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上海2024年七年級英語上冊新教材知識點整理
7AU3 Jobs
Job duties Viewing and listening
job duties 工作職責
duty n. 責任；義務；本分It is my duty to report it to the police. 把這事報告給警方是我的責任。
【詞轉】duties （pl.）職責；任務 e.g. A teacher's duties include correcting students' papers.
【短語】on duty 值班；值勤 e.g. Who's on duty today
off duty下班; 不執勤 e.g. What time do you go off duty？
【拓展】duty還可以指“稅；關稅”。 e.g. duty free shop（免稅商店）。
New Star Middle School is holding a career guidance workshop for students. 新星中學正在為學生舉辦一個職業指導工作坊。
【詞轉】hold （held, held） /h ld/ v. 拿著；抓住；容納；包含；舉行；進行；保持（記錄等）
E.g. She was holding a large box.
The plane holds about 300 passengers.
The meeting will be held in the community centre.
Who holds the world record for the long jump？
【短語】hold on（電話用語）別掛斷，等一下 e.g. Can you hold on I'll see if he's here.
take hold of 抓住；拿著：握著 e.g. Mr Li took hold of the dog by its collar.
【詞轉】guide n.指南；手冊；導游；向導 e.g. travel guide 旅行手 tour guide 導游
v.指導；（給某人）領路；指引 e.g. The coach will guide them through a workout.
e.g She guided us through the busy streets to the city centre.
Public service jobs 公共服務崗位
【詞轉】service n. 服務 e.g. The food was good but the service was poor.
serve v.（給某人）提供；端上；服務 e.g. She served us a delicious lunch.
What does an actor do An actor entertains audiences by acting, singing or dancing.一個演員通常是干什么的？他通過表演、唱歌或跳舞使觀眾開心。
【詞轉】actor n. 演員（常指男演員）
actress n. 女演員 act v.扮演（戲劇、電影中的角色）e.g. Have you ever acted in a play before？
【詞轉】entertain v. 使娛樂；娛樂；招待；宴客e.g. He entertained us with his jokes.
entertainment n. 娛樂活動Playing board games with friends is a fun form of entertainment.
【短語】by doing...通過做...；通過某種方式 e.g. He makes some money by washing the dishes at the restaurant.
What is an actor's job like on a work day An actor usually gets to a film set early to remember lines, and plays roles in different scenes . 在工作日，演員做怎樣的工作？演員通常早早地到達拍攝場地去記臺詞，并在不同的場景下扮演角色
【句型】"What is … like "相當于" How is .. "，用來詢問某人或某物的特征、特點、品質或狀態。
E.g. What's the weather like today = How is the weather today
What's your friend's house like = How's your friend's house
【短語】get to 意為“到達”，相當于 reach 或 arrive in/at。
E.g. Allow plenty of time to get to the airport.留出足夠的時間到達機場。
【詞轉】set /set/ n.攝影場；布景；場景 e.g. a film set 電影場景 a stage set 舞臺布景 a set designer 布景師
v.設置；放置；樹立（榜樣）e.g. The film is set in London in the 1960s.
【詞轉】Line/la n/ n. 臺詞；排、行、線條 v.line 排隊
e.g. She spent hours every day to recite her lines for the school play.
The children all stood in a line.
Students lined up to visit the museum.
role n. 角色；職能；地位；作用
【短語】play an important role in ...在...中扮演重要的角色
e.g. Parents play an important role in their children's lives.
【詞匯】scene n. 現場；場景；片段；（戲劇或歌劇的）場
e.g. Firefighters were on the scene immediately.
In the first scene, the camera moves slowly across the room.
We need to stay in shape.我們需要保持體型。
need 既可以用作行為動詞，也可以用作情態動詞。在這里 need 是行為動詞。
【聯想】need行為動詞： need sth. 或 need to do sth.。否定： not need sth.或 not need to do sth.。
e.g. He needs to travel by taxi. 否：He doesn't need to travel by taxi.
【聯想】need 情態動詞 否定： needn't do sth.
e.g. You needn't wash the car, for it is raining hard now.
taking care of work emails and phone calls
【短語】take care of 處理；負責
e.g. Don't worry. I'll take care of your problem. 別擔心，我會處理你的問題。
【聯想】take care of 照顧 =look after 或 care for。
e.g.We've asked my mother to take care of/look after the kids while we're away.
Job qualifications Speaking
Lin Dong turns to the next page of the handout for the workshop and finds out what it takes to do the following jobs. 林東翻到工作坊講義的下一頁，了解做以下工作需要哪些條件。
Or what it takes to do the following jobs 做以下工作需要哪些條件
【提示】這部分是以一個句子的形式作謂語 find out 后的賓語成分，被稱為賓語從句。原句是一個問句“What does it take to do the following jobs？”向句在賓語從句中要以陳述句的語序出現。此句相當于“What do we
need to do the following jobs "
Knowledge of biology and art 生物學和藝術的知識
【詞匯】knowledge n. 知識；學問 e.g. Knowledge is power.
【提示】knowledge 為不可數名詞，沒有復數形式。
【聯想】knowledgeable adj. 博學的；有見識的；知識淵博的
e.g. Our biology teacher is very knowledgeable about plants.
【詞匯】 biology n. 生物學 e.g.Biology is an important subject for understanding life.
【聯想】biologist n. 生物學家 e.g.My dream is to become a biologist and study the secrets of the natural world.
High school or above 高中或以上學歷
【詞匯】above /albAv/ adv.（數目、數量、水平、年齡）超過，更多，更大
e.g.A score of 70 or above will get you an “A”.
【提示】above 還可以作介詞：
（1）在 的上面 e.g.we were flying above the clouds.
（2）（數目、數量、水平、年齡）超過，多于，大于 e.g. we can accept children above the age of 10.
【聯想】 above all 最重要的是；尤其是e.g. Above all, keep in touch.
Readiness to help others 樂于助人
【詞組】readiness to do sth. 樂意做某事
【聯想】（be) ready to準備好做某事或處于某種狀態
e.g. He's always ready to help his friends with their problems.
Good communication skills 良好的溝通技巧
【詞轉】communication n. 交流；交際e.g. Good communication helps people understand each other better.
communicate v.交流e.g. To have a good friendship, you need to communicate openly and honestly.
【詞組】communicate with sb.和某人溝通
Great curiosity about space 對太空極大的好奇心
【詞匯】curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 e.g. The child showed healthy curiosity.
【聯想】curious adj. 求知欲強的；好奇的 e.g. He is such a curious boy, always asking questions.
【詞組】be curious about 對...好奇
Years of special training 多年的特辣訓練
【詞轉】training n. 訓練；培訓 e.g.She has a lot of experience in sports training.
train v.訓練；培訓 e.g.train sb. in sports
Lin Dong: Hello, Mr Ma!Thank you for coming. 林東：你好，馬先生！感你的到來。
Mr Ma:No problem.馬先生：沒事，我很樂意。
【聯想】對于“Thank you.”的回應除了“No problem.”之外，還有幾種方式。如：
（1） You're welcome. 你客氣了（樂意效勞）。
（2） Not at all. 一點都不麻煩。
（3） That's all right. 沒關系，不用謝。（這是一個比較隨意的回應）
（4） My pleasure./I's my pleasure. 樂意效勞；這是我的榮幸。（更正式）
（5） Of course./Sure. 沒事，（幫助）是理所當然的。
You need to know what things taste good together. 你需要知道哪些東西搭配一起味道好。
【詞轉】 taste v. 品嘗；有 味道 e.g. The soup tastes salty.
taste n. 味道；味覺；鑒賞力 e.g. I don't like the taste of onions.
e.g. I’ve lost my sense of taste.
e.g. He has very good taste in music.
tasty adj. 美味的；可口的；好吃的（相當于 delicious）
Maybe that is why my food is never as good as yours！也許這就是為什么我（做）的食物永遠沒有你（做）的好吃！
【詞匯】maybe /merbi/ adv. 有可能（相當于 perhaps）e.g.Maybe he'll come,or maybe he won't.
【聯想】maybe 和 may be 的區分：maybe 是一個副詞，通常用于句首。may be 是由情態動詞 may 和連系動詞 be 組成的短語，在句子中間使用。e.g. It may be true. He may be in the office.
【詞組】as ...as ... 和 一樣 e.g. She is as tall as her mother.
e.g. He runs as quickly as his brother.
e.g. There are as many apples in the basket as oranges.
【聯想】否定not as .. as ..或not so as
The best part is when customers come in and enjoy my food.最美好的時刻是當顧客進來享用我做的食物時。
customer n.顧客；客戶
E.g. The customer asked the waiter for the menu.
go to the market early to make sure everything is fresh. 我一大早就去市場，確保每樣東西都是新鮮的。
【詞匯】everything pron. 每樣事物，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；和形詞連用時，形容詞需后置。
e.g. Everything useful should be kept well.
【詞轉】fresh adj.新鮮的；新的；新近的 e.g. Make sure you eat plenty of good fresh food.
e.g. We need to take a fresh look at the problem.
e.g. The accident was still fresh in her mind.
學習指引
-----------------------
適合青少年的“工作”
青少年有幾種方式可以在校園里得到“工作”。如果有機會，你可以申請成為：an assistant to a school teacher(老師的助手); a school newspaper editor(校報編輯); a PC and internet tutor(電腦和網絡助教); a school radio host(學校電臺主持人)。
對于每一份“工作”的申請，你都要考慮三個問題：
Why do you want to do the job (即：Why are you interested in the job )
What do you need to do the job (即：What abilities do you have to do thejob )如做學校電臺主持人，需要：the ability to speak clearly and confidently, a wide range of knowledge, be knowledgeable, good communication skills, unique style, etc.
What can you do for the job (即：What's your plan for the job )如老師的小助手，可以幫助老師：collect, check and hand out homework, keep the platform and the classroom clean, help correct students’ misbehaviour, offer help when needed, help solve problems when others are in trouble, etc.
詢問印象
詢問他人印象或看法的語言功能(asking for impressions),有如下一些常用的表達方式：
What do you think of ... 你認為……怎么樣
What do you think of the new film 你認為新電影怎么樣
How do you like ... 你覺得……如何
How do you like the new restaurant 你覺得新餐館如何
What's your impression of ... 你對……的印象是什么
What's your impression of the city 你對這個城市的印象是什么
What are your thoughts on ... 你對……有什么看法
What are your thoughts on online learning 你對在線學習有什么看法
How do you find ... 你覺得……怎么樣
How do you find the new book 你覺得新書怎么樣
針對這一語言功能，可以通過以下方式進行回應：
提供個人的看法或總體印象。如：
I think the new film is fantastic!It's really entertaining.我認為新電影太棒了!真的很有娛樂性。
表達喜歡或不喜歡。如：
I don't like online learning because I miss seeing my friends in class.我不喜歡在線學習，因為我想念在課堂上見到我的朋友。
提出具體的觀點或評論。如：
I find the new book quite informative.It's been a great read so far.我覺得新書信息量很大。到目前為止，它讀起來很棒。
提供詳細的描述或解釋。如：
The film was okay,but I felt that the plot was a bit predictable.這部電影還可以，但我感覺情節有點可預測。
[C] Job pride Reading
知識梳理
1. They travel more than 100 kilometers every day. 他們每天奔波一百多公里。
【詞轉】travel v. 旅行；奔波；傳播 n.旅 e.g. I travel 30 kilometers to work every day.
e.g. Light travels faster than sound.
e.g. Our travel plans are still up in the air.
【提示】travel 作名詞時不能說a travel，而應該以 trip 或journey 代替，e.g.I met an old friend of mine on a trip to Paris.
2. They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers, all at exactly 12:30p.m.他們騎車或走路把約二十萬份飯帶給饑餓的工人，所有的飯都在下午12點30分準時送到。
【詞組】 on bikes 相當于by bike，但on bikes 中間可以加上代詞，如 on their bikes。
e.g. To be environmentally friendly, the couple chose to go on bikes instead of travelling by car.
【詞轉】exactly adv.確切地;究竟，到底；正是如此；完全正確
adj.精確的；準確的
e.g. I know exactly how she felt.
e.g. Where exactly did you stay in France？
e.g. We need to know the exact time of your arrival.
3. But only 1 in every around 6,000,000 lunch boxes ever goes missing in one of the biggest cities in the world.但在這個世界上最大的城市之一里，每大約六百萬份午餐盒中只有一份會丟失。
【詞匯】 ever adv. 在任何時候；從來（用于否定句和疑問句，或與if連用的句子）
e.g. Don't you ever get tired？
e.g. If you're ever in Shanghai, do give me a call.
【詞組】go missing 丟失；失蹤
e. g.The cat went missing yesterday.
【聯想】在 go missing 這個短語中，go用于描述狀態的變化。在這個表達中，go后面跟著的是一個形容詞，而不是動詞的-ing形式。在類似的表達中，go也可以與其他形容詞搭配，如go bad（變壞），go cold（變冷）等，都表示一種狀態的改變。
4. To people working in the centre of Mumbai, home-cooked meals are like a greeting from their family. 對于在孟買市中心工作的人們來講，家里做的飯就像是來自家庭的問候。
【語法】working 在此句中是現在分詞作定語，修飾 people，表示“（在市中心）工作的人”，可轉換定語從句 to people who work in the centre of Mumbai。
【詞轉】centre（AmE center）n. 中心，中央 ；人口集中的地區；商業中心區；文化中心區
central adj. 中心的
e.g.The school is right in the centre of the village.
e.g.shopping centre（購物中心），community centre（社區中心），cultural centre（文化中心）。
e.g.central Europe 中歐 central London 倫敦中部
【詞匯】home-cooked adj. 家常的；自制的
Home-cooked pizza tastes better than the one from the restaurant.
【詞轉】greeting n.問候；致意
greet v. 打招呼；歡迎；迎接
e.g. She waved a friendly greeting.
e.g. He greeted all his guests with a smile on his face.
5. But it's not easy to travel long distances with a lunch box. 但是帶著午餐盒長途跋涉并不容易。
【句型】“It's+形容詞+（for/of sb.）+to do sth.”意思是“（對于某人來說）做某事是...”
【聯想】如果句中的形容詞是對動作進行評價，表示動作的特征，如 easy, difficult, important, necessary 等，則用介詞for e.g. It's necessary for us to recite more English words.
如果句中的形容詞是對人的性格、品質進行評價，如kind,foolish,friendly,nice,generous 等，則用介詞of
e.g. It's kind of you to help me.（你來幫助我真是太好了。）
【詞轉】distance n.距離
distant adj. 遙遠的；遠處的；久遠的
e.g.The market is within walking distance of my house.
e.g. My grandparents Live in a distant town.
6. Our method is simple but works well.我們的方法簡單但是很有效。
【詞匯】method n. 方法；措施
【詞組】the method to do sth / the method of doing sth
e.g.This method of growing tomatoes never fails.
【詞轉】work v.奏效；產生預期的結果（或作用）
e.g.The pills the doctor gave me aren't working.
7. In the morning we pick up lunch boxes at people's homes by bike. 早上我們騎車從人們的家里取走午餐盒。
【詞組】pick up（通常指開車）接載，取走；拿起；拾起；撿起
E.g.We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.
E.g.He picked his cap up from the floor and put it back on his head.
8. Then we meet at the local railway station to sort the boxes out. 然后我們在本地火車站碰面，把盒子分好類。
【詞組】railway n. 鐵路；鐵道 e.g. a railway timetable
e.g.We live close to the railway line.
【詞組】sort sth.out （sort out sth.）分揀出；挑出
e.g. Sort out any clothes you want to throw away.
9. We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses.我們用顏色、數字和字母來幫助彼此記住顧客的名字和地址。
【聯想】address（pl. addresses）n. 地址
home address 家庭住址 email address 電子郵箱地址 website address網址
10.When in Mumbai,each of us delivers meals in a set area.在孟買，我們每個人都會在固定區域內送餐。
【詞轉】deliver v. 遞送；發表；宣布；發布
delivery n. 遞送；遞送的貨物
e.g. The postman delivered the package to my door.
e.g. She delivered a speech at the opening ceremony.
e.g. I got a delivery of fresh flowers this morning.
【詞匯】set adj.安排好的；確定的；固定的
e.g.My parents say I have to be home by a set time.
11. The streets can be busy.街道可能很繁忙。
【詞匯】 can為情態動詞，過去式為could。此句中意為“可能”。
【提示】 can還有幾種常見用法：
（1）（表示有能力做或能夠發生）能，會e.g.I can run fast.
（2）（表示允許）可以
e.g.You can take the car,if you want.
e.g.We can't wear jeans at work.
（3）（請求允許）可以
e.g.Can I take you home？
（4）（請求幫助）能
e.g.Can you feed the cat,please？
（5）用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真實
e.g.That can't be Mary. She's in New York.
12.We work hard to serve people.我們努力工作為人們服務。
【詞轉】 serve v. 為 服務 (及物動詞，應該直接后接賓語) e.g.serve the people
service n. 服務 e.g.
servant n.服務員e.g.Susan works as a servant.
13. We get back their trust and respect.我們贏得了他們的信任和尊重。
【詞轉】 trust n. 信任 v. 信任；信賴；相信
e.g.It takes time to build trust.
【詞轉】 respect v./n.尊重
e.g.She always shows respect to her elders.
e.g.We should respect each other’s difference.
語法梳理
物主代詞：有兩種形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，都表示所有權。
形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語，出現在名詞前面，對該名詞進行描述，一般不單獨使用，如 my career, his service, their audience,our restaurant；名詞性物主代詞后面不能再加名詞，運用名詞性物主代詞是為了避免名詞的過多重復。如：
His jacket is just right, but my jacket is too short.
→ His jacket is just right, but mine is too short.
My watch is five minutes slow. What about your watch
→ My watch is five minutes slow. What about yours
形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞見下表：
形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之間的轉換：
This is my method. -- This method is mine.
These are their addresses. --These addresses are theirs.
That is her customer. --That customer is hers.
在表達諸如“我的一個朋友”時，要用名詞性物主代詞的形式a friend of mine；再如“她的一個親戚”，應為 a relative of hers。
名詞所有格
名詞所有格是用來表示某物屬于某人或與某人有關的情況。
’s所有格：在英語中，通常在名詞后面加上撇號和 s（'s）來表示所有格，如果名詞本身已經是復數形式，
需在名詞末尾加上撤號（'），以s結尾的單數名詞，只需在名詞后面加上撇號（'）。
my father's birthday 我父親的生日
Children's Day 兒童節
The students’ reading room 學生們的閱覽室
the writer’s photos 作家們的照片
James' book 詹姆斯的書
Helen's and Mary's rooms 海倫和瑪麗各自的房間
Helen and Mary's room 海倫和瑪麗共用的房間
2. of所有格：用于無生命名詞或出現在有生命名詞后。
the gate of our school 學校的大門the window of the room 這個房間的窗an employee of the bank 銀行的一個員工
3.雙重所有格：在某些情況下，可以使用”of+名詞＋”的結構。
a friend of my mother’s我母親的一個朋友
the lovely child of your uncle's你叔叔的這個可愛的孩子
4. 在所有格后面的表示商店、餐館、診所和其他場所的名詞往往可以被省略。
John's house → John's
the doctor's office 一 the doctor’s
a chemist's shop → a chemist's
5. 有些表示時間、距離等無生命的名詞，也可用‘s的方法構成所有格。
two hours' talk 兩個小時的談話(= a two-hour talk)
ten miles' walk 十英里的路程(= ten-mile walk)
today's news 今天的新聞
New Year's Day 新年
[D] wonderful Jobs Writing
知識梳理
1. in my eyes, its wonderful to be a teacher.在我看來，成為一名教師是一件非常美好的事情。
【詞組】in one's eyes 在某人看來，
同意詞組：in one’s opinion/in one’s view,from one’s point of view/according to sb.
E.g. The world seems beautiful in n child's eyes.
E.g. In her eyes, honesty is the most important quality in a friend.
E.g. In his opinion (= in his eyes), it's a good idea to keep pet dogs.
2. Teachers give lively and interesting lessons and help us deal with problems. 老師們給我們上生動有趣的課，幫助我們解決問題。
【詞轉】lively adj. 有活力的；活潑的
living adj. 活著的（修飾名詞）
alive adj. 活著的（作表語）
e.g. Jenny is a lively girl.珍妮是一個充滿活力的女孩。
e.g. Everything is lively here. 這里的一切都非常有生命力。
e.g. lively discussion（熱烈的討論）：lively music（活潑的音樂）；lively interest（濃厚的興趣）；lively performance（充滿活力的表演）。
e.g. a living fish
e.g. The fish is alive
【詞組】deal with 處理，解決()
e.g.Can you help me deal with this difficult problem？
【聯想】deal with problems 相當于 solve problems；deal with money（理財）相當于 manage money;deal with customers（與顧客打交道）相當于 handle customers; deal with diseases（應對疾病）相當于handle diseases; deal with complaints（處理投訴）相當于 take care of complaints,
Teachers keep learning and trying new ideas.教師們不斷學習，嘗試新的想法。
【詞組】keep doing 一直、不斷做某事
【聯想】keep 后要用動名詞 doing，表示一直做某事。類似的動詞還有enjoy doing（喜歡做某事）；finish doing（做完某事）；practise doing（練習做某事）。
e.g.You can't go out and play before you finish doing your homework.
e.g. If you practise speaking English, you'll soon improve.
e.g. He always enjoys listening to music in his spare time.
4.They matter a lot to us.他們對我們來說非常重要。
【詞轉】matter v.事關緊要；要緊；有重大影響
n.問題；事情
E.g. Happiness matters most. =Happiness is the most important.
E.g. The children matter more to her than anything else in the world.
= She cares about the children more than anyone else in the world.
E.g. I’d like to talk to you about a personal matter.
E.g. What's the matter？（相當于 What's wrong？）
E) Job descriptions >>Project
Police officer
Police officers are people who help keep our communities safe. They make sureeveryone follows the rules and laws. They investigate when crimes happen andhelp solve them.
Qualifications and training
To become a police officer,you usually need to go to a special school called apolice academy. There, you learn about laws, how to use weapons safely, andhow to handle emergencies. After school, you might train more with experiencedofficers.
Personal qualities
Good police officers are good at talking to people, making good decisions, and staying calm even in scary situations. They also need to be strong and fit becausetheir job can be physically demanding. Being honest and caring about others are also important qualities for a police officer.

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