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專訓七 　動詞和動詞短語
【圖解語法】
【知識清單】
常見的易混動詞辨析
注重動詞詞義的辨析,特別是同義動詞的辨析。例如:
(1)accept和receive:accept意為“接受”,指主觀上愿意接受;receive意為“收到”,指客觀上收到或拿到(主觀上不一定接受)。
(2)consider和regard:consider強調經過考慮后得出比較客觀的看法。consider相當于think about,意為“考慮”,后接動名詞,consider doing sth.意為“考慮做某事”;regard強調主觀上的認為。
(3)beat和win:beat意為“打敗”,后接表示人或球隊的名詞作賓語;win意為“贏;獲勝”,用作及物動詞時,后面接match、 game、 race等表示某種比賽的名詞作賓語,表示“(在競爭、斗爭或競賽中)獲勝”,而不接參加比賽的對手;win側重于贏得比賽或比賽的名次或獎品。
(4)remind和remember:remind意為“提醒;使想起”,remind sb.表示“提醒某人”,remind sb. of sth./sb.表示“使某人想起某事/某人”, remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人去做某事(動作尚未發生)”,“remind sb.+that...”表示“提醒某人……”;remember意為“記得;記住”,remember doing sth.表示“記得過去/曾經做過的事”(表明動作已完成),remember to do sth.表示“記住要去做某事”(表明動作還未做,尚未完成)。類似的詞還有forget、 stop。
(5)remain和stay:remain意為“停留;逗留”,可指人逗留在某個場所,也可指物被留在某個場所或保持原來的形狀或狀態;stay意為“停留;逗留”,它只表示人逗留在某個場所,不能用于物。
(6)take、 spend、 pay和 cost:take意為“花費”,多用來表達花費時間,其常用的句型為“①sth. take(s) (sb.) some time;②It takes sb. some time to do sth.”; spend意為“花費”,后接介詞on或in,on后接名詞,in 后接doing形式, in常省略,其常用的句型為“①sb. spend(s)+時間/金錢+on sth.;②sb. spend(s)+ 時間/金錢+(in) doing sth.”; pay意為“花費”,側重于“付款;給……報酬”,它的主語只能是人,后面常常與for連用,其常用的句型為“sb. pay(s) some money for sth.”; cost多指“花費金錢;某物值多少錢”,該詞無被動語態,其常用的句型為“①sth. cost(s) sb. some money; ②It costs sb. some money to do sth.”。
常見的易混動詞短語辨析
(一)同一動詞+不同介詞(副詞)型
make短語 be made ...的結構:be made in+地點,意為“在某地制造”;be made by+人,意為“由/被某人制造”;be made of+材料(能看出原材料),意為“由某物制成”;be made from+材料(看不出原材料),意為“由某物制成”;be made to do sth.,意為“被迫去做某事”
含有make的短語:make sure務必,確信,make friends with sb.和某人交朋友,make tea泡茶,make the bed鋪床,make fun of取笑,make a living謀生,make a mistake犯錯誤, make a decision做決定, make up one's mind下定決心,make great progress取得很大的進步,make faces at sb.朝某人做鬼臉, make money賺錢, make room (for)...給……騰出地方,make one's way to ...朝……走去, make it 獲得成功,make sb. do sth.讓/使某人做某事
turn短語 turn on打開(燈、自來水開關、家用電器等),turn off 關掉(燈、自來水開關、家用電器等),turn down 調低(音量);拒絕,turn up調高(音量);出現;露面;到場,turn into變成,turn over把……翻過來,turn out證明是;結果是,turn in上交
come短語 come along出現;一起來,come back=be back回來,come down下來;下降;跌價,come from=be from來自,come on趕快;加油,come in進來,come out出來;出版,come over順便來訪,come true實現,come up走上前來;將發生,come up with提出,come across(無意中)遇到
go短語 go for a walk 散步,go home回家,go on繼續,go on with/go on doing sth. 繼續(做)某事,go on to do sth.繼續/接著做另一件事,go to school上學,go shopping/skating去購物/去滑冰,go to bed去睡覺,go over復習,go to sleep去睡覺,go through通過;仔細查看,go back回去,go ahead 前進;進行,go in for參加;從事于,go up上升,go sightseeing去觀光旅行,go out外出;到外面,go abroad出國
put短語 put away放好;收起來,put down放下;記下,put off推遲;拖延,put on穿上;演出,put out熄滅,put up張貼;建造;舉起(手),put ...into English把……譯成英語
look短語 look at看,look after=take care of照顧;照看,look around 四處看看,look like看起來像,look the same看起來一樣,look for尋找,look out=take care小心;留意;注意,look out of從……向外看,look up抬頭看;仰視;查閱,look on ...as把……看作,look over仔細檢查,look forward to期待;期盼,have a look瞧一瞧,看一看(look是名詞)
be短語 be able to能;會,be born in 出生于,be different from和……不同,be good at 在……方面(學得)好;擅長……,be good/bad for對……有益/害,be fond of喜歡……,be in hospital 生病住院,be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事,be afraid of 害怕……, be angry with對……生氣,be amazed at對……感到驚奇,be covered with/by被……覆蓋,be excited about對……感到興奮,be famous for 以……聞名,be famous as作為……而聞名,be fed up with對……感到厭惡,be full of充滿……,be interested in對……感興趣,be late for遲到,be satisfied/pleased with對……感到滿意,be proud of以……自豪,be used for被用作,be ready to do sth.準備做某事,be ready for為……做準備
take短語 take a walk 散步,take away 拿走;奪去,take a train/bus 乘火車/公共汽車,take good care of (相當于look after ...well) 好好照料,take down 取下,take exercise 運動,take off 脫去(衣帽等);(飛機)起飛,take out 拿出;取出,take one's time不急;慢慢來,take turns 替換;輪流,take one's temperature 量體溫,take a picture/photo 照相,take a rest 休息一下,take medicine 吃藥,take an active part in積極參加,take a seat就座;坐下,take a message捎口信,take charge of 負責;掌管,take hold of抓住,take the place of代替,take place發生,take up占據
keep短語 keep (on) doing sth.繼續做某事,keep away from避開;不接近, keep sb. from (doing sth.) 阻止某人(做某事),keep out擋住,keep off 與……保持距離;讓開,keep to遵守;信守,keep up維持,keep up with sb./sth.跟上某人/某物
think短語 think of想到;想起;考慮到,think about考慮,think over仔細考慮,think through全面考慮,think out想出;想清楚
(二)不同動詞+同一介詞(副詞)型
含有for的短語 buy sth. for 為……購買某物,be good for對……有好處,ask for 要求;索取,leave for 動身前往,wait for 等待,answer for 對……負責,be used for 被用于,care for照顧;喜歡
含有at的短語 be good at 擅長于,work hard at 努力工作,knock at 敲(門、窗等),laugh at 嘲笑, fire at向……開火,point at 指著,aim at 瞄準,shout at 朝……喊叫,throw at 朝……扔,be angry at 生氣,be surprised at驚訝, be poor at 不擅長,arrive at 到達, look at看著,be amazed at驚訝于
含有away的短語 be away 離開;遠離,go away 走開,get away 離開;逃脫, wash away 沖走;洗去,put away 收起;放好,throw away 扔掉,take away 拿走,keep away 遠離;阻止靠近
含有on的短語 call on 號召;拜訪,concentrate on 聚精會神于,rely on 依賴,依靠,decide on 決定,come on 加油;趕快;來吧;拜托, get on 上車;進展;相處,go on 繼續,go on with sth. 繼續某事,get on with 與某人相處,turn on 打開(水、電、煤氣),walk on繼續前行,try on 試穿,depend on 依賴;取決于,put on 穿上,戴上;增加,look on... as 把……視為,operate on 操作;動手術,spend ... on 在……方面花費,hold on 等待(電話連接);堅持
感官動詞
感官動詞 用法 例句
look 意為“看起來;看上去”,表示通過視覺來判斷事物。look一般不能接名詞作表語,如需要接名詞作表語,則用look like結構,like是介詞 You look so excited. 你看起來如此興奮。 —What does the toy look like 那個玩具看上去像什么 —It looks like a chicken.它看上去像一只小雞。
sound 意為“聽起來”,指通過聽覺來判斷事物。sound也可與介詞like搭配 Her voice sounds sweet.她的嗓音聽起來很甜美。 You don't sound like a foreigner speaking English. 你說英語聽起來不像外國人。
feel 意為“感覺;摸起來”,指通過內心感受或通過觸覺來判斷事物 This woolen sweater feels soft. 這件羊毛衫摸起來很柔軟。
taste 意為“嘗;品嘗”,指通過味覺來判斷事物 The apples taste sweet.這些蘋果嘗起來很甜。
smell 意為“聞”,指通過嗅覺來判斷事物 These flowers smell sweet. 這些花聞起來很香。
注:這些感官動詞沒有被動語態,通常用主動形式表達被動含義。
【隨堂練習】
用所給單詞的適當形式填空
1.When you speak English, you should pay more attention to your 　 　(pronounce).
2.Could you please tell me how to become a good 　 　(speak), Mr.Li
3.The bad smell came from the 　 　 (die) fish by the river.
4.I saw a cat 　 　 (lie) on the road this morning.
5.A Chinese-English dictionary is 　 　 (help) in learning English.
6.There is a(n) 　 　 (introduce) about our school in that magazine.
7.Jane, you look so 　 　 (sleep).Stop working and go to bed now.
8.These are some useful 　 　 (express).You should memorize them.
9.The 　 　 (discover) of Columbus was quite a great event in the world.
10.I am old enough to make my own 　 　 (decide).
11.It 　 　 (take) me two hours to get there by bus last weekend.
12.I 　 　 (spend) half an hour on my homework yesterday.
13.It is raining.　 　 (take) the raincoat with you when you go out.
14.I can lend you my dictionary, but you can 　 　 (keep) it for only a week.
15.Dr.White can 　 　 (speak) French very well.
16.The man doesn't know how to 　 　 (translate) this word into English.
17.We'll go to 　 　 (see) a film instead of 　 　 (read) a book in bed.
18.When we 　 　(get) to the railway station, the train had already left.
19.I 　 　 (listen) to the teacher, and took notes carefully.
20.We 　 　 (feel) excited when the football match was over.
【仿真訓練】
一、完形填空
A
　　There was once a very wise man who lived in ancient times.He was elderly and educated.
　　One day while he was walking, he 　1　 that his shoes were starting to 　2　.He knew he had to buy a new pair.But he didn't want to 　3　 the wrong size of shoes.He gathered some books and 　4　 a lot of time reading about how to know if a pair of shoes fitted properly.
　　Following the books' instructions, the man took a stick and measured his feet with it.He then went to the market.However, he 　5　 the stick at home, which was far away from the shop, so he went back to get it.
　　By the time the man returned to the market, the shop had been closed.And by that point, his shoes were completely worn out, so he had to return home barefoot(赤腳的).
　　The next morning, he walked to the market, but the shoes that he had chosen the day before had been 　6　.The shopkeeper asked,“Why didn't you buy the shoes yesterday ”
　　The wise man 　7　, “Because I forgot the stick that I had used to measure my feet at home.And I have to have the correct measurements of my feet before I can buy shoes.I didn't want to buy the wrong size of shoes.”
　　Even more confused,the shopkeeper asked,“But your feet are always with you.Why didn't you just 　8　 the shoes ”
　　The wise man said, “All the books 　9　 shoes must be bought with the exact same measurements of the shoes you already own.”
　　The shopkeeper 　10　,“You don't need advice from books to buy shoes.You just need to have your feet, some money, and some common sense instead of making things more difficult.”
( )1.A.realized　　 　B.forgot
C.missed D.regarded
( )2.A.get out B.shout out
C.rush out D.wear out
( )3.A.borrow B.buy
C.lend D.send
( )4.A.cost B.took
C.spent D.paid
( )5.A.left B.missed
C.gave D.took
( )6.A.sold out B.given up
C.thrown away D.kept on
( )7.A.used B.replied
C.married D.watched
( )8.A.carry on B.take on
C.try on D.feed on
( )9.A.say B.read
C.talk D.speak
( )10.A.laughed B.cried
C.shouted D.agreed
B(原創)
　　Monty Roberts was the son of a horse trainer who would go from farm to farm and ranch (大牧場) to ranch to train horses.One day, when he was still in high school, Roberts was asked to 　1　 on a paper about what he wanted to be in the future.
　　That night, he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch.He wrote about his dream in great details and even drew pictures of the ranch.
　　He 　2　 his heart into the paper and the next day he 　3　 the paper to his teacher.Two days later, he got his paper back.On the front page was a large red “F” with a note that read, “　4　 me after class.”
　　Being confused, Roberts went to see his teacher after class and asked, “Why did I 　5　 an ‘F’ ”
　　The teacher said, “This is an unrealistic (不切實際的) dream for a young boy like you. You 　6　 a poor family.Buying a horse ranch 　7　 a lot of money.It's impossible for you to do it.　8　 your dream.”
　　Roberts went home and thought long and hard.One week later, the boy handed in the same paper, making no changes at all.
　　He said, “You can keep the ‘F’ but I'll 　9　 my dream.”
After that, Roberts worked very hard, little by little, and many years later he finally owned a 200-acre horse ranch. He shared his experience with his friends. “I could succeed because I had enough courage not to 　10　 my dream.Don't let anyone steal your dreams.Follow your heart, no matter what others said.”
( )1.A.write B.read
C.copy D.buy
( )2.A.kept B.put
C.thought D.gave
( )3.A.fell over B.worried about
C.gave away D.handed in
( )4.A.See B.Ask
C.Help D.Thank
( )5.A.give B.receive
C.buy D.spell
( )6.A.come from B.come out
C.come on D.come over
( )7.A.takes B.spends
C.costs D.pays
( )8.A.Keep B.Change
C.Try D.Practice
( )9.A.forget B.break
C.keep D.sell
( )10.A.give up B.give out
C.give off D.give away
二、語篇填空
閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當的詞并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。
A(原創)
think　have　ask　prevent　walk
　　Once there was a young camel.He 1.　 　 his mother many questions, as all children naturally do.
　　“Mother,why do we have humps (駝峰) on our backs ” he asked.
　　His mother replied, “My child, these humps prevent hunger and thirst as we go on long journeys through the dry desert.”
　　“But mother, why do we 2.　 　long eyelashes (睫毛) ” he continued.
　　“Oh, son, those are to 3.　 　the sand in the desert from hurting our eyes during sandstorms.This protection allows us to continue traveling,” his mother answered patiently.
　　“And what about our strange feet ” he asked.
　　“They stop our legs from sinking (下沉) into the soft sand.This lets us 4.　 　more easily and quickly,” his mother replied.
　　The young camel 5.　 　some more.Then he said, “I see. So the hump is to store water when we are in the desert, the eyelashes protect our eyes from the sand in the desert and these legs are for walking through the desert.So all these traits make us special, right ”
B
last　make　cover　put　mean
wear　use　call　shine　look
　　I am an Inuit boy named Kayla.Inuit are the people who live in cold Arctic (北極的) lands.In my language, Inuit 1.　 　 “the people”.Some people used to call us Eskimos.We wish to be called Inuit.
　　I live with my father, mother and two brothers.We live at the most northern part of the world.It is 2.　 　 up of the Arctic Ocean and the land. For months the sea is 3.　 　 with thick ice.The land is covered with snow and ice most of the year, too.
Winter is long and very cold.It 4.　 　 from October to March.It is dark twenty-four hours a day.The sun does not come up to warm the water and land.When the north winds blow, it is even colder.There are days when the temperature is 40℃ below zero.My family is prepared.We wear watertight shoes (防水鞋). We 5.　 　 on many layers (層) of clothes.Outside we always 6.　 　 a thick warm coat that has fur inside.I'm not afraid of the cold winters.I guess I'm just 7.　 　 to them.
My family and I 8.　 　 forward to each summer. The temperature usually stays around 10℃. During the summer, the sun 9.　 　 all day and night. This is why the Arctic is 10.　 　 the “Land of the Midnight Sun”.
【參考答案】
隨堂練習
1.pronunciation 　2.speaker 　3.dead　4.lying
5.helpful　6.introduction　7.sleepy　8.expressions
9.discovery　10.decisions　11.took　12.spent　13.Take
14.keep　15.speak　16.translate　17.see　reading
18.got　19.listened　20.felt
仿真作業
一、完形填空
A
1~5　ADBCA　6~10　ABCAA
B
1~5　ABDAB　6~10　ACBCA
二、語篇填空
1.asked　2.have　3.prevent　4.walk 　5.thought
B
1.means　2.made　3.covered　4.lasts　5.put　6.wear
7.used　8.look　9.shines　10.called

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