資源簡介

專訓三 　介詞
【圖解語法】
【知識清單】
介詞的主要類別
表示時間 at, in, on, before, after, since, until, till, by, during, from, to ...
表示地點和方位 at, in, on, round, around, over, under, above, below, down, before, behind, between, among, up, past, in front of, in the front of, beside, next to, near ...
表示空間運動 along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of, towards ...
表示方式、方法和手段 by, with, in, through, on ...
表示原因 for, from, with, of, because of ...
表示“除……以外” besides, except, except for ...
其他常用介詞 about, like, without, against, off ...
常見的時間介詞
1.at, in, on
at 側重于表示時間點,用于時刻前。表示“在某一時刻;在幾點幾分”,也可表示“在……(點)” at four (o'clock) 在四點 at a quarter to nine 8:45
常用于固定搭配的短語中 at noon 在中午;at night 在夜晚;at weekends 在周末;at breakfast/lunch/supper 在吃早飯/午飯/晚飯時;at this time of day 在每天的這個時候;at the moment此刻,現在
in 強調某個時間段,常用于上午、下午、晚上或世紀、年、月、季節等之前。in+一段時間,一般用于一般將來時 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上; in the day 在白天
in July在七月;in 2012 在2012年;in March在三月;in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天; in the 21st century 在21世紀; in ten years十年后
on 表示具體的某一天,后接具體的日期,表示某一天的上午、下午、晚上,或用于有形容詞修飾的某一天前等 on Sunday 在星期天;on weekdays 在工作日;on Friday morning/afternoon/evening 在星期五早上、上午/下午/晚上;on the afternoon of March 5th 在三月五日下午;on a cold winter evening 在一個寒冷冬天的晚上; on September 28th 在九月二十八日
用于公共節假日前 on New Year's Day 在元旦;on Children's Day 在兒童節
2.for, since
for+時間段 表示動作的延續。主句常用現在完成時、過去完成時或一般過去時 I have had (不用have bought) the car for three years.我買這輛車已有三年了。 I have been there for two weeks. 我在那兒已經待了兩個星期了。
since+時間點 意為“從……起;自……以來”,表示動作從過去某個時刻持續到了現在(說話時刻)或過去某一時刻。主句常用現在完成時或過去完成時 He has taught English since he came here in 1990. 他自從1990年就來這教英語了。 A lot of new things have happened since three years ago. (不用since three years)自從三年前以來,許多新鮮事發生了。 He had waited for the police since he called 110 ten minutes earlier.他自從10分鐘前報警,就一直在等待警察。
常見的地點介詞
表示地點的介詞有in、 on、 at、 to等,對其考查側重于at、 on、 in的區別。at著重把所處的位置看作是某一個點,范圍不明確,意為“在……內;在……上”,一般與較小的地方連用。in表示在某一區域或某一個立體的地方內,意為“在……(里)”,一般與較大的地方連用。on表示在一條線或一個平面上,意為“在……上”,如on the ground, on the wall, on the farm。
常見的方位介詞
1.方位介詞辨析圖示
2.方位介詞in、 on與 to
在表示方位時,in表示在某一地區內的某個方位(屬于該范圍);表示兩地區“接壤”時,用介詞on;表示“在某一范圍之外(兩地沒有挨著)”時,用介詞to。
常用的方式介詞in、 by與with
in 表示“用某種語言”,也可表示“用工具、材料”等
by “by+交通工具名詞”表示搭乘或借助某種交通工具,如:by bus/bike/plane/...,可與“take a/the+交通工具名詞”互換。例如: by bus=take a/the bus “by+動詞-ing形式”表示“通過……方式/手段”。例如: She makes a living by selling clothes.她通過賣衣服謀生。
with 表示“借助于某一具體的工具、材料或人體器官”。例如: I write with a pen. 我用鋼筆寫字。
表示出行的方式也可用“in/on+冠詞/形容詞性物主代詞+交通工具名詞”結構;表示“步行”用on foot。walk to ...與go ...on foot都表示“步行去……”,在同一個句子中,兩者不能同時使用。
常見的介詞短語
1.“動詞+介詞”的搭配。例如:
look after照顧, look at看, look like看起來像……, look for尋找, look over仔細檢查, listen to聽, get to到達, wait for等待, care for照顧、照料, fall off跌落, agree with同意, play with玩弄, knock at敲打, pay for為……付款, hear of聽說, send for派人去請, hear from收到某人的來信, cover ...with ...用……覆蓋, fill ...with ...用……填充, get on ...with ...與……相處, stop ...from ...阻止……去做, point to指向, think about考慮, operate on給……動手術, depend on依靠, do with處置。
2.“be動詞+形容詞+介詞”的搭配。例如:
be good at擅長于……, be good for對……有益, be bad for對……有害, be late for遲到, be different from與……不同, be (become) interested in對……感興趣, be weak in在……方面弱/不擅長, be worried about對……擔心, be afraid of害怕, be famous/well-known for 因……而聞名, be famous/well-known as作為……而聞名, be proud of因……自豪, be short of短缺, be fond of喜歡, be tired of對……感到厭倦, be busy with忙于……, be strict with對……嚴格要求, be kind to對……友好, be ready for ...為……而做準備。
3.“介詞+名詞”的搭配。例如:
at school在校, at home在家, at work在工作, at night在夜晚, at the moment此刻, at this time of year在每年的這個時候, at the end of在……末端, at the beginning of在……開頭, at the same time同時, at noon在中午, at the foot of在……腳下, by air坐飛機, by the way順便說一下, for example例如, for a holiday度假, in English用英語, in the open air在戶外, in front of在……前面, in bed在床上, in line排隊, in trouble處于困境中, in a minute馬上, in surprise驚奇地, on duty值日, on the/one's way to ...在(某人)……的路上, of course當然, on top of在……頂部, on show展覽。
【隨堂練習】
用適當的介詞完成下列句子
1.There are many apples 　 　 the tree in our yard.
2.My grandpa died peacefully 　 　a cold winter afternoon.
3.Li Fei improved his spoken English 　 　 watching English documentaries.
4.There will be a dancing competition 　 　the sixteenth day of March.
5.The old man's garden is so beautiful 　 　spring that kids like to play there.
6.Lily is only six years old, but she is very good 　 　 cooking.
7.Mr.Lin's flight will arrive 　 　 half an hour.Let's take a taxi to the airport.
8.Miss Yang helped her neighbor buy two kilos 　 　 sugar on her way home.
9.Mary has been looking 　 　 her ruler for 10 minutes. But it is actually in her schoolbag.
10.The students usually have their first class 　 　eight o'clock 　 　 the morning.
11.I like dancing and singing and often spend a lot of time　 　 them.
12.Where is the key 　 　the front door
13.After school, I like playing football or chatting 　 　my friends 　 　 the internet.
14.I learned a lot 　 　 other students in this class.
15.What do you think 　 　my new car
16.I hurried to school 　 　breakfast this morning, so I feel hungry now.
17.The man is a great basketball player.We are all proud 　 　 him.
18.My mother will come home 　 　 the morning of August 8.
19.I grew up 　 　 the foot of the mountain.
20.That naughty boy hid 　 　 the door and waited for his friends to find him.
【仿真訓練】
一、完形填空
A(改編)
　　Students in China are required to learn first aid 　1　 school as part of health education.It aims to improve their ability to deal with a first aid emergency (緊急情況).
　　According 　2　 a survey, there is one sudden death each minute. A sudden loss of heart working will lead to brain damage (損害)　3　 four to six minutes and then death after another five minutes.So, it is very important 　4　 the patients to receive CPR within four to six minutes.However, only about 4.5% of such patients have a chance of receiving it 　5　 time. That's because besides medical workers, most people do not have the knowledge of first aid.In fact,about 60% of these accidents happen out of hospitals, so it's necessary for more people to learn the skills of first aid including CPR. That can make a huge difference in saving lives.
( )1.A.at　　　　　B.on
C.by D.from
( )2.A.to B.like
C.as D.at
( )3.A.within B.through
C.across D.against
( )4.A.with B.for
C.of D.as
( )5.A.as B.by
C.at D.in
B(原創)
　　A group of university graduates visited their old professor (教授) last week.The graduates complained 　1　 their problems and stress in work and in life.After offering coffee to his guests, the professor went to the kitchen and came back 　2　 a coffee pot and a tray (托盤).The tray was crowded with many different cups: porcelain (陶瓷) cups, glass cups, plastic cups and crystal (水晶) cups.
　　Some cups were cheap, but others were expensive.The professor asked them pick out their favorite ones 　3　 those cups first.When the graduates picked out their favorite cups,the professor said,“Look! All the beautiful cups are picked out and the simple and cheap ones are left.”
　　“Wanting only the best things 　4　 yourself is the source of your problems and stress.You need to understand that the cup doesn't make the coffee better.Actually, all that you wanted was the coffee, not the cup.But you consciously (有意識地) chose the best cups, and then went to see what cups others picked out.”
　　“Life is the coffee.Your job, money and position in society are the cups.The type of cups doesn't determine the quality of your life.Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cups, we forget to enjoy the taste 　5　 coffee. The happiest people are not those who have the best things, but those who enjoy life and make the most use of what they have.”
( )1.A.about B.as
C.for D.to
( )2.A.out B.about
C.from D.with
( )3.A.to B.up
C.from D.down
( )4.A.for B.of
C.to D.from
( )5.A.of B.from
C.to D.as
二、語篇填空
閱讀短文,根據語篇內容用合適的介詞填空,使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞。
A(原創)
　　For me, being a good man means having a sense 1.　 　responsibility and good values (價值觀). For example, students should be responsible 2.　 　 their studies.They should try their best to accumulate (積累) knowledge and improve their grades.
　　3.　 　the other hand, a good man should also respect others.Everyone has the freedom to choose what to wear.We shouldn't judge others 4.　 　 their physical appearance.As long as people can shoulder their responsibilities, they are great regardless 5.　 　 their looks.
B(改編)
　　Hello, everyone.It's time to say goodbye to my junior school life.First 1.　 　 all, I want to say thank you to my English teacher,Miss Wu, for being patient with me.She always helped me 2.　 　my English.She also often reminded us to be an honest person.
　　Then I want to thank my basketball coach, Mr.Long.I joined the basketball team when I was 3.　 　 Grade 7.I was always late for practice at first.He taught me to be 4.　 　 time.He also taught me different basketball skills.Now, I have become a very strong basketball player.
　　Certainly, I am also thankful that I have made so many good friends at school.My best friend, Han Meimei, is a very hard-working girl.I have learned 5.　 　 her that we must study hard in order to go to a good senior high school.
　　Thank you, my junior school life!
【參考答案】
隨堂練習
1.on　2.on 　3.by　4.on 　5.in 　6.at　7.in　8.of
9.for　10.at　in　11.on　12.to　13.with　on　14.from
15.of 　16.without 　17.of　18.on　19.at　20.behind
仿真作業
一、完形填空
A
1~5　AAABD
B
1~5　ADCAA
二、語篇填空
A
1.of　2.for　3.On 　4.from　5.of
B
1.of　2.with 　3.in　4.on　5.from

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