資源簡介 【高三英語】閱讀中的常見詞匯妙招1 依據前后綴歸類記單詞[前綴——置于詞根之前并改變原詞義的構詞成分] 1.否定前綴[un ]uneasy心神不安的 unfortunately不幸地unhealthy不健康的 unnecessary不必要的unwise不明智的 ①I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.面對這么多陌生人,我感覺很不自在。②Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country.不幸的是,干旱的災難性影響遍及全國各地。③Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.雖然麻雀數量沒有減少的跡象,但食物鏈還是總體處于不健康的狀態。[non ]nonprofit非營利性的 nonliving無生命的nonserious不要緊的 nonverbal非言辭的 ①An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.生態系統包括同一地區內相互影響的生物和非生物。②In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation”.事實上,關于幽默感的最好的定義之一就是“能看到情況還沒那么糟糕的能力”。[im (in , ir )]impatience不耐煩 impossible不可能的improperly不適當地 impractical不現實的independence獨立 irregularly不規則地 ①A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.不了解數學就不可能深入研究物理。②Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.產品因使用不當而造成的損壞,第一年可享受免費維修。[dis ]distrust不信任 disability殘疾discourage使氣餒 disappointed失望的disagree不同意 disuse廢棄 ①The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was related to a greater risk of disability.研究人員說不健康的生活方式與致殘風險增加有關。②Do not let any failures discourage you.別讓任何失敗使你一蹶不振。③They made some experiments in a house disused for years.他們在一間廢棄多年的屋子里做了一些實驗。2.錯誤前綴[mis ]misunderstand誤解 mistake錯誤miscalculate誤算;對……判斷錯誤misconception誤解,錯覺 ①If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times.如果我沒算錯的話,總共有3次。②There are some common misconceptions about the American family values.關于美國的家庭價值觀,存在一些常見的錯誤觀念。③Misunderstanding often leads to big mistakes.誤解常會導致大錯誤。3.方位前綴[super (也可表示程度)]superhero超級英雄 superiority優越;優等superman超人 supermarket超市superstar巨星;超級明星 superstore大型超市 ①They should focus on the superiority of products.他們應該關注產品的優勢。②Supermarkets make our life more convenient.超市讓我們的生活更便利。③Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.超級巨星們不能隨意行動,因為他們不能不擔心那些裝備了高級相機的攝影師們。[sub ]suburb郊區 subway地鐵 substitute代替 ①Four new subway lines have been built in our city.我們這個城市已經修建了四條新的地鐵線路。②The baby monkeys picked the soft mother substitutes as their favourites.猴寶寶們挑了手感柔軟的母親替代物作為它們的最愛。[over ]overestimate高估 overreact反應過度overuse過度使用 overcrowded過度擁擠的 ①He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his.對那些反對他想法的不同觀點,他忍不住反應過度了。②Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of medicine.健康的生活方式也意味著避免用藥過量。③It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city.人們期望它一天能夠承載20 000輛卡車和汽車,這樣就可以大大緩解市中心的交通過度擁擠問題。[trans ]transfer轉移;轉乘 transport運輸translate翻譯 transform轉換;改變transplant移植 ①One way ticket allows you to reach your destination, including transfers within 2 hours.憑單程票可達目的地,兩小時之內換乘有效。②Transport routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.可從游客中心那里獲取交通路線、時刻表以及車票費用的信息。[后綴——置于詞根尾部,主要用于改變單詞的詞性,偶爾用于改變詞義] 1.名詞后綴?動作執行者[ er ( or, ar)]farmer農場主;農民 owner物主administrator管理者 author作者 mayor市長 ①The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years.領導告訴我們在工作的前5年每年可享受10天的帶薪假期。②The author said something unfair about doctors in his book.作者在他的書中針對醫生說了些有失公允的話。[ ant]applicant申請人 assistant助理 ①In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.為了得到好的工作崗位,許多求職者涌入了招聘市場。②I intend to take a part time job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼職當助教。[ ist]dentist牙醫 scientist科學家specialist專家 tourist旅行者 ①It's ten years since the scientist set out on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical element.從這名科學家開始致力于發現這個重要的化學元素到現在,已經過去10年了。②Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.與那些旅游公司相比,他們的需求和問題更為重要。?跟動作狀態有關的名詞性后綴[ ion]action行動 attraction吸引,吸引力reaction反應 satisfaction滿意 ①Actions speak louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。(行動勝于言辭。)②Due to the strong attraction of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves.由于電子產品的強大吸引力,我們更不獨立自主了。③The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear.該項研究測試了20名健康的志愿者對于恐懼的反應。[ ment]amazement驚奇 appointment約會;任命development發展 improvement改進,改善judgment判斷 treatment治療,對待government政府 unemployment失業 ①She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mother's.她驚訝地注意到她的生活簡直就是她母親生活的翻版。②He was satisfied with the improvement of our services.他對我們服務質量的改進感到滿意。③A judgment must be made free from prejudice.做出的判斷應不受偏見的影響。④Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from the government.每個公民都將有權享受政府提供的免費醫療待遇。[ ing]hearing聽力 living生活方式,生計saying說話;諺語 training訓練writing書法①“You can't judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.正如老話所說:“不能憑封面來判斷一本書的好壞。”②Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively.良好的公開演講訓練有助于更有效地提高你的表達能力。[ ence]confidence信心,信任 convenience方便difference不同,差異 evidence證據 silence沉默,無言①In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.就便捷性而言,與美術館相比,博物館有更多優勢。②There is usually a difference between one's dream and reality.一個人的夢想與現實之間通常會有差距。③I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book in sweet silence.我把車停在湖邊,在美好的靜默中享受閱讀。[ ure]creature生物,動物 failure失敗 pressure壓力pleasure愉快,樂趣 structure結構,體系 ①By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creature's life.通過飼養寵物,孩子們將有機會承擔照顧其他生命的責任。②He took great pleasure in biking.他從騎車中獲得了很多樂趣。③It's useful to know something about human body structure.對人體構造有所了解還是有用的。[ ness]awareness意識,察覺 business生意,業務carelessness粗心大意 uneasiness不安 ①With self awareness and self control, it is possible to change our bad habits.憑借自我意識和自控能力,改變自身的不良習慣是可能的。②I often make mistakes with carelessness.我經常會因粗心大意而犯錯。③I tried to put aside my uneasiness and go back to work.我盡量克服自己不安的感覺,重新開始工作。[ ity]activity活動 curiosity好奇心reality現實 equality平等quality質量,品質 popularity普及,流行,受歡迎 ①Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.人類活動不應為所有水資源的短缺承擔責任。②In reality, equality is not given but gained.在現實中,平等不是被動給予的,而是主動爭取來的。③Jane's popularity is rooted in her intelligent writing.簡之所以受歡迎,根源在于她作品中的智慧。[ ery]delivery傳送,分娩 discovery發現robbery搶劫 scenery風景,景色 ①The discovery of the gold coins in his suitcase is the reason for their attempted robbery.在他行李箱里發現的金幣是他們企圖搶劫的原因。②We went to enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful scenery at the seaside.我們來到海邊享受新鮮空氣和美麗景色。?其他常用的名詞后綴[ ship]hardship艱難 friendship友誼 relationship關系,聯系①Not until he went through real hardships did he realize the importance of friendship.直到他經歷了千辛萬苦之后,才明白了友誼的重要性。②No one is willing to keep a good relationship with ill tempered people.沒人愿意和脾氣差的人保持良好關系。[ ology]apology道歉;歉意 biology生物學psychology心理學 technology科技,工藝學 ①She could not make her decision to choose biology as her major.選擇生物學作為專業,她下不了這個決心。②There are some problems psychology doesn't have the answer to.有些問題心理學也沒法回答。[ ism]criticism批評 pessimism悲觀,悲觀主義mechanism機件,機制 optimism樂觀,樂觀主義racism種族主義 tourism旅游業,觀光業 ①Recent criticism of the movie arose partly from its pessimism.最近對于這部電影的批評部分源自于電影里的悲觀主義。②The researchers have found an important mechanism by which the brain works.研究人員已經發現了一種大腦運作的重要機制。③The sudden growth of tourism has brought many benefits to the local economy.旅游業的突飛猛進已經給地方經濟帶來了許多好處。2.動詞后綴[ ify]identify鑒定;識別 simplify簡化justify替……辯護;證明……正當 ①He helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses.他幫助我認識到了自己的長處和短處。②While intelligent people can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.聰明的人可能常把復雜的問題簡單化,而愚蠢的人則更可能把簡單的問題復雜化。[ ize]apologize道歉 criticize批評organize組織,安排 realize意識到,實現recognize認出,承認 ①Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologize.很多時候,傷害你的人并不打算向你道歉。②He decided to organize a special concert.他決定組織一場特殊的音樂會。③One day, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.有朝一日,你會意識到并不是一切都可以用金錢來購買的。3.形容詞后綴?用以表示性質與特征的形容詞后綴[ ful]doubtful可疑的,不確定的 fearful可怕的grateful感激的,令人愉快的 harmful有害的meaningful有意義的,意味深長的 ①They want to find out how the brain responds to a fearful event.他們想搞清楚大腦對可怕的事件會如何作出反應。②He was grateful for his good health and good mood.他很感激自己身體健康、心情舒暢。③I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more meaningful things to do.我認為每天晚上看電視就是浪費時間——有許多更有意義的事情可做。[ ive]以 ive結尾的形容詞,表示具有某種傾向或特性。active活躍的;積極的 aggressive好斗的,有進取心的attractive有吸引力的 communicative健談的creative有創造性的 effective有效的,生效的expensive昂貴的 positive積極的,肯定的 ①Listening is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.聽力是一種鍛煉我們的注意力和努力程度的積極練習。②What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.這本書出色之處在于作者富有創意的想象力。③It would be more effective to give direct help to the homeless.給無家可歸者提供直接幫助會更有效。[ ous]出現在說明人或事物具有某種特質的形容詞里。anxious渴望的;憂慮的 curious好奇的dangerous危險的 famous著名的generous慷慨的 nervous神經的,焦慮的previous以前的,先前的 serious嚴重的,嚴肅的 ①Children are curious about the world by nature.孩子們天生對世界感到好奇。②He was glad that he was finally admitted into that famous university.他感到高興的是自己終于被那所著名大學錄取了。③A generous person is willing to offer help to those in need, without asking for any reward.慷慨大方的人不要任何回報,心甘情愿給那些需要幫助的人提供援助。[ able]與名詞結合構成的形容詞,用來描述人或物,具有很多原名詞表示的性質與特征。uncomfortable不舒服的 fashionable流行的,時髦的honorable光榮的,可敬的 unreasonable不合理的valuable貴重的,寶貴的 ①She is dressed in a fashionable business suit that fits her very much.她穿著一套時尚又非常合身的職業套裝。②Mark Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.馬克·吐溫的作品因荒謬的理由被查禁了。③The valuable possessions I have is the gold ring and the pearl necklace my mother left me.我擁有的值錢之物就是我媽媽留給我的金戒指和珍珠項鏈。[ able]與動詞結合構成的形容詞,用來表示事物具有原動詞動作和行為特征的屬性。admirable令人欽佩的 avoidable可避免的imaginable可想象的 suitable適宜的,合適的acceptable可接受的,受歡迎的 available可利用的;有空的renewable可更新的,可再生的 ①In fact, many traffic accidents caused by careless driving are avoidable.實際上,由于粗心駕駛導致的很多交通事故是可以避免的。②Tickets are available free of charge from the school.學校有免費票。③Scientists are searching renewable energy to replace coal and oil.科學家正在尋找可再生能源來代替煤和石油。?表示“沒有”或“缺乏”的概念的形容詞后綴[ less]與名詞結合構成形容詞,用來描述缺乏或不具備原詞表示的內容。該后綴不但可以改變詞性,還可以改變詞義。endless沒完沒了的 jobless失業的homeless無家可歸的 mindless不留神的,愚蠢的selfless無私的 tireless不知疲倦的wireless無線的 ①Over crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal to the tourists.過度擁擠的海灘、密集的旅館,已經開始喪失了對游客的吸引力。②My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.我那些沒經過大腦思考的話一定已經深深地傷害了他。③They once gave us so much selfless love.他們曾經給予了我們許多無私的關愛。?表示“與……有關的”形容詞后綴[ al ( ial, ical)]artificial人工的,虛假的 facial面部的financial金融的,財政的 historical與歷史有關的industrial工業的 magical魔術的,神奇的medical醫療的,醫學的 mental精神的,心理的national國家的 original原始的,原版的personal個人的,私人的 potential潛在的physical物質的,身體的 special特殊的social社會的 ①It is believed that one day artificial intelligence can beat us in playing chess.大家相信有一天人工智能會在下國際象棋方面戰勝人類。②For kids, gifts always have a magical power to make them happy.對于孩子而言,禮物總有能讓他們快樂的魔力。③Mental health can never be replaced by wealth.心理健康永遠也無法用財富來代替。④Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be well protected.許多國家正在建立國家公園,在那里動植物可以受到很好的保護。[ ic]allergic過敏的 basic基本的dramatic戲劇性的,引人注目的 optimistic樂觀的pessimistic悲觀的 specific明確的,特殊的 ①I parked my car and allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.我停下車,讓自己好好感受一下這風光秀麗的山谷美景。②After so many frustrations, he changed from an optimistic person to a pessimistic one.經歷了諸多挫折后,他從一個樂觀的人變成了一個悲觀的人。③That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.那就導致了專業化這個概念的產生,這意味著人們會專門研究或者關注某個特定的工作。4.副詞后綴[ ly]actually實際上 awfully非常地,極端地constantly不斷地,經常地 currently現在,通常directly直接地,立即 evidently明顯地,顯著地particularly特別地 rarely很少,難得extremely非常,極其 regularly有規律地,定期地tightly緊緊地,堅固地 ①I constantly say “don't worry about me, I'm fine”, but she never believes me.我一直說“別為我擔心,我一切都好”,但是她從未相信過我。②Evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.顯然,我的興奮之情真的溢于言表。③The text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seemed reasonable.這篇文章明顯忽略了這個事實:人類,尤其是青少年,好像很少有理智的。④The baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.小猴子會在四周活動,也會緊緊摟住它的母親。[ ward (s)]與表示方向的名詞或副詞結合構成新詞,表示人或物移動或面對的方向。afterward后來 backward向后,落后forward向前;將來 ①Afterward, she invited me to the one and only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory.后來,她邀請我去當地的唯一一家牛排屋慶祝她的勝利。②Looking backward, we can discover what is unique in us.回首往事,我們才會發現自己的獨特之處。③She pushed herself forward through the water.她在水里奮力往前游。通過以上內容,我們能認識到掌握一定數量的前綴、后綴的主要意義和用法,就能認識和掌握更多的詞匯,即使這些詞匯之前從未接觸過。觀察原詞的用法,通過將前綴或后綴的意義與原詞的意義疊加,就能推測出新詞的含義。如此舉一反三,詞匯量可以得到成倍的增長。妙招2 依據詞根聯想記單詞下面列舉了一些高考英語中常見的詞根,一旦掌握,就能成倍增加詞匯量,并能快速辨析詞義。1.ann年anniversary n. 周年紀念annual adj. 每年的2.art技巧article n. 物品;文章artificial adj. 人工的;虛假的3.audi聽audible adj. 聽得見的audience n. 聽眾4.ball舞,球balloon n. 氣球vi. 如氣球般膨脹ballroom n. 舞廳5.bas, base低下,基礎base adj. 低下的n. 基礎v. 以……為基礎baseball n. 棒球basement n. 地下室basic adj. 基礎的6.center, centr中心concentrate v. 集中n. 濃縮central adj. 中心的7.cide殺pesticide n. 殺蟲劑suicide n. 自殺8.circ, cycl圓,環,輪子bicycle n. 自行車circus n. 馬戲團;圓形廣場cycle n. 周期recycle v. 再循環;回收9.clar清楚,明白clarify v. 講清楚;澄清declare v. 表明;聲明10.clos, clud關閉close n. 關閉closet n. 壁櫥;密室conclude v. 得出結論;終結disclose v. 揭發;泄露enclose v. 包圍;圍繞include v. 包含11.cord心accord v. 一致;符合record n.&v. 記錄12.cre, creas增長,產生concrete adj. 具體的n. 混凝土creative adj. 有創造性的creature n. 生物;創造物decrease v. 減少increase v. 增加recreate v. 休養;再造recreation n. 娛樂;消遣13.duc, duct引導conduct n. 行為v. 指揮educate v. 教育;養育produce n. 農產品v. 生產product n. 產物;產品reduce v. 降低;減少14.fer帶,拿ferry n. 渡口;渡船offer n.&v. 提供;提出prefer v. 更喜歡refer v. 提到;指點suffer v. 受苦;經受transfer v. 轉移;轉乘15.fin結束,范圍finish v. 完成;結束final adj. 最終的n. 決賽16.flu流fluid n. 流體;液體fluent adj. 流利的influenza n. 流行性感冒(=flu)influence n.&v. 影響17.form形式,外形formal adj. 正式的;正規的inform v. 通知;告知reform n.&v. 改革;改造transform v. 轉換;改變18.grad步,走,級gradual adj. 逐步的graduate n. 畢業生v. 畢業upgrade v. 上升;升級19.lev舉,升elevator n. 電梯lever n. 杠桿20.lingu語言bilingual adj. 兩種語言的linguist n. 語言學家21.loc地方local n. (本)當地人adj. (本)當地的;局部的location n. 位置,方位22.manu手manual adj. 手的;用手的manuscript n. 手稿23.memor記憶,記住的memorial n. 紀念日;紀念物memory n. 記憶24.mob, mot, mov移動mobile adj. 活動的;移動的motion n. 運動movable adj. 可移動的25.pon, pos放置position n. 位置postpone v. 推遲26.popul人民population n. 人口popular adj. 流行的;大眾的27.prim第一,首要primary adj. 最初的primitive adj. 原始的28.sci知道science n. 科學conscious adj. 有知覺的29.sens, sent感覺sense n. 感覺sensitive adj. 敏感的sentiment n. 感情;情感30.spec看prospect n. 展望spectacle n. 場面;景象31.tail切,割retail n. 零售tailor n. 裁縫32.tain, ten, tin保持,握,容納contain v. 容納obtain v. 取得33.tend, tens, tent伸extend v. 伸開;擴展extensive adj. 廣闊的extent n. 程度;長度34.tract拖,拉,吸引attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有吸引力的contract v. 收縮n. 合同distract v. 分散注意力35.uni單獨,單一union n. 聯合;工會unite n. 統一;聯合36.vac, van空,空虛vacation n. 假期vacancy n. 空位,空缺vanity n. 虛榮心37.vid, vis看見evident adj. 明顯的visible adj. 可見的38.vit, viv生活,生存survive v. 幸存vital adj. 生死攸關的;至關重要的vitamin n. 維生素39.volv滾動involve v. 卷入revolve v. 旋轉40.wis, wit知道wisdom n. 智慧witness v. 目擊;見證 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫