資源簡介 一、選擇題1.19世紀中葉以來,蒸汽機的滾滾濃煙漂洋過海逐漸改變著世界。這一過程中發生了美國南北戰爭和俄國農奴制改革。其相同的影響是( )。A. 對農民進行的一場掠奪 B. 確立新的政治制度 C. 完成了自上而下的改革 D. 促進了資本主義的發展2.為中國近代化開辟道路,提出“自強”與“求富”口號的運動是( ) A.禁煙運動 B.洋務運動 C.新文化運動 D.五四愛國運動3.在歷史課上,同學們講了許多關于三國鼎立的故事,下列哪個故事所反映的史實對三國鼎立局面的形成影響最大?( )A、官渡之戰?? B、赤壁之戰C、三顧茅廬?? D、七擒孟獲4.明太祖設立的特務機構是( )A.東廠 B.西廠C.錦衣衛 D.內閣5.1945年,蔣介石邀請毛澤東到重慶談判的目的是( )A.討論停戰問題? B.討論成立聯合政府C.籌備政治協商會議?? D.贏得準備內戰的時間6.在中國化學工業史上,為祖國的化學工業事業奮斗終生,并以獨創的制堿工藝聞名于世界的科學家是A.詹天佑?? B.侯德榜?? C.張謇 ? D.李四光7.如圖,“西方人送來了一份令人不堪忍受的禮物祝賀中國進入20世紀”。這份“禮物”是指( )A、列強在華辦廠 B、開放通商口岸 C、列強在華興修鐵路 D、《辛丑條約》8.“出東征,掃小亞,攻埃及,占兩河,滅波斯,遠印度”。此段話是對下列哪一次戰爭的描述A. 希波戰爭B. 亞歷山大東征C. 羅馬帝國的擴張D. 阿拉伯帝國的擴張9.1949年5月,國民黨第126軍305師915團在黃石港起義,該團團長是( )A.張湘澤 B.馬祥雅 C.郭堅 D.郭鑒淮10.“看我抓一把中藥服下一帖驕傲”、“讓我來調個偏方專治你媚外的內傷”,這是周杰倫彈唱的中國風系列歌曲《本草綱目》中的歌詞,下列對于《本草綱目》的說法錯誤的是A.是一部具有總結性的藥物學巨著 B.是明朝醫藥學家李時珍寫的C.曾被譯成多國文字,成為世界醫藥學的重要文獻D.外國學者稱它為“中國17世紀的工藝百科全書"11.小明想利用暑假時間閱讀《史記》,在書中他不可能讀到的是A.秦始皇 B.陳勝???? C.劉備??? D.漢武帝12.1947年6月5日,美國國務卿馬歇爾在哈佛大學演講時說:“……我們的政策目的是恢復世界上行之有效的經濟制度,從而使自由制度賴以存在的政治和社會條件能夠出現。”為“恢復世界上行之有效的經濟制度(資本主義制度)”美國采取了什么措施?A.對西歐國家進行經濟援助 B.實行杜魯門主義C.法西斯勢力上臺 D.進行南北戰爭二、綜合題13.歷史表明:科學決策并適時調整,是社會發展的關鍵。“懂得改變,是一種智慧。”根據提示,結合所學知識,回答下列問題:(1)19世紀60年代,俄國和日本發生改革,廢除了阻礙其發展的舊制度,產生了深遠的歷史影響,請寫出兩場改革的名稱。(2)20世紀世界現代化進程中也有三次重大改革,分別是:20年代初期的蘇俄、30年代的美國、70年代末期以來的中國。請回答:①20年代初期的蘇俄改革的名稱是 ②30年代的美國改革的主要特征是 ③70年代末以來的中國改革在農村展開的主要形式是 (3)在改革開放的30多年歷程中,中國大膽創新,及時調整政策,走出了既與世界相聯系又獨立自主的發展道路,國外稱之為“中國模式”,結合下表談談你對中國改革開放30多年來成就的認識或體會。如圖,中國國內生產總值示意圖:14.下列是關于新航路開辟的兩則材料: 材料一、“當地居民都跑來岸邊……有人給我們送來食物。有一個老人坐船前來……許多人都來到了,包括婦女在內,每個人都帶些東西。”“我在1492年發現了印度大陸以及大批島嶼……在此之后,我回到長勒提爾,覲見王上,而王上依據我的陳述,命令我進行第二次航行以求新的發現,并在我所發現的土地上建立殖民地。主宰賜福我在那綿延600英里長的小西班牙島得告成功,我征服該島,并使它的居民納貢。” ——哥倫布首次航行日記材料二、(如圖)請結合上述材料回答下列問題:(1)指出材料一中關于哥倫布地理位置敘述的一處錯誤,并加以改正。(2)從材料一中找出能準確反映哥倫布航海活動本質的一句話。(3)結合材料二想一想,除哥倫布之外,新航路開辟時期還有哪些著名的航海家,他們各有怎樣的航海探索或發現? (4)1992年是哥倫布航行美洲500周年。當時,歐洲國家熱烈慶祝,為其樹碑立傳,而美洲國家則大力譴責,這不同態度的原因各是什么?15.閱讀以下材料,結合所學知識,回答問題:材料一:材料二:?第一次世界大戰歷時4年多,共有30多個國家、15億人口卷入戰爭,其中,死傷3000多萬人,參加國家的直接軍費和戰爭造成的損失達3400多億美元。?第二次世界大戰……因戰爭死亡的軍人和平民超過5500萬人,直接軍費開支總計13萬億美元,參戰國物資損失總價值達4萬億美元。 ——以上材料都選自世界歷史九年級下冊(1)分析材料一中的圖1和圖2,請指出兩次世界大戰爆發的直接原因分別是什么?(2)材料一中的圖3和圖4分別提到了兩次世界大戰中使用的新式武器,它們的使用,對戰爭的勝負起著至關重要的作用。請問,飛機是第幾次工業革命的產物?日本哪兩座城市在二戰中遭到了核武器的襲擊?(3)請根據材料二概括兩次世界大戰的共同特點。并談談你對此有何感想。參考答案一、單選題1.培養好習慣,我們應該①制定完善可行的計劃? ?? ②磨練自己的意志? ??? ③請老師、家長監督,改掉自己的壞習慣? ④要有行動A.①②③ B.②③④ ???C.①②③④ D. ①③④2.悅納自我的途徑有( )①客觀地評價自己 ②欣賞自己的優點③接受自己的不足 ④自我夸獎或詆毀A、①③④ B、②③④ C、①②③ D、①②④3.期中考試小麗考砸后,她心情一直不好。特別是每逢測驗前,她總是想考試結果對自己的影響,想著想著就開始心煩意亂,書都看不進去。材料反映了A.她對壓力有正確的認識 B.她出現了考試焦慮現象C.她缺乏自強不息的精神 D.她有不可治愈的心理疾病4.一個人生命是不可重復的,不管是偉人還是平凡的人,也不管是窮人還是富人。每個人都有自己的生活方式,都有自己的人生觀、價值觀等。這說明………………( )①人的生命具有獨特性 ②人都是獨一無二的,別人無法替代③我們應該善待生命 ④不要把其他人看得太重,該怎樣活,就怎樣活A.①②③④ B.①②④ C.②③④ D.①②③5.世界因生命而精彩。每種生命都有其存在的意義與價值,多種生命息息相關,需要相互尊重、相互關愛。下列想法或做法體現這種觀點的有( )①班上同學給公園草坪放置了一塊牌子,牌子上寫著:“小草正在休息,請勿打擾”②尊重地球就是尊重生命,拯救地球就是拯救人類自身③人類為了更好地發展經濟,可以暫時破壞自然,經濟發達后再治理④我們要積極保護珍稀野生動物,因為它們是與我們同住地球家園的朋友A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④6.當公民的合法私有財產受到侵害的時候,我們要學會依法維護自己的合法的財產所有權。下面做法有利于維護這項權利的有 ( )①與侵害者協商解決②向人民法院提起訴訟③多叫幾個人強行要回屬于自己的財產④如果財產數量不多,自認倒霉A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④7.為了控制過快增長的房價,政府部門頻頻出招。但解決該問題的根本出路只有一條,那就是 ( ) A. 抑制房地產投資投機 B. 推進保障性住房建設C. 適度降低房價 D. 以經濟建設為中心,大力發展生產力8.面對新的班級,新的同學,要想盡快適應這一環境,交更多的朋友,則需要A.好好學習,要為我們都喜歡和學習好的同學玩B.彼此之間的真誠和心靈的溝通C.天天買好東西給朋友吃D.教訓那些不聽話的,樹立自己的威信9.和其他動物、植物、微生物等生命相比較,人的生命獨特性突出表現在 ( )A.人生道路B.實現人生的價值方式和途徑的多樣性C.最具有智慧D.人的個性品質10.適度的自尊有肋于我們面對批評,改正錯誤;過度的自尊,則使我們過于敏感,作繭自縛。下列屬于適度自尊的有( )①數學課上,小呂做錯了一道簡單的計算題,盡管老師沒有批評他,但他還是感到無地自容,在同學面前一個星期都抬不起頭來。②上次考試,小青成績不理想,看到考的好的同學趾高氣揚,他發誓發奮學習把成績趕上去。③小華上學遲到,受到老師的批評,他不服氣沖出了教室④小雪一有成績就喜歡大吹大擂,不可一世,他的同桌提醒她后,變得謙虛多了。A、①② B、③④ C、①③ D、②④學生會主席劉剛(男)和生活部部長李嵐(女)相約來到學校操場的一個角落,商量如何搞好校園衛生的問題,他們靠得很近、說話聲音很小,這引起了周圍同學的指指點點。請據此回答第問題。11.劉剛和李嵐之所以引起其他同學的指指點點,是因為他們A.選擇商量衛生問題的場所和交談的方式不恰當B.在談戀愛C.沒有尊重對方D.都是學生會干部,愛出風頭12.對于周圍同學指指點點的做法,你的看法是A.這是他們的自由,在與異性交往時你也可以這樣做B.值得提倡,在一定程度上可以遏制男女同學不正常的關系的發展C.懶得去管,只要自己的學習成績好就行了D.不妥,背后指指點點不如直接向這兩位同學提出自己的看法二、綜合題13.近年來,中國科技成就讓世人刮目相看:探月“嫦娥”、入海“蛟龍”、中國高鐵、“天宮一號”、國產大飛機C919……一大批對國民經濟和社會發展有重大影響的標志性科技創新成果不斷涌現。(1)上述材料說明了什么?(2)有人說,我國已進入科技大國、科技強國的行列了。這種說法對嗎?為什么?(3)為適應新世紀的要求,你打算培養自己哪些素質?14.材料一:專家指出,部分青少年出于惡搞或者爭強好勝的心理,通過下載、轉發等途徑傳播網絡色情信息,很可能成為網絡色情信息的接受者和再傳播者。材料二:近日一則“四歲男孩狂玩iPad患近視”的新聞引起人們廣泛關注。上海一名四歲男童因在寒假和春節期間長時間用iPad玩游戲,導致視力迅速下降,寒假過后,男孩的父母帶其到醫院檢查視力,發現男孩的近視竟然已達300度。無獨有偶,南京一名小學三年級的學生,也因為整個寒假沉迷于iPad,近日到醫院檢查視力的時候發現,原本1.0的視力已降到了0.5,同時還出現了散光。(1)上述材料反映了什么問題? (2)結合材料談談不良誘惑對青少年的危害。15.美文賞析有一種愛叫“母愛”有一個人,無論你走到哪里都舍不得對你的牽掛,她愿意把自己的一生無私地奉獻給你。有一種愛,它讓你肆意的索取和享用,卻不求任何的回報。這一個人叫“母親”。這一種愛叫“母愛”。當你1歲的時候,她喂你吃飯并給你洗澡。而作為報答,你整夜的哭鬧。當你3歲的時候,她憐愛地為你做菜。而作為報答,你把一盤菜都扔到了地上。當你4歲的時候,她為你買下了彩筆。而作為報答,你涂了滿墻的抽象畫。當你5歲的時候,她為你買了漂亮的衣服。而作為報答,你穿著它到泥坑里玩耍。……當你13歲的時候,她建議你把頭發剪了,而你說她不懂什么時髦發型。當你14歲的時候,她付了一個月的夏令營費用,而你卻一個月沒有打一個電話給她。當你15歲的時候,她下班回家想擁抱你一下,而作為報答,你轉身進屋把門插上了。當你20歲的時候,她問你“整天去哪了”,而作為回答:“我不想像你一樣”。當你23歲的時候,她給你買家具給你布置新家,而你卻跟朋友說她買的家具真糟糕。當你50歲的時候,她常常患病,需要你的看護,而你卻為兒女在奔波。終于有一天,她走了,突然你想起了所有從沒做過的事,它們像榔頭般痛擊著你的心。如果母親仍健在,那么別忘了比以往任何時候都更深愛著她。如果她不幸永遠離開了你,那么你必須記得,母愛是天底下最無私的愛。如果說因為忙碌和粗心,我們平時忽略了對母親的問候和關心,無論如何,別忘了在母親節買上一束康乃馨,或者說幾句祝福的話語送給親愛的媽媽。(1)讀了這篇文章,你一定有很多感受吧,請把它寫在下面好嗎? (2)“當你14歲的時候,她付了一個月的夏令營費用,而你卻一個月沒有打一個電話給她。當你15歲的時候,她下班回家想擁抱你一下,而作為報答,你轉身進屋把門插上了。”這反映了一個什么問題?出現這個問題的原因有哪些?(3)想一想,自己有沒有忽略對父母的關心?今后打算如何去做?參考答案以上答案僅供參考一、選擇題1. 下列圖中, 是正方體的展開圖是( )2.計算的結果是 ( ) A. B. C. D.3.計算的結果是( )A. B. C. D.4.下列計算中,正確的是 ( )A. B. C. D.5.已知:如圖,在中,,是的中點,于,于,則圖中共有全等三角形A.對 B.對 C.對 D對6.如圖,等邊三角形ABC的邊長為3,點P為BC邊上一點,且BP=1,點D為AC邊上一點,若∠APD=60°,則CD的長為A. B. C. D.17.如圖,函數y=a(x-3)與y=,在同一坐標系中的大致圖象是( )8.表示 ( )A.的相反數 B. 的相反數 C.的相反數 D. 的相反數二、填空題9.將二次函數化成的形式,則= .10.要使有意義,則x可以取的最小整數是 11.的平方根________,的立方根________。12.已知線段AB和它外一點P,若PA=PB,則點P在AB的___________________;若點P在AB的___________________,則PA=PB.13.如圖,已知直線AB∥CD,若∠1=110o,則∠2= .14.計算20°17′×5= ° ′.15.有意義,則實數x的取值范圍是??????????? 。16. 函數y=kx+b(k≠0)的圖象平行于直線y=2x+3,且交y軸于點(0,-1),則其解析式是________ .17.某品牌手機經過三、四月份連續兩次降價,每部售價由3 200元降到2 500元.設平均每月降價的百分率為x ,根據題意列出的方程是 .18.實數,在數軸上對應點的位置如圖所示,則 (填“>”“<”或“”).三、解答題19.為了支援抗震救災,某休閑用品有限公司主動承擔了為災區生產2萬頂帳篷的任務,計劃10天完成.(1)按此計劃,該公司平均每天應生產帳篷__________頂;(2)生產2天后,公司又從其它部門抽調了50名工人參加帳篷生產,同時,通過技術革新等手段使每位工人的工作效率比原計劃提高了25%,結果提前2天完成了生產任務.求該公司原計劃安排多少名工人生產帳篷? 20.如圖,一拋物線經過點A、B、C,點 A(?2,0),點B(0,4),點C(4,0),該拋物線的頂點為D.(1)求該拋物線的解析式及頂點D坐標;(2)如圖,若P為線段CD上的一個動點,過點P作PM⊥x軸于點M,求四邊形PMAB的面積的最大值和此時點P的坐標;(3)過拋物線頂點D,作DE⊥x軸于E點,F(m,0)是x軸上一動點,若以BF為直徑的圓與線段DE有公共點,求m的取值范圍.21.我市某林場計劃購買甲、乙兩種樹苗共800株,甲種樹苗每株24元,乙種樹苗每株30元.相關資料表明:甲、乙兩種樹苗的成活率分別為85%,90%.(1)若購買這兩種樹苗共用去21000元,則甲、乙兩種樹苗各購買多少株?(2)若要使這批樹苗的總成活率不低于88%,則甲種樹苗至多購買多少株? (3)在(2)的條件下,應如何選購樹苗,使購買樹苗的費用最低,并求出最低費用.22.出租司機小張某天下午的營運全是在到西走向的大街上進行的,若規定向東為正,向西為負,他這天下午行車里程(單位:千米)記錄如下: +8,-3,+15,-10,-13,+3,-15,+11,-12 (7分)(1)將最后一名乘客送到目的地時,小張距下午出車點的距離是多少千米?(2)若汽車耗油量為0.08升/千米,這天下午汽車共耗油多少升?23.小明想知道學校旗桿的高度.他測量得旗桿頂端所系的繩子垂到地面還多1米,當他拎著繩子的下端點拉直,并撳在地面上時,此點離開旗桿底部是5米.你能幫助小明計算出旗桿的高度嗎?24.在日常生活中,我們經常有目的地收集數據,分析數據,作出預測.(1)下圖是小芳家2011年全年月用電量的條形統計圖. 根據圖中提供的信息,回答下列問題:①2011年小芳家月用電量最小的是 月,四個季度中用電量最大的是第 季度;②求2011年5月至6月用電量的月增長率;(2)今年小芳家添置了新電器.已知今年5月份的用電量是120千瓦時,根據2011年5月至7月用電量的增長趨勢,預計今年7月份的用電量將達到240千瓦時.假設今年5月至6月用電量月增長率是6月至7月用電量月增長率的1.5倍,預計小芳家今年6月份的用電量是多少千瓦時?25.如圖電線桿上有一盞路燈O,電線桿與三個等高的標桿整齊劃一地排列在馬路一側的一直線上,AB、CD、EF是三個標桿,相鄰的兩個標桿之間的距離都是2 m,已知AB、CD在燈光下的影長分別為BM = 1. 6 m,DN = 0. 6m。(1)請畫出路燈O的位置和標桿EF在路燈燈光下的影子。(2)求標桿EF的影長。26.據了解,今年中考我市某高中有招收藝術特色班,為了解學生的藝術特長發展情況,某校初三年段決定圍繞“在舞蹈、樂器、聲樂、戲曲、其它活動項目中,你最喜歡哪一項活動(每人只限一項)”的問題,在全年段隨機抽取部分學生進行問卷調查,并將調查結果繪制成如下兩幅不完整的統計圖.請你根據統計圖解答下列問題:(1)在這次調查中一共抽查了 名學生,其中,喜歡“舞蹈”活動項目的人數占抽查總人數的百分比為 ,喜歡“戲曲”活動項目的人數是 人;(2)若在“舞蹈、樂器、聲樂、戲曲”活動項目任選兩項設立課外興趣小組,請用列表或畫樹狀圖的方法求恰好選中“舞蹈、聲樂”這兩項活動的概率.27.(1)如圖1,在ABCD中,點E,F分別在AB,CD上,AE=CF.求證:DE=BF.(2)如圖2,在△ABC中,AB=AC,∠A=40°,BD是∠ABC的平分線,求∠BDC的度數.參考答案24.解:(1)①5,三.②答:2011年5月至6月用電量的月增長率是65%.一、選擇題1.鹽都天氣預報,及時準確發布中央氣象臺天氣信息.如下圖所示是中國氣象局發布的鹽都地區某天天氣預報情況.下列有關這一天氣溫的說法正確的是A.全天氣溫都是-4℃ B.全天氣溫都是4℃C.這天最低氣溫是-8℃ D.這天最高氣溫與最低氣溫的溫差是8℃2.下列物態變化,需要吸熱的是( )A.初春,皚皚的白雪開始消融 B.初夏,青青的小草掛上露珠 C.深秋,紅紅的蘋果蒙上白霜 D.嚴冬,靜靜的池塘覆上薄冰3.溫度是表征物體冷熱程度的物理量,以下物體的溫度最接近23℃的是 ( )A. 感到溫暖舒適的房間溫度 B.冬季教室外的最低溫度C.正常健康的成年人體溫 D. 冰水混合物的溫度4.“遠洋”號貨輪滿載貨物從深圳駛往天津,到達天津港卸下了一千噸貨物。在卸貨的過程中,貨輪受到的浮力 A、變小 B、變大 C、不變 D、無法確定5. 一鍋沸騰的油,魔術師把手伸進去,一分鐘、兩分鐘……再把手拿出來——沒事!對這一現象的分析正確的是 ( ) A.這是不可能的,是一種偽科學 B.這是不可能的,油在沸騰時溫度不斷升高C.這是可能的,一定是這種油的沸點很低D.這是可能的,一定是手上沾有水,水從油中吸收了熱6.學校醫務室室內溫度是28℃,芳芳將一支溫度計從裝有酒精的瓶中抽出,發現溫度計的示數( )A.下降; B.上升;C.先下降后上升; D.先是升后下降。7.生活處處有物理,留心觀察皆學問。對以下現象解釋正確的是 ( ) A.初冬季節,在家里洗澡時發現房間里充滿“白氣”,這些“白氣”是水蒸氣。B.在夏季的早晨看到足球場里的草葉上掛滿了露珠,而到了初冬,露水不見了,卻看到了薄薄的一層霜,有人認為霜是由露變成的。C.放在衣櫥里的樟腦丸,時間久了會明顯變小,是因為樟腦丸蒸發為氣體跑掉了。D.把冰箱里的凍豆腐取出,冰化后,發現豆腐里有許多小孔,這是豆腐里的水先遇冷結冰,后又熔化成水形成的8.對下列圖中物理現象的描述,正確的是( )9.新鮮的菠菜放兩天就“蔫”了,其中水分的減少主要是因為水發生了A.液化 B.沸騰 C.凝固 D.蒸發10.關于物態變化,下列說法正確的是 A.春天的早晨經常出現大霧,這是汽化現象 B.夏天,從冰柜取出的冷飲冒“白氣”,這是汽化現象 C.秋天,草葉上結有小露珠,這是熔化現象 D.冬天,窗子的玻璃上出現冰花,這是凝華現象二、填空題11.如圖所示的鉗子是人們日常生活中常用的工具,它的鉗柄上刻有花紋是為了增大 ;鉗口較薄,是為了增大 ;使用鉗子剪鐵絲時,它是 (省力/等臂/費力)杠桿.12.小剛吃冰糕時,把冰糕放在碗里,發現碗中的水越來越多,在這個過程中冰糕發生的物態變化是 ;他用手一摸碗壁,發現碗“漏水”了,這是空氣中的水蒸氣遇冷在碗壁上發生的 (填一種物態變化)現象,在這一物態變化過程中,空氣中的水蒸氣要 熱。13.聲音是由物體_________產生的;聲音在15oC的空氣中傳播速度是__ __m/s;摩托車的消音器是在_____________減弱噪聲的。14.選填物態變化名稱解釋自然現象中“云、雨、霧、霜”等的形成.地面上的水在陽光照射下會不斷地_________,當含有很多水蒸氣的空氣升入高空時,水蒸氣遇冷會__________成大量的小水珠或__________成大量的小冰晶,這就是我們看到的云.小水珠和小冰晶下落過程中,冰晶會__________ 成水滴,與原來的水滴一起落到地面,這就形成了雨.當夜間氣溫降低時,白天空氣中的水蒸氣會在夜間較冷的地面、花草、石塊上_______成小水珠,這就是露.在冬季,地面溫度會迅速降到0℃以下,水蒸汽就能直接_________成固態的小晶體,這就是“霜”.15.如圖所示是觀察氣體擴散現象的實驗裝置,撤掉兩瓶中間的玻璃板,兩種氣體逐漸混合變均勻,這種現象表明 16.南方夏天安裝制冷空調時,空調應安裝在窗戶的 方,北方冬天安裝制熱空調時,空調應安裝在窗戶的 方(填“上”、 “下”)17.一張白紙上畫有一朵紅花,拿到暗室用紅光照,則紙呈______色;若用藍光照,則花呈____色。 18.我國民間有句諺語叫“霜前冷、雪后寒.”霜是由于氣溫較低時空氣中的水蒸氣發生 現象而形成的;雪在熔化時需要 熱.19.沈括紀念館要澆鑄沈括紀念銅像.在用銅塊澆鑄銅像的過程中,銅塊發生的物態變化依次是 、 ;在此過程中的吸放熱情況依次是 、 。20.如右圖所示,不計滑輪重和繩與滑輪間摩擦,在繩端拉力F=900N的作用下,重1500N的物體A沿水平方向勻速前進時,物體A對地面摩擦力是__N,方向 。當繩子自由端拉動3m,時,物體A移動距離 m。?三、作圖題21.(2分)在圖中畫出使杠桿平衡的最小作用力以及它的力臂。四、計算題22.一人挑擔子,扁擔長1.2米,在A端掛上400牛的重物,B端掛上200牛的重物,欲使扁擔平衡此人肩距B端多少米?若兩端各減100牛重物,欲使扁擔平衡,肩應距B端多少米?23.一把桿秤不計自重,提紐到秤鉤距離是3cm,秤砣質量250g。用來稱質量是2kg的物體,秤砣應離提紐多遠,桿秤才平衡?若稱量某物體質量平衡時,秤砣距提紐60cm,該物體質量多大?五、綜合題24.如圖甲,托盤天平是實驗室里常用來測量的工具。托盤天平上的橫梁可以看成一個等臂杠桿,刀口處實際上就是支點,圖乙是簡化后的示意圖。(1)請在圖乙上畫出動力、動力臂、阻力、阻力臂(2)試證明:當天平水平平衡時,左盤中物體的質量等于右盤中砝碼的質量,即:m物=m碼25.如圖所示,是某型號自動沖刷廁所所用水箱的內部原理圖,圖中A是水箱,壁厚不計.浮筒B是一個質量為m=0.2kg的空心圓柱體,其底面積為SB=80cm2.放閥門C是一個質量可忽略的圓柱體,厚度不計.放水閥門C能將排水管口恰好蓋嚴。閥門上固定一根輕繩與浮筒相連,繩的長度為L=10cm,g=10N/kg,ρ水=1.0×103kg/cm3.當水箱中水的深度為H=16.5cm時,放水閥門尚未打開,求:<1)此時浮筒B所受的浮力大小;(2)此時浮筒B受到繩子的拉力大小.參考答案∵扁擔平衡,∴F1(1.2m-LOB)=F2LOB,即:400N×(1.2m-LOB)=200N×LOB,∴LOB=0.8m;當F1′=G1′=400N-100N=300N,F2′=G2′=200N-100N=100N時,F1′(1.2m-LOB′)=F2′LOB′,即:300N×(1.2m-LOB′)=100N×LOB′,LOB′=0.9m.答:欲使扁擔平衡此人肩膀距B端0.8m,若兩端各減100N重物,欲使扁擔平衡,肩膀應距B端0.9m.23.(1)24cm(2)m=5000g25.(1)5.2N (2)3.2N 一、聽對話,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三幅圖片中選擇與對話內容相符的圖片。每段對話讀兩遍。二、聽對話或獨白,根據對話或獨白的內容,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選擇最佳選項。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。請聽一段對話,完成第5至第6小題。5. Where does the woman want to go?A. The library. B.The post office. C. The City Bank.6. What should the woman do at the traffic lights?A. Turn right. B.Tum left. C.Go forward.請聽一段對話,完成第7至第8小題。7.Why did the woman take pictures of her flat?A. To put them in her living room.B.To show them to her friends.C. To send them to her parents.8. Which room does the woman like best?A. The study. B.The living room.C.The 、bedroom.請聽一段對話,完成第9至第10小題。9. When does the man go to the gym every day?A. After breakfast. B.After lunch. C.After dinner.10. What's the man's job?A.A reporter. B.An actor. C.A doctor.請聽一段對話,完成第11至第13小題。11. Why is the man asking for hot water?A. He is thirsty. B.His feet hurt.C.He feels cold.12. How well did the man do in the race?A.He was in the middle.B. He was one of the fastest.C. He was one of the slowest.13. What can you learn from the conversation?The man enjoys running.B. The man wants to win the race.C. The woman will run with the man.請聽一段對話,完成第14至第16小題。14. What's the speaker mainly talking about?A. His students. B.His job. C. His trouble.15. What do the students usually do duringthe lesson?A. Mark their coursework. B.Do experiments. C.Answer questions.16. What does the speaker think of his way of teaching?A. It bores the students. B.It saves time C.It works.三、聽對話,根據所聽到的對話內容和提示詞語,記錄關鍵信息。對話讀兩遍。(共10分,每小題2分)Healthy DentistryTo: Dr. LeePatient’s name: Bill __17__Last check-up: __18__ agoCheck-up time: __19__, July 47:30 in the __20__Room number: __21__四、單項填空。從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。22. The lovely girl is from Class6. ____ name is Alice.A. Her B. His C.Your D. Its23.—Is your father home?—No,he’s working late ____ the office.A. on B. at C. of D. to24. There were only two paintings for sale and he bought ____.A. all B. any C. both D. some25. Let’s ____ for a walk, shall we?A. to go B. going C. go D. gone26. —Where were you last Saturday?—I ____ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. was D. have been27. —Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?—No, you ____.A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t28. I work hard this term, but Peter works much ____.A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest29. —May I speak to the headmaster?—He ____ a meeting now. Can I take a message?A. is having B. had C. has D. will have30. There are no buses, ____ you’ll have to walk.A. so B. or C. but D. for31. — ____ is the dictionary?—It’s $22.95A. How old B. How long C. How thick D. How much32. I ____ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear fromC. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from33. Today, computers are really helpful. They ____ everywhere.A. use B. are used C. used D. were used34. —Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom?—Last year。A. when you got B. when did you getC. when will you get D. when you will get五、完形填空。閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。Several weeks ago, our headmaster, Mr. Gaudi, told usthat our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck—a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love. Carla has a good imagination, and I know a lot of history, so we thought we’d be good __35__ for the team.A few days later, Mr. Gaudi held a meeting with everyone interested in the__36__ . He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five member team. He also said that three more people would be needed as backup(替補). Unluckily four times that many students were at the meeting. So Mr. Gaudi said we would have a __37__ and the top eight scorers would become the team and the backup.Everybody agreed that this was a __38__ way to decide.Yesterday, all of the hopefuls went to the dining hall after school. We would have to decide the starting line-up(陣容).Mr. Gaudi acted as the host. After a couple of hours, all the __39__ on the team were set except one. Carla and I __40__ for that last position.We had to hold a one-on-one competition between the two of us.The winner would be on the team and the loser would be the backup.Midway through our two-person competition,I was starting to pull ahead.__41__ I saw the look on Carla's face.I waited for a second and knew what I had to do.As much as I wanted to be on Smart Aleck,Carla wanted __42__ even more.So,starting with my next question,I held back and let Carla __43__,just by a little bit.Her expression as she __44__ she would be on the show made up for my not being on the team.And since I will go as backup,I'll still have the fun of seeing the show up close.Was I __45__ by not trying as hard as I could?I don't think so.No one noticed,and Carla and I didn't __46__ it.It won't hurt the team because Carla will be a very good competitor on the real show.I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.35. A.choices B.pairs C.leaders D.fans36. A.course B.work C.trip D.show37. A.direction B.discussion C.competition D.conversation38. A.special B.hard C.fair D.funny39. A.places B.rules C.names D.orders40. A.tied B.clapped C.cried D.returned41. A.Still B.Never C.Then D.Again42. A.us B.it C.me D.her43. A.wait B.turn C.move D.win44. A.accepted B.realized C.considered D.decided45. A.coming B.refusing C.helping D.cheating46. A.mean B.plan C.regret D.say閱讀理解(共44分)六、閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。AJoin Us for a Day at Sun Valley Amusement ParkChildren aged 10 to 14 are invited to take part in the “Event of the Summer” at Sun Valley Amusement Park, the most popular amusement park on the East Coast. Sun Valley has more than 80 amusement rides. For sports lovers, there are basketball courts, an indoor baseball field, and climbing walls.No amusement park would be complete without a gift shop. Sun Valley has two.You won’t want to miss out on this day of fun. Join us at Sun Valley Amusement Park on July 14 Register(登記)early.The cost of the trip is $25. This includes tickets and all rides.We suggest that all children bring lunch.Buses leave at 9:00 AM and return at 5:00 PM.Rain Date: Wednesday, July 16.Register at the Children’s RecreationCenter at the Town Hall by July 3.A one-day registration will also be held on July 1 at the Brown School.For more information, call Jane Parks at 555-726747. Who can take part in the “Event of the Summer”?A. Children under 5 B. Children over 16C. Children aged 10-14 D. Children aged 5-948. The children had better bring ____A. a basketball B. lunch C. a gift D. gloves49. When can children register at the Brown School?A. On July 1 B.On July 3 C.On July 14 D.On July 16BStreet Ping Pong— Ping!Do you like table tennis? If you had travelled to cities in the UK like London or Birmingham last summer, you might have seen one of the dozens of free tablesthat were there as part of a project (項目) called Ping!.What is Ping!?Ping!is a three-year table tennis project. It has been running since 2010 and this year, 2012, is the final year. The idea is to put free table tennis tables in eight different towns in the UK for four weeks during the summer. Each table comes with its own bats and balls and is free to play. You can find the tables outdoors.What does Ping! hope to achieve?It would be great if Ping!helped find a new Olympic table tennis star but what Ping! really hopes. to achieve is just to get people playing and having fun together."Putting a ping pong table on the street gives people a chance to connect with other people," said MeeraSodha, Ping! Project Manager.One of the towns that took part in the project was Hull, a city in England. Forty-five tables were put into the city. JakobAdamski, an ESOL student learning.English, said, "I really enjoyed playing table tennis in the park. It was alsoagood way for me to practise my English and meet people."50 When did the Ping! project start?A. Last summer. B. Last winter.C. In 2010. D. In 2012.51. What's the Ping!project?A. Choosing table tennis stars.B. Holding table tennis matches.C. Teaching people how to .play table tennis.D. Putting free table tennis tables in some towns.52. The purpose of the Ping!project isA. to help people practise EnglishB. to invite people to visit the UK citiesC. to get people to play and have fun together.D. to encourage people to take part in the 2012 0lympicsCThe right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you’ll agree that the name and the product are connected in the everyone’s mind.In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is. In the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations (聯系).The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image(形象)in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name—Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word —which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge (要價)up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.53. Why are trade names protected by law in many countries?A. To make companies pay for naming service.B. To help people choose the best productsC. To present good images of the products.D. To prevent good images from being copied54. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many companies care about the cost of finding the right namesB. Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger saleC. The government often does business with naming companiesD. It is considered necessary for cars to be names after animals55. What’s the best title for the passage?A. The Business of NamesB. The Development of NamesC. The Rules of Naming BusinessD. The Methods of Choosing NamesDReading Oliver James'Affluenza,I thought about what often happens at home.My 12-year-ole daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow.I don't understand any of it,"she cries out.After shouting and shutting her door,she calms down enough to go through her notes.The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says"OK,I got a nine"."Wow.well done!"I say,before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!"According to James,this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development,which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.To test this,I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests.She looked at me as if I was thick."Well,if I don't get good grades,I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff."I was quite surprised,because I don't consider myself a pushy parent.But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright.He points to the Danish system(體制)of education as a better model.Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.For me,I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle,recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules,yet I have lived a happy life.What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations,or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind.And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests,something more like Tongjon.Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools.It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea,and indeed in many other school systems around the world.As the Russian poet Pushkin said,"Inspiration(靈感)is needed in geometry(幾何學)just as much as in poetry ",and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .56.What does the writer probably think of his/her daughter?A.She sets herself a goal too high to reach.B.She should be more polite to her parents.C.Sheis hard-working but not very bright.D.She takes her grades much too seriously.57.What does the word "obsession"in paragraph 3 mean?A.A plain and unavoidable fact.B.A satisfied and very proud state.C.A practical and widely-used way.D.A fixed and often unreasonable idea.58.What can we infer from the passage?A.Social skills are as important as high grades.B.Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.C.The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.D. Danish educational system is for very smart students.59.The writer wants to tell us that____.A.learning happily is the key to self-development.B. top marks may be helpful to increase one's interest.C. tests should be improved to give children inspiration.D.education should meet one's needs for word and money.七、閱讀短文,根據短文內容,從短文后的五個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余選項。Dr.Jack Todd is very interested in clean water .__60__,so it's natural that he is to developer of a small and affordable system(系統)to clean wastewater,His “Living Machine" can clean wastewater in your home or in your business.__61__ The wastewater goes into a big plastic tank where bacteria(細菌)start to break down the waste.A few days later after it is dealt with, the water is brought into a greenhouse filled with plants and fish.With the help of sunlight,the plants and animals remove more chemicals from the water,making it cleaner,Then the water can be reused for washing or bathing __62__ but the water is clean enough for watering the flowing, washing the dog, or even for bathing or swimming.The advantage of this technology is that it is affordable and good for the environment. __63__. It can help to use less fresh water, and it can help keep the water supply unpolluted.If enough homes and businesses use “Living Machines”People like to plant trees around their housesHe is also interested in saving moneyIt cannot be used for drinking or cookingThe “Living Machine” is a system for cleaning wastewater八、閱讀短文,根據短文內容回答問題。Every year, wildfires(野火) destroy much forest land. homes are broken down, and thousands of people die. smokejumpers are stop helping to stop this.Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefight. they jump from places into areas that difficult to reach by car or on foot. they race to put out fires as fast as they can.At a fire site, Smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. their main goal is to stop fire from spreading. using basic tools such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. they carry water with them too, but not much.Although most smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. Most important are your weight and height. Smokejumpers in the U.S. for example ,must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.Smokejumpers must be able to live in the wilderness. in Russia ,many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and even make simple furniture from trees.They work is dangerous, the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smokejumpers isn’t just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old Russian smokejumpers Alexi Tishin says,“This is the best job for the strong and brave.”64. What are Smokejumpers?65. Where do the jump from?66. What’s their main goal?67. Why should they have proper weight?68. What’s needed to be a smokejumpers?九、完成句子。(共10分,每小題2分)根據中文意思完成句子。69.很抱歉我沒能參加你的生日晚會。_____for missing your birthday party.70.你在課余時間喜歡讀書嗎?Do you _____ in your spare time?71.杰克會和同學們相處得很好。Jack will _____ his classmates.72.這個演講非常精彩。我們都聽得很認真。The speech _____ we all listened carefully.73.他們很難在這么短的時間內想出新的辦法。_____ a new way in such a short time.十、文段表達。根據中文和英文提示詞語,寫出意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于60詞的短文,所給英文提示詞語僅供選用,請不要寫出你的真實校名和姓名。74. 生活中每個人都有過與他人分享的體驗,如分享一本有趣的書、一段難忘的經歷、一個閃光的想法……現在,某英文報紙就分享(Sharing)話題征文,請你投稿。描述一次你與他人分享的經歷,并談談你的感受。提示詞語:share…with…;experience; interest; learn; change; encourage; enjoy; happiness; confident參考答案一、1、C 2、B 3、A 4、C二、5、A 6、B 7、C 8、A 9、A 10、B 11、B 12、C13、A 14、B 15、C 16、C三、17、Appleman 18.four months 19. Monday 20. evening 21. 31560、C 61、E 62、D 63、A八、64、Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighter.65. They jump from planes.66. Their main goal is to stop a fine from spreading.67. Because they won’t get hurt when they land ,or get blown by strong winds.68. To be a smokejumper,one needs to have proper height and weight, be able to live in the wilderness and love his/her job.九、69. I am sorry70. like reading71. get along/on well with72.was so wonderful that73. It’s difficult for them to come up with十、74. One possible versionI had an experience of sharing. When my family moved, I had to go to a new school and study in a new class. The first test made me so nervous that I failed. I got worried and felt helpless until one of my new classmates came up to me and asked softly if I was OK. After I told him about my problem, he gave me some advice. From then on, we got to know each other and shared our ideas ,problems, and happiness. We became good friends. Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.一、基礎題閱讀下面語段,完成下面題目。(10分)蓬萊山又名“九仙山”,位于尤溪縣坂面鎮境內,距縣城35公里,海拔1288米,峰頂面積達2000多平方米,是尤溪最高的山峰之一。蓬萊山雖然是尤溪最早開發的名勝景點,而且是三明市最優美的旅游自然景區之一。沿著蜿(yán)的盤山公路,可以看到蓬萊山詭奇多姿,千巖競秀,峰巒峭拔,怪石嵯峨,流泉飛瀑,草木蔥蘢,山明水秀。山上有金鯽池、石棋盤、黑白二石子、煉丹灶、白鶴洞等勝景。同時,洞窟幽深,巖壑雄峙,峽谷險絕,山泉潺潺,蒼松翠柏,風光旖旎。峰頂有巖平臺方余丈,佇立于此可眺望方圓百里山河和村落。該山植被分布帶明顯,上部為高山草甸帶,山腰以下生長茂密的針闊葉林、灌叢、修竹。站立山頂,只見重巒疊嶂,綠樹成陰,云霧(liáo)繞,日出如盤,日落似血。極目遠眺,尤溪河如玉練彩帶般繞山而行,更給蓬萊山增添了幾許秀氣。蓬萊山海拔800多米處,有一座禪峰寺廟,始建于唐貞觀年間721年,寺的右邊有兩株千年古樹——紫薇,枝葉婆娑,郁郁蔥蔥。禪峰寺后的仙峰巖,巖體巨大、氣勢如虹、景觀奇特,巖體高達200多米,長800多米,是尤溪縣目前發現最大的巖石壁。1.根據拼音寫漢字或給劃線字注音。(4分 )①蜿yán( ) ②云霧liáo( )繞③詭( )奇多姿 ④郁郁蔥( )蔥2.文中畫線的句子有語病,請修改。(2分)________________________________________________________________________3.結合語境解釋詞語。(4分)①極目遠眺: __________________________________________________②重巒疊嶂:_________________________________________________4.把下列成語補充完整。(4分)趨之若( ) ( )枯拉朽 居心( )測 ( )不成軍5.劇本中水上漂說:“男娃子是個寶,女娃子是根草”狗娃的唱詞中也有:“千不該,萬不該,不該錯投女兒胎!”對這種傳統的重男輕女思想,你是怎樣看待的?請聯系你的所見所問,說說你的觀點。二、現代文閱讀閱讀《童年的朋友》中的兩段文字,完成下面題目。(7分)①外祖母說話好似在用心地唱歌,字字句句都像鮮花那樣溫柔、鮮艷和豐潤,一下子就牢牢地打進我的記憶里。她微笑的時候,那黑得像黑櫻桃的眼珠兒睜得圓圓的,閃出一種難以形容的愉快光芒,在笑容里,快活地露出堅固的雪白的牙齒,雖然黑黑的,兩頰有許多皺紋,但整個面孔仍然顯得年輕,明朗。但這面孔卻被松軟的鼻子、脹大了的鼻孔和紅鼻尖兒給弄壞了。她從一個鑲銀的黑色鼻煙壺里嗅煙草。她的衣服全是黑的,但通過她的眼睛,從她內心卻射出一種永不熄滅的、快樂的、溫暖的光芒。她腰彎得幾乎成為駝背,肥肥胖胖,可是舉動卻像一只大貓似的輕快而敏捷,并且柔軟得也像這個可愛的動物。②在她沒來以前,我仿佛是躲在黑暗中睡覺,但她一出現,就把我叫醒了,把我領到光明的地方,用一根不斷的線把我周圍的一切連結起來,織成五光十色的花邊,她馬上成為我終身的朋友,成為最知心的人,成為我最了解、最珍貴的人,一是她那對世界無私的愛豐富了我,使我充滿了堅強的力量以應付困苦的生活的。6.選文第①段劃線句運用了什么修辭手法?這樣寫有怎樣的表達效果?(3分)7.第②段中劃線的這個“光明的地方”該怎樣理解呢?(2分)8.外祖母是“我”的長輩,“我”卻說“她一出現”,“馬上成為我終身的朋友”。對此你是怎么理解的?(2分)閱讀《最后一課》文段,完成第下列各小題。(11分)忽然教堂的鐘敲了十二下。祈禱的鐘聲也響了。窗外又傳來普魯士兵的號聲——他們已經收操了。韓麥爾先生站起來,臉色慘白,我覺得他從來沒有這么高大。“我的朋友們啊,”他說——“我——我——”但是他哽住了,他說不下去了。他轉身朝著黑板,拿起一支粉筆,使出全身的力量,寫了兩個大字:“法蘭西萬歲!”然后他呆在那兒,頭靠著墻壁,話也不說,只向我們做了一個手勢:“散學了,——你們走吧。”9.文段寫教堂的鐘聲、祈禱的鐘聲、普魯士兵的號聲,有什么作用?(3分)10.韓麥爾先生此時此刻有無數的話要說,但是他哽住了,說不下去了,是因為(?? )(3分)A.時間太少了,滿肚的話一時無從說起。 B.他要離開他教的學生,心情難過。C.想到課一結束,他就要離開這生活了四十年的地方,心中有說不出的惆悵。D.最后一課即將結束,從此將和祖國的語言告別,留戀與失望、痛苦與悲憤到了極點,千言萬語不知從何說起。11.韓麥爾先生“使出全身的力量,寫了兩個大字:‘法蘭西萬歲!’”這一細節描寫表現了韓麥爾先生怎樣的思想感情?(3分)12.判斷下列兩句中的破折號的用法。(2分)(1)“我的朋友們啊,”他說,“我—我—”(??? )(2)“散學了,—你們走吧。”(??? )A.表示解釋說明 B.表示語音延長 C.表示意思的遞進 D.表示語意的轉折閱讀陳村《回想鐵生》一文,完成13~16題。(共12分)①他跟我很投緣,也許因為我們有相似的經歷,都曾當過知青,都是病退回城,都曾在里弄加工組謀生,都屬于殘疾人,都寫作。但他站不起來了,我還能彎曲地站立和難看地短程行走。在我眼里,史鐵生是當代中國最好的作家。②他的體格,本來應該很高大,很健碩。開始于十九歲的劫難塞給他另外一條路,母親和朋友說服他,他說服自己,后來成了我認識的、閱讀的史鐵生。③這些年,我到北京必去望望史鐵生,坐兩三個小時,吃頓飯。住下來可以多說話,可他的身體禁不住打擾。他的截癱,他的腎臟萎縮,用他的話說,發動機和輪子都壞了,維持身體的運行很累。每周兩到三次的腎臟透析,不由分說地打斷他的生活和思維。④他常常想得比人們深入透徹,他有自己的理由和節律。他不作狀,而是常常省察自己的內心。史鐵生坦然寫他自己,他的一生透明坦蕩,讀過他作品的人知道他許多往事,也看見他的許多思索。⑤那些困苦,經受血的洗禮后成了他的資源,使他從此走向內心,走通命定之路,去看他人和世界。他追問,但不控訴,不失態。史鐵生通常并不抱怨,他知道感恩,知道生的命題下的諸多奧義。他從腿開始思想,體察心靈。他更多被閱讀的是《我的遙遠的清平灣》,《我與地壇》,《命若琴弦》。那樣的故事只有他能寫。⑥他的身體可說是殘花敗絮,比古瓷更碰不得。即便在輪椅上,史鐵生也坐不長,因下肢的神經被截癱殃及,久坐后血液回流不暢。他的椅子和床一定要仔細清掃,被硌著不知道,失去知覺的皮膚很容易就破皮,一旦感染經久不愈。他手腕上的血管因透析傷痕累累。他常吃著飯汗就出來了,吃飯對他是大運動量。他也抽煙,吸兩口就掐了,過會兒再點上。他必須節制飲水,飲白酒似的喝一小口,水進入身體要等兩天后才能靠透析排出。這兩天里身體積累的毒素令他昏昏然,無法思索。毒素和血液中的營養被透析強行清除,身體猶如飄在云上。水火交替,他兩天中只有很短的時間可以閱讀、寫作。《病隙碎筆》,就是他在疾病的空隙中零碎寫成的。家中來朋友,頭天要躺著休息,攢下精神接待,然后兩個小時內耗盡。病到后來,他的手無力支撐自己上床上車。他床邊有架國外買來的機器,將他從輪椅上吊起,轉移到床的上方再放下。有時,他將自己懸掛起來,讓受壓的皮膚休息一會兒,以免患上褥瘡。他就在這樣的境況中寫許多文章,出多本書,甚至有《務虛筆記》和《我的丁一之旅》兩部長篇小說。⑦復旦大學的“史鐵生追思會”,屏幕上打出他的肖像。照片是我2001年拍的,那天他50周歲。他那么神采奕奕,寬厚地笑著。史鐵生和他的作品真誠,溫暖,厚重。這樣的作家是不會死的。1月6日民俗說的“頭七”晚上,中國二十多個地方的讀者自發追思史鐵生。我從沒見過一個中國當代作家被讀者這樣整齊地認可。史鐵生來自平民,他的寫作屬于人民。(《散文·海外版》)13.文章第①段末尾為什么說“在我眼里,史鐵生是當代中國最好的作家”?(4分)14.文章自然樸實,感情真摯。請以第段的詞句為例簡要分析。(3分)15.“他就在這樣的境況中寫許多文章,出多本書,甚至有《務虛筆記》和《我的丁一之旅》兩部長篇小說。”如果你來朗讀這句話,你覺得劃線部分哪兩個詞語應該重讀?為什么?(3分)16.下列對本文的理解與賞析,錯誤的一項是(2分)A.這是一個殘疾作家在回憶另一個殘疾作家。相似的經歷和困厄,使他比常人更容易觸摸到史鐵生的心靈。B.第③段中“發動機和輪子都壞了”一句運用比喻手法,形象地表現了腎臟萎縮和截癱給史鐵生造成的生存艱難。C.第⑤段中“那樣的故事只有他能寫”是因為就算別人也經歷了他那樣的困苦,也難以像他那樣創作和生活。D.第⑥段簡述了史鐵生身體上所承受的常人難以想象的困苦,字里行間流露出對史鐵生的敬佩、感激之情,使讀者受到強烈的震撼。三、文言文閱讀閱讀下面文言文,完成題。會天下大雨,道不通,度已失期。失期,法皆斬。陳勝、吳廣乃謀曰:“今亡亦死,舉大計亦死;等死,死國可乎?”陳勝曰:“天下苦秦久矣。吾聞二世少子也,不當立,當立者乃公子扶蘇。扶蘇以數諫故,上使外將兵。今或聞無罪,二世殺之。百姓多聞其賢,未知其死也。項燕為楚將,數有功,愛士卒,楚人憐之。或以為死,或以為亡,今誠以吾眾詐自稱公子扶蘇、項燕,為天下唱,宜多應者。”吳廣以為然。(節選自《陳涉世家》)17.解釋下面句中劃線的詞。(3分)(1)會天下大雨___________ (2)度已失期___________ (3)為天下唱__________18.用現代漢語寫出下列句子的意思。(2分)等死,死國可乎?譯文:___________________________________________________________。19.陳勝、吳廣為什么要詐稱公子扶蘇、項燕?(用簡潔的語言回答)(3分)_______________________________________________________________________________四、默寫按要求默寫填空。(8分)20.只恐雙溪舴艋舟, 。21.雪暗凋旗畫,風多雜鼓聲。 , 。22.《出師表》中“侍衛之臣”和“忠志之士”能忘身于外者的原因是:, 。23.你的朋友身處逆境悶悶不樂,這時你可以用范仲淹的一句話來使之開闊胸襟,這句話是: , 。24.四面邊聲連角起,千嶂里, 。25. ,載不動許多愁。26.零落成泥碾作塵, 。27.我把全部的力量運在手掌 / 貼在上面, ,/因為只有那里是太陽,是春,/將驅逐陰暗,帶來蘇生,/ 因為只有那里我們 ,/螻蟻一樣死……那里,永恒的/中國! ——《我用殘損的手掌》五、作文28.文題一:一顆雄心,是高飛的翅膀;一顆愛心,是擋風的屏障。堅強的心能高過大山,純潔的心能寬過海洋。感恩之心可以獲取真情,寬容之心可以贏得尊敬,奉獻之心可以溫暖人間。一顆心,是一束光;萬眾一心能把整個世界照亮……請以“心”為話題,寫一篇作文。要求:⑴題目自擬,文體不限;⑵字數不少于600;文題二:以“留在心底的風景”為題寫一篇作文。要求:⑴文體不限;⑵字數不少于600。9.鐘聲宣告最后一課的結束,號聲預示著德語要代替法語;號聲、鐘聲的相繼傳來,使韓麥爾先生眷戀國土的心更為痛楚和悲憤,為下文起了烘托和鋪墊作用。(3分10.D (3分15.“甚至”和“兩部”(或“長篇”)。“甚至”表示遞進,表現了作者對史鐵生克服常人難以想象的困苦后寫出《務虛筆記》《我的丁一之旅》這樣的長篇小說的驚訝、敬佩。“兩部”表示數量之多(或“長篇”表示篇幅之長),表現史鐵生的勤奮、頑強。(找到重讀詞語和理由各點一半分。意對即可)16.D17.(1)會:適逢、恰巧遇到 (2)度:估計 (3)唱:通“倡”倡導18.同樣死,為國事而死好嗎?(“等”“死國”各1分)19.扶蘇賢明,項燕愛士卒,詐稱扶蘇,項燕有號召力。(如全抄原文不得分)20.載不動許多愁21.寧為百夫長,勝作一書生22.蓋追先帝之殊遇,欲報之于陛下也23.不以物喜,不以己悲。24.長煙落日孤城閉25.只恐雙溪舴艋舟。26.只有香如故27.寄與愛和一切希望;不像牲口一樣活28.答案不一,屬于開放性題。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 江蘇省盱眙縣明祖陵中學2012-2013學年八年級下學期期末考試歷史試題.doc 江蘇省盱眙縣明祖陵中學2012-2013學年八年級下學期期末考試政治試題.doc 江蘇省盱眙縣明祖陵中學2012-2013學年八年級下學期期末考試數學試題.doc 江蘇省盱眙縣明祖陵中學2012-2013學年八年級下學期期末考試物理試題.doc 江蘇省盱眙縣明祖陵中學2012-2013學年八年級下學期期末考試英語試題.doc 江蘇省盱眙縣明祖陵中學2012-2013學年八年級下學期期末考試語文試題.doc 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫