資源簡介

中考語法填空——動詞
判斷是否要轉變詞性
變名詞
一、判斷方法
1.句子缺少主語，通常位于句首。如： The new director（ direct）has made several movies.
2.句子缺少賓語，謂語動詞＋名詞或者挖空處位于介詞后。如： As visitors（visit）， you should pay attention to your actions when travelling.
3.句子缺少表語，通常位于be動詞后。如：Jackson Yee is a singer（sing）.
4. one of the/a few ＋可數名詞復數。如： She is one of the most famous teachers（teach）in our school.
二、變形規律
-er（or/r）:
lead→
read→
own→
sing→
report→
act→
work→
invent→
direct→
visit→
v.＋-ment:
drive-
achieve→
agree→
develop→
move→
punish→
treat→
3. v. ＋-ion/-ation 或 去 e ＋-ion/-tion/-ation:
collect→
direct→
suggest→
explain→
educate→
pollute→
Introduce→
examine→
imagine→
invite→
4.v.＋-ing或雙寫輔音字母＋-ing:
meet→
feel→
begin→
swim→
5.其他：
choose→
die→
fail→
weigh→
變形容詞
一、判斷方法
1.在be動詞或感官動詞之后作表語。如：The weather is rainy（rain）today.
2.位于名詞前作定語。如：an interesting（interest）book；
3.形容詞＋and/or＋形容詞。如： After the journey， we all felt excited and relaxed（ relax）.
4.固定句型中。如： It is ＋adj. ＋ of/for sb. to do sth.
二、變形規律
1.v.＋-d/-ed/-ing或去e＋-ing
interest→
surprise→
excite→
amaze→
2. v.＋-able或去 e＋-able:
accept→
enjoy→
value→
change-
3.v.＋-ive或去e＋-ive:
act→
create→
4.其他
die→
wake→
區分謂語動詞和非謂語動詞
I want to buy a pen.
時態：
被動語態：
初中被動語態練習題
一、把下列主動語態改為被動語態:
1 We often use a recorder in our English class.
2 They will show a new film next week.
3 The engineers built this bridge last year.
4 I saw the boy enter the room.
5 We often see him help his classmate.
7 You must turn off the light before you go to bed.
8 I give my sister a gift.
9 The student should learn all the texts by heart.
二、用適當時態和語態的動詞填空:
1. Can he ________ (speak) English
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country
3. The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8. Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10. I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
三、將下列句子改為被動語態，并根據情況保留或去掉動作的執行者
1. They will say nothing more about this matter.
2. They have made some flowers of silk.
3. He wrote a poem.
4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.
5. They are to open up a new business next week.
6. Children couldn’t have done all this damage.
7. All of us will see him off at the airport.
8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.
9. You must hand in your homework before five.
10. People say that she is a good teacher.
四、用所給動詞的正確形式填空
1. English ________ (speak) in many countries.
2. Information in short-term memory ________ (can, not, keep) very long.
3. After that, one of the lights _______ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.
4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes _______ (believe) to have magical powers, making people___who ate them fall in love.
5. It is said new copies of the book _______ (print) now.
6. The old house _______ (pull) down next month.
7. In the old days, the children _______ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.
8. Needless to say, the second list of words ___ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.
9. She _______ (send) to another village when I got there.
10. The teacher said that we _________ (give) another chance sometime next month if we failed in the exam.
非謂語動詞
考試要求：
非謂語動詞中考考查的重點有：
1. it 作形式主語、賓語的用法；
2. 感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語的用法；
3. 動詞不定式與疑問代詞和疑問副詞的連用；
4. 一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to，但變為被動語態時就要帶to；
5. 有些動詞既可以接不定式也可以接動詞-ing形式作賓語，但是表達的意思不同。
1. 動詞不定式
（1）動詞不定式的構成：
不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)動詞原形。
（2）動詞不定式的句法功能：
功能 例句 說明
主語 To speak English is not easy for us. ＝It is not easy for us to speak English． 講英語對我們來說不容易。 作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。
表語 My work is to clean the room every day．＝To clean the room every day is my work． 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。 多數情況下，不定式作表語，可轉換為作主語。
賓語 —What sports does he like to play 他喜歡做什么運動 —He likes to play basketball．他喜歡打籃球。 只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。
賓補 My mother made me play the piano all the time． 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。
定語 Have you got anything to say 你有要說的嗎 不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。
狀語 I’m sorry to trouble you．(表原因) 很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。 I went to the library to study English．(表目的) 我去圖書館學英語了。 不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。
1)不定式作主語
動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結構為：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+動詞不定式。如：
To learn English well is useful．→ It is useful to learn English well．
學好英語很有用。
It’s important for us to protect the environment．
保護環境對我們來說很重要。
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me．你幫助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那樣做真是太聰明啦!
2)不定式作賓語
①一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。
如：Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看電影嗎
②在find，think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。
如：I find it easy to read English every day．我發現每天讀英語很容易。
③常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式
why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...
如：I would rather stay in the room．我寧愿待在房間里。
3)不定式作賓語補足語
不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西讓他關小收音機。
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我媽媽鼓勵我學日語。
注意：
還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但變被動語態時，必須加上to。
如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．
老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。
4)不定式作定語
①不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。
②如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當的介詞。如：There is nothing to worry about．沒有什么可擔心的。
5)不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do．
老師正告訴學生們做什么。
He didn’t know where to go．
他不知道去哪里。(where to go＝where he should go)
一般只接不定式作賓語的動詞有:(口訣)
決心學會想希望decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish
拒絕設法愿假裝refuse, manage, care, pretend
主動答應選計劃offer, promise, choose, plan
同意請求幫一幫agree, ask/beg, help
2. 動名詞
（1）動名詞構成：一般由“動詞原形 + -ing”構成。
（2）動名詞的句法功能：
功能 例句 說明
主語 Eating too much is bad for your health． 吃得太多對你的健康有害。 謂語動詞用單數形式。
賓語 動詞賓語 I like playing basketball very much． 我非常喜歡打籃球。 表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經常性的動作。
介詞賓語 Stamps are used for sending letters． 郵票是被用來寄信的。
表語 His hobby is collecting stamps． ＝Collecting stamps is his hobby． 他的愛好是集郵。 多數情況下，動名詞作表語可轉換成作主語。
定語 She is in the reading room． 她在閱覽室里。 We should improve our teaching methods． 我們應該改進教學方法。 只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前。
注意：
英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。初中階段常見的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(習慣于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞：
完成實踐值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
繼續習慣別放棄(keep on，be used to，give up)
考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)
喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
3. 分詞
（1） 分詞的構成：
分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現在分詞的基本形式由“動詞+-ing”構成；過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”，但也有不規則的形式。
（2）分詞的句法功能：
功能 例句 說明
定語 Do you know the girl standing under the tree 你認識站在樹下面的那位女孩嗎 Please hand in your written exercises． 請交上你們的筆試練習。 現在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的詞。
狀語 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing． 學生們談笑著走出了教室。 Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful． 從小山上看，我們學校顯得更美麗了。 分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語。
表語 The situation is encouraging． 形勢令人鼓舞。 The boy is too frightened to move． 這個男孩太害怕了，以至于不能動了。 現在分詞表示主語的性質、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態。
補足語 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time． 不要讓我們等得太久。 I heard him singing in the classroom． 我聽到他正在教室里唱歌呢。 He’ll have his hair cut after school． 放學后他要去理發。 現在分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動關系)；過去分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動關系)。
注意：請記住下面這些動詞和動詞短語，注意它們在意義上的區別。
forget to do sth忘記去做某事
doing sth忘記已經做過某事
remember to do sth記住去做某事
doing sth記得曾經做過某事
regret to do sth遺憾要去做某事
doing sth后悔做過某事
try to do sth努力做某事
doing sth嘗試著做某事
mean to do sth打算做某事
doing sth意味著做某事
stop to do sth停下來去做另一件事
doing sth停止做某事
can't help (to) do sth不能幫助做某事
doing sth情不自禁地做某事
用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
I crossed the street to avoid (1) (meet) him，but he saw me and came (2) (run) towards me. It was no use(3) (pretend)that I had not seen him, so I waved to him; I never enjoy (4) (meet)Nigel Dykes. No matter how busy you are, he always insists(堅持) on
(5) (come) with you. I had to think of a way of(6) (prevent) him from (7)
(follow) me around all morning.
"Hello，Nigel, "I said. "Nice (8) (meet) you here! "
"Hi，Elizabeth，" Nigel answered. "I was just wondering how to spend the morning until I saw you;you are not busy (9) (do) anything, are you "
"No, not at all. " I answered, "I'm going to…"
"Would you mind my (10) (come) with you " he asked before I had finished(11)
(speak).
動詞綜合練習題
1. It was reported that the traffic in Wuhan opened again. Everyone_________（feel）excited about the good news.
2. The teacher often_________（ encourage） his students to share their thoughts actively.3. In 5 years＇time， they have_________（cover）almost in bicycle 98，000 kilometers.
4. The children were still__________（wake）when it was past twelve on the New Year＇s Day.
5. Enjoy the green trees and colorful flowers while you __________（climb） the mountain.
6. If each of us follows the rules of nature， our world __________（ become） better and better.
7.I was __________(choose）as a member of the school swimming team yesterday.
8. Where to go on holiday will__________(discuss）at the family meeting.
9. With wonderful stories for children to enjoy， picture books _________（welcome）by children.
10. You＇d better advise him not__________（throw）anything out of the window while driving.
11. When you＇ve developed a strong confidence， you will change for better. You will seldom feel__________（worry）about what will happen.
12.The__________(invent）of paper meant more people could be educated because more books could be printed and spread.
13. Although they got up late， they made their way __________（arrive）at the station on time.
14. Jenny， don＇t be afraid of__________（make）mistakes.You should express your opinions bravely.
15. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well， and he gave me many useful __________.(suggest）
Ⅱ.語篇提能
Have you ever said to yourself that it was your limit， or you couldn’t do any better？ If you have， you are totally wrong about yourself. I came to understand it when I was16.___________（learn）a crazy group dance.
In my school， the second graders had to dance a group dance in Art Month. The teachers chose a really fast music and designed strange dance moves. Since my classmates were not very good at dancing， we were like a school of fish that were caught 17.___________some fishermen.
＂I think we＇ve done our best to make it better. This is our limit and maybe we should just give up. ＂ We said to each other. Our 18.___________（lead）-Miss Li heard this and had a serious talk with us. After that， we seriously reconsidered 19.___________we said and realized it was wrong.
Although we thought we had already reached our limit，we20.___________（push）ourselves harder. Finally we found out that we went past our＂limit＂ and we got so much better. This is our first time when we go out of our way21.___________try something. When we say＂This is my limit＂， it＇s only an excuse for not making progress.
As the philosopher Jim Rohn once said， ＂Excuses are the nails used 22.___________（build）a house of failure.＂Sometimes ＂limit＂ is just another excuse that you refuse to try.If you always put it on everything you do，your work and life will 23.___________(change）greatly.Knowing your limit and 24.___________（ get） it over is the only way you improve yourself. You 25.___________（find） a more wonderful world ahead of you. Fighting！
課后作業 語法填空小題務基
1. In Miss Lin＇s class， many chances __________(offer) to students to learn from each other.
2. Another bridge over the Jialing River_____________（build）last year.
3. I heard that it often _____(rain) in Sichuan and there are usually floods, especially in summer.
4. So far， the umber of people using 5G mobile phones ___________（increase）a lot.
5.John worked harder than before so than he finally____________（catch）up with other students.
6.Don’t just wait For fine things happening to you. You need to work hard__________(get)happiness by yourself.
7.The volunteers have made great efforts to remind people ___________（protect）the environment.A small action can make a big difference.
8.We sometimes feel quite hard to make a__________（decide）. Because we often have more than one choice.
Passage1: Everyone in the village had jobs to do， and the villagers depended on one another. When Adana 1. __________（turn）eighteen， her mother told her， ＂Adana， it is time for you 2.__________（serve）the village. You shall be the water girl.” Adana took pride in being 3. ________（give）such an important job. She picked up the buckets（水桶） and walked to the spring（泉）. ＇When she 4._________（ arrive）， she filled the buckets with clean water. She knew the villagers 5.__________（wait）for her. She turned to a water girl from a nearby village and asked， ＂How long will it take to carry this water back to my village？＂ The girl replied， ＂If you go slowly， it will not take very long. But if you go fast， it 6. ___________（ take）you all day.＂ Adana didn’t believe the girl. Adana 7. ____________（start）off slowly， but increased her speed after a while.Half way home， she stopped 8. ____________（look） at the water. Water had been sloshing（灑出） out along the road. Adana turned back toward the spring sadly. Once again， the buckets were 9._________（fill）with clean water. Then， she slowed the speed of steps back toward the village. So she understood the 10.____________（ mean） of that girl＇s words. More haste（急） less speed.
Passage2 My morning started out as usual. I took care of my three cats， 1. __________hurry）to complete house work while drinking some coffee， and then ran for my mid-morning exercise. After I finished my exercise， I was hungry. I stopped at a restaurant 2.___________（order） a burrito（玉米煎餅）to take home. Since it was a little before noon， there was a line. A woman 3__________(pay）at the register（收銀臺）. She asked the woman behind her and me if we would like a drink. We both said no， but she still paid for both of our meals even though we were strangers. I asked her why she did this， and I was 4.________（tell）that someone once did something similar for her. The person asked that she might pay it forward someday. She now 5. ________(make） her promise. Before I left， she 6._________（give）me a warm hug and asked only that I did an act of kindness for a stranger when I could. After I arrived home， I sat and thought about her kindness instead of 7.___________（ have） my lunch. Not because I saved my 15 yuan， but because she was really kind and did not want 8._________（receive） anything in return. As I promised her， I plan to pay her kindness forward.Maybe I 9.___________（ help）make a small difference in someone else＇s life，＇ and the ripple effect （連鎖反應） will continue. Because that was what human being is all about being kind， even to a stranger.
不規則動詞總表
一、AAA型（原形→原形→原形）
序號 動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 中文詞義
1 read [ri d] read [red] read [red] vt. 閱讀；讀懂，理解
2 cut [k t] cut cut vt. [機] 切割；削減；縮短；刺痛
3 let [let] let let vt. 允許，讓；出租；假設；妨礙
4 put [p t] put put vt. 放；表達；移動；安置；賦予
5 cost [k st] cost cost vt. 花費；使付出；使花許多錢
6 hit [h t] hit hit vt. 打擊；襲擊；碰撞；偶然發現；傷…的感情
7 set [set] set set vt. 設置；樹立；點燃；點綴；vi. (日,月)落沉；
8 hurt [h t] hurt hurt vt. 使受傷；損害；使疼痛；使痛心
9 spread spread spread vt. 傳播；撒；延申
二、ABA型（原形→過去式→原形）
1 become [b 'k m] became become vi. 成為；變得；變成
2 come [k m] came come vi. 來；開始；出現；發生；變成；到達
3 run [r n] ran run vi. 經營；奔跑；運轉
三、ABC型1. ow →ew →own
1 blow [bl ] blew blown vi. 風吹；喘氣
2 draw [dr ] drew drawn vt. 畫；拉；吸引
3 grow [gr ] grew grown vi. 發展；生長；漸漸變得…
4 know [n ] knew known vt. 知道；認識；懂得
4 throw [θr ] threw thrown vt. 投；拋；擲
2. i→a →u
1 begin [b 'g n] began begun vt. 開始
2 drink [dr k] drank drunk vt. 喝，飲；吸收；舉杯慶賀
3 sing sang sung 唱
4 swim [sw m] swam swum vi. 游泳；漂浮；浸；眩暈
5 ring [r ] rang rung vi. 按鈴；敲鐘；回響；成環形
3. 原形→過去式→過去式+(e)n
1 wear [we ] wore worn v. 穿著；用舊；耗損；面露
2 forget [f 'get] forgot forgotten,forgot vt. 忘記；忽略
3 speak [spi k] spoke spoken vi. 說話；演講；表明；陳述
4 choose [t u z] chose chosen vt. 選擇，決定
5 drive [dra v] drove driven vt. 推動，發動（機器等）；駕駛（馬車，汽車等）；驅趕
6 mistake mistook mistaken 誤解
7 rise [ra z] rose risen vi. 上升；增強；起立；高聳
8 shake [ e k] shook shaken vt. 動搖；搖動；震動；握手
9 eat [i t] ate eaten vt. 吃，喝；腐蝕；煩擾
10 give [g v] gave given vt. 給；產生；讓步；舉辦；授予
11 ride [ra d] rode ridden vi. 騎馬；乘車；依靠；漂浮
12 see [si ] saw seen vt. 看見；理解；領會
13 write [ra t] wrote written vi. 寫，寫字；寫作，作曲；寫信
14 fall [f l] fell fallen vi. 落下；變成；來臨；減弱
15 break [bre k] broke broken vi. 打破；折斷；弄壞；削弱
4. 無規律
1 am/is was been 是
2 are were been 是
3 do/does did done 做
4 go [g ] went gone vi. 走；達到；運轉；趨于
5 take [te k] took taken vt. 拿，取；采取；接受（禮物等）；耗費（時間等）
四、ABB型1. 原形→ought →ought
1 bring [br ] brought brought vt. 帶來；促使；引起；使某人處于某種情況或境地
2 buy [ba ] bought bought vt. 購買；獲得；賄賂
3 fight [fa t] fought fought vi. 打架；與…打仗，與…斗爭；反對…提案
4 think [θ k] thought thought vt. 想；認為；想起；想像；打算
2. 原形→aught →aught
1 catch [k t ] caught caught vt. 趕上；抓住；感染；了解
2 teach [ti t ] taught taught vt. 教；教授；教導
3. 變其中一個元音字母
1 feed [fi d] fed fed vt. 喂養；供給；放牧；撫養（家庭等）；靠…為生
2 meet [mi t] met met vt. 滿足；遇見；對付
3 get [get] got got,gotten vt. 使得；獲得；受到；變成
4 hold [h ld] held held vt. 持有；擁有；保存；拘留；約束或控制
5 sit [s t] sat sat vi. 坐；位于
6 win [w n] won won vt. 贏得；在…中獲勝；勸誘
7 find [fa nd] found found vt. 發現；認為；感到；獲得
8 dig [d g] dug dug vt. 挖，掘；探究
9 lead [li d] led led vt. 領導；致使；引導；指揮
10 sell [sel] sold sold vt. 銷售；推銷；出賣；欺騙
4. 原形→□lt→□lt
1 feel [fi l] felt felt vt. 感覺；認為；觸摸；試探
2 keep [ki p] kept kept vt. 保持；經營；遵守；飼養
3 leave [li v] left left vt. 離開；留下；遺忘；委托
4 sleep [sli p] slept slept vi. 睡，睡覺
5 sweep [swi p] swept swept vt. 掃除；猛拉；撣去
6 smell [smel] smelt,smelled smelt,smelled vi. 嗅，聞；有…氣味
7 retell [ri 'tel] retold retold vt. 復述；再講；重述
5. 變其中一個輔音字母
1 build [b ld] built built vt. 建立；建筑
2 hear [h ] heard heard vt. 聽到，聽；聽說；審理
3 make [me k] made made vt. 使得；進行；布置，準備，整理；制造；認為；獲得；形成；安排；引起；構成
4 mean [mi n] meant meant vt. 意味；想要；意欲
5 send [send] sent sent vt. 發送，寄；派遣；使進入；發射
6 spend [spend] spent spent vt. 度過，消磨（時光）；花費；浪費；用盡
7 rebuild [ri 'b ld] rebuilt rebuilt vt. 重建；改造，重新組裝；復原
8 lend [lend] lent lent vt. 貸；增添，提供；把……借給
6.輔音字母和元音字母都變
1 have [h v] had had vt. 有；讓；拿；從事；允許
2 lay [le ] laid laid vt. 躺下；產卵；擱放；放置；鋪放；涂，敷
3 lose [lu z] lost lost vt. 浪費；使沉溺于；使迷路；遺失；錯過
4 pay [pe ] paid paid vt. 支付，付；償還，補償；給予
5 say [se ] said said vt. 講；說明；例如；聲稱；假設；指明
6 sell [sel] smell spend 賣
7 tell [tel] told told vt. 告訴，說；辨別；吩咐；斷定
8 stand [st nd] stood stood vi. 站立；位于；停滯
10 shoot [ u t] shot shot vt. 射擊，射中；拍攝；發芽；使爆炸；給…注射
11 understand [ nd 'st nd] understood understood vt. 理解；懂；獲悉；推斷；省略
五、AAB型
1 beat [bi t] beat beaten vt. 打；打敗
六、有兩種形式
1 bear [be ] bore borned vt. 忍受；承受；具有；支撐
bore born
2 hang [h ] hanged hanged vt. 懸掛，垂下；裝飾；絞死；使懸而未決
hung hung
3 learn [l n] learned learned vt. 學習；得知；認識到
learnt learnt
4 lie [la ] lied lied vi. 躺；說謊；位于；展現
lay lain
5 show [ ] showed showed vt. 顯示；說明；演出；展出
showed shown
6 spell [spel] spelled spelled vt. 拼，拼寫；意味著；招致；拼成；迷住；輪值
spelt spelt
7 burn [b n] burned burned vt. 燃燒；燒毀，灼傷；激起…的憤怒
burnt,burned burnt,burned
8 smell [smel] smelled smelled vi. 嗅，聞；有…氣味
smelt smelt
9 dream [dri m] dreamed dreamed vi. 夢想；做夢，夢見；想到
dreamt dreamt
10 wake [we k] waked waked vi. 醒來；喚醒；警覺
woken woken
11 hide [ha d] hid hid vt. 隱藏；隱瞞；鞭打
hid hidden
bit bitten
12 light [la t] lighted lighted vt. 照亮；點燃；著火
lit lit
sewed sewn
13 shine [ a n] shone shone vi. 發出光；反射光，閃耀；出類拔萃，表現突出；露出；照耀；顯露；出眾
shined shined
14 sink [s k] sank sunk vi. 下沉；消沉；滲透
sunk sunken
15 spring [spr ] sprang sprung vi. 生長；涌出；躍出；裂開
sprung sprung
16 wet [wet] wet wet vt. 弄濕
wetted wetted
七、情態動詞
1 can [k n] could - 能
2 may [me ] might might aux. 可以，能夠；可能，也許；祝，愿；會，能
3 must [m st] must must aux. 必須，一定；可以，應當；很可能
4 shall [ l; ( )l] should - aux. 應；會；將；必須
5 will [w l] would - vt. 決心要；遺贈；用意志力使
主謂一致
主謂一致是句子主語和謂語在“人稱”和“數”方面保持一致，一般遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
（一）語法一致原則
主語的單復數決定了謂語動詞的單復數。
（1）動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。
①Smoking is a bad habit.
吸煙是一個壞習慣。
②To have known you is a privilege.
認識了你真是榮幸。
③what you can see here is that you get this interesting pattern.
現在你們可以看到這個有趣的圖形。
④Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.　
所有的事情都毫無頭緒，讓人發瘋。
（2）主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，謂語動詞的數要與前面的主語保持一致。
①Coursework, as well as exam results, is taken into account.
除考試結果外，課程作業也要計入成績。
②I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我認為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負責任。
③The teacher, along with his students, was present at the meeting yesterday.
這個老師和他的學生都參加了昨天會議
（3）and, both...and...連接兩個不同的主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。
①Mike and Sue are always rowing.
邁克和休總是吵架
②Both Beijing and Shanghai are big cities.
北京和上海都是大都會。
注意：如果and連接兩個單數可數名詞或不可數名詞，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整體時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
①The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.
這位教師兼作家正在會上發言。
②A knife and fork is easy for English people.
一副刀叉對于英國人來說是容易的。
（4）定語從句中關系代詞作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一致。
①This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.　
這是莫言所寫的小說之一。
②She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.
她是班里女生中唯一一個歌唱得很好的。
③I, who am your friend, will help you.
我是你的朋友，我將會幫助你
（5）“many a/more than one＋單數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。each, every, no所修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數。
①Many a good man has been destroyed by drink.
許多好人都毀在了飲酒上。
②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.　
每個男生和女生都希望參加周日的聚會。
（二）意義一致原則
意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數還是復數，主語的意義決定了謂語動詞的單復數。
（1）集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式；若被看作是構成整體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數形式。常見的集體名詞有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
①Almost every family in the country owns a television.
這個國家幾乎家家都有一臺電視機。
②My family are sports fans.
我們一家人是體育迷。
注意：形式為單數但意義為復數概念的police, people等集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
①The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.　
警察正在山里搜尋殺人犯。
②The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
中國人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
（2）“分數/百分數/the majority＋of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于of后名詞的數以及其表示的意義；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語實際表達的意義。
①About one third of the books are worth reading.
這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。
②Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.　
總共有超過70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。
（3）“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。
①The rich are not necessarily happy.
有錢人并不都是高興的。
（4）a quantity of后既可接不可數名詞，也可接可數名詞復數；謂語動詞的單復數取決于of后名詞的數以及其表示的意義。quantities of后無論是可數名詞還是不可數名詞，謂語動詞均用復數形式。
①A quantity of money is needed for the project.
這個項目需要大量的金錢。
②A quantity of workers are needed for the project.
這個項目需要大量的工人。
③With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
由于更多的森林被毀，每年有大量的沃土被沖走。
（5）“a number of＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式，“the number of＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
①The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.　收到邀請的總共有100人，但很多人因為各種原因缺席了。
（6）表示時間、距離、重量、金額等復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。
①Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
對于一個男孩來說，3 000美元是一筆大數目。
② Three years is a long time for me.
對我來說三年是一段漫長的時間
（三）就近一致原則
就近一致原則指謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復數。
（1）由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的數常與最近的主語保持一致。
①Not only I but also she is enjoying the film.
不僅我而且她都在津津樂道地看電影
②Neither you nor I am good at English .
你不擅長英語，我也不擅長
（2）在there be句型中，若有幾個并列成分作主語，謂語動詞的數通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。
①There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。
②There is a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table.
在桌子上，有一本書，兩支鉛筆和一些扣子。
練習題
As we all know， using public chopsticks_________（be）necessary when we eat with others.
2. Tom， together with his friends， often ____________（go）to the old people＇s home to cheer the old up.
3. Both Kate and I_____________（be）ready for the new high school life. We are looking forward to it.
4. Cindy invited me to her home yesterday. Her family____________（be）very nice and made me feel at home.
5. My sister with her friends____________（be）discussing their weekend plan in her room now. They will go for a picnic this weekend.
6. Pay attention to your words， John. Nobody____________（want）to communicate with a man who is rude.
7. These two pairs of shoes____________(be) beautiful. I will buy them for Wang Ping as gifts.
8. Neither my sister nor I myself____________(be)able to build the model plane. So my father comes to help us.
9. With the efforts of our team， two thirds of the work___________（have）been finished.（enjoy）10. Both my parents and my brother____________(enjoy) watching Super Brain 2023. They think it＇s interesting and educational.
11. Not only the students but also the teacher in our class____________(like) to play soccer. We even have a game after school sometimes.
12. The singer and writer____________ (be)welcome to the school. He will share some stories with students.
13. Look! A number of students______________(be)helping to clean up the rubbish in the mountain.

展開更多......

收起↑