資源簡介
外延版八上Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
1. except, except for ,besides，but 區別
except 表示從整體中除去一部分
except for 表示對一個人或事物做一個整體評價，然后對局部提出一點看法。
besides 表示后面的部分包含在整體之內。
but “除……以外“（強調整體性，常放在nothing, all, anyone, nobody, everything, everyone
等詞后）
All the other five students arrived late except me. 除了我，其他五位學生都來晚了。（晚到的學生中不包括“我”）
Five other students arrived late besides me. 除了我，還有五位學生來晚了。（晚到的學生中包括“我”）
I didn’t tell anybody but you. 除你之外，我沒有告訴任何人。
His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的文章很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。
She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英語外，她還會講法語和日語。
What other sports do you play besides football 除了足球你還做哪些運動？
There is nothing but a desk in the room. 這間房間除了一張課桌，什么也沒有。
2. 四“花費“（cost, spend, pay, take）
單詞 主語 用法 例句
cost 物 sth. cost sb+金錢 This book cost me ten yuan. 這本書花了我10元。
spend 人 sb. spend+時間/金錢+on sth. I spent ten yuan on the book.=I spent ten yuan (in) buying the book.我買這本書花了10元。
sb. spend+時間/金錢+(in) doing sth.
pay 人 sb. pay +金錢+ for sth. I paid ten yuan for the book. 我花10元買了這本書。
take it(形式主語） It takes sb.+時間+to do sth. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天花費兩個小時的時間完成作業。
Do you usually spend all your free time studying 你通常把你所有的空余時間都用來學習嗎？
The old dictionary cost me fifty yuan, but I think the cost of it is more than fifty yuan.這本舊詞典花了我50元,但是我認為它的價值超過50元。（ the cost of it “……的價值“）
cost sb. one’s life 以某人的生命為代價
Joe’s brave action cost him his life. 喬的英勇行為使他犧牲了生命。
3. be close to 離……近 be far from 離……遠
close friend 親密的朋友
My close friend's home is close to the shop. And the shopkeeper usually closes it on Sunday afternoon.我密友的家離商店很近。店主通常周日下午關門。
4. maybe 與may be
Maybe he is at school=He may be at school. 或許他在學校。
5. 各種交通工具的表達方法：
by taxi 坐出租車 by bike 騎自行車
take the underground/by underground 乘地鐵
take a plane/by plane 乘飛機
[拓展]表示交通方式還常用以下幾種方式:
① in/on+限定詞+表示交通工具的名詞(作狀語)
Dad usually goes to work on his bike.爸爸通常騎自行車去上班。
② take+a/an/the+表示交通工具的名詞(作謂語)
Let's take the underground to the zoo.咱們乘地鐵去動物園吧。
③ walk/drive/fly/ride/... to+地點名詞 步行/開車/乘飛機/騎車/…去…(作謂語)
Lingling always walks to school.玲玲總是步行去學校。
④ on foot步行(作狀語)
Let' s go there on foot.咱們步行去那里吧。
6. choice （名詞）選擇
make a choice 做出選擇
have no choice but to do sth.除了做某事外別無選擇
We each had to make a choice. 我們每個人都得做出選擇。
It's up to you to make a choice. 由你做出選擇。
We had no choice but to wait for the next bus. 除了等下一輛公共汽車，我們別無選擇。
Jack chose to learn Chinese rather than Japanese. 杰克選擇學習漢語，而不是日語。
There are some things we can change if we choose to change them.
7. so much 如此多，修飾不可數名詞
so many 如此多，修飾可數名詞復數
There is so much food on the table.
So many people are waiting for the bus.
8. far away遠離
Mr Smith lives far from the town. 史密斯先生住在離鎮上很遠的地方。
9. the same as……和……一樣
different from 和……不一樣
My cousin’s watch is the same as mine. 我表弟的手表和我的一樣。
I know a woman whose first and last names are the same as mine. 我認識一個名字和姓氏與我相同的女人。
Daming likes to do the same things as me. 大明喜歡做和我同樣的事情。
Tom is quite different from what I expected. 湯姆和我的預期完全不同。
This year's fashions are completely different from last year's. 今年的時尚與去年完全不同。
10. be crowded with 擠滿……
The road is crowded with cars. 公路上擠滿了小汽車。
We had to stand because the train was crowded. 我們不得不站著，因為火車上很擁擠。
This is a crowded room. 這是一個擠滿人的房間。
11. all the time 一直；不斷地
He broke his leg and had to lie all the time. 他折了腿，不得不一直躺著。
The baby appears hungry all the time. 嬰兒一直都很餓。
12. Plan to do sth.計劃/打算做某事
He doesn’t plan to go to Beijing on vacation. 他沒打算去北京度假，
make a plan (for)… 為……制定計劃
They made a new plan for the use of the time. 他們制定了利用時間的新計劃。
13. How long did he stay here 他在這兒待了多久？
How long is the river 這條河有多長？
14. Could/Would you please do sth.
Could/Would you do sth 請你 /你能……好嗎？
Could you please help me carry the box 請你幫我搬這個箱子好嗎？
15. I want to book a room for two. 我想預定一個雙人房間。
Did you book the return train ticket 你預定返程火車票了嗎？
16. Don’t park your car here. 不要把你的汽車停在這里。
No parking! 禁止停車！
17. Lisa is standing outside the classroom. 莉薩正站在教室外面。
It’s very cold outside. 外面很冷。
The outside of the house is very new. 這座房子的外表很新。
There are some pictures on the outside walls. 在外面的墻上有一些照片。
18. however “然而，但是” 位于句首時其后要用逗號隔開；位于句中時其前后都要用逗號隔開。
However, last summer, David went to another city because of his father’s job. 然而，去年夏天，戴維因為父親的工作去了另一個城市。
My room is small. It is, however, very comfortable. 我的房間很小，然而，它卻很舒服。
19. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黃河是中國第二大河。
He is one of the youngest students in my class. 他是我班上最年輕的學生之一。
It is my busiest day. 這是我最忙的一天。(形容詞最高級前帶有物主名詞或名詞所有格時，不能再用定冠詞the)
20. because of 與because
Because of the illness, the boy did not go to school. 因為生病，男孩沒有去上學
He didn’t attend the meeting because he had too much work to do. 他沒有參加會議，因為他有太多工作要做。
21. in a hurry 匆忙，倉促 hurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事
hurry up趕快 hurry to+某地，匆忙去往某地
They left in a hurry. 他們匆匆離開了。
He hurried to go to school this morning, because he got up late. 今天早上他匆匆忙忙就去上學了，因為他起床晚了。
Hurry up! There is little time left. 快點兒，所剩時間不多了。
He hurried to school without having breakfast. 他沒有吃早飯，匆忙趕去學校。
22. Tony is the tallest of the six students. 托尼是六個學生中最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.
23. She is better than any other student in her class.=She is better than the other students in her class.=She is the best student in her class. 她比她班里的其他學生都好。
24. 不規則形容詞或副詞最高級：
good/well-best bad/badly/ill-worst, little-least, far-farthest/furthest many/much-more
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