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(共17張PPT)
it 做形式主語
empty subject
That a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife is a truth universally acknowledged.
有錢的單身漢都要娶位太太，這是一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理。
--Pride and Prejudice
頭重腳輕
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
1. 含義：
英語中為保持句子的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語代替句子的真正主語，但it沒有實(shí)際含義。
2. 用法：
①It 代替不定式
A. It is/was +adj.+(of/for)+to do for: adj.修飾事情（做某事對某人怎樣）
對某人來說做某事是...樣的 of: adj.修飾人 （某人怎樣）
It is important/ vital/ necessary/ impossible for sb. to do
It is foolish/ polite/ kind of sb. to do
B. It is/was +n. 短語+to do 做某事是...的
It is time to do 到了做某事的時間
= for sth.
It is one’s turn to do 輪到某人做某事
It is my great honour to do 做...是我的榮幸
C. It takes/took sb.+時間+to do 做某事花費(fèi)了...時間
Review：幾個花費(fèi)
spend ：主語“人” spend +時間/金錢 in doing
cost ： 主語“物” sth. cost sb.+錢
pay ： 支付 sb. pay+錢 for sth.
pay for sb. 替某人付錢
take ： 形式主語 It takes/took sb.+時間+to do
2. 用法：
②It 代替動名詞
A. 表語是nice, good, enjoyable, awful, worthwhile, useless, no use等形容詞時
B. 表語是fun, a waste of, job, task, 等名詞或名詞短語時
It's a waste of time/ money doing this.
這樣做是浪費(fèi)時間/錢。
I think it is worthwhile having/to have such a companion.
我認(rèn)為有那樣一個伙伴是值得的。
2. 用法：
③It 代替從句
A.
It be + n.短語+that...
It is a fact that ... 事實(shí)是...
It is a pity that ... 可惜的是...
It is a shame that ... 遺憾的是...
It is good news that ... ...真是太好了
It is no surprise that ... 并不奇怪...
It is an honor that ... 真榮幸...
It is my belief that ... 我相信...
2. 用法：
③It 代替從句
B.
It be + adj.+that...
It is clear/obvious that ... 顯然...
It is possible/likely that ... 很可能...
It is natural that ... 很自然...
It is certain that ... 可以相信...
It is strange that ... 奇怪的是...
It is fortunate that ... 幸運(yùn)的是...
2. 用法：
③It 代替從句
C. It + v.(單三/過去式）+that...
It seems/appears that ... 似乎是這樣...
It happens that ... 碰巧發(fā)生...
It turns out that ... 結(jié)果證明是...
2. 用法：
③It 代替從句
D.
It +be done+that...
It is said that ... 據(jù)說...
It is reported that ... 據(jù)報道...
It is (generally) believed that ... 人們相信...
It is known that ... 眾所周知...
It is expected that ... 有望...
It is proved that ... 已證實(shí)...
It is announced that ... 已宣布...
It 做形式賓語
empty object
1. 含義：
當(dāng)不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句在句中作賓語時，為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，常用it作形式賓語，將真正的賓語后置。
They find it interesting to go to the movies.
I could appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
2. 用法：
① 動詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+不定式/動名詞/從句
think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take, support, regard...
The meeting is to make it clear how the project should go on.
本會議旨在明確項(xiàng)目應(yīng)如何繼續(xù)。
I feel it a geat honour to be invited to speak at the meeting before many students.
被邀請在會議上的這么多學(xué)生面前發(fā)言，我感到非常榮幸。
2. 用法：
②動詞+it+when/if從句。
常見于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少數(shù)表示情感態(tài)度的動詞之后。
He hates it when people use his bike.
他討厭別人用他的自行車。
I enjoy it that everyone had a good time.
每個人都玩得高興我很開心。
2. 用法：
③ 動詞+介詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組，如果介詞后跟賓語從句，必須用： 動詞+it+介詞+名詞+從句
leave it to (由...決定/判斷)
owe it to sb (歸功于/多虧)
take it for granted (想當(dāng)然/認(rèn)為..是真的)
have/bear/keep it in mind (記住)
bring it to one’s attention (引起某人注意)
2. 用法：
④ Rumor has it that... 謠傳……
Legend has it that... 傳說……
Rumour has it that Kim is not his student.
據(jù)說金不是他的學(xué)生。
Legend has it that Wu Song is buried at Hangzhou.
傳說武松葬在杭州。

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