資源簡介 新概念第三冊Lesson 55 From the Earth Greetings單詞精講astronomy(1. 1)/ 'str n mi/n.天文學【釋義】研究天體(如恒星、行星、衛(wèi)星、彗星、星系等)以及宇宙的結構、起源、演化等的科學學科。例如:Astronomy helps us understand the vastness of the universe.(天文學幫助我們理解宇宙的浩瀚。)【詞源】源自希臘語“astron”(星)+“ - nomy”(學科、法則),表示關于星星的學科。【短語】radio astronomy(射電天文學);astronomy club(天文俱樂部)。【例句】He has been interested in astronomy since he was a child.(他從小就對天文學感興趣。)particle(n. 微粒,粒子)【釋義】非常小的物質(zhì)部分,可能是原子、分子或更小的單位。例如:Sub - atomic particles are the building blocks of matter.(亞原子粒子是物質(zhì)的組成部分。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“particula”,是“pars”(部分)的小詞形式,表示小部分,即微粒。【短語】elementary particle(基本粒子);particle accelerator(粒子加速器)。【例句】Dust particles are floating in the air.(灰塵微粒在空氣中漂浮。)relative(adj. 相對的)【釋義】與其他事物相比較而言的;有關系的、相關的。例如:The concept of time is relative.(時間的概念是相對的。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“relativus”,由“referre”(參考、涉及)派生而來,表示與其他事物有關的,相對的。【短語】relative humidity(相對濕度);relative motion(相對運動)。【例句】The price of this product is relative to its quality.(這個產(chǎn)品的價格與其質(zhì)量相關。)Jupiter(n. 木星)【釋義】太陽系中最大的行星,是一顆氣態(tài)巨行星。例如:Jupiter has a large number of moons.(木星有很多衛(wèi)星。)【詞源】以羅馬神話中的眾神之王朱庇特(Jupiter)命名。【短語】Jupiter's atmosphere(木星的大氣層);orbit of Jupiter(木星的軌道)。【例句】Scientists are constantly studying Jupiter to learn more about its composition.(科學家們不斷研究木星以更多地了解它的組成。)infinitely(adv. 無限地,無窮地)【釋義】表示沒有限制、沒有盡頭的程度或方式。例如:The universe seems to be infinitely large.(宇宙似乎是無限大的。)【詞源】由“infinite”(adj. 無限的,源自拉丁語“infinitus”,由“in - ”(不)+“finis”(界限))+“ - ly”(副詞后綴)組成。【短語】infinitely small(無窮小);infinitely many(無窮多)。【例句】This equation can be extended infinitely.(這個方程式可以無限延伸。)blot(v. 遮暗)【釋義】使(某物)變模糊、變暗淡;弄臟(紙張等)。例如:The thick clouds blot the sun.(厚厚的云層遮暗了太陽。)【詞源】源自古英語“blottian”,可能與斑點(blot)有關,因為斑點會使東西看起來變臟或變暗。【短語】blot out(完全遮住;抹去);blot with(用…弄臟)。【例句】The ink blot spoiled the letter.(墨水漬弄臟了信件。)solar(adj. 太陽系的)【釋義】與太陽有關的,尤指太陽系的結構、現(xiàn)象等。例如:Solar energy is a renewable energy source.(太陽能是一種可再生能源。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“sol”(太陽)。【短語】solar system(太陽系);solar eclipse(日食)。【例句】The solar wind has an impact on the Earth's magnetic field.(太陽風對地球磁場有影響。)analyse(v. 分析)【釋義】仔細研究(某物)以了解其組成、結構、性質(zhì)等;分解(復雜的事物)為各個部分進行研究。例如:Scientists analyse the data to find patterns.(科學家們分析數(shù)據(jù)以找到規(guī)律。)【詞源】源自希臘語“analysis”,由“ana - ”(向上、向后)+“l(fā)ysis”(松開)組成,原意為分解,后引申為分析。【短語】analyse data(分析數(shù)據(jù));analyse a problem(分析問題)。【例句】The chemist will analyse the sample in the laboratory.(化學家將在實驗室里分析這個樣本。)Venus(n. 金星)【釋義】太陽系中離太陽第二近的行星,是一顆類地行星。例如:Venus is often called the Earth's sister planet.(金星常被稱為地球的姊妹行星。)【詞源】以羅馬神話中的愛與美之神維納斯(Venus)命名。【短語】Venus's atmosphere(金星的大氣層);surface of Venus(金星的表面)。【例句】The exploration of Venus is very challenging.(對金星的探索非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性。)bacteria(n. 細菌)【釋義】一類單細胞微生物,種類繁多,有些對生物有益,有些則有害。例如:Some bacteria can cause diseases.(有些細菌會導致疾病。)【詞源】源自希臘語“bakterion”,小的桿狀物,因為早期發(fā)現(xiàn)的細菌多呈桿狀。【短語】harmful bacteria(有害細菌);bacteria culture(細菌培養(yǎng))。【例句】Bacteria are everywhere, even in the air we breathe.(細菌無處不在,甚至在我們呼吸的空氣中。)Mars(n. 火星)【釋義】太陽系中的一顆行星,是地球的近鄰,被認為可能存在生命跡象。例如:Mars has been the target of many space exploration missions.(火星一直是許多太空探索任務的目標。)【詞源】以羅馬神話中的戰(zhàn)神瑪爾斯(Mars)命名。【短語】Mars exploration(火星探索);Martian soil(火星土壤)。【例句】Scientists are eager to find evidence of water on Mars.(科學家們渴望在火星上找到水的證據(jù)。)oxygen(n. 氧氣)【釋義】一種無色、無味、無臭的氣體,是大多數(shù)生物呼吸所必需的物質(zhì)。例如:Plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis.(植物在光合作用過程中產(chǎn)生氧氣。)【詞源】源自法語“oxygène”,由希臘語“oxus”(酸的)+“ - genēs”(產(chǎn)生)組成,因為早期認為氧氣是產(chǎn)生酸的物質(zhì)。【短語】oxygen supply(氧氣供應);oxygen level(氧氣含量)。【例句】Without oxygen, humans can't survive for long.(沒有氧氣,人類無法長時間生存。)orbit(n. 運行軌道)【釋義】天體(如行星、衛(wèi)星等)繞著另一個天體(如恒星)運行的路徑。例如:The Earth's orbit around the Sun is an ellipse.(地球繞太陽的運行軌道是一個橢圓。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“orbita”,原意為車輪的痕跡,引申為天體的運行軌道。【短語】in orbit(在軌道上);orbit transfer(軌道轉移)。【例句】The satellite was launched into a stable orbit.(衛(wèi)星被發(fā)射到一個穩(wěn)定的軌道上。)realm(n. 領域)【釋義】一個特定的范圍、區(qū)域或領域,可指知識、活動、興趣等方面。例如:The realm of science is constantly expanding.(科學領域在不斷擴大。)【詞源】源自古法語“reaume”,最終源自拉丁語“regimen”(統(tǒng)治、管理),表示被統(tǒng)治或管理的范圍,即領域。【短語】political realm(政治領域);realm of imagination(想象的領域)。【例句】She is a leading figure in the realm of art.(她是藝術領域的一位領軍人物。)astronomical(adj. 天文學的)【釋義】與天文學有關的;極大的(數(shù)量、規(guī)模等,常以夸張的方式表示)。例如:The cost of the project is astronomical.(這個項目的成本極高。)【詞源】由“astronomy”(n. 天文學)+“ - ical”(形容詞后綴)組成。【短語】astronomical observatory(天文臺);astronomical unit(天文單位)。【例句】Astronomical research requires advanced equipment.(天文學研究需要先進的設備。)endeavour(n. 努力)【釋義】為實現(xiàn)某個目標而付出的認真、積極的嘗試或努力。例如:His endeavour to climb the mountain was finally successful.(他攀登這座山的努力最終成功了。)【詞源】源自古法語“esdeveir”,表示盡力、努力。【短語】in one's endeavour(在某人的努力中);endeavour after(努力追求)。【例句】All his endeavours were focused on getting a good education.(他所有的努力都集中在獲得良好的教育上。)generate(v. 產(chǎn)生)【釋義】使(某物)存在或出現(xiàn);創(chuàng)造、引起(如能量、情感等)。例如:The power plant generates electricity.(發(fā)電廠發(fā)電。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“generare”,由“genus”(種類、家族)派生而來,表示產(chǎn)生同類的東西,即產(chǎn)生。【短語】generate heat(產(chǎn)生熱量);generate income(產(chǎn)生收入)。【例句】The new policy will generate a lot of discussion.(新政策將引發(fā)很多討論。)二、課文精講Recent developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our own Milky Way and in other galaxies.-astronomy / str n. .mi/ n.天文學-detect /d tekt/ v.(通常指用特殊設備)探測,檢測,測出-planet / pl n. t/ n.行星-Milky Way,銀河。-galaxy / ɡ l. k.si/ n.星系譯文:天文學的最新發(fā)展讓我們能夠在銀河系和其他星系中探測到其他的行星。This is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very small and do not emit light. Finding planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove infinitely more difficult.-in relative terms ,相比較而言。-infinitely / n.f .n t.li/ adv.非常;無限地;極大地譯文:這是一項很大的成就,因為相對而言,行星非常小且不會發(fā)光。找到行星本就不容易,但是要在行星上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡象那就更困難了。The first question to answer is whether a planet can actually support life. In our own solar system, for example, Venus is far too hot and Mars is far too cold to support life.-the solar system, 太陽系-Venus / vi .n s/ n.金星-Mars /mɑ z/ n.火星譯文:第一個要了解的問題就是這個行星是否能夠維持生命。比如說,我們所在的太陽系中,金星太冷而火星又太熱,都不適合生存。Only the Earth provides ideal conditions, and even here it has taken more than four billion years for plant and animal life to evolve.-evolve / v lv/ v.(使)逐步發(fā)展;(使)逐步演變;(使)逐漸形成;(使)進化譯文:只有地球能夠提供理想的生活條件,即使在地球,植物和動物的進化也用了40億多年。Whether a planet can support life depends on the size and brightness of its star, that is its 'sun'.-以whether引導的名詞性從句作句子的主語。譯文:一顆行星是否能支持生命取決于它的大小和它的‘恒星’的亮度,也就是它的‘太陽’。Imagine a star up to twenty times larger, brighter and hotter than our own sun. A planet would have to be a very long way from it to be capable of supporting life.譯文:想象一下,如果有一顆恒星,無論大小、亮度、熱度,都比我們的太陽要大20倍。那行星就必須離它足夠遠,才能夠維系生命。Alternatively, if the star were small, the life supporting planet would have to have a close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to develop.-alternatively / l t .n .t v.li/ adv.(用來建議別種可能性)要不,或者-orbit / .b t/ n.運行譯文:或者,如果恒星很小,那行星就必須繞著它近距離運行,這樣也能維系生命。But how would we find such a planet At present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life. The development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical projects of the twenty-first century.-telescope / tel. .sk p/ n.望遠鏡-astronomical / s.tr n m. .k l/ adj.天文學的;天文的,天體的譯文:但我們?nèi)绾握业竭@樣的行星呢?目前為止,還沒有任何望遠鏡能夠探測到生命的跡象。這種望遠鏡的發(fā)展,將會是21世紀最重要的天文學項目之一。It is impossible to look for life on another planet using earth-based telescopes. Our own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope would make it impossible to detect objects as small as planets.-atmosphere / t.m .sf r/ n.(包圍地球的)大氣,大氣層,大氣圈-earth-based telescopes,放置在地球上的望遠鏡。譯文:放置在地球上的望遠鏡使是無法在其他行星上尋找生命跡象的。因為地球溫暖的大氣層,和望遠鏡產(chǎn)生的熱,會讓我們無法探測到比行星更小的物體。Even a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful Hubble telescope, would not be suitable because of the dust particles in our solar system.-particle / pɑ .t .k l/ n.微粒,粒子譯文:即使是繞著地球運行的望遠鏡,像著名的哈勃望遠鏡,也因為太陽系中的塵粒而無法做到。A telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to look for life in outer space, because the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system.-Jupiter / d u .p .t r/ n.木星-outer space, 外層空間,太空譯文:一座望遠鏡至少要像木星那么遠,才能夠在外太空探索生命。因為越靠近太陽系的邊際,塵粒就會越來越稀少。Once we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the light from its star, so that we would be able to 'see' the planet properly and analyse its atmosphere.-blot out, 遮蔽(尤指陽光)。譯文:一旦探測到行星,我們還要想辦法遮蔽它的恒星散發(fā)出來的光,這樣我們就能好好地看清這顆行星,分析它的大氣層。In the first instance, we would be looking for plant life, rather than 'little green men'. The life forms most likely to develop on a planet would be bacteria. It is bacteria that have generated the oxygen we breathe on earth.-in the first instance 首先。-bacteria /b k t .ri. / n.細菌-it is ... that ... , 強調(diào)句型。譯文:首先,我們要尋找有沒有植物存在,而不是‘綠色的小人’。最有可能在行星上發(fā)展的就是細菌。正是這種細菌產(chǎn)生氧氣,讓我們在地球上能夠呼吸。For most of the earth's history they have been the only form of life on our planet. As Earth-dwellers, we always cherish the hope that we will be visited by little green men and that we will be able to communicate with them.-dweller / dwel. r/ n.城市/城鎮(zhèn)/洞穴等居民-cherish / t er. / v.珍藏,懷有(希望、記憶);抱有(想法)譯文: 在地球很長的歷史過程中,細菌是唯一的生命形式。作為地球的居民,我們總是抱有一種希望,就是綠色的外星人會來做客,我們也能夠與他們進行交流。But this hope is always in the realms of science fiction. If we were able to discover lowly forms of life like bacteria on another planet, it would completely change our view of ourselves.-in the realms of science fiction,在科幻小說中存在。-lowly / l .li/ adj. 低等的,卑微的譯文:但這種希望總是在科幻小說中存在。如果我們能夠在其他行星上發(fā)現(xiàn)低端生物比如細菌,將會徹底改變我們對自己的看法。As Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, 'Finding life elsewhere would change everything. No human endeavour or thought would be unchanged by it. '-NASA,這是國家航空和宇宙航空局的首字母縮寫(也可作N.A.S.A.或Nasa)。這個組織建于1958年,負責組織美國的航空宇航研究。它的巨大成功之一便是1969年7月21日把一個人(內(nèi)爾·阿姆斯特朗,乘“阿波羅11”號宇宙飛船)送上了月球。譯文:正如NASA 成員丹尼爾·戈爾丁所說,‘在其他地方找到生命將會改變一切,人類的努力和想法都會被改變。’ 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫