資源簡介 動名詞(Gerund)和不定式( Infinitive)講義及練習動名詞和不定式在英語中都是動詞的非謂語形式,它們在形式、語法、語義和用法上均有顯著差異。以下是兩者的具體用法與區別:動名詞的用法作主語:動名詞作主語時,通常表示一個抽象概念或習慣性、經常性的動作。由于動名詞短語較長,為了使句子結構保持平衡,常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(即動名詞短語)放在句尾。例如:“Doing sport is good for us.”(做運動對我們有好處。)作賓語:動名詞可以作為及物動詞或介詞的賓語。例如:“I enjoy dancing in the rain.”(我喜歡在雨中跳舞。)“She is good at dancing.”(她擅長跳舞。)作表語:動名詞作表語時,說明主語的內容或性質。例如:“Her job is teaching English.”(她的工作是教英語。)作定語:動名詞作定語時,表示被修飾名詞的用途或功能。例如:“I like the pink swimming cap.”(我喜歡粉色的游泳帽。)作同位語:動名詞有時可以作同位語,對其前面的名詞或代詞進行補充說明。例如:“She loves her job, teaching Chinese at school.”(她喜愛在學校教語文的工作。)作補足語:在某些句子結構中,動名詞可以用作補足語,對主語或賓語進行進一步的說明或描述。例如:“We call this activity brain-storming.”(我們把這個活動稱為頭腦風暴。)作狀語:雖然動名詞主要作為名詞性成分使用,但在某些特定語境下,它也可以表示時間、原因、條件等狀語意義。然而,這種用法相對較少見。例如:“After finishing the job, he went straight to the bar.”(完成工作后,他徑直走向了酒吧。)不定式的用法作主語:不定式可以作句子的主語,通常用于表示抽象概念或一般真理,但更多時候會用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(即不定式短語)后置。例如:“To learn a new language is challenging.”(學習一門新語言是具有挑戰性的。)作賓語:不定式可以作為及物動詞的賓語,表示動作的目的或意圖。例如:“She wants to become a doctor.”(她想要成為一名醫生。)作定語:不定式可以修飾名詞,起到定語的作用。例如:“This is the best book to read.”(這是你要讀的最好的書。)作表語:不定式可以作為系動詞的表語,表示主語的特點、目的等。例如:“Her dream is to travel around the world.”(她的夢想是環游世界。)作狀語:不定式可以作狀語,表示目的、結果、原因、條件等。例如:“She studies hard to get good grades.”(她努力學習為了取得好成績。)否定形式:不定式的否定形式為“not to + 動詞原形”,或直接在不定式前加“not”。例如:“She decided not to go to the party.”(她決定不去參加派對。)與情態動詞連用:不定式可以與情態動詞如can、could、may、might、must等連用。例如:“I can't wait to see you.”(我迫不及待想見到你。)完成形式:不定式的完成形式為“to have + 過去分詞”,表示在動詞不定式所表示的動作之前已經發生的動作。例如:“She was happy to have finished her project.”(她已經完成了她的項目,感到很高興。)動名詞與不定式的區別語義內容:動名詞表達的是狀態、性質、心境、抽象、經常性、已發生的動作或概念;而不定式表達的是目的、結果、原因、具體、一次性、將發生的動作或意圖。作主語時的差異:動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作或習慣性動作;而不定式作主語則更多表示具體動作或一次性的動作。與動詞的搭配:動名詞常用于某些及物動詞或介詞后作賓語;而不定式則常用于表示目的的動詞后作賓語。作定語時的位置:動名詞可以前后置修飾名詞;而不定式常后置修飾名詞。綜上所述,動名詞和不定式在英語中具有不同的語法功能和語義內容。掌握它們的用法和區別有助于更準確地理解和運用英語。Gerund and Infinitive TestFill in the blanks with the correct verb form1.She forgot the lights before leaving.(turn off)2.The teacher encouraged us in the competition.(participate)3.I can’t help when I watch that movie.(cry)4.The teacher reminded us our homework before the deadline.(submit)5.He denied the vase, but everyone knew the truth.(break)6.We need harder if we want to achieve our goals.(try)7.The kids appear tired after playing all day.(feel)8.I remember to that park when I was a child.(go)9.They hope a new house by the end of the year.(buy)10.You seem in a hurry today.(be)11.She can’t imagine in a small town after living in the city.(live)12.He risked his keys by leaving them on the table.(lose)13.He dislikes early on weekends.(wake up)14.I’m learning Spanish this summer.(speak)15.She warned him against too much money.(spend)16.I enjoy novels in my free time. (read)17.She decided to a new city for her job. (move)18.He stopped a year ago and feels much healthier now. (smoke)19.We’re planning to Italy this summer. (travel)20.They avoid about politics during family gatherings. (talk)21.I promised him with his homework after dinner. (help)22.It’s difficult a new language, but it’s worth it. (learn)23.She doesn’t mind overtime to finish her tasks. (work)24.He pretended asleep when his mom came in. (be)25.Would you like us for dinner (join)26.I can’t stand in long lines at the airport. (wait)27.After hours studying, I finally understood the topic. (spend)28.He kept unnecessary things. (buy)29.She refused that she made a mistake. (admit)30.I regret her my secret — it was a mistake. (tell)31.Lily is considering to another city for her job. (move)32.He agreed us at the restaurant at 7 pm. (meet)33.My boss suggested a new strategy for the project. (try)34.She’s looking forward to her new job next month. (start)35.He managed the computer all by himself. (fix)Keys:Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form1.to turn off2.to participate3.crying4.to submit5.breaking6.to try7.to feel8.going9.to buy10.to be11.living12.losing13.waking up14.to speak15.Spending16.reading17.to move18.smoking19.to travel20.talking21.to help22.to learn23.working24.to be25.to join26.waiting27.spending28.buying29.to admit30.telling31.moving32.to meet33.trying34.starting35.to fix 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫