資源簡介 新概念第三冊Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express單詞精講express n.快車;adj.高速的 punctual adj. 準時的 condition v.使習慣于【釋義】作名詞時,表示一種快速行駛、中途??空据^少的火車、公共汽車等交通工具。例如:I took the express to Paris.(我乘坐快車去巴黎。)作形容詞時,意為快速的、高速的,用于形容速度快的事物或動作,如:express delivery(快遞)。【詞源】源自拉丁語“expressus”,是“exprimere”(擠出、壓出;表達)的過去分詞,原義與“擠出”有關,后引申出快速的含義,可能是因為快速擠出或傳達某種東西的概念。【短語】express train(快車);express highway(高速公路);express oneself(表達自己的想法、情感等)。【例句】The express from London to Edinburgh is very convenient.(從倫敦到愛丁堡的快車非常方便。)punctual(adj. 準時的)【釋義】按照約定或規定的時間到達或發生的,不早也不晚。例如:He is always punctual for meetings.(他開會總是很準時。)【詞源】來自拉丁語“punctus”(點、尖端),與“puncture”(刺穿、小孔)同源,其含義發展為在準確的點(時間點)上,即準時。【短語】be punctual for(在…方面準時)。【例句】A punctual student will never be late for class.(一個守時的學生上課永遠不會遲到。)condition(v. 使習慣于)【釋義】通過訓練、影響等方式使某人或某物適應某種特殊的情況或環境。例如:You need to condition yourself to the cold weather.(你需要使自己適應寒冷的天氣。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“condicio”,原義為“協議、狀況”,通過將某人置于某種狀況下而使其習慣,從而有了現在的動詞含義。【短語】condition sb. to sth.(使某人適應某事)。【例句】The athlete conditioned himself to the high - altitude environment.(這位運動員使自己適應了高海拔環境。)unshakable(adj. 不可動搖的)【釋義】形容信念、決心等非常堅定,不容易被改變或影響。例如:He has an unshakable belief in his own ability.(他對自己的能力有著不可動搖的信念。)【詞源】由“un - ”(不、非)+“shakable”(可動搖的,shake的形容詞形式)構成。【短語】unshakable faith(不可動搖的信仰);unshakable determination(不可動搖的決心)。【例句】Her unshakable confidence impressed everyone.(她不可動搖的信心給每個人都留下了深刻印象。)faith(n. 信任)【釋義】對某人或某事的強烈信任、信念或信心;也可指宗教信仰。例如:I have faith in his honesty.(我相信他的誠實。)【詞源】來自古法語“feid”,源自拉丁語“fides”,表示信任、忠誠等含義。【短語】lose faith(失去信心);keep faith(守信;保持信念);blind faith(盲目信仰)。【例句】His actions made me lose my faith in him.(他的行為讓我對他失去了信任。)cancel(v. 取消)【釋義】決定終止已經安排好的計劃、活動、訂單等。例如:They decided to cancel the party.(他們決定取消聚會。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“cancellare”,原義為“劃掉、刪去”,后引申為取消已經安排的事情。【短語】cancel out(抵消;對消);cancel a reservation(取消預訂)。【例句】The bad weather forced us to cancel our trip.(惡劣的天氣迫使我們取消旅行。)exceptionally(adv. 例外地)【釋義】用于表示與通常情況不同,以一種特殊、不尋常的方式。例如:He is exceptionally good at math.(他在數學方面格外擅長。)【詞源】由“exceptional”(例外的、異常的)+“ - ly”(副詞后綴)構成,“exceptional”源自拉丁語“exceptio”(例外)。【短語】none exceptionally(不特別地)。【例句】Exceptionally, this year's winter is much warmer.(例外地,今年的冬天暖和得多。)dislocate(v. 打亂(計劃等))【釋義】使(事物、計劃等)離開原來的位置或正常的狀態,造成混亂或無序。例如:The accident dislocated all our travel plans.(這次事故打亂了我們所有的旅行計劃。)【詞源】由“dis - ”(分開、離開)+“locate”(位于、定位)構成,字面意思是使離開原來的位置。【短語】dislocate a joint(使關節脫位);dislocate the economy(擾亂經濟)。【例句】The power outage dislocated the work schedule in the factory.(停電打亂了工廠的工作時間表。)blame(v. 責怪)【釋義】認為某人應對錯誤、壞事或不理想的情況負責。例如:Don't blame me for your mistakes.(不要把你的錯誤歸咎于我。)【詞源】來自古法語“blasmer”,源自拉丁語“blasphemare”(褻瀆、辱罵),最初有辱罵、責備的含義,后主要表示責怪。【短語】be to blame(應受責備);blame sb. for sth.(因某事責怪某人)。【例句】Everyone blames him for the failure of the project.(每個人都因為項目的失敗而責怪他。)consult(v. 請教,查閱)【釋義】向某人尋求信息、建議或意見;查看書籍、資料等以獲取信息。例如:I often consult my teacher when I have problems.(當我有問題時,我經常請教我的老師。)也可表示商量、商議,如:They consulted together about the plan.(他們一起商量這個計劃。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“consultare”,是“consulere”(商議、考慮)的反復形式。【短語】consult with(與…商量;與…協商);consult a dictionary(查閱字典)。【例句】Before making a decision, you should consult your parents.(在做決定之前,你應該咨詢你的父母。)direct(adv. 徑直地)【釋義】表示以直線的方式、不繞道地進行某個動作或前往某個地方。例如:Go direct to the station.(徑直去車站。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“directus”,是“dirigere”(引導、指揮)的過去分詞,有直接引導的含義,引申為徑直地。【短語】direct flight(直飛航班);direct speech(直接引語)。【例句】He walked direct to the exit without looking back.(他頭也不回地徑直走向出口。)odd(adj. 奇怪的,異常的)【釋義】形容事物與平?;蝾A期的不同,不尋常、奇特的;也可表示奇數的(數學概念)。例如:He has some odd habits.(他有一些奇怪的習慣。)【詞源】來自古諾斯語“oddi”,原義為三角形的頂點、角等,由于三角形頂點的獨特性,引申出奇怪、異常的含義,在數學上也表示奇數。【短語】odd number(奇數);odd job(零工、臨時工作);odd - looking(看起來奇怪的)。【例句】It is odd that he didn't come to the party.(很奇怪他沒有來參加聚會。)reflect(v. 細想)【釋義】認真思考某事,仔細考慮;也可表示反映、反射(光、熱、聲音等)等其他含義。例如:You should reflect on your behavior.(你應該反省自己的行為。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“reflectere”,由“re - ”(回)+“flectere”(彎曲)構成,原義為折回,引申為思考時將思緒折回,即細想。【短語】reflect on / upon(思考;反?。?;reflect light(反射光線)。【例句】She often reflects on her past experiences.(她經常反思自己過去的經歷。)advantage(n. 優勢)【釋義】使某人或某物處于比其他人或物更有利的地位或狀況的因素。例如:His height gives him an advantage in basketball.(他的身高在籃球方面給他一個優勢。)【詞源】源自古法語“avantage”,來自拉丁語“abantaticum”,原義為“在前面、領先”,表示領先的因素即優勢。【短語】take advantage of(利用);have an advantage over(優于;比…有優勢)。【例句】The company took advantage of the new technology to improve its products.(這家公司利用新技術來改進其產品。)mighty(adj. 強大的,有力的)【釋義】形容力量非常大的,有威力的。例如:A mighty wind blew the roof off the house.(一陣強風把房子的屋頂吹掉了。)【詞源】源自古英語“mihtig”,“miht”(力量)+“ - ig”(形容詞后綴),表示充滿力量的。【短語】high and mighty(趾高氣揚的;神氣活現的);mighty force(強大的力量)。【例句】The mighty army marched forward.(強大的軍隊向前行進。)dawdle(v. 慢吞吞地動或做)【釋義】行動緩慢、拖延時間,以一種懶散的方式做某事。例如:Don't dawdle on your way to school.(不要在上學路上磨磨蹭蹭的。)【詞源】可能是一個擬聲詞,模擬緩慢、拖沓的動作發出的聲音。【短語】dawdle away(虛度;混日子)。【例句】He dawdled over his homework and didn't finish it on time.(他磨磨蹭蹭地做家庭作業,沒有按時完成。)chug(v. 咔嚓咔嚓地響)【釋義】發出像火車或舊發動機那樣的有節奏的、低沉的、重復的聲音。例如:The old train chugged along the tracks.(舊火車沿著鐵軌咔嚓咔嚓地行駛。)【詞源】擬聲詞,模仿這種特殊聲音而產生的單詞。【短語】chug along(緩慢前行;咔嚓咔嚓地前進)。【例句】The boat chugged across the lake.(船咔嚓咔嚓地穿過湖泊。)lodge(v. 提出)【釋義】正式提出(請求、投訴、主張等)。例如:He lodged a complaint with the manager.(他向經理提出投訴。)【詞源】源自古法語“logier”,最初表示提供住宿,后引申出提出(把某事安置在某個地方,如把投訴安置在管理者那里,即提出投訴)的含義。【短語】lodge a claim(提出索賠要求);lodge an appeal(提出上訴)。【例句】They lodged a protest against the new policy.(他們對新政策提出抗議。)complaint(n. 抱怨)【釋義】表達對某事不滿的話語或情緒;也可指疾病等(較正式用法)。例如:I have a lot of complaints about the service here.(我對這里的服務有很多抱怨。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“complangere”,由“com - ”(一起)+“plangere”(捶胸、悲嘆)構成,原義為一起悲嘆,后表示抱怨。【短語】make a complaint(提出抱怨);lodge a complaint(投訴)。【例句】Her constant complaints made everyone uncomfortable.(她不斷的抱怨讓每個人都不舒服。)triumph(n. 勝利)【釋義】巨大的成功、勝利,尤指經過艱難困苦或競爭后取得的成功。例如:The team celebrated their triumph in the championship.(這個隊慶祝他們在錦標賽中的勝利。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“triumphus”,原指古羅馬慶祝勝利的凱旋儀式,后表示勝利本身。【短語】in triumph(勝利地;洋洋得意地);triumph over(戰勝;擊?。?。【例句】He achieved a great triumph in his career.(他在職業生涯中取得了巨大的勝利。)asterisk(n. 星號(*))【釋義】一種書寫或印刷符號(*),常用于表示注釋、特殊強調等。例如:There is an asterisk next to the important item.(重要項目旁邊有一個星號。)【詞源】源自希臘語“asteriskos”,“aster”(星)+“ - iskos”(小的后綴),表示小星星,即星號。【短語】asterisked note(帶星號的注釋)。【例句】Please pay attention to the asterisked items in the list.(請注意清單中帶星號的項目。)conduct(v. 引向,引導)【釋義】帶領、引導某人或某物到某個地方;也可表示指揮(音樂、交通等)、表現等含義。例如:The waitress conducted us to our table.(女服務員把我們領到我們的桌子旁。)【詞源】源自拉丁語“conductus”,是“conducere”(引導、帶來)的過去分詞。【短語】conduct oneself(表現;為人);conduct an experiment(進行實驗)。【例句】The guide conducted the tourists around the city.(導游帶領游客在城市里游覽。)二、課文精講1.We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.我們已經習慣于相信火車總是準點的。 that引導賓語從句,說明expect的內容。2.After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.經過多年的適應,大多數人對火車時刻表產生了一種不可動搖的信念。 after years of conditioning放在句首,強調時間之長。 develop an unshakable faith in的意思是“對…形成了不可動搖的信念”。 condition表示“使習慣于”,我們常使用短語be conditioned to(習慣…)3.It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.因此,一旦鐵路上真出了問題,人們便不加思索地責備鐵路當局。 it是形式主語,真正的主語是to blame the railway authorities。4.The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs. 事實上,差錯很可能是我們自己,而不是鐵路當局的。 that引導表語從句,交代truth是什么。 be likely to do sth.的意思是“很可能做某事”。 they 指mistakes; ours, theirs此處用斜體字表示強調,應該重讀。5.After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.我查看了列車時刻表,滿意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海溫的快車。這又是一個“after+現在分詞短語”結構的省略式的時間狀語從句。That引導賓語從句,交代noted的內容。6.It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes.這是趟直達車,旅途總共才需1小時17分鐘。 it指代上一句中的express train。 last本意是“持續”,在此引申為“乘火車旅行所需的時間是…”7.When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well.上車后,我不禁注意到許多當地人也上了車。when引導時間狀語從句,交代上車后發生的事情。That引導賓語從句,說明noticing的內容。board the train的意思是“登山火車”。cannot help doing sth.的意思是“情不自禁的做某事”。At the time, this did not strike me as odd.一開始,我并不感到奇怪。at the time在此處相當于at the beginning。strike sb.as的意思是“給某人以…印象”。9. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.我想除我之外,想利用快車之便的也一定大有人在。that引導賓語從句,交代reflected的內容。Who引導定語從句,修飾people。10.Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.火車開出幾英里即在一個小站威德里停了下來。對此,我不覺得奇怪。neither放在句首,句子要部分倒裝,故neither后面寫作was I surprised。a tiny station a few miles along the line是Widley的同位語,起解釋說明的作用。11.Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals.因為即便是特別快車也可能被信號攔住。can be held up by signals是典型的被動語態的用法。But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder.但是,當火車一站接著一站往前蠕動時,我便產生了懷疑。dawdle一詞在此的用法是夸張修辭格。station after station的意思是“一站又一站”。But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.我突然感到這趟快車并沒以時速90英里的速度呼嘯前進,而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行,時速僅30英里。it指代火車開得慢的事實。Not…but…的意思是“不是…而是…”。14.One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance.1小時17分過去了,走了還不到一半路程。 passed and…(時間過去多久之后發生了…)是個強調時間的用法。15.I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it.我問一位乘客,這是不是開往威斯特海溫的那趟快車,他說從未聽說過有這么一趟快車。if引導賓語從句,交代asked的內容?!?br/> 16.I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived.我決定到目的地就給鐵路部門提意見。as soon as引導時間狀語從句。lodge a complaint的意思是“提意見,投訴”?!?br/>17. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven.兩小時后,我氣呼呼地同威斯特海溫站站長說起此事。talk to sb.的意思是“和某人談論”。18. When he denied the train's existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable.他說根本沒有這趟車。于是我借他本人的列車時刻表。 when引導時間狀語從句,交代前后兩個動作的順序。copy的意思是“副本,復印件”。19. There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.我帶著一種勝利者的調子告訴他那趟車白紙黑字。明明白白印在時刻表上。 that引導的賓語從句說明told的內容,是直接賓語,him是間接賓語。black and white的意思是“白紙黑字”,形容十分清楚。Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again.他迅速地掃視了一眼,讓我再看一遍。glancing at it briefly為現在分詞短語,作時間狀語。21 A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page.一個小小的星形符號把我的目光引到了那頁底部一個說明上。conduct sb.to的意思是“指引某人(做某事)”。22. It said:This service has been suspended.上面寫著:“此趟列車暫停運行。” it said不可譯為“它說”,而是“上面寫道”。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫