clock鬧鐘 set the alarm設定警報器;上鬧鐘
raise/sound the alarm發出警報 cause alarm引起恐慌
【詞匯2】go off (警報器)突發巨響；(電燈)熄滅；(電氣設備)停止運轉；(炸彈)爆炸
e.g. The alarm clock went off at 7 o’clock.
e.g. The power suddenly went off and the whole house was dark.
e.g. The device is about to go off any second.
【詞匯3】if conj. 如果
【提示】if構成條件狀語從句, “如果, 假如”。主從句時態為“主將從現”。
e.g. You will reach your goal if you try your best.
【詞匯4】stranger n. 陌生人 e.g. I don’t feel comfortable talking to strangers.
【聯想】strange adj. 奇怪的；陌生的；不熟悉的
8. The smart camera helps you know what is happening in every room at any time. 智能攝像頭可以幫助你隨時了解每個房間的情況。
【用法】What is happening in every room at any time是一個賓語從句，做動詞know的賓語，用來說明知道的內容。
【詞匯】happen v. (尤指偶然)發生；出現
【提示】happen近義詞take place。Happen多用于偶然事件的發生，take place主要用于事先計劃好的事情。
e.g. The traffic accident happened at 4 o’clock on Monday afternoon.
e.g. The Olympic Games take place once every three years.
[B] Smart living Speaking
知識梳理
1. Lu Yao and her school friends are exploring a model smart home at the Tech Expo. 陸遙和她的同學們正在科技博覽會上探索一個智能家居樣板間。
【詞轉】explore v. 探索；探究(用法比較靈活，具體如下：）
可以用于描述對地理區域的探險、游歷 e.g.We can hire bikes for a day to explore the town.
還可描述對抽象概念的探索，e.g. explore ideas（探討想法）；explore problems（探討問題）。
（3）explore 可以與介詞for 搭配，形成短語 explore sth. for sth.，意為“探索某事物以獲取某物”。
e.g. The company explored the area for (= searched the area for) oil.
explorer n. 探險者；勘探者；考家者
e.g. As an explorer, he was always ready to face new challenges.
exploration n. 勘探；勘查；探索
e.g. The scientists are planning a new exploration of the deep sea.
unexplored adj.未開發的，無人涉足的
e.g. an unexplored planet
【詞匯】model n. 模型；樣式：模范；模特兒
e.g. The latest models will be on display at the motor show.
e.g. In one year she turned from a problem child into a model student.
e.g. He works as a fashion model.
2. rock you to sleep and help you have a good night 搖晃使你人睡，助你一夜好眠
【詞轉】rock v.（使）輕輕搖晃 n.巖石：碎石；搖滾樂
e.g.The boat rocked from side to side in the waves.
e.g.He threw a rock into the pond.
e.g.The rock band is performing tonight.
e.g.We sat on a rock to rest during our hike.
3. have different shower modes 有不同的淋浴模式
【詞匯】 shower n. 淋浴；淋浴器；淋浴間；陣雨
e.g.have/take a shower 沖個淋浴
e.g.a hotel room with bath and shower
e.g.We were caught in a heavy shower.
【詞匯】mode n. 模式；方式
e.g.a mode of communication 交流方式
e.g.a mode of behaviour 行為模式
read text messages and play all kinds of songs 該取文本信息和播放各種歌曲
【詞組】text message（手機）短信息
e.g.Sending text messages is a quick way to communicate with friends.
【詞轉】text n. 短信;（書、雜志等中非圖片的）正文：課本；文章
v.（用手機給某人）發短信
e.g.Text and pictures can be scanned into the computer.
e.g.Read the text carefully and then answer the questions.
e.g.He likes to text his friends instead of calling them.
【詞轉】play v.播放；扮演；
n.游戲；戲
play 常見詞組如下：
play with sb./ sth. play with a ball
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
play the role of sb. 扮演某人的角色
play an important part/role 發揮重要作用
play football/chess/cards 踢足球/下棋/玩紙牌
play the piano/violin/flute 彈鋼琴/拉小提琴/吹長笛
e.g. a play area
e.g. put on a play
5. answer your door from your phone 24/7 在手機上全天候接聽門鈴
【詞轉】answer v.回答；答復
n.回答；（試題、練習等的）答案 e.g.Can I make a suggestion？
e.g. You haven't answered my question. 你還沒有回答我的問題。
e.g. I can't easily give an answer to your question. 你的問題我難以回答。
【詞組】answer the door；answer the phone
【詞匯】24/7 全天候服務
【提示】24/7 是一個英文緒寫，它代表“twenty-four hours, seven days a week”，即全天候的意思。這種用法常用于描述某種服務或功能是全天無間斷提供的，沒有休息日或特定的關閉時間。
6.suggest dishes right for you 推薦適合你的菜品
【詞轉】suggest v. 建議
suggestion n.建議
【提示】1.作為及物動詞時，suggest后面可以直接加名詞、動名詞等作賓語。
e.g. He suggested a new plan. 他建議了一個新計劃。
e.g. He suggested going out for a walk. 他建議出門去散步。
2.表示“建議某人做某事”時，可以用 suggest.sb./one's doing sth.的結構。
e.g. You should suggest him/his giving up smoking. 你應該建議他戒煙。
3.suggest 后還可以接賓語從句，用法為：suggest that sb. should do sth.（ should 常常被省略）。
e.g. He suggested that you（should） go there tomorrow. 他建議你明天去那里。
7. protect your family 保護你的家庭
【詞轉】protect v. 保護
protection n. 保護
e.g. The police officer's job is to protect the citizens from crime.
e.g. The police are responsible for the protection of citizens in the city.
【詞組】 protect 常與介詞 from 或 against 連用，protect sb./sth. against/from (doing) sth..
e.g. Wearing a seat belt can protect you from getting hurt in a car accident.
8. I just tell it the song I want to listen to and here it goes！我只要告訴它我想聽的歌，它就會開始播放！
【語法】I want to listen to 是一個省略關系代詞（that/which）的定語從句，修飾前面
I just tell it the song I want to listen to and here it goes! 我只要告訴它我想聽的歌，它就會開始播放!
【梳理1】I want to listen to是一個省略關系代詞(that/which) 的定語從句，修飾前面的名詞song,即“我想聽的歌”。該句子也可以表達為: “I just tell it the song that/which I want to listen to.”。
【梳理2】Here it goes! 其中here是副詞，在這個短語中被用作一個過渡詞，用來引起注意或表示接下來將要發生的事情；it是代詞，這里代替要聽的歌；goes表示動作的進行或開始。“Here it goes”意思是“它開始了”或“這就是了”,它常用于宣布某件事情或某個動作即將開始，或者在介紹一個表演或演示時用來引起聽眾或觀眾的注意。這個短語在日常口語中很常見。
Does it do anything else, Dr Smith 它還會做別的事嗎，史密斯博士
【詞匯】anything pron.任何東西；任何事物
【提示】anything是復合不定代詞，常見的復合不定代詞如下表：
something somebody someone
anything anybody anyone
nothing nobody no one
everything everybody everyone
復合不定代詞有以下常見用法：
(1) something, somebody, someone多用于肯定句；anything, anybody, anyone多用于否定句或疑問句。
(2) 復合不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。
e.g. Someone has told me about this before.
e.g. Is there anything wrong with your bike
(3) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時，要放在復合不定代詞的后面。
e.g. I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
e.g. Did you see anybody else in the room
學習指引
如何談論喜歡和不喜歡
表示喜歡“likes”的常見句型有：
1. I (really) love/like...
e.g. I really like listening to classical music.
2. I enjoy(doing).
e.g. I enjoy reading books in my free time.
3. I am fond of ...
e.g. I am fond of cooking different types of dishes.
4. I prefer ...to ...
e.g. I prefer coffee to tea.
5. My favourite(something) is ..
e.g. My favourite type of film is comedies.
表示不喜歡“dislikes”的常見句型有：
1. I don’t like ...
I don’t like spicy food.
2. I dislike ...
I dislike the noise of the city.
3. I hate ...
I hate eating eggplants.
4. I prefer not to ...
I prefer not to eat fast food often.
5. I have no interest in ...
I have no interest in playing video games.
6. I am not fond of ...
I am not fond of getting up early in the morning.
這些句型可以更具體、更生動地表達喜好和厭惡。記得在表達時保持禮貌和尊重，避免使用過于絕對或冒犯性的言辭。同時，使用適當的語氣和表情也能增強表達效果。
【C】Smart home technology Reading
1. Lu Yao and Wang Yiming are reading Dr Smith’s blog about smart homes and its reviews. 陸遙和王一鳴正在閱讀史密斯博士關于智能家庭的博客及其評價。
【詞匯1】blog n.博客；網絡日志 e.g. My mother started a new blog about cooking.
【提示】 blog post博客文章，指的是在博客網站上發布的一篇獨立的文章或日志。博客文章通常包含作者的觀點、信息、故事或經驗分享，并可能包含圖片、視頻或其他多媒體元素來增強內容的吸引力和可讀性。我們可以把寫博客的人或博客使用者稱為blogger。
【詞匯2】review n. 評論v. 回顧；復習；寫評論
e.g. The review is in today’s paper.
e.g. She reviewed the previous week on her way home.
e.g. Review(=go over) all the notes you need to cover for each course.
e.g. The play was reviewed in the national newspapers.
2. In a smart home, the internet controls everything from heating to cooking.在智能家居中，互聯網控制著從供暖到烹飪的一切。
【詞匯】heating n. 供暖；暖氣設備 e.g. Who turned the heating off
【聯想】heat v.加熱；變熱；(使)變暖n.熱；溫度；高溫
e.g. We need to heat the soup before we eat.
e.g. The heat of the sun was drying out the grass.
3. Smart homes“talk”to us and guide our activities.智能家居與我們“對話”, 并指導我們的活動。
【詞匯】guide v. 指導；指引
e.g. The counsellor guided the teenager in making important decisions about his future.
e.g. The map guided us to the nearest gas station.
【提示】guide除了作動詞外，還可以作名詞，意為“指南；手冊；導游；向導”等。
e.g. The tour guide showed us around the city.
e.g. He writes travel guides for those who love to explore new places.
4. Better personal care 更好的個人護理
【詞匯】personal adj.個人的；私人的；人際的
e.g. She shared her personal experiences with the group.
e.g. Having good personal relationships is the most important thing for me.
【聯想】personality n.性格；個性
e.g. She has such a kind, friendly personality.
良好的人際關系對我最為重要。
【聯想】personality n.性格；個性
e.g. She has such a kind, friendly personality. 她有著如此友善的性格。
5. Smart homes learn what their owners often do.智能家居了解其主人的日常行為。
【詞轉】owner n. 物主；主人
own adj. & pron. 自己的；本人的 v.擁有
e.g. The gym owner guided them through a workout. 健身房老板指導他們完成鍛煉。
e.g. I have my own bedroom in the house. 我在家里有自己的臥室。
e.g. Do you own a pet？你養寵物了嗎？
【詞組】of one's own（屬于自己的）；on one's own（獨立地，獨自地）
e.g. She has a room of her own.她有一個屬于自己的房間。
e.g. She lives on her own in a small apartment. 她獨自住在一個小公寓里。
6. An alarm clock keeps track of its owner's sleeping schedule and sets itself. 鬧鐘追蹤其主人的睡眠時間表并自動設置。
【詞組】keep track of 跟蹤；記錄
I use a planner to keep track of my daily tasks. 我用一個日程表來記錄我的日常任務。
【詞轉】track n.足跡；痕跡；路徑；小徑；
v.跟蹤；監看
e.g. I run on the track every morning. 我每天早上都在跑道上跑步。
e.g.The train is coming down the track. 火車正在鐵軌上行駛。
e.g.We need to track our expenses. 我們需要記賬。
【詞轉】schedule n. 日程安排
v. 安排；為 安排時間：預定
e.g.I have a busy schedule today. 我今天的日程很忙。
e.g.We should schedule a meeting for next week. 我們應該安排一個下周的會議。
7. Health care devices know when their owners are not feeling well and order medicine.健康護理設備知道其主人何時感覺不適并會訂購藥品。
【語法】when 在這里引導的是賓語從句。
這個句子的結構如下：
主句（main clause）： Health care devices know
賓語從句（object clause）： when their owners are not feeling well
并列句（compound clause）： and order medicine（與know 并列）在這個情況下，when 引導的賓語從句作為動詞know 的賓語，說明了健康護理設備知道的情況或時間—即它們的主人何時感覺不舒服。然后，這個賓語從句與另一個動作 order medicine 通過 and 連接起來，表明了當設備知道主人不舒服時，它們會訂購藥物。
【詞組】feel well 感到身體狀態良好。well 用作形容詞的時候解釋為“感覺舒服“或“身體好”。
【提示】feel good 則更多地從心理角度描達一個人的愉快和滿足感。
e.g.When I beat the drum, I feel good. 我敲效的時候感覺很好。
【詞轉】 order v. 訂購；命令；點（酒菜等）
n.順序：訂貨；點（酒菜等）
e.g. "Sit down and be quiet,"she ordered. “坐下，安靜點。”她命今過。
e.g. Put these sentences in the correct order. 請將這些句子按正確的順序排列。
e.g. I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book. 這本書我想訂購十冊。
e.g. May I take your order？您現在點菜嗎？
8. We can control our smart devices by speaking and signalling. 我們可以通過說話和發信號來控制我們的智能設備。
【詞轉】 signal v. 發信號；示意
n. 信號；暗號
e.g. Did you signal before you turned left？左轉彎前你示意了嗎？
e.g. My phone is showing a weak signal. 我的手機信號很弱。
e.g. She gave me a signal with her eyes to follow her.她用眼神示意我跟著她。
Sometimes, we do not have to control them at all.有時，我們根本不需要控制
【詞組】do not have to do . 不必做某事，相當于 do not need to do ... 或 needn’t do ...
e.g.The shopping mall is near here. You don't have to/needn't/don't need to take a taxi. 商場離這很近，你不必乘出租車。
【詞組】not ... at all 根本不，at all 意為”（用于否定句、疑問句）全然，根本”，一般放在句尾，起強調作用。
e.g.That photograph doesn't look like her at all. 那張照片看上去一點也不像她。
10. Smart devices can sense what we need. 智能設備可以感知我們的需求。
【詞轉】sense v. 感覺到；意識到
n.感覺官能（即視、聽、噢、味、觸五覺）；（對重大事情的）感覺，意識
e.g.We sensed danger. 我們感覺到了危險。
e.g.The dog has a strong sense of smell. 這只狗有很強的喚覺。
e.g.She has a good sense of humour.她有很好的幽默感。
e.g.I had the sense that she was worried about something.
【詞組】common sense（常識）；make sense（有道理：
e.g.It's just common sense to look both ways before crossing the street. 過馬路前看兩邊是常識。
e.g.It makes sense to save money for the future. 為未來存錢是明智的。
e.g.The film plot did not make sense to me. 這個電影的情節對我來說講不通。
11. Smart homes manage energy use. 智能家居會管理能源的使用。
【詞匯】manage v. 明智地使用；管理；完成（困難的事）
e.g.We need to manage our resources better to avoid waste. 我們需要更明智地使用資源，避免浪費。
e.g.She has very good communication skills and is able to manage a team. 她擅長溝通技巧，能夠管理一個 團隊。
【提示】本句中 manage 意為“管理”，相當于 run，意為“管理，負責（公司、隊伍、組織等）”
【詞組】 manage to do（設法做某事），相當于 succeed in doing something，especially something difficult,
e.g.He managed to get a good price for the car. 他終于把汽車賣了個好價錢。
12. They also remind us of the best ways to use energy. 它們還會提醒我們使用能源的最佳方式。
【詞匯】 remind v. 提醒；使 想起
e.g.That smell reminds me of Britain. 這膠氣味使我想起了英圍。
【詞組】remind sb. of/about sth.； remind sb. to do sth.（提醒某人做某事）。
e.g.Remind me to phone Alan before Igo out. 提醒我在出去之前給文倫訂電話。
【詞轉】 use n. &v. 使用
【詞組】use up 用光；耗盡 make good use of 充分利用
e.g. Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables. 把刺下的蔬菜全部用來做湯是個好主意。
e.g. We must make good use of the available space. 我們必須充分利用現有空間。
13. If smart homes can produce, store and save energy, they save us money. 如果智能家居能夠生產、鍺存和節約能源，它們就能為我們省錢。
【詞轉】produce v. 生產；制造
n. 產品；（尤指）農產品
e.g. Farmers produce fruits and vegetables for people to eat. 農民種植水果和蔬菜供人們食用。
e.g. The machine produces (= makes) a loud noise when it's running. 機器運行時發出很大的嗓音。
e.g. The shop sells only fresh local produce. 這家商店專售當地的新鮮農產品。
區分 produce 和 production：它們都是名詞，但意思不同。produce 更偏向于原始的農產品或自然產物，而 production 強調的是生產過程以及產品的總稱，含義更為廣泛。
e.g. The video shows the various stages in the production of glass.
14. I’ve had a sore throat for two days.我已經喉嚨痛了兩天。
【詞匯1】sore adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 e.g. His feet were sore(=painful) after the walk.
【詞匯2】throat n. 嗓子；喉嚨 e.g. Jacob cleared his throat and spoke in a low, deep voice.
【提示】have a sore throat“喉嚨痛”：
類似的表示疾病的常用詞組。例子：
have a cough咳嗽 have a cold感冒 have a fever發燒
have a headache頭痛 have a toothache牙痛 have the flu流感
have a backache背痛 have a sore back背痛 have a stomach ache胃痛
have a sore eye眼痛
15. But will we depend too much on them 但我們會過分依賴它們嗎
【詞匯1】depend v. 根據……而定；依靠 e.g. I don’t know if we can help —it all depends.
【聯系】depend on 依賴；依靠；取決于
e.g. I don’t want to depend too much on my parents. (依賴)
e.g. We’re not sure if we’ll have the picnic. It depends on the weather. (取決于)
學習指引
從分析句子結構到讀懂本課中的復合句
句子最基本的結構有主謂賓結構：
We play football.
主語 謂語 賓語
賓語從句就是以一個句子的形式在復合句中作主句的賓語，其位置與其他單詞或短語作賓語相似。賓語從句可以作謂語動詞或某個介詞的賓語。賓語從句的引導詞有that, whether/if(是否), when, where, what, how等。注意賓語從句中是陳述句的語序。
因此本課文中的下列句子是賓語從句：
1. Smart homes learn what their owners often do.
主語 謂語 復合句作賓語
2. Heath care devices know when their owners are not feeling well..
主語 謂語 復合句作賓語
3. Smart devices can sense what we need.
主語 謂語 復合句作賓語
狀語是句中的修飾成分，在句子中修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，一般由副詞和介詞短語等構成。
She plays the violin wonderfully
主語 謂語 賓語 狀語(修飾動詞play)
Dr Li goes to work at six.
主語 謂語 時間狀語
狀語從句是在復合句中用作狀語，修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句用從屬連詞引導，可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。
常見的狀語從句及其從屬連詞有：
時間 if(如果), unless(除非)
條件 when, while, before, after, since, as (當……的時候)
原因 because(因為)
結果 so...that(如此……以至于)
目的 so that(為了)
讓步 though, although(雖然)
本課文中的下列句子是狀語從句：
If future smart homes can produce, store and save energy, they save us money. (劃線部分為條件狀語從句)
【D】現在完成時 Grammar
現在完成時
一、動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式
動詞的過去式和過去分詞分為規則和不規則的兩種。規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式一樣。
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞
knock knocked knocked
type typed typed
stay stayed stayed
study studied studied
drop dropped dropped
prefer preferred preferred
規則動詞加ed后的讀音情況：可按“清清、濁濁、元濁”的規則，即在清輔音后ed發/t/, 在濁輔音和元音后ed發/d/, 在t、d后ed發/d/,例如：
asked /t/ mopped /t/ lived /d/ answered /d/ wanted /id/ decided /d/
不規則動詞的過去式過去分詞有這些形式：
動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞
AAA型 cost cost cost
cut cut cut
read read /red/ read /red/
ABB型 bring brought brought
teach taught taught
catch caught caught
leave left left
feel felt felt
sit sat sat
ABC型 sing sang sung
swim swam swum
know knew known
draw drew drawn
write wrote written
choose chose chosen
fall fell fallen
ABA型 become became become
run ran run
三、現在完成時基本概念與結構。
1. 概念：
(1) 表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。
e.g. I have just had supper. 我剛吃過晚飯。
e.g. He has never been to Italy. 他從沒去過意大利。
e.g. They have seen the film twice. 他們看過這部電影兩次了。
(2) 表示某個動作從過去一直持續到現在，甚至還有可能繼續進行下去。
e.g. We have learned English for eight years.我們已經學習英語八年了。
e.g. We have learned English since eight years ago.我們從八年前開始學英語。
e.g. —How long have you been in Japan 你在日本待了多久
—For about two months,大概兩個月。
2. 結構： 助動詞have /has+動詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數用has，其他人稱用have。
3. 句型
句型 結構 例句
肯定句： 主語+have /has + 動詞過去分詞+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years .
否定句： 主語+have /has + not +動詞過去分詞+其他。 I haven’t studied English for 5 years .
一般疑問句： Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？ Have you studied English for 5 years
特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？ Where have you been recently
四、現在完成時的用法：
1）表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。
此時，常與時間副詞already（已經），yet（還、已經），just (剛剛、僅僅)，ever（曾經），never（從不），
before（以前）等連用。
【知識拓展】
◆ already意為“已經”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。
I’ve already read this book.
I’ve already washed my clothes.
◆ yet用在疑問句中意為“已經”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末。
—Has he found his watch yet —No, not yet.
The woman hasn’t found her dog yet.
◆just意為“剛剛”，表示行為剛剛過去，常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。
He has just come back from school.
◆ever意為“曾經”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。
Have you ever been to Hong Kong
I haven’t ever spoken to her.
◆ never意為“從來沒有”常與before連用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。
I have never travelled by plane before.
◆ before意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
Have you been to Hainan before
I haven’t eaten Guangdong food before.
隨堂練
--- Look! The light is still on in Mr Zhang’s office.
--- I’m afraid he ______ his work yet.
A) doesn’t finish B) didn’t finish C) hasn’t finished D) won’t finish
Bolt from Jamaica（牙買加）______ both the 100m and 200m records（記錄） already.
A) breaks B) broke C) has broken D) will break
I don’t want to see the film because I ______it already.
A) will see B) saw C) have seen D) had seen
—_________ you ever _________ for a newspaper
—Yes. I think it’s a good experience（經驗） for me.
A) Do, write B) Have, written C) Will, write D) Did, write
按要求進行句型轉換
We have already been to Ocean Park（海洋公園）. (否定句)
We _______ been to Ocean Park _______.
I have never been to Japan before. (一般疑問句)
_______ you _______ been to Japan before
2） 表示從過去到現在一直在做的事情，并且還有可能持續下去。常用的時間狀語有“since（自從） + 過去某一時刻”,“for + 時間段”，in the past few years/months/weeks/days, so far（至今為止）, up to now（到現在為止）, recently（最近）等。
e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I have learned English for 5 years.
I have learned English since 5 years ago. / since 7 years old.
①I’ve lived here since 1990.
= I’ve lived here since 23 years ago.
= I’ve lived here for 23 years.
= It is 23 years since I began to live here.
②I haven’t seen him for three years
= I haven’t seen him since three years ago
= ______________________________________________
= ______________________________________________
③Mr. Wang has worked in the factory for 5 years.
= ______________________________________________
= ______________________________________________
= ______________________________________________
④She’s been at this school since five years ago.
= ______________________________________________
= ______________________________________________
= ______________________________________________
隨堂練
1. John and I are good friends. We ______ each other for ten years.
A. have known B. had known C. know D. knew
2. Nancy _________ many famous（著名的） places since she came to live in China last year.
A. has visited B. will visit C. was visiting D. had visited
3. Jim is a young writer. He ________ five novels（小說） so far.
A. would write B. will write C. has written D. had written
4. The American girl can speak Chinese because she __________ in China for years.
A. stay B. will stay C. has stayed D. stayed
5. My sister __________ a lot of work in the past seven years.
A. does B. is doing C. has done D. had done
6. In the past, most drivers __________ men.
A. are B. were C. has been D. have been
7. The students in the middle school ______ their e-bags since 2010.
A. have B. will have C. have had D. had
考點補充：
A. 改寫句子
1. Jill has worked as（作為） a manager（經理） in the Sports Club for two years. (對劃線部分提問)
_________ _________ has Jill worked as a manager in the Sports Club
2. She has been here since the beginning of last month. （對劃線部分提問）
_________ _________ has she been here
B. 用since或for填空：
I have waited ____________ two hours.
The woman has played with the dog __________ this morning.
He has learned a foreign language________ eight months.
4. The man has collected shells _________ many years ago.
五、注意have/has gone to, have/has been to與have/has been in的區別：
短語 中文釋義 常用搭配 例句
have been to “去過”，已經回來 次數; once, twice, three times She has been to her hometown three times.
have been in “在…” for +一段時間 She has been in her hometown for over 3 years.
have gone to “去了”，還沒回來 問答形式 --Where is Jane --She has gone to her hometown to visit her grandparents.
隨堂練
1. —Is your father at home
—No. He __________ to Beijing on business（出差）.
A. goes B. had gone C. went D. has gone
2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
3. _____ you ever _____ America Yes, I have.
A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in C. Have…been to D. Have …been in
Ⅱ. 填空題
A. 用have(has) been / have(has) gone / have(has) in 填空：
A: Where is Li Fei
B: He _______________ to Hainan Island（海南島）.
A: How long _________he ______________ there
B: He ______________ there for three days.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island
B: Sorry, I __________ never _____________there.
Ⅲ. 選擇題
Americans__________ New York City “The Big Apple” since 1971.
A. call B. called C. has called D. have called
The number of the private cars __________ greatly since 2008 in the small town.
A. had increased B. has increased C. was increasing D. increased
Mum __________delicious food for me when I came back from school.
A. has prepared B. would prepare C. is preparing D. had prepared
【綜合練習】
一、單選題
1. I don’t want to see the film because I ________ it before.
A. haven’t seen B. saw C. have seen D. didn’t see
2. Ben ______ in the hospital for two days and then went home.
A. is staying B. will stay C. has stayed D. stayed
3. Her grandparents ________ in Shanghai for about twenty years.
A. live B. have lived C. are living D. lived
4. ---Have you ever been to New York city
--- Yes, I _______ there twice. It’s a modern city.
A. was B. will go C. have been D. had been
6. The Greens _________ in China since 1999. They are having a happy life.
A. have lived B. has lived C. are living D. lived
7. —Where’s your father, Tom
— He _________ to Changsha.
A. goes B. go C. has gone D. has been
9. —_______ you ________ any extra classes（補習班）for Maths and Physics
—No, not yet.
A. Did… have B. Do… have C. Have… had D. Will… have
10. The British girl Adele Adkins________ a singer for eleven years.
A. has been B. was C. is D. will be
11. I ________ that the SPCE needs some money to take care of animals.
A. heard B. will hear C. was hearing D. have heard
12. It makes me think of another place we ________ several times.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. went to D. goes to
13. Mary’s mother has taught English________.
A. about twenty years ago B. for about twenty years
C. since twenty years D. twenty years before
14. A: May I speak to Tom
B: Sorry, he __________ America and he __________ in three days.
A. has been to, will come back B. has gone to, will come back
C. has been in, will come back D. has gone to, will return back
15. Mr. Green ______ in this old house for more than twenty years.
A. lived B. lives C. will live D. has lived
16. Peter has made a lot of friends since he to China.
A. comes B. came C. has came D. come
17. People _______ dogs for millions of years.
A. has kept B. have kept C. keep D. to keep
18. My father ________ a policeman for quite a few years.
A. has been B. was C. is D. be
19. My cousin ________ in a car factory in Shanghai since 20 years ago.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. have worked
20. The organization _______ already _______ us an invitation to the meeting.
A. have… sent B. has… sent C. have… send D. has… send
21. The Diaoyu Islands _______ part of China’s territory (領土) since 1403.
A. are B. were C. have been D. will be
22. My friend, Tom, _______ to Xi’an several times. So he knows a lot about the culture of the city.
A. Will go B. goes C. have been D. has been
23. The rain _____ now. Shall we go on with our volleyball match
A. stops B. has stopped C. is stopping D. had stopped
24. I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema.
A. love B. loved C. have loved D. will love
25. We ________ many trees along the road since 2018.
A. plant B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting
26. Mrs. White is a teacher. She ________ history for nearly 15 years.
A. teaches B. has taught C. will teach D. is teaching
27. —What do you think of the movie Black Beauty
—Fantastic. I________ it twice.
A. watch B. was watching C. am watching D. have watched
28. I __________ on the school swim team for nearly four years.
A. will be B. have been C. am D. was
29. I ________ ten English novels since I joined the English reading club.
A. reads B. read C. have read D. will read
30. Lily and I ________ each other since we were young.
A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known
31. —I have got two brothers. ______ you got a brother
—No, I haven’t.
A. Have B Do C. Are D. Can
32. —Is your mother at home
—No, she ______ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. will go to D. goes to
33. —Have you read Treasure Island yet
—No, ________.
A. I don’t B. I haven’t C. I can’t D. I didn’t
34. I haven’t heard from Mr. Smith ________ he moved to Shanghai.
A. since B. for C. in D. so
35. —________ you ever ________ any problems with your friends
—Yes, but we made it up.
A. Did; have B. Have; had C. Will; have D. Do; have
36. —May I speak to John
—Sorry, he ________ Japan. But he ________ in two days.
A. has been to; came back B. has gone to; will come back
C. has been to; will come back D. has gone to; comes back
37. My aunt is a worker. She _____ in this factory for 20 years.
A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked
38. —Amy, you can read the Chinese on the menu!
—Yeah, I ________ Chinese for two years.
A. learn B. have learnt C. are learning D. learnt
39. —Is your father at home
—No, he ________ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. will go to D. goes to
40. Alice is my classmate. She ________ in our school since 2017.
A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying
【E】Smart ideas Writing
知識梳理
1. Dr Smith invites you to post your ideas about future smart homes on his website. 史密斯博士邀請你在他的網站上發布對未來智能家居的想法。
【詞匯1】post v. (在網站上)發布 e.g. He posts regularly on his personal blog to keep his readers updated.
【提示】post是一個多義詞，可以用作名詞和動詞。
① post n. 郵件；崗位；桿
e.g. Your duties include checking the posts. (郵件)
e.g. He has no qualifications for the post. (職位)
e.g. Our team was unlucky not to win after hitting the post twice. (門柱)
② post v. 張貼；郵寄
e.g. We posted up a set of rules for the house. (張貼)
e.g. Don’t forget to post the letter this afternoon. (郵寄)
2. The oven asks the fridge to plan our meals and tells us when our dinner is ready.烤箱要求冰箱規劃我們的餐食，并告訴我們晚餐何時準備好。
【詞匯】oven n.烤箱；烤爐 microwave oven微波爐
e.g. Take the chicken wings out of the oven.
【其他】ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
【提示】此處to do sth.為動詞不定式結構，在句中作賓語補足語，補充說明賓語sb.要做出的動作。常用可以帶不定式構成賓語補足語的動詞有tell, ask, want, order, invite, beg, allow, expect等。
e.g. He invited me to have dinner with him this evening.
e.g. My parents tell me to study English hard.
e.g. Mr White wanted every student to enter for the reading contest.
【其他】when our dinner is ready是賓語從句。tell后接雙賓語(tell sb.sth.), 本句用when引導的賓語從句說明要告訴我們的內容，即晚餐何時準備好。
3. Smart kitchens are truly amazing! 智能廚房真是太神奇了!
【詞匯】truly adv.確實地；真誠地
e.g. The food at that restaurant was truly(=really) delicious; we will definitely go back.
e.g. Truly(=sincerely), I could not have done this without you.
【F】Smart future Project
項目指導
重新設計家用設備
分組合作。重新設計家用設備，使其變得智能化，然后制作一張海報。
第1步 頭腦風暴 考慮并選擇一個家用設備。你可以采取哪些措施使其智能化
●它如何與其他家用設備進行通信
…………
●它如何幫助有需要的人
●它如何幫助我們節約能源
●…
第2步 收集信息 用下列問題幫助你重新設計設備，并搜索更多信息。
它是什么樣子的 它是如何工作的 它可以做什么 我們對它的感受如何
智能技術 讓生活變得安全/舒適/……;節約用戶體驗能源、… 尺寸、重量、顏色、 材質、……
第3步 組織信息 選擇并組織你得到的信息。
第4步 創造 將你關于重新設計的智能家用設備的想法放在海報上。
項目示例
Smart door lock
What it looks like:
●A new lock with a touch pad and no need for keys
●Simple design fits any door
●Lights show if it’s locked
How it works:
●Connects to a phone app with Wi-Fi
●Recognizes users with fingerprints or faces
●You can give a temporary code to guests
●Keeps track of who comes in and out
What it can do:
●Let homeowners open doors with the phone app
●Send alerts to your phone about door activity
●Lock/unlock automatically when you’re not near/near
●Work with home security systems
How we feel about it:
●Safe with better home protection
●Easy without needing keys and managing guests
●Worried about hacking and electronic problems

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