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學習目標 掌握被動語態的結構，并達到熟練運用。
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I eat an apple. What’s wrong with this apple now 正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動語態。英語中有兩種語態： 。英語的語態是通過 表現出來的。 主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。 例：Many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 主語English是動詞speak的承受者。 一、被動語態的構成 “be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。不及物動詞本身沒有被動語態。 及物動詞vt..--- 本身意義不完整，后必須帶賓語，有些還可以帶雙賓。 不及物動詞v.i.---本身意義完整，不需要帶賓語，如帶賓語必須通過介詞。 人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。 被動語態在各種時態中的構成。 1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現在時 　　例 . 參觀者請勿觸摸展品。 　　2) has /have been done 現在完成時 例 任務的所有準備工作已經完成，我們準備開始。 　　3) am/is /are being done 現在進行時 　　例 這里正在建造一座新電影院。 　　4) was/were done 一般過去時 例 我有十分鐘的時間來決定是否拒絕這一提議。 　　5) had been done 過去完成時 例 到去年年底，北京的另一個新公園已經完成了。 　　6) was/were being done 過去進行時 　　例 會議舉行時我在那里。 　　7) shall/will be done 一般將來時 例 如果工廠關閉，幾百份工作就會沒了。 　　8) should/would be done 過去將來時 　　例 只要消息一到，就會直接被送達士兵的母親那邊。 　　 歌訣是：被動語態be字變，過去分詞跟后面。 二、被動語態的用法 (1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰 例： 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。 .這本書出版于1981年。 (2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。 例： 窗戶是邁克打破的。 這本書是他寫的。 (3) 為了更好地安排句子 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （4）It is said that+從句及其他類似句型 　　一些表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 據說,It is reported that…據報道，It is believed that…大家相信， It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…眾所周知， It is thought that…大家認為，It is suggested that…據建議。 例 據說這個男孩已經通過了國考。 三、主動語態變 被動語態的方法 (1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。 (2)把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞) (根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例： All the people laughed at him. ---- They make the bikes in the factory. ---- 被動語態的特殊結構形式 　　1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞+be+過去分詞。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 　　2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的第二個賓語變為主語，第一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 　　3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為 　　4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，這些詞的后面要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 　　5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞+介詞”，“動詞+副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 四、主動形式表示被動意義 　　1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語（主語通常是物）特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義。 　　例 This kind of cloth washes well. 　　注意：主動語態表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態則強調外界作用造成的影響。 試比較：The door won't lock. 　　 The door won't be locked. 　　2. 表示“發生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。 　　例 How do the newspapers come out 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢 　　3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 　　中考英語語法知識點之主動語態與被動語態的區別 　　在主動語態中，主語后面接人(be +動詞原型) 主語是謂語動詞的使動方 被動語態(be+動詞過去分詞) 主語是謂語動詞的受動方 例：主動語態：We use electricity to run machines. 　　 被動語態： 中考英語考點 之 主動形式表示被動意義 　　大家都知道，用被動語態(形式)來表達被動意義，但有些句子用的卻是主動形式，表達的卻是被動意義。下面我們就來總結一下常見的用主動形式表示被動意義的幾種形式。 　　1.連系動詞(如：feel,taste,sound,smell,look等)用主動形式表示被動意義。如： 　　This material feels very soft. 這塊材料摸上去很柔軟。 　　 這個蘋果嘗起來很好吃。 　　2. 有些表示主語內在性質或性能的不及物動詞常與一些副詞連用，用一般現在時的主動形式表示被動意義，其主語一般為事物。這些動詞有：sell,read, write,wash,wear,last等。如： 　　The pen writes smoothly 這支筆寫起來很流暢。 　　 這種食物很暢銷。 　　3. 動詞need, want, require表示"需要時"，后接動名詞或不定式的被動式表示被動意義。如： 　　Your room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的房間需要打掃一下。 　　 我的房子需要修理一下。 　　4. 在"be worth doing"短語中，動作與主語之間存在動賓關系，用主動形式表示被動意義。如： 　　 這本書很值得一讀。 　　5. 在"主語 +be + adj +to do"這個句型中，不定式動作與主語之間存在動賓關系，則用主動形式表示被動意義。如： 　　This question is hard to answer. 這個問題很難回答。 　　 英語很好學。 　　6. Won't或wouldn't表示"不愿"時，后面的動詞常用主動形式表示被動意義。如： 　　The door won't open. 這門就是打不開。 　　 這個盒子就是移不動。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 主動語態改為被動語態 We often use a recorder（錄音機） in our English class. 二、 選擇填空 1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept 4. His father ___ _____ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 選擇填空 5. The pen ________ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place 7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 9. ________ his work ________ yet A. have…been finished B. has …been finished C. has …finished D. have…finished 10. The classroom ________ now A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned 11. I promise that matter will _______. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 12. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given 13. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 14. Can such a thing _____ happening again A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from 15. A new house ________ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 16. This bike ________ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bough 17. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed 18. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided 19. The pen _______ me. It is hers. A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to 20 I can’t use my bike because it _______. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing 21. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____. A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard 22. — The window is dirty. — I know. It _____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 23. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 24. — How long _______ at this job —Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed 25.— What happened to the priceless works of art —_______ A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them

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