資源簡介

中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
Unit6 When was it invented？
知識梳理+新題通關練
重點短語梳理
be invented in+地點/時間 被發明于某時某地 2、shoes with adjustable heels 可調后跟的鞋
3、change the style of sth 改變……的風格 4、see in the dark 在黑暗中看路
5、run on electricity 電動的 6、operate on sb 給某人動手術
7、think of 想出，想到 8、with pleasure 樂意效勞
9、such+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞 如此…… 10、think about (doing) sth. 考慮（做）某事
11、be used for (doing) sth 被用來做某事 12、by accident=by chance 意外地，偶然地
13、by mistake錯誤地 14、 in the end=finally=at last最后，終于
15、 seem to do sth 似乎要做某事 16、for a long time 好長時間
17、sprinkle A on B 把……撒在……上 18、not...until... 直到……才
19、at that time 在那時 20、over=more than 多于
21、according to 根據 22、It’s said that從句 據說……
23、boil drinking water 燒開水 24、over an open fire 在戶外篝火上
25、fall into 落入 26、make tea 沏茶
27、It’s believed that從句 人們認為…… 28、decide to do 決定作某事
29、not...until... 直到……才…… 30、in this/that way 這/那樣
31、take place （意料之中）發生 32、the popularity of... ……的普及
33、without doubt 毫無疑問 34、throw sth away 把……扔掉
35、in the1950s 在二十世紀五十年代 36、prefer ….to….. 更喜歡
37、at a low price 以低價 38、steal...from...從……偷……
39、translate...into...把……翻譯成…… 40、notice sb do/doing 注意某人做過/正在做
41、all of a sudden 突然，猛地 42、make sb./sth. +形容詞 使……怎么樣
43、change...into... 把……變成…… 44、in history 在歷史上
45、play indoors 在室內玩 46、stop...from... 阻止……做某事
47、on the same team 在同一個對 48、the safety of ... ……的安全
49、 knock into sb 撞到某人 50、divide…into… 把……劃分成
51、the aim of … ……的目的 52、try to do sth 盡力做某事
53、get ... into ... 把……弄進…… 54、dream of/about 夢想做某事
55、not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 56、look up to 欽佩，羨慕
67、encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事
二、重點句子
1．But at that time，it wasn't used widely.但是在那時，它沒被廣泛應用。
2．It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discovery(n.) tea as a drink.據說，一個叫神農的中國統治者，是第一個發現茶可以作為一種飲料的人。
3．It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.人們認為，茶在六世紀至七世紀傳到了韓國和日本。
4．These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.這些明星鼓勵年輕人努力學習，去實現他們的夢想。
5．Basketball is a much loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise.籃球是一項深受喜愛的充滿活力的運動，許多人喜歡它是為了娛樂和鍛煉。
6．Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith，who was born in 1861.籃球是由一名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大博士發明的，他出生于1861年。
7．At the same time，they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同時，他們需要阻止競爭團隊把球投進他們自己的籃筐里。
三、重點知識點梳理
1.I think the TV was invented before the car.我認為電視是在汽車之前被發明的。高頻考點）
I think后面是一個賓語隊句，此從句是一般過去時的被動語態。一般過去時的被動語態的基本結構為：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞
2.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.想想在我們的日常生活中會多么頻繁地使用它吧。
daily的用法
daily在本句中為形容詞，意為“每日的；日常的”，只能放在名詞前做定語，不能做表語，相當于everyday。
你沒有讀今天報紙上的每日新聞嗎？Don’t you read the daily news in today’s newspaper？
要點拓展
（1）daily的用法小結
adj.每日的；日常的
→daily life日常生活
adv.每日，天天，相當于every day
n.日報
（2）與daily相似的詞還有
weekly adj.每周的；adv.一周一次
monthly adj.每月的；adv.一月一次
yearly adj.每年的；adv.一年一次
3.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.比如說，它提到拉鏈是惠特科姆·賈德森在1893年發明的。
mention的用法
mention為及物動詞，意為“提到；說到”，其后常跟名詞、代詞或從句。
mention sth. 提到某事/某物
mention doing sth. 提到做某事
mention sth.to sb. 向某人提起某事/某物
Mention+從句 提到……
他曾經提過這個想法。He once mentioned this idea.
無論何時我一提起一塊吃頓飯，他就說他太忙。Whenever I mentioned having dinner together, he said he was too busy.
沒人向我提過這事。Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.
她在她的信中提到她打算出國。She mentioned in her letter that she planned to go abroad.
要點拓展
Don’t mention it.是常見的口語表達，主要用來回答感謝，意為“不客氣；不用謝”。有時也用來回答道歉。
-Thank you very much！非常感謝！
-Don’t mention it.別客氣。
4.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.據說一位叫作神農的中國統治者最早發現了茶可以飲用。
It is said that...意為“據說……"，其中比為形式主語，that從句是泰正的主語，be said是被動語態，其主動形式為“People/They say…”。
It is said that there has been a big rainstorm.據說，那里遭受了一場大暴風雨的襲擊。
7 “It is+及物動詞的過去分詞+that...”句型的用法
用法分析 “It is+及物動詞的過去分詞+that…”的
It is believed that...人們認為……
It is known that...眾所周知……
句型：
It is reported that...據報道……
It is supposed that...據猜測……
It is expected that...預計……
It is known that China is famous for the Great Wall.眾所周知，中國以長城而聞名。
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.據報道，20人死于這起事故。
5.Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.茶樹上有幾片葉子掉入水里，并在水里待了一段時間。
remain的用法
remain做動詞，意為“繼續存在；保持不變；仍然是”。
How can we remain silent on this question？在這個問題上我們怎么能保持沉默呢？
要點拓展 （1）remain做動詞，意為“逗留；停留；留下”，相當于stay。
How many weeks will you remain/stay here？你將在此停留幾個星期？
（2）remain做動詞，意為“剩下；遺留”。
Few people remained in the meeting room.會議室的人所剩無幾。
（3）remain做動詞，意為“剩下；殘余”。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看電影，因為我還有很多作業沒有做。
（4）remain做連系動詞，意為“保持某種狀態”時，相當于stay/keep，可以互換。
The window remained/stayed open.窗戶還開著。
6.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散發出怡人的香味，于是神農品嘗了這種褐色的水。
smell的用法（高頻考點）
smell做可數名詞，意為“氣味”；做不可數名詞，意為“嗅覺”。
它聞起來不新鮮。有煤氣味。It doesn’t smell fresh. There is a smell of gas.
要點拓展 smell做系動詞，意為“聞起來；聞出”，后接形容詞或名詞。smell做實義動詞，意為“聞到”
The flowers smell sweet.這些花聞起來很香。
注意 表示感覺的系動詞：smell聞起來；feel 感覺、集起來；sound聽起來；taste老起來；look 看起來。其中 smell，sound，taste的主語只能是物；feel的主語可以是人，也可以是物。它們后面都接形容詞故表語。
7.The fridge was sold at a low price.冰箱被低價出售了。
at a low price的用法
at a low price意為“以低價”。表示價格的高低，用high/low，不用expensive/cheap。修飾商品時，才能用expensive/cheap。
現在房價很高。House prices are very high now.
這個男孩以低價買了一件外套。The boy bought a coat at a low price.
要點拓展 low做形容詞，意為“低的；矮的”，反義詞為high（高的）。
I bought this house at a low price.我低價買了這套房子。
注意 當表示某物貴或便官用“物+be + expensive/cheap.”或“The price of+物+be + high/low.”，即物的貴賤一般用expensive/ cheap表示，價格的高低常用high/low表示。
The price of this computer is too high.
=The computer is too expensive.這臺電腦的價格太貴了。
固定搭配
low短語 in a low voice低聲地
at a low price以低價
low season淡季
have a low fever發低燒
8.Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.有人從我的旅店房間里把我的相機給偷走了。
somebody的用法
somebody為不定代詞，意為“某人；有人”，相當于someone，多用于肯定句中；用于疑問句時，期望得到肯定回答。somebody做主語時謂語動詞用單數形式。
有人在敲門。There’s somebody knocking at the door.
somebody做名詞，意為“重要人物”。
He must be somebody.他肯定是個人物。
要點辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody
相同點：做主語時謂語動詞用單數；形容詞修飾這些詞要后置。
somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征詢意見的疑問句中
anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中
nobody=no one 沒有人，無人，本身為否定含義
everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用來指物
I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.我能聽到樓上有人走動。
I didn’t see anybody there.我在那兒沒有看見任何人。
I’ve called but nobody answered.我打電話了，但是沒有人接。
Is everyone here today？今天大家到齊了嗎？
9.Different writers translated the book into different languages.不同的作家把這本書翻譯成不同的語言。
translate的用法
translate為及物動詞，意為“翻譯”。常用結構：translate...into...意為“把……譯成……”。
你能把這篇課文譯成漢語嗎？Can you translate the text into Chinese？
詞形轉換
translate v.翻譯 translator n.譯員
translation n.翻譯，譯文
The girl acted as a translator for the two strangers from different countries.這個女孩為來自不同國家的兩個陌生人做翻譯。
10.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.地震發生得很突然，但幸運的是，村民們被帶到了一個安全的地方。
all of a sudden的用法
all of a sudden為固定短語，意為“突然；猛地”，在句中做狀語，可位于句首或句末，相當于suddenly。
突然，我意識到自己該做什么。All of a sudden, I realized what I had to do.
要點拓展（1）sudden做形容詞，意為“突然的；急劇的”；sudden做名詞，意為“突然”。
（2）副詞suddenly意為“突然地”，修飾動詞或形容詞。
She suddenly began to cry.她突然開始大哭。
11.The customer was happy in the end.最后這位顧客很高興。
in the end的用法
in the end意為“最后，終于”，相當于at last，finally。
他們最終贏得了比賽。They won the game in the end.
要點拓展（1）at the end of意為“在……結束時；在……盡頭”，其后可接表示時間、地點的名詞。
We’ll go to the Great Wall at the end of this month.本月末我們將去參觀長城。
（2）by the end of意為“到……為止”，后接時間名詞，常與一般將來時/完成時連用。
We have planted 500 trees by the end of this year.到今年年底，我們已經種了500棵樹。
12.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把他班級里的男生分成兩隊，教他們玩他的新游戲。
divide...into...的用法
divide...into...意為“把……分開；把……劃分為”，其中divide為及物動詞，意為“分開；分散”，也可用于被動語態中，即be divided into...，意為“被劃分為……”。
這個國家被劃分為50個州。This country is divided into fifty states.
要點辨析 divide，separate
divide 指把一個整體分為若干部分，常與into連用。
separate 指把原來在一起的個體分開，常與from連用。
The earth is divided into twenty-four time zones, one hour apart.地球被分為24個時區，每個時區相差一個小時。
England is separated from France by the channel.英國和法國之間隔著這個海峽。
13.At the same time, hey need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同時，他們還要阻止對方把球投進他們自己隊的籃筐里。
stop sb./sth. from doing sth.的用法
stop sb./sth.（from）doing sth.意為“阻止某人/某物做某事”，相當于prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth.（阻止/防止某人/某物做某事）。以上from可以省略。keep sb./sth.from doing sth.也有此意，但from不能省略。
什么也阻止不了他戒煙。Nothing can stop him（from ）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can prevent him （from）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can keep him from giving up smoking.
注意 stop sb. /sth.（from） doing sth.和prevent sb. /sth （from） doing sth.在被動語態中from不可以省略。
The water must be prevented from being polluted by us.我們必須保護水不受污染。
14.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.如今，隨著許多年輕人都夢想成為著名的籃球運動員，籃球在世界各地越來越受歡迎。
dream of/about（doing）sth.的用法
dream of/about（doing）sth.意為“夢想/夢見（做）某事”。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.總有一天我當教師的夢想會實現。
要點拓展 dream做名詞，意為“夢，夢想”；做動詞，意為“做夢；夢見”。
Everyone has his dreams.每個人都有夢想。
He often dreams at night.他晚上經常做夢。
注意 “某人實現夢想”用sb. achieve one’s dream；“某人夢想會實現”用one’s dream will come true。
15.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.籃球不僅成為一項人們喜歡玩的運動，它也成為一項人們喜歡觀看的運動。
not only...but also...的用法（高頻考點）
not only...but also..意為“不但……而且……”
Reading can not only increase our knowledge, but also bring us pleasure.閱讀不僅能增長我們的知識，而且給我們帶來快樂。
中考特殊考點 本結構在使用時要遵循以下三個原則：
（1）并列原則：not only...but also...為并列連詞詞組，用來連接兩個并列成分（主語、謂語、賓語、表語、狀語），也可以連接兩個句子，強調后者，also可以省略。
He not only writes well but also speaks fluently.他不但寫得好，而且說得流利。（連接謂語）
（2）主謂一致原則：not only...but also...連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞要和與其最近的主語保持人稱和數的一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不僅學生，老師也反對這個計劃。
（3）倒裝原則：not only...but also...連接兩個并列分句時，not only置于句首，表示強調，其引導的句子要用部分倒裝，即將謂語動詞的一部分（如情態動詞、助動詞等）放在主語的前面，而but also后的句子用正常語序。
Not only do I feel good about helping people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.我不僅感到幫助別人很好，而且我開始把時間用在我喜歡做的事情上。
16.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.許多年輕人都仰慕這些籃球英雄，并想成為像他們一樣的人。
1ook up to的用法
look up to表示“欽佩；仰慕；尊重（某人）”。反義短語為look down on（看不起）。
他們都很欽佩他們的老師。They all look up to their teacher.
男學生通常很欽佩運動名將。Schoolboys usually look up to great athletes.
look up to還表示“抬頭看……”。
固定搭配 look的相關短語：look around環視，往四周看；look after照看，照顧；look at看；look for尋找；look forward to 盼望，期待；look like 看起來像；look out當心，小心；look back at回首（往事），回憶。
17.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.這些球星也鼓勵著年輕人為實現他們自己的夢想而努力。
encourage的用法（高頻考點）
用法分析 encourage做動詞，意為“鼓勵；促進”。
常用結構：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓勵某人去做某事；encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓勵某人。
Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in the class.王老師總是鼓勵我們在課堂上說英語。
四、語法總結
一般過去時的被動語態
一、基本用法
1.一般過去時的被動語態的構成
一般過去時的被動語態由“was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，be的單復數形式根據主語而定。
2.一般過去時的被動語態的句式變化
句式 構成
肯定句形式 主語+was/were+過去分詞（+by...）...
否定句形式 主語+was/were + not+過去分詞（+by...）...
一般疑問句 Was/Were+主語+過去分詞（+by...）...？肯定回答：Yes，主語+was/were.否定回答：No，主語+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑問句形式 特殊疑問詞+was/were（十主語）+過去分詞（+by...）…？
【教材原句】Potato chips were invented by mistake.薯片是無意中被發明的。
I wasn’t told to attend the meeting yesterday.昨天沒有人告訴我去參加那個會議。
Was she asked to sing the first song at the party？她被要求在派對上唱第一首歌嗎？
【教材原句】When was the telephone invented？電話是什么時候被發明的？
二、難點突破
1.強調或突出動作的承受者，將承受者作為談話中心時用被動語態。這類句子常有一個by短語說明動作的執行者，有時也可省略by短語。
Books in the reading room mustn’t be taken out.閱讀室的書禁止被帶出去。
2.不知道或沒必要指出動作的執行者。
Paper is made from wood.紙是木頭制成的。
3.動作的執行者不是人，而是無生命的事物。
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.很多交通事故是由粗心駕駛造成的。
4.為了表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作執行者或說話者自己。
You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你做得更認真一點。
三、特殊用法
在主動句中動詞make，see，hear，watch，find，notice等后接動詞不定式做賓語補足語時，動詞不定式都要去掉to，但在變被動語態時，后面的不定式一定要加上to，再加動詞原形。
新題通關練
一、用所給單詞適當形式填空
1．Thousands of people were forced (leave) their home because of the Typhoon Bebinca.
2．The boy who broke his neighbor’s window (punish) by his father yesterday.
3．An (invent) may be a new product or a new way of doing things.
4．I don’t like the (think) of you walking home alone.
5．As soon as he (offer) a well-paid job, he called his parents to tell them the good news.
6．We were happy to see that Sun Yingsha and Wang Chuqin (present) with gold medals.
7．The paintings he devoted all his life to (show) successfully last week.
8．It’s said that tea (bring) to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
9．There are about ten kinds of animals on his farm, (include) two horses.
10．I (remind) to treasure the peaceful life by the film The Volunteers: To the War last week.
11．Our school bought some physics (instrument) last week.
12．Not only the twins but also Jack (choose) without any doubt to be leaders of the team last week.
13．—What can we do to stop the baby from (cry)
—Maybe we can buy something delicious for her.
14．Doctor Norman Bethune is one of the (Canada) who have contributed to China.
15．It (believe) that the three astronauts have landed safely.
二、單項選擇
16．The 2024 Olympic Games ________ in Paris, and China won 40 gold medals.
A．are held B．held C．were held D．were holding
17．The road ________ so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home.
A．lights B．is lit C．lit D．was lit
18．Last month, more than 200 Chinese people in Lebanon (黎巴嫩) ________ to safety by the Chinese government.
A．move B．are moved C．moved D．were moved
19．After Fengxian Museum ________, it became a new tourist attraction.
A．completed B．completes C．is completed D．was completed
20．The words that we should pay attention to ________ down just now.
A．were written B．writing C．being written D．write
21．—Paper is a great invention of ancient China.
—Yes. The book ________ that Cai Lun invented it about 2, 000 years ago.
A．talks B．mentions C．lists D．calls
22．Don’t sleep for ________ eight hours. As a teenager, you need enough sleep at night.
A．more than B．at least C．less than D．rather than
23．The Forbidden City (紫禁城), one of the largest palaces in the world, ________ more than 600 years ago.
A．built B．were built C．was built D．was building
24．The task ________ into four parts. The workers finished them easily.
A．is divided B．will be divided C．was divided D．has divided
25．—The 2023 Space Day of China on April 24 ________ at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Centre.
—How exciting! Our hometown is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated D．celebrated
三、完型填空
When Heman Bekele was 6, he received a gift—a chemistry set. He used it to make “potions (藥水)”. At that time, only his parents knew his work. Now, at 15, there are a lot more people 26 his work.
In October 2023, 3M and Discovery Education named Heman as the 27 of their Young Scientist Challenge with a prize of $25,000 because he invented a soap (肥皂) that could one day be used to 28 some kinds of skin cancer.
Heman was born in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, in Africa. He 29 to the US with his family at 4. He remembers seeing people in Africa working in the hot sun without any 30 for their skin. But that can be the main cause of skin cancer.
Skin-cancer treatments 31 cost about $40,000. Heman wondered if there was a 32 way. He thought of adding a skin-cancer medicine to soap.
“What is something that everyone is able to buy ” Heman thought to himself. “Everyone uses soap and water for cleaning. Therefore, soap would probably be the best 33 .”
It could take years before the soap is ready to be sold. But Heman, a 10th grader at Woodson High School, is determined (堅定的). Over the summer, he spent every weekday in a 34 . When he goes back to school this fall, he’ll be in the lab less often. But he’ll keep working hard to make his dream come true.
Heman encourages all kids to dream big. “Just keep inventing things,” he says. “Keep thinking of new ways to 35 our world.”
26．A．forgetting B．showing C．helping D．watching
27．A．winner B．learner C．visitor D．researcher
28．A．push B．lead C．treat D．send
29．A．moved B．walked C．rode D．ran
30．A．change B．protection C．guess D．preparation
31．A．still B．only C．usually D．also
32．A．safer B．smarter C．quicker D．cheaper
33．A．choice B．technology C．business D．support
34．A．school B．lab C．hospital D．classroom
35．A．save B．change C．improve D．build
四、閱讀理解
A
According to the report, during the past summer vacation, a 15-year-old boy made a model plane on his own in less than a month. Then he flew it successfully, which surprised all the people around him.
The boy named Li Banghua is from Hefei, Anhui. He made the model plane by himself. It is 0.6 metres wide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 metres and weighs about 40 kilos. Li just finished his high-school entrance exam (入學考試) a year ago and got good grades. After the exam, he threw himself into the work of making the model plane at once.
Li has been interested in model planes since he was a child. And he has been studying and building model planes for years. This time the model plane is the largest he has ever built and he considers it the most successful one.
During the process (過程) of building the plane, he failed many times. “But the biggest difficulty I had was that the adults couldn’t understand me well,” Li said. “When I said I was going to build a model plane, a lot of adults thought it was impossible. But I decided to keep on working hard. That is because once I start something, giving up is not a choice for me.”
When talking about his future, he said he dreamed of becoming a plane engineer.
36．How does the writer begin the text
A．By showing a saying. B．By telling the news.
C．By showing a dialogue. D．By asking a question.
37．How much does the model plane weigh
A．4 kilos. B．4.4 kilos. C．40 kilos. D．60 kilos.
38．What was the biggest difficulty for Li Banghua
A．The lack of help. B．The lack of time.
C．The lack of money. D．The lack of understanding.
39．What can we learn from his experience
A．It’s never too late to learn. B．Facts speak louder than words.
C．To help others makes us happy. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
40．Which can be a proper title for the text
A．A Boy’s Best Choice. B．History of Model Planes.
C．A Boy and His Model Planes. D．The Development of Model Planes.
B
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流動) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, spring (發條) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.
根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。
41．According to the passage, we can’t use the ________ to tell the time on a rainy day.
A．water clock B．sun clock
C．digital clock D．mechanical clock
42．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph
A．modern B．special C．rich D．common
43．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
44．Which of the following shows the structure (結構) of the passage
（①—paragraph 1, ②—paragraph 2, …）
B．
C． D．
45．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping.
C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock.
五、短文填空
閱讀下面短文，根據上下文或括號內單詞等提示，在空白處填入適當的單詞或括號內單詞的適當形式。
The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 100 years in China. It used to be a tool for daily use.
There are different 46 (story) about the origin of the umbrella in China. The most popular one is related to Lu Ban. It is said that once he and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have a competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, 47 one who comes up with a way for people to visit the West Lake on rainy days will be the 48 (win).” Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected tools and materials and spent the whole night 49 (build) pavilions (涼亭) around the lake. He was quite confident about his efforts.
The next morning, when Lu Ban was talking proudly about his achievements, his sister held something 50 (usual) in her hand. Lu Ban was surprised. He found that the object 51 (make) of silk and bamboo could be opened and closed 52 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said “You win. Your ‘pavilion’ can protect us 53 rain.” And the umbrella was invented.
Later, when paper was invented, people used much 54 (cheap) paper to replace silk, cutting the cost of umbrellas. To make the umbrella waterproof, people brushed tung oil (桐油) across the surface. That was 55 the oil-paper umbrella was invented.
參考答案：
1．to leave
【詳解】句意：由于臺風貝賓卡，成千上萬的人被迫離開家園。根據“Thousands of people were forced…their home because of the Typhoon Bebinca.”及提示詞可知，be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”，固定搭配；leave“離開”，動詞。故填to leave。
2．was punished
【詳解】句意：那個打破鄰居窗戶的男孩昨天受到了他父親的懲罰。句子主語是“The boy who broke his neighbor’s window”，謂語動詞是“punish”，根據句子結構和時間狀語“yesterday”可知，動作發生在過去，且主語“the boy”是被動接受動作，因此使用一般過去時的被動語態，構成是“was/were+過去分詞”；主語“the boy”為單數，所以填was；punish的過去分詞為punished。故填was punished。
3．invention
【詳解】句意：發明也許是一個新的產品或者做事情的一種新的方式。根據“an”可知橫線處用名詞形式，invent“發明”，動詞，其名詞形式是invention。故填invention。
4．thought
【詳解】句意：我不喜歡你獨自走路回家這個想法。根據“the ... of”可知，此處應用think的名詞thought，意為“想法”。故填thought。
5．was offered
【詳解】句意：他一得到一份報酬優厚的工作，就給父母打電話告訴他們這個好消息。根據主語“he”和提示詞“offer提供”構成被動關系，且結合“he called his parents to tell them the good news.”可知，這里的時態是一般過去時，所以此處要用一般過去時的被動語態，所以要用“was+過去分詞”。故填was offered。
6．were presented
【詳解】句意：我們很高興看到孫穎莎和王楚欽獲得金牌。present“頒發”，主語Sun Yingsha and Wang Chuqin與present之間是動賓關系，所以用被動語態，結合“were”可知，此處用一般過去時的被動語態（was/were done），主語表復數，be動詞用were。故填were done。
7．were shown
【詳解】句意：他傾注畢生心血的那些畫上周成功展出了。主語the paintings是動詞show的承受者，需用被動語態，時間狀語last week指過去的時間，應用一般過去時的被動語態，其結構為was/were+done，主語為復數形式，需用were，show的過去分詞為shown。故填were shown。
8．was brought
【詳解】句意：據說茶葉是在6世紀和7世紀傳到韓國和日本的。bring“帶到”，主語tea和bring之間是被動關系，應用被動語態，結構為be+done，根據“during the 6th and 7th centuries”可知，時態為一般過去時，主語tea是單數，be動詞用was，bring的過去分詞為brought。故填was brought。
9．including
【詳解】句意：他的農場里大約有十種動物，包括兩匹馬。分析句子結構可知，句子謂語動詞為“are”，因此這里應用介詞短語作狀語；應將include改為其介詞形式including“包括”，符合語境。故填including。
10．was reminded
【詳解】句意：上周的電影《志愿軍：雄兵出擊》提醒我珍惜和平的生活。remind“提醒”，主語I和remind是邏輯上的動賓關系，用被動語態，結構為be+done，根據last week可知，時態為一般過去時，be動詞用was，remind的過去分詞為reminded。故填was reminded。
11．instruments
【詳解】句意：我們學校上周買了一些物理儀器。instrument“器械，儀器”，名詞；由“some”可知，名詞要用復數形式。故填 instruments。
12．was chosen
【詳解】句意：上周，不僅是這對雙胞胎，杰克也被毫無疑問地選為隊長。根據“last week”可知，時態為一般過去時，又根據分析句子“Not only the twins but also Jack…without any doubt to be leaders of the team last week.”可知，主語是Not only the twins but also Jack，遵循“就近原則”，結合所給詞可知，主語與謂語動詞choose之間是被動關系，所以此處要用一般過去時的被動語態，was chosen，意為“被選擇”符合語境，故填was chosen。
13．crying
【詳解】句意：——我們能做些什么來阻止嬰兒哭？——也許我們可以給她買些好吃的。stop sb from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，是固定短語，from是介詞，后接doing形式，故填crying。
14．Canadians
【詳解】句意：諾爾曼·白求恩醫生是對中國做出很大貢獻的加拿大人之一。根據“Doctor Norman Bethune is ...”及所給詞可知，諾爾曼·白求恩醫生是加拿大人，Canadian意為 “加拿大人”，one of+可數名詞復數形式Canadians。故填Canadians。
15．is believed
【詳解】句意：人們相信三名宇航員已經安全著陸。此處使用被動語態，表示“據信”或“被認為”，結構為“it is believed that…”。故填is believed。
16．C
【詳解】句意：2024年奧林匹克運動會在巴黎舉行，中國贏得了40枚金牌。
考查被動語態。are held舉辦，一般現在時的被動語態；held舉辦，一般過去時；were held舉辦，一般過去時的被動語態；were holding舉辦，過去進行時。根據句意可知，“2024”以及“China won 40 gold medals”可知，句子描述的是過去發生的事情，因此應用一般過去時態；“The 2024 Olympic Games”與“hold”為被動關系，本句應該用被動語態，構成為“be+動詞過去分詞”，“were held”表示“奧運會在巴黎舉行”。故選C。
17．D
【詳解】句意：月光照亮了道路，漢塞爾和格蕾特很容易找到回家的路。
考查一般過去時的被動語態。根據“The road … so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home.”可知，此處為時態為一般過去時，且名詞road和動詞light為被動關系，其結構為was done，light的過去分詞為lit。故選D。
18．D
【詳解】句意：上個月，200多名在黎巴嫩的中國人被中國政府轉移到了安全的地方。
考查動詞的時態和語態。根據“Last month”可知，句子應用一般過去時，主語“more than 200 Chinese people”與動詞“move”之間是被動關系，故用一般過去時的被動語態，結構為“was/were + 過去分詞”。故選D。
19．D
【詳解】句意：奉賢博物館建成后，它成為了新的旅游勝地。
考查動詞的時態和語態。“Fengxian Museum”和“complete”是被動關系，應用被動語態“be done”，排除選項A和B；根據“it became…”可知此處應用一般過去時“was completed”。故選D。
20．A
【詳解】句意：我們應該注意的單詞剛才寫了。
考查被動語態。根據“just now”可知，時態是一般過去時；主語是The words，與謂語write之間是動賓關系，因此此處使用一般過去時的被動語態was/were done，主語是復數，be動詞用were。故選A。
21．B
【詳解】句意：——紙是中國古代的一項偉大發明。——是的。這本書提到蔡倫在大約2000年前發明了它。
考查動詞辨析。talks談話；mentions提到；lists列舉；calls打電話。分析選項和“The book...that Cai Lun invented it about 2, 000 years ago.”可知，此處表示這本書提到蔡倫在大約2000年前發明了紙。故選B。
22．C
【詳解】句意：睡眠時間不要少于八小時。作為一名青少年，你在晚上需要充足的睡眠。
考查介詞短語。more than超過；at least至少；less than少于；rather than而不是。根據“Don’t sleep for...eight hours.”和常識可知，睡眠時間不應少于八小時。故選C。
23．C
【詳解】句意：紫禁城是世界上最大的宮殿之一，建于600多年前。
考查動詞時態和語態。主語和動詞之間是被動關系，且“600 years ago”是一般過去時的標志，所以要用一般過去時的被動語態：was/were done。主語是“The Forbidden City (紫禁城)”，即be動詞用was，故選C。
24．C
【詳解】句意：這個任務被分成了四個部分，工人們很容易的完成了它。
考查被動語態。is divided一般現在時的被動語態；will be divided一般將來時的被動語態；was divided一般過去時的被動語態；has divided現在完成時。根據后半句中的“finished”可知句子時態用一般過去時。且句子的主語The task和謂語動詞divide之間是被動關系，所以要用被動語態。一般過去時的被動語態結構為：was/were+動詞的過去分詞。故選C。
25．B
【詳解】句意：——4月24日，2023年中國航天日在合肥濱湖國際會展中心舉行。——太令人興奮了！我們的家鄉越來越強大。
考查被動語態。根據“The 2023 Space Day of China on April 24…at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Centre.”句子時態為一般過去時，謂語動詞celebrate和主語The 2023 Space Day of China為被動關系，需要用一般過去時的被動語態形式。故選B。
26．D 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．C
【導語】本文主要講述了15歲的赫曼發現了一種可以治療皮膚癌的肥皂，并講述了他的夢想。
26．句意：現在，他15歲了，有更多的人幫助他的工作。
forgetting忘記；showing展示；helping幫助；watching關注。根據“At that time, only his parents knew his work. Now, at 15, there are a lot more people…his work”可知，此處是說現在有更多的人關注他的工作。故選D。
27．句意：2023年10月，3M公司和探索教育公司宣布赫曼為青年科學家挑戰賽的獲勝者，獎金為2.5萬美元，因為他發明了一種肥皂，有朝一日可以用來治療某些類型的皮膚癌。
winner勝利者；learner學習者；visitor游客；researcher調查員。根據“3M and Discovery Education named Heman as the…of their Young Scientist Challenge with a prize of $25,000”可知，他是這次挑戰的勝利者。故選A。
28．句意：2023年10月，3M公司和探索教育公司宣布赫曼為青年科學家挑戰賽的獲勝者，獎金為2.5萬美元，因為他發明了一種肥皂，有朝一日可以用來治療某些類型的皮膚癌。
push推；lead導致；treat治療；send發送。根據“he invented a soap (肥皂) that could one day be used to…some kinds of skin cancer”可知，他發明的肥皂可以治療皮膚癌。故選C。
29．句意：他4歲時隨家人移居美國。
moved移動；walked走路；rode騎；ran跑。根據“Heman was born in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, in Africa”可知，是搬到了美國。故選A。
30．句意：他記得在非洲看到人們在烈日下工作，沒有任何皮膚保護。
change改變；protection保護；guess猜；preparation準備。根據“He remembers seeing people in Africa working in the hot sun without any…for their skin”可知，是沒有任何皮膚保護在烈日下工作。故選B。
31．句意：皮膚癌的治療費用通常在4萬美元左右。
still仍然；only僅僅；usually通常；also也。根據“Skin-cancer treatments…cost about $40,000”可知，此處指通常需要花費多少治療費用。故選C。
32．句意：赫曼想知道是否有更便宜的方法。
safer更安全；smarter更聰明；quicker更快；cheaper更便宜。根據“Skin-cancer treatments…cost about $40,000”可知，他想找到更便宜的治療辦法。故選D。
33．句意：“每個人都用肥皂和水來清潔。因此，肥皂可能是最好的選擇。”
choice選擇；technology科技；business生意；support支持。根據“Everyone uses soap and water for cleaning. Therefore, soap would probably be the best…”可知，他認為肥皂是最好的選擇。故選A。
34．句意：整個夏天，他每個工作日都在實驗室里度過。
school學校；lab實驗室；hospital醫院；classroom教室。根據“When he goes back to school this fall, he’ll be in the lab less often”可知，他一直在實驗室里做實驗。故選B。
35．句意：“不斷思考新的方法來改善我們的世界。”
save拯救；change改變；improve提高；build建造。根據“Keep thinking of new ways to…our world”可知，是通過不停地思考，想出新的方法來改善世界。故選C。
36．B 37．C 38．D 39．D 40．C
【導語】本文介紹一個合肥的男孩喜歡制作飛機模型，雖然其他人不相信他能成功，但他努力堅持最終成功了，他夢想未來成為一名飛機工程師。
36．細節理解題。根據“According to the report, during the past summer vacation, a 15-year-old boy made a model plane on his own in less than a month.”可知，文章開頭通過講述一個新聞故事介紹了李邦華和他的飛機模型制作。故選B。
37．細節理解題。根據“It is 0.6 metres wide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 metres and weighs about 40 kilos.”可知，飛機模型的重量約為40千克。故選C。
38．細節理解題。根據“‘But the biggest difficulty I had was that the adults couldn’t understand me well,’ Li said.”可知，在制作飛機模型的過程中，李邦華遇到的最大的困難是缺少成年人的理解。故選D。
39．推理判斷題。根據“‘But I decided to keep on working hard. That is because once I start something, giving up is not a choice for me.’”可知，在制作飛機模型的過程中，李邦華遇到了很多困難。盡管很多成年人認為李邦華制作出一個飛機模型是不可能的，但他還是決定繼續努力。因為他一旦開始做一件事就不會放棄。最終他成功制作出了飛機模型。由此可推知，從李邦華的經歷中我們可以了解到“有志者，事競成”。故選D。
40．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了合肥男孩李邦華通過努力最終獨立制作出了一架飛機模型的故事。因此C項“一個男孩和他的飛機模型”是本文的最佳標題。故選C。
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人類歷史上計時工具的發展，從古埃及的太陽鐘和水鐘，到機械鐘、石英鐘，再到現代的數字鐘和衛星時間同步，強調了時間測量技術的進步以及它對人類生活的影響。
41．細節理解題。根據“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.”可知，在陰天或晚上，不可能用太陽鐘或日晷來報時。由于雨天通常也是陰天，因此日晷在雨天也無法使用。故選B。
42．詞句猜測題。根據“Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可知，鐘表制造變得便宜了，普通人擁有一塊鐘表也便宜了。因此，“ordinary”在這里的意思是“普通的”。故選D。
43．細節理解題。根據“About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock.”，“ The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago.”，“In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. ”，“In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed.”，“More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. ”可知大約5500年前，埃及人發明了太陽鐘；埃及人在3500年前制造了日晷；水鐘是第一個不使用太陽的鐘；在13世紀，機械鐘被發明；1927年，第一個石英鐘被發明；1956年，出現了數字鐘。總共六種鐘。故選C。
44．篇章結構題。根據文章內容，文章第一段介紹了我們如何知道時間，第二段和第三段介紹了古代人們計時的方法現代計時工具的發展，第四段總結了計時技術的進步和一些不變的事情。因此，文章的結構是①—②③—④。選項A中的結構與此相符。故選A。
45．主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段“There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.”可知，文章主要講述了計時技術的進步和變化。故選B。
46．stories 47．the 48．winner 49．building 50．unusual 51．made 52．easily 53．from 54．cheaper 55．how
【導語】本文講了油紙傘源于中國，歷史悠久，傳說與魯班有關，巧妙設計，保護人們不受雨淋。
46．句意：關于雨傘在中國的起源有不同的故事。根據“There are”可知，此空填名詞復數，story的復數形式為stories。故填stories。
47．句意：明天日出之前，誰能想出一個辦法讓人們在雨天也能游覽西湖，誰就是贏家。根據“who comes up with a way”可知，此處特指“想出方法的那個人”，所以填定冠詞the表“特指”，故填the。
48．句意：明天日出之前，誰能想出一個辦法讓人們在雨天也能游覽西湖，誰就是贏家。根據“the”可知，此空填名詞，win的名詞形式winner“贏家”符合句意。故填winner。
49．句意：他收集了工具和材料，花了一整夜在湖邊建造涼亭。根據“spent the whole night”可知，考查 spend time doing sth.“花費時間做某事”，所以填動名詞形式building。故填building。
50．句意：第二天早上，當魯班自豪地談論他的成就時，他的妹妹手里拿著一件不同尋常的東西。根據“something”可知，此處填形容詞修飾代詞；根據“Lu Ban was surprised.”可知，魯班吃驚，所以是不同尋常的東西，unusual“不同尋常的”符合句意。故填unusual。
51．句意：他發現這個由絲綢和竹子制成的東西可以很容易地打開和關閉。根據“the object ... of silk and bamboo”可知，此處填過去分詞作后置定語，表示“由……制成的”，make的過去分詞為made。故填made。
52．句意：他發現這個由絲綢和竹子制成的東西可以很容易地打開和關閉。根據“could be opened and closed”可知，此處填副詞修飾動詞，easy的副詞easily“容易地”符合句意。故填easily。
53．句意：魯班說：“你贏了。你的‘亭子’可以保護我們不受雨淋。” 考查protect sb. from sth.“保護某人免受某事的傷害”，故填from。
54．句意：后來，當紙被發明出來時，人們用便宜得多的紙來代替絲綢，從而降低了雨傘的成本。根據“paper”可知，此處填形容詞修飾名詞，“much”修飾形容詞比較級，cheap的比較級為cheaper。故填cheaper。
55．句意：這就是油紙傘的發明方式。根據全文可知，文章講了油紙傘的起源，所以how“怎樣”符合句意。故填how。
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