資源簡介 新概念第三冊Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about單詞精講rough adj.崎嶇不平的【釋義】表面不平整、有凸起和凹陷的;也可形容事物的制作或處理不夠精細、簡陋的;還可以表示行為粗暴、艱難的等意思。例如:The rough road made the journey very uncomfortable.(崎嶇不平的道路使旅程非常不舒服。)【詞源】源自古英語“ruh”,表示多毛的、粗糙的,最初可能是形容毛發(fā)粗糙的感覺,后來引申到物體表面不光滑等含義。【短語】rough surface(粗糙表面);rough terrain(崎嶇地形);a rough estimate(粗略估計)。【例句】He had a rough time during his first year in the new city.(他在新城市的第一年過得很艱難。)boulder(n. 大石塊)【釋義】一種巨大、圓形或不規(guī)則形狀的石頭,通常比普通石頭大很多。例如:The boulder blocked the path.(大石塊擋住了道路。)【詞源】源自古英語“bullere”,可能來自與“滾動”相關(guān)的詞源,大石塊可能因其較大的體積和形狀容易滾動而得名。【短語】giant boulder(巨石);boulder field(巨石場)。【例句】Climbers often practice on small boulders before attempting larger mountains.(登山者在嘗試攀登大山之前經(jīng)常在小石塊上練習(xí)。)pit(v. 使得坑坑洼洼)【釋義】通過挖掘或破壞使表面形成坑洼,也可表示使某物陷入困境或與某物競爭(如pit against)。例如:The heavy rain pitted the dirt road.(大雨使土路變得坑坑洼洼。)【詞源】源自古英語“pytt”,最初表示一個小的凹陷或洞,作為動詞時表示制造這種凹陷。【短語】pit against(使與…對抗);be pitted with(布滿…坑洼)。【例句】The surface of the old table was pitted with scratches.(舊桌子的表面布滿了劃痕形成的坑洼。)perturb(v. 使不安)【釋義】使(某人或某物)心煩意亂、擾亂,通常是因為發(fā)生了意外或不愉快的事情。例如:The news of the accident perturbed him greatly.(事故的消息使他非常不安。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“perturbare”,由“per - ”(徹底地)+“turbare”(擾亂)構(gòu)成,意思是徹底地擾亂。【短語】be perturbed by(被…所擾亂)。【例句】She was perturbed by the strange noises outside.(她被外面奇怪的聲音弄得不安。)underestimate(v. 低估)【釋義】對某人或某物的能力、價值、數(shù)量等估計過低。例如:Don't underestimate his intelligence.(不要低估他的智力。)【詞源】由“under - ”(在…之下、低于)+“estimate”(估計)構(gòu)成,表示低于實際的估計。【短語】underestimate the importance(低估重要性);underestimate one's strength(低估某人的力量)。【例句】They underestimated the cost of the project.(他們低估了項目的成本。)swerve(v. 急轉(zhuǎn)變)【釋義】突然改變方向,尤指車輛或其他移動物體突然轉(zhuǎn)向。例如:The car had to swerve to avoid hitting the dog.(汽車不得不急轉(zhuǎn)以避免撞到狗。)【詞源】可能源自斯堪的納維亞語源,與“彎曲”或“轉(zhuǎn)向”的概念有關(guān)。【短語】swerve to(轉(zhuǎn)向…);swerve off(偏離…)。【例句】The cyclist swerved to the side of the road to let the car pass.(騎自行車的人轉(zhuǎn)向路邊讓汽車通過。)scoop(v. 挖出)【釋義】用工具(如勺子、鏟子等)舀出、挖出或鏟起某物。例如:He scooped some ice cream into a bowl.(他舀了一些冰淇淋到碗里。)【詞源】源自古英語“scoppan”,最初表示挖空或舀出的動作。【短語】scoop up(舀起;鏟起);scoop out(挖出;舀出)。【例句】They scooped out a hole in the ground to plant the tree.(他們在地上挖出一個洞來種樹。)hammer(v. (用錘)擊打,錘打)【釋義】用錘子或類似工具反復(fù)敲打某物,也可表示用力打擊或攻擊(比喻用法)。例如:He hammered the nail into the wood.(他用錘子把釘子釘進木頭里。)【詞源】源自古英語“hamor”,表示錘子,作為動詞就是用錘子進行的動作。【短語】hammer at(敲打;致力于);hammer away(不斷地錘擊;努力不懈地做)。【例句】The blacksmith hammered the hot metal into shape.(鐵匠將熱金屬錘打成形狀。)ominously(adv. 有預(yù)兆的,不祥的)【釋義】以一種預(yù)示著不好的事情即將發(fā)生的方式,表示不祥之兆。例如:The sky grew dark ominously.(天空不祥地暗了下來。)【詞源】由“ominous”(形容詞,預(yù)兆的、不祥的)+“ - ly”(副詞后綴)構(gòu)成,“ominous”源自拉丁語“omen”(預(yù)兆)。【短語】look ominously(看起來不祥)。【例句】The wind howled ominously through the trees.(風(fēng)不祥地在樹林中呼嘯。)rip(v. 劃破,撕,扯)【釋義】用力將某物撕開、扯開或劃破,使物體分裂或破損。例如:He accidentally ripped his shirt on a nail.(他不小心在釘子上劃破了他的襯衫。)【詞源】源自古英語“reopan”,表示撕裂、扯破的動作。【短語】rip apart(撕開;把…扯破);rip off(撕掉;欺騙,非正式用法)。【例句】The dog ripped the pillow to shreds.(狗把枕頭撕成了碎片。)petrol(n. 汽油)【釋義】一種用于內(nèi)燃機(如汽車發(fā)動機)的揮發(fā)性燃料,由石油提煉而成。例如:My car needs some petrol.(我的汽車需要一些汽油。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“petroleum”(石油),“ - ol”表示油類物質(zhì),在英式英語中常用來表示汽油。【短語】petrol station(加油站);petrol tank(汽油箱)。【例句】The price of petrol has been rising recently.(最近汽油價格一直在上漲。)stretch(n. 一大片(平地或水))【釋義】指一大片連續(xù)的平地或水域,具有一定的廣度或長度。例如:We could see a vast stretch of desert in the distance.(我們可以看到遠處一大片沙漠。)【詞源】源自古英語“streccan”,表示伸展、拉長的動作,名詞形式表示伸展后的一片區(qū)域。【短語】a long stretch of road(一大段路);a stretch of beach(一片海灘)。【例句】There is a beautiful stretch of water in front of the house.(房子前面有一大片美麗的水域。)obstacle(n. 障礙)【釋義】阻礙某人或某物前進、發(fā)展或達成目標的事物或情況。例如:Lack of education can be a major obstacle to success.(缺乏教育可能是成功的一個主要障礙。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“obstaculum”,由“ob - ”(反對、阻礙)+“stare”(站立)構(gòu)成,表示站在對立面阻礙的東西。【短語】overcome an obstacle(克服障礙);obstacle course(障礙訓(xùn)練場)。【例句】The fallen tree was an obstacle in our path.(倒下的樹是我們道路上的一個障礙。)clump(n. 叢,簇)【釋義】指許多相同或相似的事物聚集在一起形成的一團、一叢或一簇,如植物的叢、毛發(fā)的簇等。例如:There was a clump of bushes at the corner of the garden.(花園的角落有一叢灌木。)【詞源】可能源自古英語“clumpen”,表示堆積、聚集的概念。【短語】a clump of grass(一叢草);clump of trees(樹叢)。【例句】She found a clump of hair in the drain.(她在排水口發(fā)現(xiàn)了一簇頭發(fā)。)fissure(n. (石,地的)深縫)【釋義】指巖石、土地等表面上的深而窄的裂縫或縫隙。例如:The earthquake caused several fissures in the ground.(地震在地面上造成了幾條深縫。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“fissura”,表示裂縫、裂隙的概念。【短語】fissure in the rock(巖石中的裂縫)。【例句】Water seeped through the fissure in the wall.(水從墻上的裂縫中滲出。)renew(v. 重復(fù))【釋義】使某事重新開始、恢復(fù)或更新,有再次進行或重新啟動的意思,也可表示延長(如合同、許可證等的有效期)。例如:They decided to renew their friendship after years of separation.(他們在多年分離后決定重續(xù)友誼。)【詞源】由“re - ”(再、重新)+“new”(新的)構(gòu)成,表示重新變得新的,即更新、重新開始。【短語】renew a contract(續(xù)簽合同);renew one's efforts(重新努力)。【例句】We need to renew our library cards every year.(我們需要每年更新我們的圖書館借書卡。)pleading(n. 懇求)【釋義】一種真誠、急切地請求或哀求的行為或表達。例如:His pleading for help was ignored.(他的懇求幫助被忽視了。)【詞源】由“plead”(動詞,懇求)+“ - ing”(名詞后綴)構(gòu)成,“plead”源自古英語“pledian”。【短語】a pleading look(懇求的眼神)。【例句】The child's pleading made his mother change her mind.(孩子的懇求使他的母親改變了主意。)gear(n. 汽車排檔)【釋義】汽車或其他機械裝置中的排檔,用于控制速度和動力傳輸。例如:Put the car in gear and start driving.(把汽車掛上檔然后開始駕駛。)【詞源】源自古英語“gēr”,表示裝備、器具,在汽車領(lǐng)域指用于變速的排檔裝置。【短語】shift gears(換擋);high - gear(高檔位);low - gear(低檔位)。【例句】The mechanic checked the gears of the car.(機械師檢查了汽車的排檔。)astride(prep. 騎,跨)【釋義】表示跨在某物上,兩腿分開放在兩邊的姿勢。例如:The boy sat astride the horse.(男孩騎在馬上。)【詞源】由“a - ”(在…之上)+“stride”(大步走、跨步)構(gòu)成,表示跨在上面的姿勢。【短語】sit astride(跨坐)。【例句】He stood astride the log.(他跨站在原木上。)crack(n. 縫隙)【釋義】物體表面上的窄縫或裂口,通常是由于壓力、撞擊或老化等原因造成的。例如:There is a crack in the wall.(墻上有一條縫隙。)【詞源】源自古英語“cracian”,表示發(fā)出破裂聲,名詞形式表示破裂后形成的縫隙。【短語】a hair - line crack(發(fā)絲般的裂縫);crack in the ice(冰上的裂縫)。【例句】The glass has a crack in it.(玻璃上有一條裂縫。)zigzag(n. “之”字形)【釋義】一種呈連續(xù)的之字形的形狀或線條,有許多短的、交替方向的轉(zhuǎn)折。例如:The path followed a zigzag course up the hill.(小路呈之字形蜿蜒上山。)【詞源】可能是模仿之字形的形狀而創(chuàng)造的詞,由兩個相似的部分“zig”和“zag”組成。【短語】zigzag pattern(之字形圖案);zigzag line(之字線)。【例句】The lightning bolt had a zigzag shape.(閃電有一個之字形的形狀。)shallow(adj. 淺的)【釋義】形容深度較淺的,可用于描述水、容器、思想等方面缺乏深度的情況。例如:The shallow water was warm.(淺水是溫暖的。)【詞源】源自古英語“sceald”,表示淺的,與深度相關(guān)的概念。【短語】shallow pool(淺水池);shallow understanding(膚淺的理解)。【例句】His shallow knowledge of the subject was obvious.(他對這個學(xué)科膚淺的知識是顯而易見的。)grind (ground, ground) v. 磨擦【釋義】通過摩擦使物體表面磨損、粉碎或變平滑;也可表示艱難地移動或持續(xù)努力地做某事(如grind away)。例如:The miller grinds wheat into flour.(磨坊主把小麥磨成面粉。)【詞源】源自古英語“grindan”,表示研磨、摩擦的動作。【短語】grind to a halt(慢慢停下來);grind out(費力地做出;生拼硬湊地寫出)。【例句】The gears grind when the car is in reverse.(汽車倒車時齒輪會摩擦。)halt(n. 停)【釋義】表示停止、停頓的狀態(tài)或動作。例如:The train came to a sudden halt.(火車突然停了下來。)【詞源】源自古英語“healdan”,表示持有、保持,在這里表示保持停止的狀態(tài)。【短語】come to a halt(停止);bring to a halt(使停止)。【例句】The traffic came to a halt because of the accident.(由于事故,交通停止了。)dashboard(n. (汽車上的)儀表盤)【釋義】汽車駕駛室內(nèi)位于駕駛員前方的面板,上面有各種儀表、指示燈等,用于顯示車輛的運行狀態(tài)和相關(guān)信息。例如:The speedometer on the dashboard showed that he was driving too fast.(儀表盤上的速度表顯示他開得太快了。)【詞源】“dash”表示猛沖、沖擊,“board”表示板,最初可能是指防止泥水等濺到駕駛員身上的一塊板,后來演變成了帶有各種儀表的儀表盤。【短語】dashboard lights(儀表盤燈);clean the dashboard(清潔儀表盤)。【例句】She noticed a warning light on the dashboard.(她注意到儀表盤上有一個警示燈。)二、課文精講1.The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from.穿越平原的道路高低不平,開車走了不遠,路面愈加崎嶇。我們想勸說布魯斯把車開回我們出發(fā)的那個村莊去。 so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so bad說明原因是“路太崎嶇”,that引出結(jié)果“勸他返回”。 Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed.盡管路面布滿石頭,坑坑洼洼,但布魯斯卻一點兒不慌亂。 even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,往往先提出一個不利條件,而后經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)機。 Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away.他瞥了一眼地圖,告訴我們前面再走不到20英里就是一個村莊。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語glancing at his map作時間狀語。That引導(dǎo)賓語從句,交代infrom的內(nèi)容。 It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties.這并不是說布魯斯總是低估困難。 that引導(dǎo)表語從句。 underestimated difficulty的意思是“低估困難”。 He simply had no sense of danger at all.而是他壓根兒沒有一點兒危險感。 simply和at all起強調(diào)作用。 have no sense of…的意思是“沒有…的感覺”。No matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.他認為不管路面情況如何,車必須以最高速度前進。 that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,交代believed的內(nèi)容。 as fast as it could possibly go的意思是“以最快的速度向前”。 As we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.我們在塵士飛揚的道路上顛簸,車子?xùn)|拐西彎,以躲開那些大圓石。 as在此不是引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,而是引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,可以解釋為“一邊…一邊…”。to avoid large boulders為動詞不定式短語,作目的狀語。 8.The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car.車輪攪起的石塊錘擊車身,發(fā)出不祥的錘擊聲。 which引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾stones。 scoope up的意思是“鏟起,卷起”。 We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine.我們想念遲早會飛起一個石塊把油箱砸開一個窟窿,或者把發(fā)動機砸壞。 that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,交代felt sure的內(nèi)容。 rip的本意是“撕開”,在此引申為“砸開”。 Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.因此,我們不時地掉過頭,懷疑車后是否留下了機油和汽油的痕跡。 wondering if…是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu),作伴隨狀語,其中的if引導(dǎo)賓語從句,說明wondering的內(nèi)容。 keep looking back的意思是“不斷地向后看”。 What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.突然大石塊不見了,前面是一片平地,唯一的障礙只有一簇簇灌木叢。這使我們長長地松了口氣。 give way to的意思是“給…讓路”。 12.But there was worse to come.但是更糟糕的事情在等著我們。 worse指代“更糟糕的事情”。To come為動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu),充當worse的后置定語。 13.Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure.離我們不遠處,出現(xiàn)一個大裂縫。 just ahead of us充當?shù)攸c狀語。 In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped.我們再次央求布魯斯小心,他這才把車停了下來。 in response to renewed pleadings作原因狀語,說明“由于…才停車”。 Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car.我們紛紛下車察看那個大裂縫,他卻呆在車上。 though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,說明“他對此事的態(tài)度”。 We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four feet deep.我們告訴他那個大裂縫長50碼,寬2英尺,深4英尺。 that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,是直接賓語,交代informed的內(nèi)容,him是間接賓語。 17.Even this had no effect.這也沒有對他產(chǎn)生任何影響。 this指代上句所說的大裂縫的情況。 Bruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zig-zag course.布魯斯掛上慢檔,把兩只前輪分別擱在裂縫的兩邊,順著彎彎曲曲的裂縫,以發(fā)瘋的速度向前開去。 go into gear的意思是“掛檔”。現(xiàn)在分詞短語keeping…作伴隨狀語。As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 19.Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. 我們還未來得及擔心后果,車已重新開上了平地。 before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句中還包含一個賓語從句what might happen,交代worry的內(nèi)容。 Bruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away.布魯斯又看了一眼地圖,告訴我們那座村莊離我們只有15英里了。 that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,說明told的內(nèi)容。 Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across.下一個障礙是一片約半英里寬的淺水塘。 about half a mile across為介詞短語,作后置定語,說明淺水塘的情況。 Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.布魯斯向水塘沖去,但車開到水塘當中,嘎吱一聲停住了。 but in the middle作插入語。 A yellow light on the dash- board flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!儀表盤一盞黃燈閃著刺眼的光芒,布魯斯興致勃勃地宣布發(fā)動機里沒油了! angrily本意是“生氣地”,在此不可譯作“儀表盤生氣地閃著燈”,而應(yīng)引申為“刺眼地閃爍著”。That引導(dǎo)賓語從句,交代announced的內(nèi)容。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預(yù)覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫