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專(zhuān)題8　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
考點(diǎn)1　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，須和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，除have to外，一般無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形。
1.can
（1）表能力，意為“能，會(huì)”，可與be able to相互轉(zhuǎn)化，can’t意為“不能，不會(huì)”，為can的否定形式。
He can play the guitar.
（2）表請(qǐng)求，意為“可以”，多用于口語(yǔ)。
Mr.Zhang， can I talk to you about my study plan？
（3）表允許，意為“可以”。
You can park here.
2.could
（1）表能力：
①意為“能，會(huì)”，can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的能力。
The clever girl could read by herself when she was three.
②couldn’t意為“不能，不會(huì)”，為could的否定形式。
He always helped me with the problems that I couldn’t work out.
（2）表請(qǐng)求：could在疑問(wèn)句中表示委婉的請(qǐng)求。肯定回答：Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of course./No problem./With pleasure.等；否定回答：Sorry， I’m afraid not./Sorry，I can’t./I’d love/like to， but...等。
Could you please help me with my English？
3.must表必須和應(yīng)當(dāng)。意為“必須，一定要”，表示主觀意愿。由must引出的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答常用“Yes，主語(yǔ)＋must/have/has to.”；否定回答常用“No，主語(yǔ)＋needn’t/don’t/doesn’t have to.”，不能用mustn’t來(lái)回答。
We must take action to protect the wild animals.
【拓展】mustn’t為must的否定式，意為“一定不要，禁止”。
4.may
（1）表請(qǐng)求，意為“可以”，比can/could更正式，其過(guò)去式為might。
May I come in？
（2）表允許。
You may come if you wish.
（3）表祝愿，用于祈使句，用法和wish相似。
May your dream come true！
5.might表請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣比may更委婉。
Might I ask you a question？
6.need表必要性和需要，意為“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。肯定答語(yǔ)用“主語(yǔ)＋must”或“主語(yǔ)＋have/has to”， 否定答語(yǔ)用“主語(yǔ)＋needn’t”或“主語(yǔ)＋don’t/doesn’t have to”。
—Need I come tomorrow？
—Yes， you must/have to./No， you needn’t/don’t have to.
【拓展】needn’t為need的否定式，意為“沒(méi)必要”。
You needn’t come if you are busy.
7.should
（1）表建議、勸告，意為“應(yīng)該”，shouldn’t意為“不應(yīng)該”。
We should have good eating habits.
（2）表征詢建議，常用于疑問(wèn)句中。
When should we begin our discussion？
（3）表示要求，用于第三人稱(chēng)，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。
Students should wear uniforms at school.
8.shall
（1）表請(qǐng)求或征求對(duì)方建議，多用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。
Shall I turn on the lights？
（2）表決心、警告和命令，多用于第二、三人稱(chēng)。
You shall not bring your mobile phone to the classroom in the exam.
9.will表意愿或請(qǐng)求。
（1）will用于疑問(wèn)句，常用于第二人稱(chēng)。will not/won’t為will的否定形式。
Will you give me some advice？
（2）would為will的過(guò)去式，表示自愿做或主動(dòng)提出做某事。
Mary said she would go with me.
10.had better表建議，意為“最好”，多用于第二人稱(chēng)，否定形式為had better not。
You had better be quiet in the library.
11.have to表必須，意為“不得不”，多表示客觀需要。否定形式為don’t have to。
I have to be off now.My mom is waiting for me.
跟蹤訓(xùn)練
1.Zhao Liying， who played in Legend of Chu Qiao， says，“As an actress， you 　must　 be hard-working.”
2.—　Can　 I take a seat here？
—No， you can’t. It’s only for the old and children.
3.After our school’s farming activities， we realized that everyone 　should　 save food.
4.—What kind of person do you want to make friends with？
—Well， he 　needn’t　 be clever， but he must be honest.
考點(diǎn)2　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)
詞匯 含義及用法
must 表示非常有把握的肯定推測(cè)，意為“一定，肯定”（100％的可能性）。 She must be tired after a very long journey.
could 表推測(cè)，意為“有可能，也許”（20％～80％的可能性），語(yǔ)氣緩和，較委婉。 They could forget to invite you.
may 表推測(cè)，意為“有可能，也許”，用于肯定句，表示把握不大的推測(cè)。 He may know the answer.
might 表推測(cè)，意為“有可能，也許”，可能性比may小，語(yǔ)氣緩和，較委婉。 He might be right.
can can’t為can的否定式，表示否定推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，意為“一定不，不可能”，可能性幾乎為零。 That can’t be Jane. I saw her in the library just now.
【總結(jié)】表肯定推測(cè)：must（100％）＞could/may（20％～80％）＞might
表否定推測(cè)：can’t＞may not＞might not
跟蹤訓(xùn)練
5.—Excuse me， how can I get to the nearest hospital？
—Go straight and walk into Renmin Road. You 　can’t　 miss it. It’s opposite the bank.
6.—Look！ People outside are wearing thick coats.
—The weather 　must　 be very cold.
7.I think Henry 　may/might　 be late for the concert， because the traffic is so terrible now.
用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或盲填。
1.The result of this English exam must 　be　（is） great because everyone did a good job these days.
2.—Is it important to protect wild animals， Susan？
—Yes. If we don’t protect them， they may 　die　（dying） out one day.
3.Words could not 　express　（express） her feelings at that moment.
4.According to the new regulation（規(guī)定）， school students mustn’t 　take　（took） their cell phones to the classroom.
5.Parents shouldn’t push their kids so hard；they should 　understand　（understand） their children.
6.We should 　try　（tried） our best to fight against pollution.
7.—Hi， Carl！ I’m leaving for Chengdu this weekend.
—Cool！ But I can’t 　get　（getting） away until the end of July.
8.Mother had a hard time getting Helen up in the morning. She called and called， but Helen wouldn’t 　wake　（woke） up.
9.—China is going to use AI to protect the Great Wall.
—Great！ AI is so helpful that people 　can　 use it in their daily life now.（盲填）
10.You 　mustn’t　 eat here！ Look at the sign. It reads “No eating.”（盲填）
11.Sam had gone to skate with his friends. No wonder I 　couldn’t　 find him in the classroom.（盲填）
12.—Someone is singing in the music classroom. Is that Mr. Smith？
—That 　can’t　 be him. He has gone to Beijing for a meeting. （盲填）
13.You 　shouldn’t　 spend all your free time on your phone or computer.（盲填）
14.Nowadays all passengers 　must　 go through safety check before they take a train. （盲填）

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