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LOOK UP,
——高考英語說明文閱讀理解解題策略
STRIKE DOWN
考綱解讀：
閱讀理解作為考查閱讀與理解能力的試題，已成為歷年高考英語試卷中必不可少的部分。閱讀理解能力屬于語言的領(lǐng)會(huì)能力，包括對書面語言的識(shí)別、理解、推理、判斷和快速記憶等幾個(gè)方面。不僅僅涉及到語音、語法、詞匯這些語言因素，還涉及到非語言因素，即：閱讀者對所學(xué)語言國家的社會(huì)和文化背景知識(shí)的掌握、對所讀材料內(nèi)容的熟悉、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、生活常識(shí)、邏輯知識(shí)和語言修養(yǎng)等各方面。近幾年英語閱讀理解在高考中的比值有所增長。
新聞 ，廣告，產(chǎn)品說明
分享經(jīng)歷，敘述一件事情，或表達(dá)情感
論述一個(gè)道理或表達(dá)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)
閱讀理解的體裁
說明某個(gè)事物，現(xiàn)象等（可能會(huì)呼吁或倡導(dǎo)）
文首：導(dǎo)語提攜全文
文末：記敘文六要素
文首：總-分-總
論點(diǎn)-論據(jù)-結(jié)論
文本
各體裁主題句分布
1.找主題句：首-中-尾
2.沒有主題句：找反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞
What to read
1.Various writing styles(體裁豐富)：Narration(記敘文)、Exposition(說明文)、Pratical writing(應(yīng)用文)、Argumentation(議論文)and News Report(新聞報(bào)道)、Ad(廣告)、Notice(通知)、Instructions(操作說明)、Chart(表格) and so on.
2. Colourful themes(題材廣泛)：humans and self(人與自我), humans and sociaty(人與社會(huì)), humans and nature(人與自然).
Why to read
3.Abilities: To develop language abilities、culture awareness(文化意識(shí)）、thinking qualities（思維品質(zhì)） and learning abilities.
While reading
1.Skim：general understanding(整體把握）,underline the key sentences about the main ideas.
2.Read carefully：read for details（細(xì)節(jié)）,judgement and inference（推理和判斷） ,underline the key sentences.
3.Read deeply：read for the writer’s purpose, the meaning of the words, a person’s personality.
After reading
1.Read again：go through the passage，check the answers.
注意：克服定勢思維和功能固著，切莫先入為主，一切以作者的寫作意圖和所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)為準(zhǔn)。
How to develop the abilities
Details (細(xì)節(jié)理解題)
The meaning of the word(詞義猜測題)
Judgement and inference(推理判斷題)
The main idea(主旨要義題)
Details (細(xì)節(jié)理解題)
The meaning of the word(詞義猜測題)
Judgement and inference(推理判斷題)
The main idea(主旨要義題)
How to develop the abilities
Identify the structure of the passage by summarizing the main idea of each paragraph.
By the end of the class, we will be able to:
Learning Objectives
Look up
Strike down
Identify the logic traps, including: ...
Exposition:
To introduce, explain, and describe sth.
？
Look up
Look up
C
Exams cause a lot of worry: the silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the confident expression of the student who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not. What is, perhaps, unexpected, according to research published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of revision.
Dr. Theobald theorised if anxiety was truly intervening(干預(yù)) a student’s ability to transfer known information from brain to paper, then those with high levels of it would perform worse in a real exam than in a mock(模擬) or during online practice sessions.
She therefore invited 309 German medical students to participate in a test which consisted of 230 questions. During the 100 days before the actual papers, volunteers used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock examination, clearly presented to them as such, 40 days before the real exam. To assess their levels of anxiety, they were asked, every day for 40 days in the run-up to the real exam and also on the test day, to respond on a five-point scale to statements like, “I feel tense and nervous.”
Dr. Theobald found that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What it did predict was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the digital-learning activities. What actually hampered students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to recall during the exam itself.
Subject:__________
an abstract theory
anxiety in exams
How’s the subject introduced
By presenting research results
Look up
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座機(jī))
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(調(diào)查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
Subject:__________
landline use in Australia
an abstract phenomenon
By raising a question
Subject:__________
a specific object
a smart keyboard
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物測量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(裝置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
By presenting research results
Exposition:
To introduce, explain, and describe sth.
？
Look up
an abstract theory/phenomenon
a specific object
Subjects:
Step 1: Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座機(jī))
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(調(diào)查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素) -only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
Look up
Topic sentence
Subject
Linking words
Transitional sentence
Key words
Look up
Step 2: Summarize the structure of the passage.
Para ( ): ____________
Subject: Landline use in Australia
Para ( ): ____________
Para ( ): ____________
Para ( ): ____________
1-2
3
6
4-5
Background
Survey results
Reasons
Attitude/Prospect(前景)
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
25. What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
Step 3: Match the questions with the structure.
Step 4: Application
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物測量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(裝置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word " touch " four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
Look up
Topic sentence
Subject
Series of verbs
Linking words
Look up
Application: Summarize the structure of the passage.
Para ( ): ____________
Subject: A smart keyboard
Para ( ): ____________
Para ( ): ____________
1
2-3
4
Background
Principle
Study and Prospect
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
31. Where is this text most likely from
Strike down
Identify the logic traps in each question.
①Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. (Para. 1)
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
②When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(棲息地).(Para. 1)
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
Logic trap: ____________
Logic trap: ____________
過度引申
以偏概全
擴(kuò)縮范圍
Strike down
Identify the logic traps in each question.
③And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. (Para. 1)
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
④But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. (Para. 5)
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
Logic trap: ____________
斷章取義
Logic trap: ____________
偷梁換柱
Strike down
Identify the logic traps in each question.
⑤An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. (Para. 5)
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from.
B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
Logic trap: ____________
先入為主
Summary：
Logic traps
擴(kuò)縮范圍
(過度引申、以偏概全）
斷章取義
偷梁換柱
先入為主
Summary
Look up
Strike down
Step 1: Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Step 2: Summarize the structure of the passage.
Step 3: Match the questions with the structure.
Logic traps
擴(kuò)縮范圍
斷章取義
偷梁換柱
先入為主
Homework
Apply what we have learned today to check the answers of 5 passages.
thanks!

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