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(共18張PPT)
名詞性從句
noun clauses
一、含義
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。名詞性從句作為一個整體，功能相當于一個名詞詞組。
作主語：主語從句
作賓語：賓語從句
（已學）
作表語：表語從句
作同位語：同位語從句
（已學）
二、功能及分類
That he has got the scholarship is true.
他得了獎學金是真的。
Mr Li said that the earth goes around the sun.
李老師說地球圍繞太陽轉。
My idea is that we should do it right away.
我的意見是馬上就做。
I got the impression that you are unhappy.
我有印象你不太愉快。
（一）語序：陳述語序
（二）時態一致：
（1）主句是一般現在時，從句時態不受限制
Tommy says he will win the game tomorrow.
Tommy says he won the game yesterday.
（2）主句是一般過去時，從句也是過去時的某種形態
Tommy said he watched the movie.
（3）客觀真理永一現： 從句為客觀真理、自然規律時，必須用一般現在時
The teacher told us (that) the earth goes around the sun.
三、要素
①There is no question that he will come. 從句成分完整
②I have a question whether he will come. Will he come Yes/No
③I have a question when he will come. When will he come
我們可以看出：上面三個句子中question后面都是同位語從句，都是說明question的內容的。
在句①中，同位語從句的原句是陳述句，由that引導;
在句②中，原句是一般疑問句，由whether引導;
在句③中，同位語從句的原句是特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞也起著連接作用。
其實，所有名詞性從句的連接詞都有上面的三種情況。
四、連詞
1. that：連接作用，無實際意義。
賓從中常省略，在主從、表從和同位語從句中，不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don't have enough money.
She expressed her hope that they would come to China one day.
（一）關系連詞（從屬連詞）：從句完整時
但在以下幾種情況賓從中that也不能省略：
A.當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略
He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand.
B.當兩個名詞性從句并列作賓語時，后面的that不能省
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
C.當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
（一）關系連詞（從屬連詞）：從句完整時
2. if/ whether：“是否”有實際意義
區別：
（1）if只用于賓從
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
（一）關系連詞（從屬連詞）：從句完整時
2. if/ whether：“是否”有實際意義
區別：
（2）只用whether不用if
A. 在賓從中作介詞賓語或后面直接跟or not時
It all depends on whether they will come back.
I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
B.whether可與動詞不定式連用
I have not decided whether to go or not.
（一）關系連詞（從屬連詞）：從句完整時
2. if/ whether：“是否”有實際意義
區別：
（2）只用whether不用if
C.whether常與or連用表示一種選擇
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
D.whether可引導一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”“無論”
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
E.discuss后通常用whether
（一）關系連詞（從屬連詞）：從句完整時
what(ever)：物（主賓表定）-(無論)什么
who(ever)：人（主賓表） -(無論)誰
whom(ever)：人（賓表） -(無論)誰
which(ever)：人/物（定） -(無論)哪個
whose：人/物（定） -誰的
（二）連接代詞：從句不完整時
作用：連接+從句的成分
when(ever)：時間-(無論)何時
where(ver)：地點-(無論)何地
how(ever)：方式-(無論)如何
why： 原因
（三）連接副詞：從句缺狀語時
作用：當狀語
名詞性從句-連詞
關系連詞 （從屬連詞） 連接代詞 連接副詞
從句完整 從句缺成分 從句缺狀語
that if/ whether what(ever)：物(主賓表定)-(無論)什么 who(ever)：人(主賓表)-(無論)誰 whom(ever)：人(賓表)-(無論)誰 which(ever)：人/物(定)-(無論)哪個 whose：人/物(定)-誰的 when(ever)：
時間-(無論)何時
where(ver)：
地點-(無論)何地
how(ever)：
方式-(無論)如何
why：原因
連接作用 無實際意義 是否 連接作用+充當從句的成分 當狀語
1.看從句是否缺成分，不缺成分：that, whether/ if
2.從句主干完整看是否缺狀語，
缺狀語，用連接副詞：when(ever), where(ver), how(ever),why
3.從句主干不完整，缺主賓表定，用提問的形式看填什么連接代詞：what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever), whose
五、判斷方法
1.(2021新高考I ,56) is so breathtaking about the the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2. (2020浙江,57) Over thousands of years, they began to depend less
on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.( 2020天津,15 ) The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said.
Practice
主從缺主語（事物）
賓從缺主語（事物）
賓從缺賓語（事物）
What
What
What
4.(2020 北京,3) Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them you can join in when it's possible.
5.(2019全國I ,61) While they are rare north of 88°.
there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
6.( 2019江蘇, 25 ) Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.
Practice
賓從“是否”
同位語從句，從句不缺成分
if/whether
that
同位語從句，從句不缺成分
that
7.(2018全國I,61)I'm not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
8.( 2018北京,15) This is my father has taught me--to always face difficulties and hope.
9.( 2018江蘇,21)By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
Practice
賓從缺主語（人）
表從缺賓語（事物）
who
what
從表從缺方式狀語
how
10.( 2017天津,4) She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
11.( 2017北京,26) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.
Practice
賓從“是否”
賓從缺地點狀語
if/whether
where

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