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(共32張PPT)
Unit 1 Back to school
Grammar and usage
Applying the rules
Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Use the example below to help you.
Applying the rules
1. You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school.
2. (Your) schoolwork will be more challenging.
3. We will give you (more) independence.
4. You should listen [more carefully].
5. You can join a club.
6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways].
7. You will succeed!
Applying the rules
Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes.
a SV c SVO e SVOC g SVOA
b SVP d SVOO f SVA
Setting goals is the first step in achieving them. (1) The tips below may help you. ( )
Set goals that can be achieved. Don't push yourself to achieve more than what is possible. Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
c
Applying the rules
Break big goals down into small ones. When you do so, (2) they will seem easier to reach. ( ) You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal. (3) This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal. ( )
b
d
Applying the rules
Write your goals on paper. It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them. (4) You can place the list on your bedside table. ( ) Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
g
Applying the rules
After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (5) You may find achieving goals difficult. ( ) But (6) you should not give up. ( ) Instead, stay positive and confident. (7) You will succeed in the end. ( )
e
a
f
Applying the rules
What is your goal for the new term How are you going to achieve your goal Write about it using different sentence structures.
I will try to improve my English in the new term. There are a lot of things I need to do to achieve this goal. I will read two English novels this term. I will also try to find a language partner. Joining the English club will be helpful to me too. All my efforts will pay off!
Example
Applying the rules
Speaking in public confidently remains a challenge to me. I find it difficult to speak in public confidently. My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills. To achieve this goal, I will encourage myself to ask and answer more questions. Joining a club also seems a great idea. I think it can offer me a good opportunity to make new friends and acquire new skills. Besides, I will read a book on how to improve communication skills. Always try hard and I will succeed!
Sample
Grammar
1. 主語＋謂語（S+V）
句中謂語為不及物動詞，不能接賓語，但能表達完整的意義。
常見的不及物動詞(短語)有：rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, appear, work, take place等。
二、句子結構
Grammar
I agree.
Class begins.
They laughed.
The car stopped.
The door opened.
The car won't start.
The red sun is rising.
Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed.
Grammar
2. 主語＋系動詞＋表語（S+P）
句中動詞單獨作謂語時不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整意思。這類動詞叫作系動詞。
Grammar
常見的系動詞有：be, keep, remain, stay, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, become, go, come, turn, fall, seem, appear, hold, stand, prove, turn out等。
Grammar
Tom looks thin.
He became a singer.
Mary seems pleased.
The flowers smell sweet.
The baby fell asleep soon.
Some girls are very excited.
My father's hope is that I can go home frequently.
Grammar
3. 主語＋謂語＋賓語（S+V+O）
句中謂語為及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語動詞，都有實際意義，都是由主語產生的動作，但后面必須加一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能表達一個完整的意思。
Grammar
I like taking risks.
He lives a happy life.
My sister likes English.
My father teaches English.
They ate what was left over.
He admitted that he made a mistake.
The museum has an excellent restaurant.
We all know that the earth runs around the sun.
Grammar
4. 主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO）
句中謂語可以跟兩個賓語。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后；有時也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，此時間接賓語前需加介詞 for或to，構成“主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋to/for＋間接賓語”結構。
Grammar
間接賓語之前用介詞to的動詞有：give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, order等。
間接賓語之前用介詞for的動詞有：buy, fetch, save, choose, sing等。
Grammar
He gave me an apple.
＝He gave an apple to me.
Give me the book, please.
＝Give the book to me, please.
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
＝Setting goals gives a focus to you in life.
Grammar
Mr Smith lent me his car.　
＝Mr Smith lent his car to me.
He offered me his seat.
＝He offered his seat to me.
Father bought me a book.
＝Father bought a book for me.
She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
＝She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.
Grammar
5. 主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語（S+V+O+C）
句中謂語為及物動詞，有時只跟一個賓語不能表達完整的意思，需要用賓語補足語對賓語進行補充說明。賓語和賓語補足語合稱為復合賓語。
Grammar
常見的能跟復合賓語的動詞有：keep, make, let, have, leave, get, see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, observe, find, catch, look at, listen to, ask, tell, order, request, permit, persuade, elect, imagine, start, appoint, call, believe, allow, cause, consider, expect, know, think, want, wish等。
Grammar
如何判斷一個及物動詞所跟的是雙賓語還是復合賓語？
如果賓語與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關系，則該動詞接的是復合賓語，否則就是雙賓語。
Grammar
They made her happy.
They called him James.
Mom asked Tom to leave.
We will keep the table clean.
We consider the work challenging.
Setting goals makes you more confident.
She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
Grammar
6. 主語＋謂語＋狀語（S+V+A）
句中謂語為不及物動詞，后面需要跟狀語對謂語動詞進行補充說明或限定。
Grammar
They work hard.
Jim runs in the park.
John has gone to buy books.
The children stayed in room.
All the students are listening carefully.
When her mother came in, she was sleeping.
Robot cooks will appear in our families in the future．
Grammar
7. 主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（S+V+O+A）
句中謂語為及物動詞，只跟賓語時，句意不完整，需要跟狀語進行補充說明或限定。
Grammar
They put the dish here.
They want to go at once.
They know us very well.
We like the film very much.
They are reading books in the library.
The man raised his arms above his head.
We looked at the group of people in panic.
Jane was doing her homework at 8:00 last night.
Grammar
8. There be句型
“There be句型”表示“某處存在某物/某人”，因此被稱為存現句。其基本句型是“there＋be＋主語＋其他(狀語、定語等)”。
there be的主語是動詞后的名詞或名詞性短語，屬倒裝結構，be 動詞前有時可加上 seem to、appear to等。
Grammar
there在該結構中是個引導詞，本身無詞義，不可與副詞 there“那里”混淆。be動詞是謂語動詞，有時態變化，也可與情態動詞連用。be動詞在人稱和數上要和就近的主語保持一致，即主語是不可數名詞或單數可數名詞時用單數，主語為復數可數名詞時用復數。若be后有兩個或兩個以上的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常與鄰近的主語在數上保持一致。
Grammar
There is a book on the table.
There are some apples in the bowl.
There is a sports centre in our school.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
There seems to be something wrong about it.
There aren't some students in the dormitory now.
There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain.
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.
Thank you

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