資源簡介 (4)代詞——中考英語知識清單代詞,是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用,代詞分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、關系代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞等。而在中考中,人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞則作為重點考查內容。一、人稱代詞1. 人稱代詞的主格和賓格,其具體內容如下表:人稱 數 格 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱單數 復數 單數 復數 單數 復數主格 I we you you he she it they賓格 me us you you him her it them2. 人稱代詞的用法(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中充當主語。例:She is a good student.(2)人稱代詞的賓格在句中充當動詞、介詞的賓語或表語。例:I don't know her.(作賓語)His mother is waiting for him outside.(作賓語)—Who is there —It's me!(作表語)3. 人稱代詞的語序幾個人稱代詞并列充當主語時,它們的順序是:單數形式(二、三、一)you, he/she and I復數形式(一、二、三)we, you and they二、物主代詞1. 物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,列表如下:人稱 數 格 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱單數 復數 單數 復數 單數 復數形容詞性 my our your your his her its their名詞性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs2. 形容詞性物主代詞后面常接名詞,一般不單獨使用。例:His parents are both office workers, my name is Jack.3. 名詞性物主代詞后面不需要加名詞,相當于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。例:My idea is quite different from hers.4. 名詞性物主代詞可與of連用,表示部分概念或帶有一定的感彩。例:He is a friend of mine.(我的一個朋友)三、反身代詞1. 反身代詞的單復數形式如下表:人稱 數 反身代詞第一人稱 單數 myself復數 ourselves第二人稱 單數 yourself復數 yourselves第三人稱 單數 himselfherselfitself復數 themselves2. 反身代詞的用法反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞在人稱、性別、數上保持一致。例:I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作賓語)The children made model planes themselves.(作同位語)3. 反身代詞的常用詞組teach oneself 自學learn by oneself 自學enjoy oneself 過得愉快;玩得高興help oneself to 隨便吃/用come to oneself 蘇醒hurt oneself 受傷by oneself 獨自四、不定代詞1. 常用不定代詞有:some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,all,each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。2. 復合不定代詞somebody (某人) anybody (任何人) nobody (沒有人) everybody (每人)someone (某人) anyone (任何人) no one (沒有人) everyone (每人)something (某事) anything (任何事) nothing (沒什么) everything (每件事)例:Do you have anything special to tell me today 今天你有什么特別的事要告訴我嗎?Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.同學們,聽我說,我有一些事管要告訴你們。—Is there anything in the cup 一杯子里有東西嗎?—No, there is nothing.—沒有,什么也沒有。注意:1. 當反意疑問句陳述部分的主語是指人的復合不定代詞,如everybody,nobody,anyone等時,其反意疑問部分的主語常用代詞 they;當反意疑問句陳述部分的主語是指物的復合不定代詞,如everything,anything,something,nothing 等時,其反意疑問部分的主語通常用代詞it。例:Everybody is here, aren't they Everything is ready, isn't it 2. 當形容詞或else修飾復合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時,形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。例:Xiao Ming has something important to tell you.小明有一些重要的事情要告訴你。Can you find anyone else 你能找到其他人嗎?3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物,還可以和of短語連用。例:I'd like everyone to be happy.我希望人人都幸福。I have kept every one of her letters.我把她的每一封信都保存了下來。五、指示代詞指示代詞 this,that,these,those的用法1. this/these(1)近指例:This is my pen.這是我的鋼筆。These are my books.這些是我的書。(2)指下文要提到的事Please remember this: No pain, no gain.請記住:一分耕耘,一分收獲。2. that/those(1)遠指例:That is her bike.那是她的自行車。Those are my sheep.那些是我的綿羊。(2)指前面剛剛提到過的事例:He was ill. That was why he didn't go to school.他病了。那就是他沒有去上學的原因。3. 打電話時用this介紹自己,用that詢問對方。This is Mike speaking.例:我是邁克。Who is that speaking 您是哪位?that,those常用在比較句型中(as…as同級比較…than比較級)例:The weather in Shenzhen is different from that in Beijing.深圳的天氣和北京的(天氣)不同。The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中國的人口比日本的(人口)多The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in the shop.這個商店的蘋果比那個商店的(蘋果)要便宜得多。六、幾組不定代詞的區分:1. one與it的區別One代替同類事物中的一種,而it代替上文中出現的某事物。例:This book is a good one.May I borrow it 2. some與any的區別some和any既可以修飾名詞,可數名詞,又可以修飾不可數名詞。some常用在肯定句中,而any則常用在否定句和疑問句中。some可以用在表示肯定的陳述句和祈使句以及反義疑問句中,肯定的陳述部分中。some和any的區別主要是考慮用在肯定句,疑問句還是否定句中,與名詞的可數與否無關。一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定、疑問句、條件句中;但在表建議的疑問句中,仍用some代any,常用于could/would/May 開頭或what about/how about…的句中。例:May I have some water He asked me for some paper, but I didn't have any.3. many與much的區別Many+可數名詞的復數Much+不可數名詞都相當于a lot of+復數名詞/不可數名注意:a lot of 不能用于否定句中,否定句中用many/much。4. a few/few/a little/little的區別例:The story is easy to read.There are new words in it.Hurry up! There is time left.5. each/every的區別each表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個,而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個。例:There are trees and flowers on side of the street.Student has read a story注意:each 可以與of 連用,each of作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。而every 不能與of連用,只能放在名詞前作定語。例:Each of us (study) hard.6. no one與none的區別no one表示沒有人,不能與of連用。而none of+復數名詞/代詞,作主語時,謂語常用單數。例:The boys were all tired, but none of them stopped to have a rest.7. both/neither/either/all/none/any的區別(1)both的否定詞是neither,all的否定詞是none。(2)both of 作主語時謂語動詞用復數。(3)neither of作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。例:Neither of the answers (is) right.Both of my parents (are) workers.(4)both...and…連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞用復數。同義詞組:not only...but also…反義詞組:neither...nor...例:Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= Both you and she like watching TV.(5)either...or…或者……或者……,neither...no...既不……也不……連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞實行就近原則。例:Neither you nor he is (be) right.One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park.=Lily or Lucy is going to the park.(6)either也可用于否定句中的“也”(7)neither 也可表示“也不”句型:neither... sb. 某人也不……。例:If you don't go there, neither do I(我也不去)(8)how many/how much 的回答:用none回答。Who的回答:用no one回答。What 的回答:用nothing回答。例:How many students are there in the classroom 8. other/the other/others/the others的區別:(1)one...the other…表示兩者之間的一個……另一個……(2)some…others...表示一些……一些……(3)another表示三者以上的不確定數目中的另一個,只能修飾可數名詞的單數,但another+數字+復數名詞=數字+more+復數名詞表示“另外幾個……”。例:Would you like apple I have two brothers, one is a teacher, and the other is a worker.Some are cleaning the classroom, others are sweeping the window.There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and another twelve are women teachers. 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫