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2025屆高考英語專項復習 短文改錯整理(講義)

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2025屆高考英語專項復習 短文改錯整理(講義)

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高考英語短文改錯整理
一、考題規律總結:
錯詞8個,多詞1個,少詞1個,即8:1:1原則
共有10處語言錯誤,一般每篇文章7-8句,每句中最多有兩處
介、冠、名、代一般一個;形、連可能兩個;動詞一般3-4個
只計算前十個正確與否,不確定的先不要改
二、具體錯誤類型及示例
1、動詞錯誤(時態和主謂一致)
1 (2022全國乙卷)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
解析:考查動詞。分析句子結構以及并列連詞and可知,此處tidy up是并列謂語。根據上文的“water the flowers”可知,句子要使用一般現在時。主語第一人稱I,謂語動詞用原型。故將tidying改為tidy。
2. (2021·全國甲卷)One of the questions are:Who will you go to in times of trouble
解析:考查主謂一致。one of the +名詞復數,意為“……之一”,為單數含義,所以其后的系動詞應用單數。結合句意,此處指問卷調查中的一個問題,所以為客觀事實,時態用一般現在時。故are改為is。
答案:are→is
3. (2022全國乙卷) They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams.
解析:考查時態。句意:還有交通堵塞。根據上下文時態可知,本句應用一般現在時。故將were改為are。
答案:were→are
2、非謂語動詞錯誤
1. (2022全國甲卷)I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.
解析:
1).考查非謂語動詞。be willing to do意思為:愿意做,為固定短語。故在talk前面加to。
2)考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。of為介詞,后面的動詞stay用動名詞形式staying作賓語。故將stay改為staying。
答案:talk前面加to; stay →staying
2. (2022全國甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
解析:考查非謂語動詞。固定短語dislike doing sth.,意為“不喜歡做某事”,doing為動名詞作賓語。故talk改為talking。
答案:talk →talking
3.名詞單復數錯誤
1.(2022年全國乙卷)Our city will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
解析:考查名詞。bicycle為可數名詞,由句中的cars和句意可知,此處應用復數形式。故將bicycle改為bicycles。
答案:bicycle→bicycles
2.(2021年全國乙卷)I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
解析:考查名詞單復數。固定短語“do the dishes”譯為“洗餐具”。故將dish改為dishes。
答案:dish→dishes
4.代詞錯誤
1. (2022全國乙卷) When you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution.
解析:考查代詞。根據前一句中的人稱you可知,這里假設“你”騎自行車,前后人稱應保持一致。故將they改為you。
答案:they→you
2. (2021全國甲卷)Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help. Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.
解析:考查代詞。句意同上。短語on one’s own,意為“獨自”,結合句意可知,此處指學生們獨自完成,所以要用代詞their。故our改為their。
5.冠詞錯誤
1. (2020年,全國卷I)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.
解析:考查冠詞。句意:然后我把西紅柿和打好的雞蛋一起放進平底鍋。此處特指上文提到的pan,所以其前應加定冠詞the,故在pan前添加the。
答案:pan前加the
2. (2020課標全國Ⅲ卷) For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
解析:考查冠詞。泛指“一碗雞蛋湯”,bowl以輔音音素開頭,用不定冠詞a,所以the改成a。
答案:the改→a
6.介詞錯誤
1. (2022全國乙卷)Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movements and exercise.
解析:考查介詞。because表示“因為”,后面接從句,短語because of表示“因為”,后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞等作賓語,the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名詞短語。故在because后加of。
答案:because后加of
2. (2021全國乙卷) In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
解析:考查介詞。句意:在我看來,學生可以從做家務中受益很多。固定短語“benefit......from...... ”譯為“從……中獲益”。故在doing前加from。
答案:doing前加from
7.形容詞和副詞錯誤
1. (2022年全國乙卷)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.
解析:考查形容詞。句意: 我們都知道騎自行車是一項很好的運動。需用形容詞作定語修飾名詞exercise。故將greatly改為great。
答案:greatly→great
2. (2021·全國甲卷)In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
解析:考查副詞。句意同上。副詞mostly,意為“大多數”;most意為“最”,此處指最相信的人,指程度。故mostly改為most。
答案:mostly→most
8.連詞錯誤
8.1、定語從句錯誤
1. (2022·全國卷乙卷)They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
解析:考查定語從句關系詞。逗號后是非限制性定語從句,先行詞為前面的一句話,在從句中做主語,應用which 引導。故將what改為which。
答案:what→which
2. (2020 課標全國II卷)Thank you for the letter, what really made me happy.
解析:考查非限制性定語從句逗號后的從句為非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞your letter,關系詞在從句中作主語,指物,that不能引導非限制性定語從句。故將what改為which.
答案:what→which
8.2、狀語從句和名詞性從句錯誤
1. (2022全國乙卷)Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol.
解析:考查狀語從句連接詞。句意:當你騎自行車的時候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知,該句闡述的是一個事實,需用if或when引導;位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故將改為If或改為When。
答案:Whether→If/When
2. (2021全國甲卷) In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.
解析:考查狀語從句。分析可知,本句為含有狀語從句的復合句。主句為we should seek help...,從句表示的含義為無論什么時候我們有麻煩或者當我們有麻煩時,所以應用when/whenever引導。故where改為when/whenever。
答案:where→when/whenever
8.3、邏輯類錯誤
1. (2022全國甲卷) One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.
解析:考查并列連詞。句意:一天,他和我交談,并且希望修補我們的關系。根據語境,“talked with me”與“hoped to mend our relations”為順承、遞進關系,用and連接。故將or改為and。
答案:or→and
2. (2020課標全國I卷) First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
解析:考查連詞。句意:首先我把西紅柿切成塊,并把它們放在一邊。I cut the tomatoes into pieces與put them aside之間是并列關系,應使用and連接,故將but改為and。
答案:but→and

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