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新概念第三冊Lesson 60 Too early and too late講義

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新概念第三冊Lesson 60 Too early and too late講義

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新概念第三冊
Lesson 60 Too early and too late
單詞精講
punctuality /'p kt u' liti/ n.準(zhǔn)時(shí)
【釋義】嚴(yán)格遵守約定的時(shí)間,按時(shí)到達(dá)或完成某事的品質(zhì)。例如:Punctuality is an important trait in business.(在商業(yè)活動(dòng)中,準(zhǔn)時(shí)是一種重要的品質(zhì)。)
【詞源】源自“punctual”(adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的),而“punctual”來自拉丁語“punctus”(點(diǎn)),表示在某個(gè)特定的點(diǎn)(時(shí)間點(diǎn))上,引申為準(zhǔn)時(shí)的,其名詞形式為“punctuality”。
【短語】punctuality rate(準(zhǔn)時(shí)率);be noted for punctuality(以準(zhǔn)時(shí)著稱)。
【例句】His punctuality at work has earned him a good reputation.(他在工作中的準(zhǔn)時(shí)性為他贏得了良好的聲譽(yù)。)
puncture(v. 刺破(輪胎))
【釋義】用尖銳的物體刺穿或扎破(尤指輪胎、氣球等)。例如:A nail on the road punctured my tire.(路上的一顆釘子刺破了我的輪胎。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“punctura”,由“pungere”(刺、戳)的過去分詞“punctus”+“ - ura”(名詞后綴,表示動(dòng)作或結(jié)果)演變而來,動(dòng)詞形式表示刺破的動(dòng)作。
【短語】puncture a balloon(刺破氣球);puncture wound(穿刺傷)。
【例句】Be careful not to puncture the plastic bag.(小心不要刺破這個(gè)塑料袋。)
rural(adj. 農(nóng)村的)
【釋義】與鄉(xiāng)村、農(nóng)村地區(qū)有關(guān)的,具有鄉(xiāng)村特色的。例如:Rural areas often have beautiful natural scenery.(農(nóng)村地區(qū)往往有美麗的自然風(fēng)光。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“ruralis”,由“rus”(鄉(xiāng)村)+“ - alis”(形容詞后綴)構(gòu)成,表示與鄉(xiāng)村相關(guān)的。
【短語】rural life(鄉(xiāng)村生活);rural development(農(nóng)村發(fā)展)。
【例句】Many people prefer the peace and quiet of rural living.(許多人更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活的寧靜。)
diversion(n. 改道;繞道)
【釋義】使某物(如交通、水流等)改變原來的路線或方向;也可指轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的事物。例如:There was a diversion of traffic due to the accident.(由于事故,交通改道了。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“divertere”(使轉(zhuǎn)向)的名詞形式,“di - ”(分開)+“vertere”(轉(zhuǎn)),表示轉(zhuǎn)向、改道。
【短語】traffic diversion(交通改道);create a diversion(制造轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的事)。
【例句】The diversion of the river was a huge engineering project.(河流的改道是一個(gè)巨大的工程項(xiàng)目。)
disregard(v. 不顧,無視)
【釋義】故意不注意、不理會(huì)或不重視某事或某人。例如:He disregarded the warning signs and continued walking.(他無視警告標(biāo)志,繼續(xù)前行。)
【詞源】由“dis - ”(不)+“regard”(v. 關(guān)注、重視)構(gòu)成,表示不關(guān)注,即不顧、無視。
【短語】disregard for(無視…);in disregard of(不顧…)。
【例句】His disregard for the rules got him into trouble.(他對規(guī)則的無視使他陷入麻煩。)
trial(n. 討厭的事、人)
【釋義】除了表示審判、試驗(yàn)等常見意義外,還可指令人煩惱、討厭的人或事。例如:That noisy neighbor is a real trial.(那個(gè)吵鬧的鄰居真是個(gè)討厭的人。)
【詞源】源自古法語“triel”,最初源自拉丁語“triallum”,表示考驗(yàn)、磨難,進(jìn)而引申為討厭的事或人。
【短語】a trial to someone(對某人來說是個(gè)麻煩);put someone to trial(考驗(yàn)?zāi)橙耍?br/>【例句】Cleaning up after the party was a great trial.(聚會(huì)后的清理工作是一件很討厭的事。)
intellectual(n. 知識(shí)分子)
【釋義】指那些具有較高智力水平、從事腦力勞動(dòng)(如學(xué)術(shù)研究、教育、文化創(chuàng)作等)的人。例如:Many intellectuals attended the academic conference.(許多知識(shí)分子參加了這次學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“intellectus”(理解、智力)+“ - al”(形容詞后綴),再轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形式表示有智力的人,即知識(shí)分子。
【短語】intellectual community(知識(shí)分子群體);intellectual property(知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán))。
【例句】The country needs more intellectuals to promote scientific research.(這個(gè)國家需要更多的知識(shí)分子來推動(dòng)科學(xué)研究。)
fraction(n. 很小一點(diǎn)兒)
【釋義】表示一個(gè)整體的一部分,數(shù)量很少;也可指數(shù)學(xué)中的分?jǐn)?shù)。例如:Only a fraction of the students passed the difficult exam.(只有一小部分學(xué)生通過了這次困難的考試。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“fractio”,由“frangere”(打破、折斷)的過去分詞“fractus”+“ - io”(名詞后綴,表示動(dòng)作或結(jié)果)演變而來,表示打破后的一部分,即很小一點(diǎn)兒。
【短語】a fraction of(一小部分);common fraction(普通分?jǐn)?shù))。
【例句】She ate only a fraction of her meal.(她只吃了一小點(diǎn)兒飯。)
abstruse(adj. 深?yuàn)W的)
【釋義】難以理解的,因?yàn)樯婕暗綇?fù)雜、高深的概念或知識(shí)。例如:The abstruse theory is hard for most people to understand.(這個(gè)深?yuàn)W的理論對大多數(shù)人來說很難理解。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“abstrusus”,由“ab - ”(遠(yuǎn)離)+“trudere”(推)構(gòu)成,原意為被推到遠(yuǎn)處的,引申為深?yuàn)W的、難以理解的。
【短語】abstruse knowledge(深?yuàn)W的知識(shí));abstruse concept(深?yuàn)W的概念)。
【例句】The philosopher's ideas were too abstruse for the general public.(這位哲學(xué)家的思想對普通大眾來說太深?yuàn)W了。)
flourish(n. 揮舞(打手勢))
【釋義】以一種夸張、引人注目的方式揮動(dòng)(手、手臂或其他物體),通常是為了表達(dá)情感、引起注意或強(qiáng)調(diào)某事。例如:With a flourish of his hand, he announced the start of the show.(他揮了一下手,宣布演出開始。)
【詞源】源自拉丁語“florere”(繁榮、茂盛),最初表示像花朵盛開一樣的揮動(dòng)動(dòng)作,后來專指揮舞(打手勢)。
【短語】with a flourish(華麗地、夸張地);flourish of the pen(大筆一揮)。
【例句】He made a flourish with his sword to show his courage.(他揮舞著劍以顯示他的勇氣。)
coordinate(v. 協(xié)調(diào))
【釋義】使不同的事物或人之間相互配合、和諧運(yùn)作,以達(dá)到共同的目標(biāo)。例如:The manager needs to coordinate different departments to complete the project.(經(jīng)理需要協(xié)調(diào)不同部門來完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。)
【詞源】由“co - ”(共同)+“ordinate”(排列、秩序)構(gòu)成,表示使共同處于一種有秩序的狀態(tài),即協(xié)調(diào)。
【短語】coordinate with(與…協(xié)調(diào));coordinate efforts(協(xié)調(diào)努力)。
【例句】We should coordinate our schedules to meet more often.(我們應(yīng)該協(xié)調(diào)我們的日程安排以便更頻繁地見面。)
microscopic(adj. 微小的)
【釋義】非常小的,只能通過顯微鏡才能看到的;也可比喻極小的、微觀的。例如:Microscopic organisms live in the water.(微小的生物生活在水中。)
【詞源】由“micro - ”(小)+“scopic”(與看有關(guān)的,源自希臘語“skopein”)構(gòu)成,表示通過顯微鏡才能看到的,即微小的。
【短語】microscopic size(微小的尺寸);microscopic analysis(微觀分析)。
【例句】There are some microscopic cracks in the glass.(玻璃上有一些微小的裂縫。)
reproach(v. 責(zé)備)
【釋義】因某人做錯(cuò)事或沒有達(dá)到期望而批評、指責(zé)他們。例如:His mother reproached him for not doing his homework.(他的母親責(zé)備他沒有做家庭作業(yè)。)
【詞源】源自法語“reprocher”,來自拉丁語“re - ”(回)+“prope”(近),原意為帶回近前(以便指責(zé)),引申為責(zé)備。
【短語】reproach someone for(因…責(zé)備某人);beyond reproach(無可指責(zé))。
【例句】She reproached herself for being so careless.(她責(zé)備自己太粗心了。)
adamant(adj. 堅(jiān)定的,不動(dòng)搖的)
【釋義】堅(jiān)決的,堅(jiān)定不移的,不會(huì)被勸說或改變想法的。例如:He was adamant about his decision to quit his job.(他對辭職的決定非常堅(jiān)定。)
【詞源】源自希臘語“adamas”(最堅(jiān)硬的金屬,鉆石),表示像鉆石一樣堅(jiān)硬、堅(jiān)定。
【短語】be adamant in(在…方面堅(jiān)定不移);adamant refusal(堅(jiān)決拒絕)。
【例句】The company was adamant that they would not change their policy.(公司堅(jiān)決表示不會(huì)改變他們的政策。)
二、課文精講
Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.
-punctuality / p nk.t u l. .ti/ n.準(zhǔn)時(shí)
-in a state of 在... 的狀態(tài)下。
譯文:在文明社會(huì)中,準(zhǔn)時(shí),是社交活動(dòng)中必要的行為準(zhǔn)則。沒有這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則,任何事情都無法取得一個(gè)成果,所有的事情都會(huì)陷入混亂。
Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality.
-Only in a sparsely-populated…is it possible…,這是一個(gè)倒裝句,因?yàn)閛nly放在句首。
-sparsely /spɑ sli/ adv.稀少地
-disregard / d s.r ɡɑ d/ v. 忽視,漠視,無視
-tolerance / t l. r. ns/ n.寬容;忍受;容忍
譯文:只有在人煙稀少的農(nóng)村社區(qū),才有可能忽略這項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則。在普通的日常生活中,稍許不準(zhǔn)時(shí)是可以被容忍的。
The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party.
-intellectual / n.t l ek.t u. l/ n.知識(shí)分子,腦力勞動(dòng)者
-abstruse / b stru s/ adj.難解的;深?yuàn)W的
-coordinate /k .d .ne t/ v.協(xié)調(diào);使相配合
-for the matter in hand,為手中的事。
-if late for a dinner party,在以if,when,though等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中,當(dāng)其謂語為be時(shí),而主語又與主句的主語相同,從句中往往可以將主語和謂語省去。上句if后就省略了he is。
譯文:那些鉆研深?yuàn)W問題的知識(shí)分子會(huì)把所有與手中相關(guān)的事情,都協(xié)調(diào)組織好。如果他在晚宴上遲到,就會(huì)得到原諒。
But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment.
-reproach /r pr t / v.(尤指因?yàn)槟橙藳]成功或沒達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)而)責(zé)備,責(zé)怪,批評
-cut things fine,把時(shí)間安排得不留余地。
-energetic / en. d et. k/ adj.精力充沛的;充滿活力的
-be tempted to do sth, 想要(某物);想做(某事)。
-setting out to keep an appointment 赴約。
譯文:人們經(jīng)常因?yàn)檫t到而受到責(zé)備,而遲到的原因恰是把時(shí)間安排的太緊。讓精力充沛,頭腦敏捷的人浪費(fèi)時(shí)間是很困難的,因?yàn)樗麄兛偸窍朐诟凹s前,試圖把某件事情做完。
If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tyres, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late.
-descent /d sent/ n.不期而至,突然到達(dá)
譯文:假如途中沒有爆胎、交通管制、突然起霧的意外的話,他們一定會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。他們通常比從不遲到的人更勤勞,更有用。
The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance.
-as much as,和……一樣。
-trial /tra l/ n.惹麻煩的人;令人傷腦筋的事物;考驗(yàn)
-nuisance / nju .s ns/ n.惱人的事物(或人);麻煩的事物(或人)
-half an hour too soon(= half an hour earlier),早到半個(gè)小時(shí)。
譯文:過早和遲到一樣,也會(huì)令人討厭。提前半小時(shí)到達(dá)的客人就是最討厭的。
Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.
-irritating / r. .te .t / adj.惱人的,令人厭煩的
譯文:我家有幾個(gè)朋友,就有這個(gè)煩人的習(xí)慣。唯一的辦法,就只好讓他們比別人晚半個(gè)小時(shí)再來。于是他們就會(huì)和別人一起,在我們希望的時(shí)間到達(dá)。
If you are catching a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute too late.
-fraction / fr k. n/ n.極小的部分
譯文:如果你正要趕火車,那舒舒服服地提前到達(dá)車晗,總是比遲到要好,哪怕只是遲到一分鐘。
Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it.
-frustration /fr s tre . n/ n.(因不能滿足需求而)沮喪;令人沮喪的事物
-draw out of the station 火車離站。
譯文:雖然,早到意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,但好過錯(cuò)過火車,不得不在車站花一個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更久等待下一班火車。也可以避免剛到車站,看到火車正駛離車站而又無法趕上的沮喪。
An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was travelling alone.
-befall /b f l/ v.(壞事)降臨(于),發(fā)生(在…身上)
- in good time,作“適當(dāng)?shù)亍薄ⅰ凹皶r(shí)地”講。
-go off 離開。
譯文:更令人沮喪的情況還可能是你已經(jīng)及時(shí)到了月臺(tái),但還是看到火車開走了,自己卻沒上。這樣的情況就發(fā)生在一個(gè)第一次獨(dú)自旅行的年輕女孩身上。
She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her.
-impress sth on/upon sb 使(某人)明白…的重要性(或價(jià)值)
-due /d u / adj.預(yù)計(jì)的,預(yù)期的
譯文:她在火車出發(fā)前20分鐘抵達(dá)車站,因?yàn)樗母改冈偃嵝阉绻e(cuò)過火車是難辭其咎的, 還會(huì)讓與她要同住的朋友,特地去接她兩次。
She gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. To her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. She felt in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and gave it to the porter.
-horror / h r. r/ n.恐懼;震驚;(…的)震驚性,恐怖性
譯文:她把行李給了搬運(yùn)工,給他看了車票。沒想到他說,她早到了2個(gè)小時(shí)。她從包里摸出了一張紙,上面有她爸爸提前寫好的行程單,給了搬運(yùn)工。
He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers. The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake.
-did come ,did 強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
譯文:他說這輛火車的確會(huì)來也會(huì)停下,但只載郵件,不載乘客。女孩問他要時(shí)間表看一看,因?yàn)樗_信她的父親不會(huì)犯這種錯(cuò)誤。
The porter went to fetch one and arrived back with the station master, who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic ‘o’ beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; this little ‘o’ indicated that the train only stopped for mail.
-with a flourish 動(dòng)作夸張地.
-microscopic / ma .kr sk p. k/ adj.極小的;需要用顯微鏡才可看見的
譯文: 搬運(yùn)工拿來了一份時(shí)間表,與他一起的,還有站長,站長夸張地拿出了時(shí)間表,指著火車抵達(dá)時(shí)刻表邊上一個(gè)微微小的, 這個(gè)小o表示這輛車只載郵件。
Just as that moment the train came into the station. The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van.
-slip /sl p/ v.溜走;迅速地做;悄悄地做
-guard /ɡɑ d/ n.列車長
-just as that moment 正在那時(shí)。
譯文:就在那個(gè)時(shí)刻,火車來了。而女孩哭著央求站長,能不能允許她溜進(jìn)列車長的車廂。
But the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken. And she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.
-adamant / d. .m nt/ adj.固執(zhí)的;堅(jiān)決的,堅(jiān)定不移的
譯文:站長堅(jiān)持說:規(guī)則不能打破。于是她不得不看著火車在自己目的地的方向漸漸消失,而自己卻被拉下了。

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