資源簡介 北京市西城區2013年初三一模試卷化 學 2013.5考生須知1.本試卷共8頁,共四道大題,35道小題,滿分80分。考試時間100分鐘。2.在試卷和答題卡上準確填寫學校名稱、姓名和準考證號。3.答案一律填寫在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效。4.考試結束,將試卷和答題卡一并交回。可能用到的相對原子質量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 S 32 Cl 35.5 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 第Ⅰ卷(選擇題 共25分)一、選擇題(每小題只有一個選項符合題意,共25個小題,每小題1分,共25分。)1.空氣中體積分數約占21%的是 A.氮氣 B.氧氣 C.二氧化碳 D.稀有氣體2.地殼中含量最多的金屬元素是 A.氧 B.硅 C.鋁 D.鐵]3.下列變化中,屬于化學變化的是 A.冰雪融化 B.鋼鐵生銹 C.干冰升華 D.礦石粉碎4.下列物質的主要成分屬于氧化物的是 A.水晶(SiO2) B.鉆石(C) C.食鹽(NaCl) D.鐘乳石(CaCO3)5.決定元素種類的是] A.核外電子數 B.中子數 C.最外層電子數 D.質子數6.下列生活中常見的物質加入水中,不能形成溶液的是 A.酒精 B.蔗糖 C.小蘇打 D.植物油7.工業上用重鉻酸鉀(K2Cr2O7)制造三氧化二鉻(Cr2O3),三氧化二鉻中鉻元素的化合價為 A.–3 B.+1 C.+3 D.+68.碳酸氫銨(NH4HCO3)是一種化學肥料,它屬于 A.鉀肥 B.磷肥 C.氮肥 D.復合肥9.下列生活用品中,不是有機合成材料制成的是 A.塑料水盆 B.合成橡膠手套 C.滌綸內衣 D.純棉毛巾10.下列化學反應不屬于置換反應的是A.H2+ CuO Cu + H2O B.2Mg + CO2 2MgO + C C.CO + CuO Cu + CO2 D.2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br211.錳元素的相關信息如右圖所示。下列說法中正確的是 A.屬于金屬元素 B.原子核內中子數為25 C.原子的核外電子數為30 D.在地殼中的含量為54.94%12.下列物質的性質與用途沒有直接關系的是A.石墨能導電——用作電極B.稀有氣體化學性質穩定——用作保護氣C.氧氣密度比空氣略大——用于急救病人 D.干冰升華吸熱——用于人工降雨13.下列實驗現象的描述不正確的是A.紅磷在空氣中燃燒,產生大量白煙B.電解水時,正極產生氧氣負極產生氫氣C.鎂和稀鹽酸反應產生無色氣體,放出熱量D.鐵絲在氧氣中燃燒,火星四射,生成黑色固體14.將pH=10的氫氧化鈉溶液加水稀釋后,所得溶液的pH可能是 A.6 B.8 C.11 D.1415.配制一定溶質質量分數的氯化鈉溶液,下列操作不正確的是A B C D16.丙氨酸(C3H7O2N)是一種氨基酸,下列有關丙氨酸的說法正確的是A.含有2個氧原子 B.相對分子質量是89 gC.碳元素的質量分數最大 D.碳、氫元素的質量比為3︰717.下列做法不正確的是A.家用電器著火,立即用水澆滅B.天然氣泄漏,立即關閉閥門并開窗通風C.不慎將燃著的酒精燈碰倒,立即用濕布蓋滅D.稀釋濃硫酸時,將濃硫酸緩慢注入水中并攪拌18.下列物質露置在空氣中一段時間后,質量會減少的是 A.濃鹽酸 B.燒堿 C.濃硫酸 D.生石灰19.下列對應的化學方程式書寫正確的是A.工業上用赤鐵礦(主要成分是Fe2O3)煉鐵:3CO + Fe2O3=3CO2 + 2FeB.用含有還原性鐵粉的麥片補鐵:2Fe + 6HCl=2FeCl3 + 3H2↑C.用氫氧化鈉處理含硫酸的廢水:NaOH + H2SO4=Na2SO4 + H2OD.正常的雨水顯酸性:CO2 + H2O=H2CO320.下列實驗現象不能說明裝置氣密性良好的是A B C D21.類推是常用的思維方法。以下類推正確的是A.離子是帶電荷的粒子,所以帶電荷的粒子一定是離子B.有機物都含碳元素,所以含碳元素的化合物一定是有機物C.中和反應生成鹽和水,所以生成鹽和水的反應一定是中和反應D.單質由同種元素組成,所以由同種元素組成的純凈物一定是單質22.下列實驗操作中,能達到實驗目的的是選項實驗目的實驗操作A將硬水轉化成軟水向硬水中加入絮凝劑,過濾B除去CaO中的CaCO3加入足量的水,充分溶解,過濾C證明可燃物燃燒需要氧氣向80℃熱水中的白磷通氧氣D除去稀鹽酸中混有的少量BaCl2溶液加入適量的CuSO4溶液,過濾23.“碳捕捉技術”是指通過一定的方法,將工業生產中產生的CO2分離出來進行儲存和利用。用足量的NaOH溶液“捕捉”CO2,其過程的示意圖如下(部分條件及物質未標出)。下列有關該過程的敘述正確的是 A.該過程可實現CO2零排放 B.整個過程中,至少發生了4個化學反應 C.整個過程中,只有1種物質可以循環利用 D.“反應并分離”的過程中,分離物質的操作是蒸發、結晶24.下列圖像不能正確反映對應變化關系的是A.向一定量的二氧化錳中加入過氧化氫溶液B. 加熱一定量的高錳酸鉀固體C.在一定量AgNO3和Cu(NO3)2的混合溶液中加入鐵粉D.將水通電一段時間25.取一定量Fe2O3與Al2O3的混合物,加入含溶質9.8 g的稀硫酸,恰好完全反應。原混合物中氧元素的質量是 A.0.8 g B.1.6 g C.3.2 g D.6.4 g第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題 共55分)二、填空題(共5個小題,共30分。)26.(6分)從化學的視角認識生活中的有關問題。(1)紫薯營養豐富,富含淀粉、蛋白質、維生素、鋅、鐵、鈣、硒等。其中能給人體提供能量的是 ;“鋅、鈣、硒”是指 (填“單質”、“元素”或“分子”)。(2) 奶制品、豆類和蝦皮等含有豐富的鈣,是常見的補鈣食物。青少年缺鈣會導致 。(3)自來水廠凈水過程中常用活性炭,活性炭的主要作用是 。(4)洗滌劑能清洗餐具上的油污,這是因為洗滌劑具有 功能。(5)家庭生活中常見的垃圾有:①易拉罐 ②廢報紙 ③爛菜葉 ④礦泉水瓶,其中屬于可回收的垃圾是 (填序號)。27.(5分)能源、環境與人類的生活和社會發展密切相關。(1)目前,人類以化石燃料為主要能源。煤、石油和_____是常見的化石燃料。(2) 隨著全球能源使用量的不斷增長,人類正在開發新能源,如潮汐能、核能、 (填1種即可)等。(3)將煤轉化為水煤氣可以提高其利用率,水煤氣中的一氧化碳完全燃燒反應的化學方程式是 。(4)甲烷和水反應也可以制水煤氣,其反應的微觀示意圖如下所示:① 該反應的化學方程式是 。② 下列對該反應的敘述正確的是 (填序號)。 a.反應前后分子個數不變 b.該反應中含氫元素的化合物有2種 c.反應前后各元素的化合價均不變 d.若有24 g的A參加反應,則生成D的質量為9 g28.(6分)食鹽在生產和生活中具有廣泛的用途。(1)去除粗鹽中難溶性的雜質,主要實驗步驟有:溶解、過濾、 。在過濾操作中,玻璃棒的作用是 。(2)曬鹽場經常利用晾曬海水得到粗鹽和鹵水。鹵水的主要成分及其溶解度的變化如右圖。將t1℃時3種物質的飽和溶液升溫到t2℃時,3種溶液溶質的質量分數由小到大的順序是 。(3)將純凈的氯化鈉配制成溶液。20℃時,向4個盛有200 g水的燒杯中,分別加入一定質量的氯化鈉并充分溶解。4組實驗數據如下:實驗序號①②③④加入氯化鈉的質量/g9368190溶液質量/g209236272272若將①中得到的溶液稀釋成質量分數為0.9%的生理鹽水,需加水的質量是 g。關于上述實驗的敘述正確的是 (填序號)。a.①②所得溶液是不飽和溶液 b.③④所得溶液中,溶質的質量分數相等c.20℃時,200 g水中最多溶解氯化鈉的質量為72 g d.20℃時,將④繼續恒溫蒸發100 g水,過濾,得到質量為36 g的固體29.(7分)金屬在生產生活中應用廣泛。(1)鋁可以制成鋁箔,這是利用金屬鋁具有良好的 性。(2)鐵制品生銹的條件是 ,用稀鹽酸除鐵銹反應的化學方程式是 。(3)我國是世界上最早采用濕法冶金提取銅的國家,鐵與硫酸銅溶液反應的化學方程式是 。工業上冶煉鋁,是將鋁礦石(主要成分是Al2O3)在熔融條件下通電分解,其反應的化學方程式是 。(4) 現有兩種金屬單質組成的混合物。向100 g某稀鹽酸中加入該混合物,混合物的質量與生成氫氣的質量關系如右圖所示。下列說法正確的是 (填序號)。 a.若混合物為Zn、Al,則m可能是0.2 g b.若混合物為Zn、Cu,則m一定大于0.2 g c.若混合物為Fe、Al,則稀鹽酸中溶質質量分數一定大于7.3% d.若混合物為Fe、Cu,m為0.1 g,則該混合物中Fe的質量分數一定是50%30.(6分)甲、乙、丙、丁4種無色溶液,分別是酚酞溶液、稀鹽酸、氫氧化鈣溶液、氫氧化鈉溶液、碳酸鈉溶液、氯化鈉溶液6種溶液中的一種。已知:甲、乙混合無明顯現象,溶液X、Y中只含同一種金屬元素,碳酸鈉溶液呈堿性。根據下圖回答問題。(1)產生無色氣體反應的化學方程式是 ,丁一定是 溶液。(2)① 若溶液X為紅色,則甲、乙分別是 溶液。 ② 若溶液X為無色,向溶液Y中加入一定量的甲,能得到乙。則乙是 溶液,溶液X中的溶質是 ,向溶液Y中加入一定量的甲,一定發生反應的化學方程式是 。三、實驗題(共3個小題,共19分。)31.(5分)根據下列實驗裝置回答問題。 (1)儀器甲的名稱是 。(2)實驗室制取二氧化碳,應選擇的裝置是 (填序號),制取該氣體反應的化學方程式是 。(3)若實驗室用裝置A制取氧氣,檢驗氧氣已收集滿的方法是 。若實驗室用裝置C制取氧氣,其反應的化學方程式是 。32.(7分)興趣小組根據老師提供的實驗裝置進行如下實驗。(試劑均足量,假設各步反應均完全,裝置可重復使用,部分夾持裝置已省略,組合裝置氣密性良好。)(1)甲組同學利用A中產生的氧氣驗證B中的黑色粉末是炭粉。① A中反應的化學方程式是 。② 為完成此實驗,除用裝置A、B外,還需要補充的裝置有 (填裝置序號)。③ 說明黑色粉末是炭粉的反應的化學方程式是 。(2)A中燒瓶內的氣體可能含有CO、CO2、CH4中的一種或幾種,為確定燒瓶內氣體的成分,乙組同學進行如下實驗:【資料】甲烷和氧化銅反應的化學方程式為:CH4 + 4CuO 4Cu + CO2 + 2H2OI. 將3.0 g的濃氫氧化鈉溶液滴入燒瓶中,充分反應;II.按A→C→B→C→D的順序連接裝置,打開K1,從K1處通入氮氣,打開K2,排盡B中空氣,加熱B中足量的氧化銅固體,充分反應;III.反應結束后,測得燒瓶中溶液的質量為3.1 g,B中固體的質量減少了0.32 g,第二個C裝置的質量增加了0.18 g。①打開K2前通入氮氣的目的是 。② 兩個裝置C中試劑相同,裝置C中的試劑名稱是 。③ 燒瓶中氣體的成分是 。33.(7分)研究鹽類物質的性質時,甲、乙、丙三位同學分別向NaHCO3溶液中滴加石灰水,均產生白色沉淀。他們分別設計實驗方案,對自己過濾后的濾液中溶質的成分進行如下探究。【實驗準備】用一定溶質的質量分數的NaHCO3溶液、NaOH溶液和Na2CO3溶液進行如下實驗,為設計實驗方案提供參考。NaHCO3溶液NaOH溶液Na2CO3溶液加入酚酞溶液溶液變紅現象Ⅰ溶液變紅加入CuSO4溶液產生氣泡和藍色沉淀現象Ⅱ產生氣泡和藍色沉淀加入CaCl2溶液無明顯變化無明顯變化產生白色沉淀加熱溶液至沸騰,將氣體通入澄清石灰水澄清石灰水變渾濁澄清石灰水無明顯變化澄清石灰水無明顯變化表中的現象Ⅰ為 ;現象Ⅱ為產生藍色沉淀,對應反應的化學方程式是 。【查閱資料】(1)氯化鈣溶液顯中性。(2)濾液中所含的溶質有以下幾種可能:①NaOH;②Na2CO3;③NaOH和Ca(OH)2;④Na2CO3和NaHCO3;⑤Na2CO3和NaOH【實驗及分析】甲同學:取少量濾液于試管中,滴加過量的稀鹽酸,產生大量無色氣泡,則濾液中的溶質是Na2CO3。乙同學:取少量濾液于試管中,向其中通入少量CO2,產生白色沉淀,則濾液中的溶質是NaOH和Ca (OH)2。 丙同學:分別取少量濾液于兩支試管中,向一支試管中滴加CaCl2溶液,有白色沉淀產生;將另一支試管中的濾液加熱至沸騰,將產生的氣體通入澄清石灰水,澄清石灰水變渾濁,則濾液中的溶質是Na2CO3和NaHCO3。【反思與評價】(1)老師認為乙、丙同學的實驗方案和結論合理。① 丙同學的實驗中,加入CaCl2溶液的目的是 。② 根據乙同學的結論,NaHCO3溶液與澄清石灰水反應的化學方程式是 。(2)老師認為甲同學的實驗方案和結論存在不足。丁同學通過以下實驗幫助甲同學確認了濾液中溶質的成分。實驗操作實驗現象實驗結論____________濾液中的溶質是Na2CO3和NaOH(3)結合此次探究活動,你認為下列說法正確的是_____(填字母序號)。a.鹽溶液可能顯堿性b.化學反應的產物與反應物的量有關c.堿和鹽反應一定生成另外一種堿和另外一種鹽 d.判斷溶液混合后的成分不僅要考慮產物,還要考慮反應物是否過量四、計算題(共2個小題,共6分。)34.過氧化鈉是常用的供氧劑,可將CO2轉化為O2,其反應的化學方程式是:2Na2O2 + 2CO2=2Na2CO3 + O2。若有88 g CO2參加反應,計算生成O2的質量。35.據報道,在通入空氣并加熱的條件下,銅與稀硫酸反應轉化為硫酸銅。(1)請完成該反應的化學方程式:2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 2CuSO4 + (2)某同學想利用此反應,將80 g含銅80%的廢料轉化為10%的硫酸銅溶液,計算需要加入10%的稀硫酸和水的質量(假設雜質不參加反應,也不溶于水)。北京市西城區2013年初三一模 化學試卷參考答案及評分標準 2013.5一、選擇題(每小題只有1個選項符合題意。共25個小題,每小題1分,共25分。)題號l2345678910答案BCBA DDCCDC題號1l121314151617181920答案ACBBBCA A D C題號2122232425答案DCBCB說明:除特別注明外,每空1分。其他合理答案參照本標準給分。二、填空題(共5小題,共30分。)26.(6分)(1)淀粉(糖類)、蛋白質 元素 (2)佝僂病 (3)吸附 (4)乳化 (5)①②④27.(5分)(1)天然氣 (2)風能 (3)2CO + O2 2CO2 (4)①CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 ②bd28.(6分)(1)蒸發 引流 (2)KCl溶液、MgSO4溶液、MgCl2溶液 (3)791 abc(0,1,2分)29.(7分)(1)延展 (2)與潮濕的空氣接觸 Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O(3)Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu 2Al2O3 4Al+ 3O2↑ (4)acd(0,1,2分)30.(6分)(1)Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2↑ Ca(OH)2 (2)①稀鹽酸和酚酞 ②氯化鈉 氯化鈉和碳酸鈉 HCl + NaOH= NaCl + H2O三、實驗題(共3小題,共19分。)31.(5分)(1)試管 (2)A CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2↑ (3)將帶火星的木條放在集氣瓶口,若木條復燃證明已滿2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2↑ 32.(7分)(1)①2H2O2 2H2O + O2↑ ②CD ③C + O2 CO2 Ca(OH)2+ CO2 = CaCO3↓+ H2O(2)①防止倒吸 ②濃硫酸 ③ CO2 和CH4(0,2分)33.(7分)【實驗準備】溶液變紅 CuSO4+ 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2↓+ Na2SO4【反思與評價】(1) ①檢驗Na2CO3 ②NaHCO3+ Ca(OH)2= NaOH +CaCO3↓+ H2O(2) 丁同學(2分,每步操作和現象均答全者給1分)實驗操作實驗現象實驗結論①取少量濾液于試管中,加入過量CaCl2溶液②過濾,向濾液中滴加CuSO4溶液①有白色沉淀生成②只產生藍色沉淀,無氣泡溶質是Na2CO3和NaOH(3)abd四、計算題(共2小題,每題3分,共6分。)34.(3分)解:設生成O2的質量為。2Na2O2 + 2CO2=2Na2CO3 + O2 2×44 32 88 g ……………… (1分) 答:略。35.(3分)(1)2H2O(2)解:設生成硫酸銅的質量為x,生成水的質量y,消耗H2SO4的質量為z。 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 = 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 128 196 320 36 80g×80% z x y —— = —— = —— = —— =160 g y =18 g z = 98 g 稀硫酸溶液的質量= = 980 g … ……………… (1分)硫酸銅溶液的質量= = 1600 g 加入水的質量= 1600 g―160 g―18 g―980 g×90% = 540 g ………………… (1分) 答:略。北京市西城區2013年初三一模試卷 數 學 2013. 5考生須知1.本試卷共6頁,共五道大題,25道小題,滿分120分。考試時間120分鐘。2.在試卷和答題卡上準確填寫學校名稱、姓名和準考證號。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上,選擇題、作圖題用2B鉛筆作答,其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結束,將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。一、選擇題(本題共32分,每小題4分)下面各題均有四個選項,其中只有一個是符合題意的.1.的相反數是A. B. C.3 D.2.上海原世博園區最大單體建筑“世博軸”被改造成一個綜合性商業中心,該項目營業面積約130 000平方米,130 000用科學記數法表示應為 A.1.3×105 B.1.3×104 C.13×104 D.0.13×1063.如圖,AF是∠BAC的平分線,EF∥AC交AB于點E.若∠1=25°,則的度數為 A.15° B.50° C.25° D.12.5°4.在一個不透明的盒子中裝有3個紅球、2個黃球和1個綠球,這些球除顏色外,沒有任何其他區別,現從這個盒子中隨機摸出一個球,摸到黃球的概率為 A. B. C. D.15.若菱形的對角線長分別為6和8,則該菱形的邊長為 A.5 B.6 C.8 D.106.某中學籃球隊12名隊員的年齡情況如下:年齡(單位:歲)1415161718人數14232 則該隊隊員年齡的眾數和中位數分別是A.16,15 B.15,15.5 C.15,17 D.15,167.由一些大小相同的小正方體搭成的一個幾何體的三視圖如圖所示,則構成這個幾何體的小正方體共有A.6個B.7個C.8個D.9個8.如圖,在矩形ABCD中,AB=2,BC=4.將矩形ABCD繞點C沿順時針方向旋轉90°后,得到矩形FGCE(點A、B、D的對應點分別為點F、G、E).動點P從點B開始沿BC-CE運動到點E后停止,動點Q從點E開始沿EF-FG運動到點G后停止,這兩點的運動速度均為每秒1個單位.若點P和點Q同時開始運動,運動時間為x(秒),△APQ的面積為y,則能夠正確反映y與x之間的函數關系的圖象大致是 A B C D二、填空題(本題共16分,每小題4分)9.函數中,自變量x的取值范圍是 .10.分解因式:= .11.如圖,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,BD⊥DC,∠C=45°.若AD=2,BC=8,則AB的長為 .12.在平面直角坐標系xOy中,有一只電子青蛙在點A(1,0)處.第一次,它從點A先向右跳躍1個單位,再向上跳躍1個單位到達點A1;第二次,它從點A1先向左跳躍2個單位,再向下跳躍2個單位到達點A2;第三次,它從點A2先向右跳躍3個單位,再向上跳躍3個單位到達點A3;第四次,它從點A3先向左跳躍4個單位,再向下跳躍4個單位到達點A4;……依此規律進行,點A6的坐標為 ;若點An的坐標為(2013,2012),則n= .三、解答題(本題共30分,每小題5分)13.計算:.14.解不等式組 并求它的所有整數解. 15.如圖,點C在線段AB上,△DAC和△DBE都是等邊三角形. (1) 求證:△DAB≌△DCE;(2) 求證:DA∥EC. 16.已知,求的值.17.如圖,在平面直角坐標系xOy中,正比例函數與反比例函數的圖象在第二象限交于點A,且點A的橫坐標為 .(1) 求反比例函數的解析式;(2) 點B的坐標為(-3,0),若點P在y軸上,且△AOB的面積與△AOP的面積相等,直接寫出點P的坐標.18.列方程(組)解應用題:某工廠原計劃生產2400臺空氣凈化器,由于天氣的影響,空氣凈化器的需求量呈上升趨勢,生產任務的數量增加了1200臺.工廠在實際生產中,提高了生產效率,每天比原計劃多生產10臺,實際完成生產任務的天數是原計劃天數的1.2倍.求原計劃每天生產多少臺空氣凈化器.四、解答題(本題共20分,每小題5分)19.如圖,平行四邊形ABCD的對角線AC、BD交于點O, AC⊥AB,AB=2,且AC︰BD=2︰3. (1) 求AC的長; (2) 求△AOD的面積.20.如圖,在△ABC中,AB=AC,以AC為直徑作⊙O交BC于點D,過點D作FE⊥AB于點E,交AC的延長線于點F. (1) 求證:EF與⊙O相切; (2) 若AE=6,sin∠CFD=,求EB的長.21.近年來,北京郊區依托豐富的自然和人文資源,大力開發建設以農業觀光園為主體的多類型休閑旅游項目,京郊旅游業迅速崛起,農民的收入逐步提高.以下是根據北京市統計局2013年1月發布的“北京市主要經濟社會發展指標”的相關數據繪制的統計圖表的一部分.年份年增長率(精確到1%)2009年12%2010年2011年22%2012年24% 請根據以上信息解答下列問題: (1) 北京市2010年農業觀光園經營年收入的年增長率是 ;(結果精確到1%) (2) 請補全條形統計圖并在圖中標明相應數據;(結果精確到0.1) (3) 如果從2012年以后,北京市農業觀光園經營年收入都按30%的年增長率增長,請 你估算,若經營年收入要不低于2008年的4倍,至少要到 年.(填寫年份)22.先閱讀材料,再解答問題: 小明同學在學習與圓有關的角時了解到:在同圓或等圓中,同弧(或等弧)所對的圓周角相等.如圖,點A、B、C、D均為⊙O上的點,則有∠C=∠D.小明還發現,若點E在⊙O外,且與點D在直線AB同側,則有∠D>∠E. 請你參考小明得出的結論,解答下列問題:(1) 如圖1,在平面直角坐標系xOy中,點A的坐標為(0,7),點B的坐標為(0,3), 點C的坐標為(3,0) . ①在圖1中作出△ABC的外接圓(保留必要的作圖痕跡,不寫作法);②若在軸的正半軸上有一點D,且∠ACB =∠ADB,則點D的坐標為 ; (2) 如圖2,在平面直角坐標系xOy中,點A的坐標為(0,m),點B的坐標為(0,n),其中m>n>0.點P為軸正半軸上的一個動點,當∠APB達到最大時,直接寫出此時點P的坐標.五、解答題(本題共22分,第23題7分,第24題7分,第25題8分)23.已知關于的一元二次方程. (1) 求證:無論為任何實數,此方程總有兩個不相等的實數根;(2) 拋物線與軸的一個交點的橫坐標為,其中,將拋物線向右平移個單位,再向上平移個單位,得到拋物線.求拋物線的解析式;(3) 點A(m,n)和B(n,m)都在(2)中拋物線C2上,且A、B兩點不重合,求代數式的值.24.在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠ABC=,點P在△ABC的內部.(1) 如圖1,AB=2AC,PB=3,點M、N分別在AB、BC邊上,則cos=_______, △PMN周長的最小值為_______;(2) 如圖2,若條件AB=2AC不變,而PA=,PB=,PC=1,求△ABC的面積;(3) 若PA=,PB=,PC=,且,直接寫出∠APB的度數.25.如圖1,在平面直角坐標系xOy中,直線l:與軸、軸分別交于點A和點B(0,-1),拋物線經過點B,且與直線l的另一個交點為C(4,n). (1) 求的值和拋物線的解析式;(2) 點D在拋物線上,且點D的橫坐標為t(0< t <4).DE∥y軸交直線l于點E,點F在直線l上,且四邊形DFEG為矩形(如圖2).若矩形DFEG的周長為p,求p與t的函數關系式以及p的最大值;(3) M是平面內一點,將△AOB繞點M沿逆時針方向旋轉90°后,得到△A1O1B1,點A、O、B的對應點分別是點A1、O1、B1.若△A1O1B1的兩個頂點恰好落在拋物線上,請直接寫出點A1的橫坐標.圖1 圖2北京市西城區2013年初三一模試卷 數學答案及評分參考 2013. 5一、選擇題(本題共32分,每小題4分)題號12345678答案CACBADCA二、填空題(本題共16分,每小題4分)9101112x≥3(-2, -3),4023 (各2分)三、解答題(本題共30分,每小題5分)13.解:原式=. ………………………………………………4分 =. ………………………………………………… 5分14.解: 由①得. …………………………………………………………1分 由②得. …………………………………………………………3分 ∴ 原不等式組的解集是. ………………………………… 4分 ∴ 它的整數解為4,5,6. ………………………………………… 5分15. 證明:(1)如圖1. ∵△DAC和△DBE都是等邊三角形,∴DA=DC,DB=DE, …………1分∠ADC=∠BDE=60o . ∴∠ADC+∠CDB=∠BDE+∠CDB, 即∠ADB=∠CDE. ……………2分 在△DAB和△DCE中, ∴ △DAB≌△DCE. ………………………………………… 3 分 (2)∵△DAB≌△DCE,∴ ∠A=∠DCE=60° . ……………………………………… 4分∵∠ADC=60°,∴ ∠DCE =∠ADC. ∴DA∥EC. ………………………………………………… 5分16. 解:原式= ..….….….…. …..…………..……………………2分=. ………………………………………………………… 3分 ∵ , ∴ . ∴ 原式=. ……………………………………………… 5分17. 解:(1)∵正比例函數的圖象經過點A,且點A的橫坐標為, ∴點A的縱坐標為3. …………………………………………… 1分 ∵反比例函數的圖象經過點A(), ∴. ∴. ……………………………………………………… 2分 ∴. ……………………………………………………… 3分(2)點P的坐標為或. ……………………………… 5分18.解:設原計劃每天生產空氣凈化器臺. ……………………………………1分 依題意得 . …………………………………… 2分 解得. …………………………………………………………… 3分 經檢驗,是原方程的解,并且符合題意. ……………………… 4分答: 原計劃每天生產空氣凈化器40臺. ……………………………………………5分四、解答題(本題共20分,每小題5分)19.解:(1)如圖2.∵平行四邊形ABCD的對角線AC、BD交于點O, ∴OA= AC,OB= BD . …………… 1分 ∵AC︰BD=2︰3, ∴OA︰OB=2︰3 .設OA=2x (x >0),則OB=3x. ∵AC⊥AB,∴∠BAC =90°.在Rt△OAB中,OA2+AB2=OB2. …………………………………… 2分∵AB=2,∴(2x)2+22=(3x)2 .解得x=±(舍負).∴AC=2OA= . …………………………………………………… 3分(2)∵平行四邊形ABCD的對角線AC、BD交于點O,∴OB=OD.∴S△AOD= S△AOB= AO·AB = ××2= . ……………………… 5分20.(1)證明:連接OD . (如圖3) ∵OC=OD,∴∠OCD=∠ODC. ∵AB=AC,∴∠ACB=∠B.∴∠ODC=∠B.∴OD∥AB. …………………………………………………………… 1分∴∠ODF=∠AEF. ∵EF⊥AB, ∴∠ODF =∠AEF =90°.∴OD⊥EF . ∵OD為⊙O的半徑, ∴EF與⊙O相切. ………………………………………………2分 (2)解:由(1)知:OD∥AB,OD⊥EF .在Rt△AEF中,sin∠CFD = = ,AE=6.∴AF=10. ………………………………………………………………3分∵OD∥AB,∴△ODF∽△AEF.∴.設⊙O的半徑為r,∴ = .解得r= . ……………………………………………………………… 4分∴AB= AC=2r = . ∴EB=AB-AE= -6= . ………… 5 分 21.解:(1)17%; ……………………………2分 (2)所補數據為21.7; ……………………3分 補全統計圖如圖4; ………………… 4分(3)2015. ………………………… 5分22.解:(1)①如圖5; ………………………… 1分 ②點D的坐標為; ………………… 3分(2)點P的坐標為. ……………… 5分五、解答題(本題共22分,第23題7分,第24題7分,第25題8分)23.(1)證明:∵, …………………………………1分 而, ∴,即. ∴無論為任何實數,此方程總有兩個不相等的實數根. …………2分(2)解:∵當時,, ∴. ∴,即.∵, ∴. ………………………………………………………… 3分∴拋物線的解析式為.∴拋物線的頂點為.∴拋物線的頂點為.∴拋物線的解析式為. …………………………4分(3)解:∵點A(,)和B(,)都在拋物線上, ∴,且. ∴. ∴. ∴. ∵A、B兩點不重合,即, ∴. ∴. ……………………………………………………… 5分∵,, ∴ ………………………………………………………………6分. ………………………………………………………………7分24.解:(1)=,△PMN周長的最小值為 3 ; ………………………2分 (2)分別將△PAB、△PBC、△PAC沿直線AB、BC、AC翻折,點P的對稱點分別是點D、E、F,連接DE、DF,(如圖6) 則△PAB≌△DAB,△PCB≌△ECB,△PAC≌△FAC. ∴AD=AP=AF, BD=BP=BE,CE=CP=CF. ∵由(1)知∠ABC=30°,∠BAC=60°,∠ACB=90°, ∴∠DBE=2∠ABC=60°,∠DAF=2∠BAC=120°, ∠FCE=2∠ACB=180°. ∴△DBE是等邊三角形,點F、C、E共線. ∴DE=BD=BP=,EF=CE+CF=2CP=2. ∵△ADF中,AD=AF=,∠DAF=120°, ∴∠ADF=∠AFD=30°.∴DF=AD =. ∴. ∴∠DFE=90°. ………………………………………………………4分 ∵, ∴. ∴. ……………………………………………5分 (3)∠APB=150°. ………………………………………………………… 7分 說明:作BM⊥DE于M,AN⊥DF于N.(如圖7) 由(2)知∠DBE=,∠DAF=. ∵BD=BE=,AD=AF=, ∴∠DBM=,∠DAN=. ∴∠1=,∠3=. ∴DM =,DN=. ∴DE=DF=EF. ∴∠2=60°. ∴∠APB=∠BDA=∠1+∠2+∠3=150°.25.解:(1)∵直線l:經過點B(0,), ∴. ∴直線l的解析式為. ∵直線l:經過點C(4,n),∴. ………………………………………………1分 ∵拋物線經過點C(4,2)和點B(0,), ∴ 解得 ∴拋物線的解析式為. …………………………2分 (2)∵直線l:與x軸交于點A, ∴點A的坐標為(,0). ∴OA=.在Rt△OAB中,OB=1, ∴AB==. ∵DE∥軸, ∴∠OBA=∠FED. ∵矩形DFEG中,∠DFE=90°, ∴∠DFE=∠AOB=90°. ∴△OAB∽△FDE. ∴. ∴, . …………………………………………4分 ∴=2(FD+ FE)=. ∵D(,),E(,),且, ∴. ∴. …………………………… 5分 ∵,且, ∴當時,有最大值. …………………………………… 6分 (3)點A1的橫坐標為或. ……………………………………………8分 說明:兩種情況參看圖9和圖10,其中O1B1與軸平行,O1A1與軸平行. 北京市西城區2013年初三一模試卷物 理 2013.5一、單項選擇題(下列各小題均有四個選項,其中只有一個選項符合題意。共28分,每小題2分)1.在以下四位物理學家中,以其名字命名電阻的單位的是A.安培 B.焦耳 C.歐姆 D.伏特 2.通常情況下,下列物品中屬于導體的是 A.陶瓷碗 B.食用油 C.橡膠手套 D.不銹鋼勺 3.以下四種現象中,屬于光的折射現象的是A.人站在陽光下,地面上出現人影 B.從不同方向能看到黑板上的文字 C.用放大鏡觀察到郵票的圖案被放大 D.水面上出現岸邊青山的“倒影” 4.下列用電器中,主要利用電流熱效應工作的是A.平板電腦 B.電飯鍋 C.電視機 D.電風扇 5.下列四個實例中,目的是為了增大摩擦的是A.給門軸加潤滑油 B.磁懸浮列車懸浮行駛 C.行李箱下裝有滾輪 D.騎自行車的人剎車時用力捏閘 6.下列物態變化的實例中,屬于汽化的是A.深秋草葉上結出“白霜” B.洗過的濕衣服被晾干C.水沸騰時壺口冒“白氣” D.衣柜中的樟腦球變小 7.在圖1所示的四種用具中,正常使用時屬于省力杠桿的是 8.關于安全用電,下列說法正確的是A.使用試電筆,手應觸碰筆尾金屬體 B.有人觸電時,用手把觸電人拉開 C.空氣開關跳閘,說明電路中出現短路 D.在家庭電路中,冰箱和電視是串聯9.下列熱現象中,通過熱傳遞改變物體內能的是A.兩手相互摩擦,手發熱 B.用火爐燒水,水的溫度升高C.用鋸鋸木頭,鋸條發熱 D.用砂輪磨菜刀,菜刀的溫度升高10.關于聲現象,下列說法正確的是A.聲音傳播需要介質,真空不能傳播聲音 B.聲音在空氣中傳播最快C.聲源振幅越大,發出聲音的音調就越高 D.樂器發出的聲音不會成為噪聲 11.教室里投影儀的光源是強光燈泡,發光時溫度很高,必須用風扇給予降溫。設計要求:風扇不轉,燈泡不能發光。風扇的電動機啟動后,燈泡才能通電發光;燈泡熄滅后,風扇能繼續工作。如圖2所示的四個簡化電路圖中,符合上述設計要求的是12.下列關于溫度、熱量和內能的說法中正確的是A.零攝氏度的物體,它可能沒有內能 B.物體溫度不變,它的內能一定不變C.物體吸收熱量,它的溫度可能不變 D.物體內能增加,它一定吸收熱量 13.如圖3所示,把標有“9V 5.4W”和“6V 2W”字樣的甲、乙兩個小燈泡連接在電路中,且燈絲電阻不變,電表①②③可能是電流表或電壓表。要求:在閉合開關S后,兩燈泡均能發光,則下列判斷中正確的是A.①②為電流表,③為電壓表,甲燈的功率比乙燈大B.①③為電流表,②為電壓表,甲燈的功率比乙燈小C.①②為電壓表,③為電流表,乙燈的功率比甲燈小D.①③為電壓表,②為電流表,乙燈的功率比甲燈大14.水平桌面上有甲、乙兩個相同的圓柱形容器,分別裝有水和酒精。有兩個重分別為GA、GB的實心長方體A、B,它們的底面積均為S,高度比為2∶3,密度比為2∶1。如圖4所示,將A、B兩物體分別用細線懸掛并浸在甲、乙兩容器的液體中。兩物體靜止時,甲、乙兩容器底部所受液體的壓強相等,且物體A、B的下底面距容器底的距離分別為h1和h2,物體A、B底部受液體的壓強分別為pA和pB,兩物體所受液體的浮力分別為FA和FB,細線對A、B的拉力分別為TA和TB。取出物體A、B后,甲、乙兩容器底所受液體的壓力分別為F甲和F乙。已知酒精密度是水密度的0.8倍,h1=2h2=0.1m,S=10cm2。則下列正確的是(g取10N/kg)A.pB-pA=600Pa,TA<TBB.FB-FA=0.6N,F甲>F乙C.F甲-F乙=1.2N,FA<FB D.GA∶GB=4∶3,F甲<F乙 二、多項選擇題(下列各小題均有四個選項,其中符合題意的選項均多于一個。共12分,每小題3分。每小題選項全選對的得3分,選對但不全的得2分,有錯選的不得分)15.關于電磁現象,下列說法中正確的是A.電流周圍存在磁場 B.磁場的方向由磁感線的方向決定 C.地磁場的北極在地理的南極附近 D.發電機是根據電磁感應現象制成的16.下列說法中正確的是A.分子在永不停息的做無規則運動 B.分子間相互作用的引力與斥力同時存在C.兩個物體吸收相等的熱量,比熱容小的,溫度升高的多D.質量相同的燃料完全燃燒,熱值越大的,放出的熱量越多 17.2012年9月23日,中國首艘航母“遼寧”號正式交付海軍,開始服役。航母艦載機在甲板上起飛和降落難度很大,被喻為“刀尖上的舞蹈”。當艦載機降落時,飛機尾鉤必須掛住甲板上的阻攔索,如圖5所示,數秒內就使飛機在甲板上停下來。下列說法中正確的是 A.被阻攔索掛住后減速的飛機能向前滑行,是由于飛機具有慣性 B.被阻攔索掛住后減速的飛機能向前滑行,是由于飛機受到的合力向前 C.飛機被阻攔索掛住后能迅速停下來,是由于飛機受到的合力向后D.飛機被阻攔索掛住后能迅速停下來,是由于飛機受到的阻力大于慣性18.如圖6甲所示,帶有滑輪的物體A放置在粗糙水平地面上,質量為m的電動機固定在物體A上,通過滑輪水平勻速拉動物體A,物體A移動速度為v甲,移動距離為s甲,電動機做功為W1,電動機的功率為P1,對繩的拉力為T1,電動機收繩速度為v1;如圖6乙所示,將電動機固定在地面上,使電動機通過滑輪水平勻速拉動物體A,物體A移動速度為v乙,移動距離為s乙,電動機做功為W2,電動機的功率為P2,對繩的拉力為T2,電動機收繩速度為v2。已知地面粗糙程度相同,s甲=s乙 ,P1=P2,不計繩重及滑輪與軸的摩擦。則下列判斷正確的是A.T1 W2 C.v1>v2 D.v甲三、填空題(共12分,每小題2分)19.“老花眼”所佩戴眼鏡的鏡片應為________透鏡。(選填“凸”或“凹”)20.如圖7所示是北京郊區官廳風力發電場的巨大的風車。這種裝置可以利 用風能帶動扇葉轉動,并把風車的機械能轉化為________能。 21.如圖8所示,地鐵站臺地面上畫有黃色的“安全線”,提示乘客應站在線后等車。這是由于進站的列車帶動周圍空氣,使車體四周空氣流速較大,列車附近氣體的壓強________大氣壓,因此候車的乘客太靠近列車會有危險。(選填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)22.加熱10kg的冷水,使水溫升高20℃,則冷水至少要吸收_______J的熱量。[已知:水的比熱容為4.2×103J/(kg ·℃)] 23.小明放學可乘地鐵回家,或者讓爸爸開私家車接他回家。若乘地鐵:小明要先從學校步行3min到地鐵站;乘坐地鐵的平均速度為10m/s,路程為7.2km;到站后再步行3min到家。若爸爸開車接他,放學擁擠的馬路上汽車的平均速度只有18km/h,開車從學校到小明家的距離為12km。則小明乘坐地鐵比乘私家車回家要節省_______min的時間。24.如圖9所示電路,電源兩端電壓U=8V,且保持不變,定值電 阻R1的阻值為8Ω,L為標有“6V 3W”的小燈泡,不考慮燈絲電阻隨溫度的變化。滑動變阻器R2的阻值范圍是0~20Ω,電流表量程為0~0.6A,電壓表量程為0~3V,閉合開關S后,要求燈L兩端的電壓不超過額定電壓,且兩電表的示數均不超過各自的量程,則小燈泡L消耗電功率的變化范圍是_______W。 四、實驗與探究題(共35分。33題、35題各2分;36題5分。其他小題每空1分,每圖1分。)25.(1)請畫出圖10中物體A所受重力G的示意圖。(2)請根據通電螺線管附近小磁針N、S極,畫出圖11中電源的正負極。(3)請根據光的反射定律,在圖12中畫出入射光線AO的反射光線OB。(4)站在地上的人用如圖13所示滑輪組提升重物,請畫出人向下拉繩時滑輪組的繞線。26.(1)如圖14所示,物體A的長度是________cm。(2)如圖15所示,溫度計的示數是________℃。(3)如圖16所示,彈簧測力計的示數是________N。27.如圖17所示,在甲圖的實驗中,當閉合開關后,可以觀察到磁場中的金屬棒ab在導軌上運動,這說明磁場對通電導體________。乙圖中的電磁繼電器是利用________來控制工作電路的一種開關,當S閉合時,________(選填“電熱器”或“電動機”)工作。28.小麗在探究凸透鏡成像規律時,將一個凸透鏡固定在光具座上50cm刻線處。如圖18所示,點燃的蠟燭在光具座上36cm刻線處時,移動光屏,使燭焰在光屏上成放大、倒立的像,此現象可說明(((((((((的成像特點(選填“照相機”、“幻燈機”或“放大鏡”)。小麗將蠟燭移到光具座上20cm刻線處時,移動光屏,燭焰在光屏上可成((((((((、倒立的像(選填“放大”、“縮小”或“等大”)。29.小明在探究平面鏡成像特點的實驗中,先將泡沫塑料板放在水平桌面上,再將白紙平放并固定在泡沫塑料板上,在白紙中間畫一條直線MN,把一塊帶支架的薄透明玻璃板沿直線MN放置,使玻璃板底邊與直線MN重合,如圖19所示。(1)為確定玻璃板是否垂直于紙面,小明應使用((((((((進行檢查。(2)將一支蠟燭點燃作為物體,豎直立在平板玻璃前面的白紙上,將另一支大小完全相同未點燃的蠟燭放到平板玻璃后,應在平板玻璃前從((((((((觀察未點燃的蠟燭,直到它與點燃蠟燭的像((((((((,才算找到像所在的位置。 30.小剛同學做觀察水的沸騰實驗。在實驗中他邊觀察現象,邊記錄實驗數據如下表。根據實驗數據可知:水的沸點為((((((((℃,造成此現象的原因可能是實驗時水面上方的氣壓((((((((1標準大氣壓(選填“低于”、“等于”或“高于”)。水沸騰后,繼續給水加熱,水的溫度((((((((選填“升高”、“不變”或“降低”)。時間t/min012345678910溫度t/℃505866738086919698989831.小軍同學探究定值電阻R消耗的電功率P與通過R的電流I的關系。他設計出實驗電路圖,并按電路圖連接了實驗器材,如圖20所示。 (1)請你根據實物電路連接情況畫出實驗電路圖。(2)電路連接正確后,閉合開關S,小軍發現電壓表有示數,但電流表無示數。由現象可判斷電路中出現的故障是________。A.變阻器短路 B.電阻R短路 C.電流表斷路 D.電阻R斷路 (3)排除故障后,電流表的示數如圖21所示,此時通過電阻R的電流為_______A。(4)小軍根據實驗數據畫出定值電阻R消耗的電功率P隨通過電阻的電流I變化的圖像如圖22所示。請你根據圖像判斷:當電流I為0.2A時,電阻R消耗的電功率P為_______W。32.小萱在實驗室中測量某種礦石的密度。實驗器材:一只有標記線的空燒杯、托盤天平、砝碼盒、足量的水、待測礦石顆粒若干。請你幫小萱把下列實驗步驟補充完整,并寫出計算礦石密度的表達式。(1)取適量的礦石顆粒,用調好的天平測其質量為m1,并記錄;(2)將質量為m1的礦石顆粒裝入空燒杯中,向燒杯中加水到燒杯的標記線。用天平測燒杯的總質量為m2 ,并記錄;(3)將燒杯清空,________,用天平測量燒杯的總質量為m3,并記錄; (4)根據測量數據計算這種礦石的密度ρ石=________。 33.小亮利用如圖23所示裝置進行實驗,探究物體受到彈簧測力計的拉力F與物體下表面浸入水中深度h的關系。實驗中所使用的物體高為24cm。小亮記錄的實驗數據如下表所示。請根據表中數據歸納出彈簧測力計的示數F與物體下表面浸入液體中的深度h的關系:當物體的下表面浸入水中的深度h≤0.24m時,F=________。h/m0.000.040.080.120.160.200.240.280.32F/N9.08.27.46.65.85.04.24.24.234.小華選擇了滿足實驗要求的電源、兩塊電流表和阻值已知的電阻R0,測量電阻RX的阻值,并連接了部分實驗電路,如圖24所示。(1)請你幫小華完成圖24所示的實驗電路的連接,要求:電流表A2測量通過電阻R0的電流。(2)電流表A1、A2的示數分別用I1 、I2表示,請用I1、I2和R0表示RX。RX =________。35.學習了力學知識后,小強認為:“先后作用在同一物體上的兩個力,它們的大小和方向都相同,則這兩個力的作用效果就相同”。現有已調平的輕質杠桿(如圖25所示)、鉤碼一盒。請你選用上述實驗器材設計一個實驗,說明小強的觀點不正確。要求:簡述實驗步驟和實驗現象。36.實驗桌上有如下器材:已經組裝好的傾角固定的斜面和長木板(如圖26所示),小車,毛巾,棉布,刻度尺。請你從上述器材中選用部分器材,設計一個實驗探究:“在受到的阻力大小一定時,小車在水平面上運動的距離s與小車在斜面上由靜止開始下滑的高度h是否成正比”。要求:(1)請寫出實驗步驟。(2)畫出實驗數據記錄表。五、計算題(共13分,37題6分,38題7分)37.如圖27所示電路,電源兩端電壓不變,燈絲電阻不變。滑動變阻器的最大阻值為R2。開關S1、S2都斷開,變阻器的滑片P移至最右端時,燈L恰能正常發光,滑片P移至最左端時,燈L消耗的電功率與它的額定功率之比為4∶9,R2消耗的電功率為P2。當兩個開關都閉合,變阻器滑片P移至最左端時,電流表示數為1.5A,R1消耗的電功率為9W。此時電路總功率P總∶P2=18∶1。求:(1)兩個開關都閉合,變阻器的 滑片P移至最左端時,電路 消耗的總功率P總;(2)燈L的額定電功率PL0。38.如圖28所示是某科技小組設計的打撈水中物體的裝置示意圖。A是動滑輪,B是定滑輪,C是卷揚機。卷揚機轉動拉動鋼絲繩通過滑輪組AB豎直提升水中的物體。在一次模擬打撈水中物體的作業中,在物體浸沒水中勻速上升的過程中,船浸入水中的體積相對于動滑輪A未掛物體時變化了2dm3;在物體全部露出水面勻速上升的過程中,船浸入水中的體積相對于動滑輪A未掛物體時變化了3dm3,卷揚機所做的功隨時間變化的圖像如圖29所示。物體浸沒在水中和完全露出水面后卷揚機對鋼絲繩的拉力分別為T1、T2,且T1與T2之比為5∶7。鋼絲繩的重、滑輪與軸的摩擦及水對物體的阻力均忽略不計。(g取10N/kg)求:(1)物體的重力G;(2)物體浸沒在水中勻速上升的過程中,滑輪組AB的機械效率η;(3)物體全部露出水面后勻速上升的速度v物。北京市西城區2013年初三一模 物理試卷參考答案及評分標準 2013. 5一、單項選擇題:(每題2分,共28分)題號1234567891011121314答案C D C BDBCA B A DCDB二、多項選擇題:(每題3分,共12分)題 號15161718答 案A、C、D A、B、DA 、C B 、D三、填空題:(每空2分,共12分)題 號答 案題 號答 案19凸228.4×10520電232221小于240.75~1.92四、實驗與探究題:(共35分)25(4分)(1) (2) 27(3分)有力的作用 ;電磁鐵;電動機28(2分)幻燈機 ; 縮小29(3分)(1)直角三角板;(2)從多個方向 ; 完全重合。(3) (4)30(3分)98 ;低于 ;不變。 31(4分)(1)如圖5(2)D(3)0.38;(4)0.432(2分)34(1)(3)向燒杯中加水到燒杯的標記線(4)ρ石=26(3分)(1)4.25+0.02 ;(2)(16 ;(3)1.433(2分)F=(-20)h + 9N34(2分)(1)實驗電路連接如圖6。(2)RX = 35(2分)實驗步驟及實驗現象:[方法一] ①在支點的兩側同時掛鉤碼,使杠桿平衡;②只改變一側鉤碼的懸掛點,杠桿失去平衡。[方法二] 將相同質量的鉤碼先后掛在支點的兩側,觀察到兩次杠桿轉動方向不同。36(5分)(1)實驗步驟:(4分)① 在斜面上確定一點A,用刻度尺測量 A點到水平木板面的高度h,并將h的數據記錄在表格中。② 將小車車頭(或車尾)對齊A點,讓小車從斜面上由靜止開始下滑。用刻度尺測量小車在水平木板面上滑行的距離s,并將s的數據記錄在表格中。③ 仿照步驟①、②,再做5次實驗,依次改變小車從斜面上開始下滑的高度h,用刻度尺分別測出各次小車開始下滑的高度h和小車在水平木板面上滑行的距離s,并分別將每次h、s的數據記錄在表格中。(2)實驗數據記錄表格:(1分)h/ms/m(其他答案正確均可得分)五、計算題:(共13分)37. 解:(1) 當開關都斷開,滑片P在最右端時,電路如圖7甲所示;當開關都斷開,滑片P在最左端時,電路如圖7乙所示;當開關都閉合,滑片P在最左端時,電路如圖7丙所示。-----------------(三個等效電路圖1分)在甲、乙圖中:∵= , ∴∵U一定,∴ ∴= ------------------------(1分) 在乙圖中:P2== ;在丙圖中:P2′=∴= ①已知:= ②由①②式解得:P總==2P2′ ③∵P總=P1+P2′= ④由③④式解得:P2′=P1=9W -------------------------(1分) ∴P總=P1+P2′=9W+9W=18W -------------------------(1分)(2) ∵P總=U I3 ∴U == =12V∴R2===16Ω -------------------------(1分)∴RL =2R2=2×16Ω=32Ω∴燈L的額定功率: PL0===4.5W -------------------------(1分) 38. 解:(1)物體甲在水中勻速上升,物體受力分析如圖8甲所示。物體甲全部露出水面勻速上升,物體受力分析如圖8乙所示。G=F1+ F浮 ① ; G=F2 ②(兩個受力分析圖或兩個方程) ……………(1分)船未打撈物體前:船受力分析如圖9甲所示。船打撈物體時:物體甲浸沒水中勻速上升時,船受力分析如圖9乙所示。物體甲全部露出水面勻速上升時,船受力分析如圖9丙所示。G船=F浮船1 ③ G船+ F1′=F浮船2 ④ G船+ F2′=F浮船3 ⑤(三個受力分析圖或三個方程) ……………(1分)由④-③得:F1′=ΔF浮船1==1×103kg/m3×10N/kg×2×10-3m3=20N 由⑤-③得:F2′=ΔF浮船2==1×103kg/m3×10N/kg×3×10-3m3=30N 根據②式得:G=F2=F2′=30N ……………(1分) 代入①式得:F浮=G-F1=10N(2)物體浸沒在水中和完全露出水面后,對物體和動滑輪受力分析如圖10甲、乙所示。3T1=G + G動-F浮 ⑥3T2=G + G動 ⑦則:== 解得:G動=5N ……(1分) ……(1分)(3)由題中W-t圖像可知: t=40s時,W=140J。由W=Pt, 得: ……………(1分)由P=T2 v繩 則:v物 ……………(1分)北京市西城區2013年初三一模試卷英語 2013.5聽力理解(共26分)一、聽對話,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三幅圖片中選擇與對話內容相符的圖片。每段對話你將聽兩遍。(共4分,每小題1分)二、聽對話或獨白,根據對話或獨白的內容,從下面各題所給的A. B.C三個選項中選擇最佳選項。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。(共12分,每小題1分)請聽一段對話,完成第5小題。5. What did Betty do just now?A. She studied in the library. B. She went to the party. C. She had a class.請聽一段對話,完成第6小題。6. When will the woman get the book?A. In a week. B. Tomorrow. C. In three days.請聽一段對話,完成第7至第8小題。7. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At the airport. B. In a taxi. C. On a bus.8. What time does the plane take off?A. At 6:00. B. At 6:20. C. At 8:30.請聽一段對話,完成第9至第10小題。9.What’s wrong with the man?A. He has got a cold again.B. He gets tired easily in winter. .C. He has been seriously ill for a week.10. What may the man begin to try?A. Going to the gym. B. Riding a bike. C. Climbing the stairs.請聽一段對話,完成第11至第13小題。11. Why does the girl prefer the Youth Hostels?A. The food is very good.B. The people there are friendly. C. The rooms are quite big.12. Who likes the sunshine in summer? A. The girl. B. The boy. C. Neither.13. What will the boy do this summer?A. Go to Australia. B. Walk in Scotland. C. Stay at home.請聽一段獨白,完成第14至第16小題。14. When will the' fire practice end?A. At about 10:45. B. At about 11:05. C. At about 11:15.15. What does the speaker ask the students to do during the fire practice?A. Take their coats along. B. Open the windows first. C. Leave by the front door.16. Where should the students get together during the fire practice?A. By the library. B. By the car park. C. By the school building.三、聽對話,根據所聽到的對話內容和提示詞語,記錄關鍵信息。對話你將聽兩遍。(共10分,每小題2分)知識運用(共25分)四、單項填空(共13分,每小題1分)從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇可以填人空白處的最佳選項。22. This restaurant is very popular. ____________ many people here every day.A. There' are B. There aren't C. There is D. There isn't23. Jimmy is coming to Beijing by plane. I'Il meet him____________ the airport tomorrow.A. on B. at C. off D. for24. --- ____________sweater is this, Peter? --- It's mine, Miss Smith.A. How many B. What C. Which D. Whose25. The old lady lives alone, ____________ she doesn't feel lonely.A. so B. for C. but D. or26. ---The orange tastes good. --- Yes. Would you like____________ one?A. each B. another C. any D. some27. I won't make such a silly mistake again. I'll be____________ next time.A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully28. Look! Some children ____________ in the river. A. swim B. swam C. have swum D. are swimming29. We should keep the classroom ____________ and tidy.A. clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. to clean30. Jack ____________ a good rest as soon as he finishes the exam.A.is having B. has C. had D. will have31. My grandma is ill. The doctor asks her____________ in bed for a few days.A. to stay B. stay C. stayed D. stays .32. ____________ great progress in my English study since last year. .A. make B. will make C. have made D. made'33. Often a new dish ____________ the name of its inventor. A famous example is the sandwich.A. was given B. is given C. gives D. gave34. ---Could you tell me____________ tomorrow? ----By bus. .A. how did you go to the cinema B. how you went to the cinemaC. how will you go to the cinema D. how you will 20 to the cinema五、完形填空(共12分,每小題1分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A B CD四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。Reuben, a 12-year-old boy, saw something in a shop window. But the price ---five dollars--- was far beyond his means. He couldn't ask his parents' for the money. His father made a living through ____35____ in Bay Roberts. His mother, Dora, tried hard to feed and clothe their five children.Hesitating(猶豫) for a few seconds, he opened the ____36____ and talked to the shopkeeper.“…I don't have the money right now. Can you please ____37____ it for me?" "I'll try," the shopkeeper smiled.Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap and walked out. Hearing the sound of hammering from a side street, he suddenly had an idea. He ran towards the sound and stopped at a construction site (建筑工地). Reuben knew he could collect the discarded nails(被丟棄的釘子) and sell them to the factory for five cents ____38____ .He looked for nails until sunset. Then he ran to the factory and sold them. Reuben tightly clutched(握緊)the five-cent pieces and ran home. He found a rusty iron can and dropped his ____39____inside. Then he rushed into the barn (谷倉) near his house and hid it. It was dinner time when Reuben got home. His father sat at the big kitchen table, working on a fishnet. Dorawas at the kitchen stove, ready to ____40____ dinner as Reuben took his place at the table. Looking at his mother, Reuben smiled.Every day after school, Reuben searched the town, keeping to his ____41____ task. Finally, the time had come! He ran into the bam, uncovered the can, poured the coins out, began to count. .He still needed 20 cents! He had to sell four nails ____42____ the day ended. Rushing to the town, Reuben searched every comer. The shadows were lengthening(影子拉長)when Reuben arrived at the factory. The man at the factory was about to ____43____ . "Please, Mister. I have to sell these nails now - please."'Why do you need this money so ____44____ ?" "It's a secret."The man took the nails, reached into his pocket and put four coins in Reuben's hand.Clutching the can tightly, Reuben ____45____ for the shop."I have the money," he solemnly told the owner.Back home, his mother was cleaning the kitchen. "Here, Mum! Here!" Reuben shouted as he ran to her. He placed a small box in her roughened hand. She unwrapped it carefully. A blue-velvet jewel box appeared. Dora ____46____ the lid(蓋子).Tears began to blur(模糊)her vision. In gold lettering on a small, almond-shaped brooch(胸針) was the word Mother.It was Mother's Day, 1946.35. A. farming B. driving C. fishing D. cleaning36.A. door B. shop C. window D. box37.A.wrap B. watch C. take D. hold38. A. each B. any C. either D. all39.A. nails B. cans C. coins D. dollars40. A. have B. serve C. give D. help41. A. basic B. secret C. exciting D. surprising42. A. before B. after C. when D. while43.A.call up B. look up C .clear up D. turn up44. A. immediately B. hurriedly C. badly D. hardly45. A. went B. looked C. paid D. headed46.A. moved B. pulled C. broke D. lifted閱讀理解(共44分)六、閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選擇最佳選項。(共26分,每小題2分)AAre You Ready for Adventure? Then Catalina Sea Camp is the place for you! The activities there are all about the sea.At Catalina Sea Camp, you can get excited and improve your skill-level. You can enjoy the wonders of Catalina Island. From diving(潛水)to sailing, marine (海洋的) science to seafood cookery, Catalina Sea Camp offers courses for your different interests. You can also learn about the marine environments of Catalina Island. It is hard for you to find anywhere else like that.Whether you're a beginner or already an expert, Catalina Sea Camp is an attractive place that brings together campers from all over the world.Wonderful memories and new friends are waiting for you at Catalina Sea Camp!Camp Activities: Adventure . Marine Biology Diving . Sailing . Windsurfing Camp Address: Toyon Bay Avalon , California 90704 Dates: June 30 --- July 19 July 21 ----August 9Cost Week: $650 ---- $999 Campers Ages: From 13 to 17 Sign Up Online! Or Call 800-645-1423147. At Catalina Sea Camp, all the activities are about________.A. the earth B. food C. science D. the sea48. At Catalina Sea Camp, you can________.A. improve your skill-level B. learn about sailing storiesC. take19 different courses D. protect the environment49. The campers are only________.A. adults between 19 and 30 B. expertsC. teenagers between 13 and 17 D. beginnersB50. What problem does Gifted Out have?A. She doesn't enjoy what she does.B. She doesn't make a lot of money. C. She can't afford the gifts for her employer.D. She is tired of looking after her employer's babies.51. Abby advises Gifted Out to_________.A. give a nice card B. buy a cheap giftC. leave the family D. say "Congratulations" 52. According to Abby, which of the following is TRUE?A. Mr Anxiety has been in poor health.B. Mr. Anxiety can't find a good dentist.C. Mr. Anxiety's problem is very common.D. Mr. Anxiety can wait a few days and go to the dentist.53. Abby's job is__________.A. looking after babies B. cleaning housesC. helping patients D. giving suggestionsCLOS ANGELES - China has become the world's second-largest market for films, after North America, and China's box office earnings are growing by 30 percent a year. The country is changing the way Hollywood does business.Films made or shown in China are reviewed by a board of censors(審查署), and the film Skyfall had some parts cut. The science fiction film Cloud Atlas lost 40 minutes, mostly parts showing violence(暴力). Films are also cut if they harm China image(形象).Some big action films have a direct China connection. The adventure Iron Man 3 was partly filmed in China, so it has also been examined by Chinese officials. "Chinese opinions also influence other films, like 2012", said Stanley Rosen at the University of Southern California. He studies China's film industry. "Even if you're not .making in China, a film like 2012 will be very careful. A film including something that hurts Chinese feelings will simply kill the market."Chinese audiences love big movies with special effects. Half of Hollywood's box is from Chinese theaters, and Chinese officials last year raised the yearly percentage of film imports(進口) from 20 t0 34. Life of Pi was well received from Taiwan-born director Ang Lee, who has won his second Oscar Award for Best Director at the 85th Academy Awards Ceremony."More Hollywood studios(制片公司) are finding Chinese partners for co-productions, and Disney and DreamWorks Animation(夢工廠) are putting money in tourist attractions in Shanghai." Stanley Rosen said, "It's a developing relationship, and Hollywood needs China, as the North American market has been flat. But China needs Hollywood, as well, as you see with DreamWorks and Disney going in." And China is coming to Hollywood. The Chinese company TCL has bought the right to rename the historic Grauman's Chinese Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard. And Dalian Wanda Group has bought a key American theater chain(連鎖影院), AMC. The ties between China and Hollywood are expected to grow further in the future.54. __________is the largest market for films in the world.A. China B. North America C. The United States D. India55. From the passage, we can infer that __________.A. Chinese audiences develop Hollywood filmsB. Hollywood starts to do business in a Chinese wayC. Chinese film market has an influence on Hollywood D. Hollywood films are shown in most of Chinese theaters56. The writer uses Disney, DreamWorks Animation and TCL as examples to__________.A. show the connections between China and HollywoodB. introduce the movie studios in China and HollywoodC. show how China and Hollywood help each otherD. explain why more movie studios go into ChinaDHow would you like to study at an American university in China? With the news that New York University (NYU) is considering setting up a branch(分校)on Chinese mainland, the possibility of getting an American education becomes a reality. But how will Chinese students deal with a very different style of teaching? One that encourages debate(辯論), discussion and critical thinking (批判思維); one which puts little attention on rote learning. You know how kids ask questions all the time? Asking questions shows they are curious (好奇). So when does that natural curiosity get weak? Not at kindergarten or nursery, nor at primary school. As you grow older perhaps refusing to draw attention to yourself by asking the teacher questions, you grow quiet. If so, that's a pity, because questioning your teachers should be encouraged. After all, they're the ones who've been educated, have a lot more experience than you and perhaps have a little wisdom. When I taught joumalim at college in Scotland I enjoyed answering students' questions. Some of them raised difficult questions. I didn't always know the answers. If I didn't, I'd accept it and try to find out later.At university we were encouraged to challenge our classmates and teachers. There was often a regular meeting between teachers and some students. A student would prepare a paper on a subject and the other students would criticize it. It could be frightening. But it was a way of developing critical thinking.We need to differentiate critical thinking with loudmouths. We've all come across loudmouths who speak out quickly as if they knew what they were talking about. I know one loudmouth who is paid a great deal of money by a British tabloid newspaper to entertain readers with his deeply-held prejudices(偏見). You might not agree with columnist(專欄作家) Richard Littlejohn, but you have to say that he is entertaining and there is an internal logic(內在的邏輯)to his statements. Having a logical mind can help develop critical thinking.My wife doesn't have a logical mind, but she does have emotional intelligence(情商). I can't say that I have anything like her emotional intelligence. but I'd like to think some of it rubbed off on me. If you can't at least try to put yourself in someone else's shoes, how can you understand their situation, their problems and issues?So try to develop your powers of critical thinking. Start with books, films, music and newspapers. And don't believe everything you read or see. Think independently.57. According to the passage, to develop your critical thinking, you can____________.A. keep curious and follow your heartB. think logically, not emotionallyC. do more reading and think activelyD. voice your opinion like a loudmouth58. The underlined words 66rubbed off on mc" in Paragraph 5 probably mean " __________".A. helped me solve the problem betterB. had some influence on me in a wayC. moved it backwards and forwardsD. advised me to wear others' shoes59. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Want to be different? Think criticallyB. Want to be critical? Think for yourselfC. Choose NYU, choose critical thinkingD. Importance of improving critical thinking七、閱讀短文,根據短文內容,從短文后的五個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余選項。(共8分,每小題2分)The story of quinine(奎寧)Have you ever heard of quinine? It is one of many famous medicines discovered in the Amazon rainforest._____60____.Quinine is used to cure malaria, a very dangerous 'disease' that is spread by mosquitoes. It is made from the bark(樹皮) of the Chinchona tree. The tree is named after the Countess of Chinchona from Peru. In 1630 she was very sick with malaria and had a high fever. _____61____. .People in Europe heard about this medicine and then came to the rainforest to collect the plant. It was first called quinine in 1820 by two French scientists, Mr. Pelletier and Mr. Caventou. _____62____ .For almost three hundred years quinine was used to cure malaria as well as many other dangerous illnesses. In 1944 scientists made the first artificial(人造)quinine. _____63____ because many kinds of malaria cannot be cured using modern drugs anymore.So remember, we must protect our rainforests because maybe other important medicines will be found.八、閱讀短文,根據短文內容回答問題。(共10分,每小題2分)Flynn McGarry,a 14-year-old American boy, controls ; the kitchen easily. He is now crowned as(被譽為)“the. country's hottest chef(廚師).” McGarry began his cooking career four years ago and said it was something he was soon drawn too.He wanted to cook as much as he could do it. After looking at all these cookbooks and going on the Internet, he thought he could achieve that one day. McGarry said. "Every time I try it, I hope to keep getting better and better. I just fell in love with it."He said his mother's cooking was another reason for him to cook. He didn't quite like his mother's food, so he decided to try something simple. He started cooking for himself. He began practicing his knife skills after school. Then, he started creating dishes for a few of his mother's friends. Soon after, he created more complicated (復雜的) and expensive dishes for famous restaurants in America.The real "I want to be a chef' moment came when McGarry decided to create his own dishes. He said a year later. When his skills in the kitchen got better, he was able to cook his way through most of the cookbook. He has worked in top restaurants across the country His accomplishments(技藝)may seem like the work of an experienced chef, but this cook is only 14 years old.The young man has a strong passion (熱情) for cooking. He even turned his bedroom into an experimental kitchen lab. You can't see any video games, basketballs or movie posters.McGarry's mother is proud of' him and she fully supports her son. She said, "He showed such passion for this that it was an obvious choice to allow him to do what he loves to do.""Focusing on your passion and hard work certainly pays off in the end." When Flynn McGarry was interviewed, he said, "At the point in your life where you stop caring if you're going to be famous or do well, your dream will come to you."64. How old was McGarry when he started cooking?65. Did he like his mother's food?66. Who did McGarry cook for at first?67. When did he really want to be a chef?68. What makes McGarry successful?書面表達(共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小題2分)根據中文意思完成句子。69.親愛的,你蛋糕吃得太多了。為什么不留點兒明天吃呢?Darling, you're eating too much cake. ____________leave some for tomorrow?70.告訴他開會的時候不要講話。____________ at the meeting.71.我過去常常嘲笑那些犯錯誤的人,但是現在我改了。I____________ those who made mistakes, but now I don't do it any more.72.六年的時間讓我明白了一個道理:學習的時候,最重要的不足我們做r多少題,而是我們花了多少時間思考。____________learn something: it doesn't matter how many exercises we do, it does matter how much time____________ while learning.73.這些年來,您不僅僅是媽媽,還是一·位朋友,謝謝您幫助我度過了很多困難時光。____________many hard times these years,__________.十、文段表達(共15分)74.根據英文題目和中文提示,寫出意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于60詞的短文。The Power of Praise在日常生活和學習中,肯定和贊美的力量是巨大的。請描述一件你經歷的類似的事情,并談談你的感受或看法。北京市西城區2013年初三一模英語試卷參考答案及評分標準 2013.5聽力理解(共26分)一、聽對話選圖。(共4分,每小題1分)1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C一、聽對話或獨白選擇答案。(共12分,每小題1分)5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.A三、聽對話記錄關鍵信息。(共10分,每小題2分)17. Mondays 18. 22 or 22nd 19. Jarvis 20. speaking 21. Street知識運用(共25分)四、單項填空(共13分,每小題1分)22.A 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.B 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.C 33.B 34.D 五、完形填空(共12分,每小題1分)35.C 36.A 37..D 38.A 39.C 40.B 41.B 42.A 43.B 44.C 45.D 46.D閱讀理解(共44分)六、閱讀短文,選擇最佳選項。(共26分,每小題2分)47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C 51.A 52.C 53.D54.B 55.C 56.A 57.C 58.B 59.B七、閱讀短文,還原句子。(共8分,每小題2分)60.A 61.B 62.E 63.C八、閱讀短文,回答問題。(共10分,每小題2分)64. He was ten years old./He was ten./Ten years old.65.No, he didn't.66. For himself.67. When he decided to create his own dishes.68. His passion for cooking, hard work, as long as his creative ideas and not caring whether successful or not.書面表達(共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小題2分)69. Darling, you're eating. too much cake. Why not/Why don't you leave some for tomorrow?70. Tell him not to talk at the meeting.71.I used to laugh at those who made mistakes, but now I don't do it any more.72. It took me 6 years to learn something: it doesn't matter how many exercises we do, it does matter how much time we spend (in) thinking while learning.73. Thank You for helping me get through many hard times these years, not only as a mother, but also as a friend.十、文段表達(15分)One possible version:Praise is like sunlight to our spirit. It gives us confidence and hope. However, this heavenly gift usually shows up unexpectedly.In junior high, it seemed fashion was never my cup of tea, for I had neither a lovely face nor an attractive figure. I found it boring and even heart-breaking to go shopping.The time came when we had to dress up for the prom. Unwillingly, joined my friends on the trip to Macy's. Unsurely, I tried on a bright violet flowered dress and stepped out of the dressing room. A good-looking lady was standing there. She glanced at me, smiled and said, “I love your dress." She had no idea how much her praise meant to me. These magic words touched my heart and I started to love my imperfect appearance.I appreciated that stranger's words of praise, which are not often heard. Now I keep reminding myself of the power of praise, even strangers, because we never know where it might lead.…書面表達評分標準說明:先根據文章整體內容和語言表達確定檔次,然后在該檔次內評出分數。第一檔:(15-13分)完全符合題目要求,表達思想清楚,內容豐富。使用多種語法結構和豐富的詞匯,語言通順,語意連貫,具有邏輯性。允許個別語言錯誤。第二檔:(12-9分)符合題目要求,表達思想基本清楚,內容完整。語法結構和詞匯基本滿足文章需要。語言基本通順,語意基本連貫。有少量語言錯誤,但不影響整體理解。第三檔:(8-5分)部分內容符合題目要求.表達思想不清楚,內容不完整。語法結構和詞匯錯誤較多,語言不通順,影響整體理解。第四檔:(4-0分)與題目有關的內容不多,不能表達出自己的思想。只是簡單拼湊提示內容,所寫內容難以理解。聽力錄音稿 Text 1: W: Would you like a cup of coffee?M: OK, thank you..Text 2:W: What's your room number?M: Two one eight.Text 3:W: What do you do in your spare time?M: I often play basketball with my friends.Text 4:W: Where is my book, Dad?M: On your bed. See it?Text 5:M: Hi, Betty, I didn't see you at the party just now.W: Oh, I was preparing for my coming exam in the library.M: You studied in the library? Come on, Betty! It's weekend!W: But I'm not doing well in math and I have to work bard.Text 6:W: Is that Xinhua Book Store?M: Yes, what's the matter, Madam?W: I ordered a book on the Internet a week ago. But I haven't got it!M: Oh, I thought you had received it. Usually our books are sent within two days. Are you sure you didn't get it?W: No kidding! So where is it? I want it tomorrow or I'II cancel my order.M: Let me check it. Oh, sorry! It hasn't been sent yet. I will personally send it and you will have it tomorrow for sure.Text 7:M: Where are you going, ma'am?W: To the airport. Please make it fast.M: What's the hurry?W: My plane takes off at 8:30.M: It's just 6:00 0'clock. We have plenty of time.W: Really? How long does it take to the airport?M: We'll be there in twenty minutes. Relax!Text 8:W: Hi, Tom! Are you OK?M: Oh, I have got a cold again and I easily get tired in spring.W: Why not try some exercise? It will help a lot.M: Well, you're right. But I don't have time to go to a gym. I have been too busy lately.W: You don't have to go to a gym. You can walk or ride a bicycle to work.M: But I don't have a bicycle.W: Ah, I got it. But you see, our office is on the fifth floor. You can just walk up and down the stairs instead of taking a lift. That would be better than any exercise machine in the gym.M: Oh, Mary, you really have a point here. I will have a try tomorrow.Text 9:Girl: Hi, Ben! Only one more week at college, and then comes the summer holiday. Great, isn't it?Boy: I don't know. It might get a bit boring. I don't think I've got enough money to go anywhere nice for a holiday this year.Girl: It would be nice to have lots of money to spend, but a good holiday doesn't have to be expensive!Boy: Oh yes, it does! The best holiday I ever had was a few years ago when I went to Australia. lf I have enough money I do want to fly off. somewhere hot, and lie on the beach and go swimming.Girl: Yes, well, I can't afford to do that. either.Boy: So what are you doing this summer?Girl: I'm going on a walking holiday in Scotland with some friends. We went last year, and we really enjoyed it. We walked all day and spent the nights in Youth Hostels. Why don't you come with us? We're going for two weeks. It won't cost much, and you'll come home feeling really relaxed and fit.Boy: I'm not sure. Walking all day sounds like hard work to me. And surely you're not hoping for lots of sunshine in Scotland.Girl: It did rain a bit last year, but most of the time it was sunny. Anyway, it's not good walking in the heat. You have to stop all the time to rest and have drinks.Boy: Well, I like the sun, and I like to stay in comfortable hotels, not Youth Hostels!Girl: But they are comfortable. They're basic, and the food's often not very good, but they're very clean and cheap. In fact I prefer them to hotels because the people are always so friendly.Boy: Maybe. Look Lisa, thanks a lot for asking me, but I think I'U just stay at home and get bored!Text 10:I'd like you to listen very carefully. I wasn't very pleased with the way the last fire practice went, so please make sure you know what to do this time.We're going to have the practice next Monday in the morning at a quarter to eleven. It'll take about twenty minutes. When you hear the sound of the fire bell, close the windows and go out of the classroom quickly. Leave your bags and coats in the classroom. In a real fire, there isn't time to get these. Everyone should leave the school building by the front door. Walk across the car park and then stand together by the library.When you are there your teacher will check your names. You must not run or talk during the fire practice. That's very important. If you have any questions, please come and see me in my office. Thank you.Text 11:W: Westwood English School.M: Hello, I want to ask about evening classes, please.W: Yes, they're on Mondays. But this term will finish at the end of August. We'11 start again on the twenty-second of September, but you can book your place now.M: It's for a Chinese friend. He wants an easy class.W: Well, there's a two-hour class for beginners.M: Mm. My friend would like something shorter.W: Well, we have a fifty-minute speaking class. That would be good for him The teacher is Miss Jarvis. That's J-A-R-V-I-S. The students all like her.M: How much does that class cost?.W: It's seven pounds fifty per class or if you pay for all twelve classes now, it's only seventy-eight pounds-it's cheaper that way.M: Right.W: Can your friend come to the school soon and book his place? The address is two hundred and twenty-three, Fitzroy Street.M: Is that in the centre of town?W: Well, it's about twenty minutes' walk from the station. We're just by the bookshop.M: Right. Thank you.W: Goodbye.北京市西城區2013年初三一模試卷語 文 2013.5考生須知1.本試卷共8頁,共六道大題,23道小題。滿分120分。考試時間150分鐘。2.在試卷和答題紙上準確填寫學校、班級、姓名和學號。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題紙上,在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題紙上,選擇題用2B鉛筆作答,其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。一、選擇。下面各題均有四個選項,其中只有一個符合題意,選出答案后在答題紙上用鉛筆把對應題目的選項字母涂黑涂滿。(共12分。每小題2分)1.下列詞語中加點字的讀音完全正確的一項是 A.符合(fǔ) 緋紅(fēi) 耳濡目染(rú) B.瀕臨(bīn) 貯藏(zhù) 濫竽充數(yú) C.逮捕(dài) 修葺(qì) 既往不咎(jiū) D.追溯(sù) 步驟(zòu) 根深蒂固(dì)2.根據語境和所給字義,在下列句子橫線處選填漢字有誤的一項是 A.中秋之夜,一輪滿月在清朗的夜空中靜靜地端 (詳、祥)著異鄉的游子。 “詳”有“詳細”的意思,“祥”有“吉利”的意思,橫線處應填“詳”。 B.遇到脾性暴戾專制的帝王,膽小怕事的臣子大多只能 (尊、遵)命行事。 “尊”有“敬重”的意思,“遵”有“依照”的意思,橫線處應填“遵”。 C.民間剪紙藝術展上的作品讓參觀者初看賞心 (閱、悅)目,細品寓意深刻。 “閱”有“看”的意思,“悅”有“愉快、高興”的意思,橫線處應填“悅”。 D.大陸和臺灣,兩地政治體系雖然不同,但是文化藝術卻是一脈相 (成、承)。 “成”有“完成”的意思,“承”有“繼續、接續”的意思,橫線處應填“成”。3.下列句子中加點成語或俗語使用有誤的一項是 A.他們一位是畫家,一位是攝影家,卻不謀而合地選擇了同一題材進行創作。B.有關岳陽樓的詩賦很多,范仲淹受滕子京之托班門弄斧,寫出了《岳陽樓記》。 C.路遙知馬力,日久見人心,時間會告訴我們什么人才能成為我們真正的朋友。 D.千里之堤,潰于蟻穴,一個人如果不及時糾正微小的錯誤,最終會釀成大禍。4.根據文段內容,對畫線病句修改最恰當的一項是 對于中國人來說,院落不僅是一個物理的空間,也是家的核心。有院落的地方,就有我們最真實純樸的情感與記憶。巷、道、瓦、檐、廊等元素,使它形成傳統院落獨具特色的形式美感。中國人幾千年來形成了特有的生活方式、人文情懷,決定了我們對棲身的建筑有著自己獨特的文明特征識別,而院落就可以將這一特征表達得淋漓盡致。 A.形成傳統院落獨具特色的形式美感 B.傳統院落形成了獨具特色的形式美感 C.形成了獨具形式美感特色的傳統院落 D.使它形成獨具形式美感特色的傳統院落5.結合語境將下列語句填入橫線處,最恰當的一項是 秋風過處,白楊和柳樹的葉子片片凋零,墻角下的蒿草們 。白露過后,白楊和柳樹洗凈鉛華,素面朝天。每一棵落下最后一片葉子的樹,都是一幅生動的炭筆畫。季節確實是 的大師,她默默地為這酷寒的北方點染了一抹簡約的韻致。 A.日漸流露出愉快的心情 不動聲色 B.日漸顯露出枯敗的容顏 變幻莫測 C.日漸顯露出枯敗的容顏 不動聲色 D.日漸流露出愉快的心情 變幻莫測6.對下面文段中所使用的修辭方法及其作用的理解有誤的一項是清晨,我被鳥兒們喚醒了。它們在互相比試著歌喉,歡迎從鬧市來的不速之客。近處炊煙裊裊,遠處湖光瀲滟。我們不忍心辜負大自然的慷慨賜予,未及吃早飯,就急切地撲上山坡,撲進果園,撲向茶樹,投入大自然的懷抱。晨曦中,棵棵茶樹抽新芽,片片綠葉現晶瑩。看了眼前的情景,你難道還會懷疑茶葉是集“天地之靈氣,日月之精華”的寶物嗎? A.文段中用“歡迎”等詞語,賦予鳥以人的行為,生動地寫出了鳥兒歡快鳴叫的情景。 B.文段中用“撲……”的排比句式,寫出我們投入大自然的急切心情。 C.文段中用“棵棵……”“片片……”的對偶句式,寫出了晨曦中露珠晶瑩剔透的樣子。 D.文段結尾運用反問句式,加強了語氣,表達了作者對茶葉由衷地贊美和感嘆。二、填空(共8分)7.默寫(共5分)(1) ,兒女共沾巾。(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)(1分)(2)金樽清酒斗十千, 。(李白《行路難》)(1分)(3)無可奈何花落去, 。(晏殊《浣溪沙》)(1分)(4)《小石潭記》中描寫游魚動作迅疾的語句是: , 。(2分)8.名著閱讀(3分)“溫故知新”一詞出自《 ① 》,“舍生取義”出自 ② 家的另一部經典著作《孟子》。在我們學過的一篇文章中,孟子用排比句式列舉了舜、傅說、 ③ (填一個人名)等承擔“大任”者須經歷各種磨難的事實,論證了“生于憂患,死于安樂”的觀點。三、綜合性學習(共11分)今年2月,教育部下發了“關于勤儉節約辦教育,建設節約型校園的通知”,在教育系統大力弘揚中華民族勤儉節約的優秀傳統。為此,學校開展了“提倡‘光盤’,告別浪費”主題宣傳教育活動。請你參加這項活動并完成下列任務。9.下面是兩則浪費糧食現象的調查材料,請分別概括它們所包含的主要信息。(4分)【材料一】有統計數據顯示,中國人每年在餐桌上浪費的糧食價值高達2000億元,浪費的蛋白質和脂肪分別高達800萬噸和300萬噸,被倒掉的食物相當于2億多人一年的口糧。事實上,我國還處于社會主義初級階段,國民生活水平雖然有了很大的提高,但我們還并不富裕。據國務院扶貧開發領導小組辦公室網站顯示,按2011年提高后的貧困標準(農村居民家庭人均純收入2300元/年),中國還有1.28億的貧困人口,占農村總人口的13.4%,占全國總人口近十分之一。【材料二】某中學“關于食堂浪費現象的調查”統計圖【材料一】 ① 【材料二】 ② 10.概括下列材料中各國防止餐桌浪費的做法。(每空不得超過4個字)(4分)【材料】在德國,無論自助餐還是點餐,都不能浪費,一旦發現有人浪費,任何人都可向相關機構舉報,工作人員會立即趕到,按規定罰款。近年來多所美國高校餐廳決定告別托盤。餐廳停止提供托盤,促使學生選取食品時更慎重,有助于防止浪費。在日本,無論是同事間的小聚,還是公務性聚餐,都不忘AA制,大伙兒最終吃的都是自己的錢,飯局上很少會出現剩酒剩菜等浪費現象。墨西哥人不會覺得將吃剩的東西打包有什么不妥。 ①德國: ②美國: ③日本: ④墨西哥: 11.主題活動的組織者介紹說:“‘光盤’其實很簡單,就是我們把自己盤子里的飯菜吃光,不要浪費。”請根據“提倡‘光盤’,告別浪費”的活動主題,為學校食堂擬寫一個宣傳標語。(要求:突出活動主題,使用一種修辭方法)(3分)宣傳標語: 四、文言文閱讀(共9分)閱讀《祖逖》,完成第12-14題。范陽祖逖,少有大志,與劉琨俱為司州主簿。同寢,中夜聞雞鳴,蹴琨覺,曰:“此非惡聲也!”因起舞。及渡江,左丞相睿以為軍咨祭酒。逖居京口,糾合驍健,言于睿曰:“晉室之亂,由宗室爭權,自相魚肉,遂使戎狄乘隙,毒流中土。今遺民既遭殘賊,人思自奮。大王誠能命將出師,使如逖者統之以復中原,郡國豪杰,必有望風響應者矣!”睿素無北伐之志,以逖為奮威將軍、豫州刺史,給千人廩,布三千匹,不給鎧仗,使自召募。逖將其部曲百余家渡江,中流,擊楫而誓曰:“祖逖不能清中原而復濟者,有如大江!”遂屯淮陰,起冶鑄兵,募得二千余人而后進。12.解釋下列句中加點字的意思。(2分) (1)大王誠能命將出師 誠: (2)睿素無北伐之志 素: 13.用現代漢語翻譯下面的語句。(4分) (1)逖居京口,糾合驍健 翻譯: (2)使如逖者統之以復中原 翻譯: 14.用自己的話,說說針對司馬睿“不給鎧仗,使自召募”的做法,祖逖是如何應對的。(3分) 答: 五、現代文閱讀(共30分)(一)閱讀《父親的村莊》,完成第15—17題。(共15分) 父親的村莊孫京濤①父親,像他那一代大多數農民一樣,沒有文化,樸素、勤勞。父親的村莊,也像大部分膠東農村一樣,貧瘠、平淡、寂寂無名。然而,就是這樣的父親,和他的東石水頭村,成為了我生命的起航。②改革開放前,父親一直是生產隊趕馬車的,這份略略異于普通農人的職業,是我向小伙伴們夸耀的資本。我總覺得,父親能走得很遠很遠,走到村人們都走不到的地方……因此他的每一次離家,都會引發我對外界無窮的想象,然后添油加醋地演繹給伙伴們聽。③大約在我三四歲的時候,父親第一次帶我到生產隊的飼養場玩耍。當時的飼養員叫張愛,干瘦老頭,跛腿,脾氣大,早年在外當長工,闖蕩江湖,見多識廣。張愛大爺定定地看著我的眼睛,轉頭對父親說:“這孩子,以后就靠這雙眼吃飯!”父親不屑:人都靠雙手吃飯,哪有靠眼吃飯的?后來我考上大學,學攝影專業,父親想起張愛大爺當年的“預言”,不勝唏噓。④年齡稍長,我隨著父親的馬車進了城。我知道,在城里,有不用馬拉就會自己跑的汽車,還有能把人吸到肚子底下軋死的火車。父親說:“使勁念書吧,念好了才能到城里工作。”我聽父親的話,從縣城的重點中學一直念到北京的重點大學。大學畢業,系里保送我上研究生。四年本科,我已經讓家里家徒四壁了,還可能再讀三年嗎?我回家問父親,要不要上這個學?“研究生是什么?”父親問。“大學畢業了可以教高中,研究生畢業了,就可以教大學。”我比劃著跟父親解釋。“那咱村有孩子讀嗎?”“沒有。”“那咱附近這三個村子有孩子讀嗎?”“好像也沒有。”“那你得上!砸鍋賣鐵也得上!這個不是錢能買來的!”父親果斷地替我做了主。⑤后來,我真的在城里工作了。我覺得自己就像一支箭,而父親,就是那張弓。他鉚足了一生的氣力,把我放飛出去;自己卻囿于那個封閉的鄉村,日漸衰老。 ⑥父親經常說起一個故事:有一年正月十五晚上,一位年齡比父親小、輩分比父親高的小老奶奶來到我家,坐下了,只是一個勁兒地東拉西扯。父親陪了一會兒,問:“奶奶,您來我家,是有什么事兒吧?”奶奶的確是有事,可她不好意思張口——她是來借錢的。兒子去煙臺打工,缺一百塊錢盤纏,正著急上不了路。父親二話不說,拿出錢來:“一百塊夠不?”“夠!夠了!”小老奶奶連聲說。父親客客氣氣地雙手呈給她一百塊錢,奶奶客客氣氣雙手接過。年尾,臘八剛過,小老奶奶就來了,還拎了兩瓶“萊陽白干”。她客客氣氣地雙手呈上一百塊錢,父親客客氣氣地雙手接過。第二年正月十五,小老奶奶又來了,還是客客氣氣借一百塊錢;待到年尾臘八,還是拎兩瓶“萊陽白干”,客客氣氣地還一百塊錢,而父親,總是客客氣氣地接過。如此往復五六年,直到她的兒子成家立業。父親說,小老奶奶遵循古訓,債不過年,她真是個要面子的人!我喜歡聽父親說這個故事,很多東西,從這個故事一直流淌進我的血脈。⑦近些年,許多體力活兒,父親已經力不從心。經常地,他會發現一堆土雜肥“被偷了”;待到耕種時,卻發現那堆肥已經被均勻地撒到了地里。或者,在大收時節,門口突然響起一嗓:“大叔,你陡崖山的麥子割回來了,扔門口了啊!”出門去看,卻是杳無人影。⑧2007年4月16日,在我的一再勸誘下,一輩子不愿花錢的父親終于同意做手術,安裝心臟起搏器。在手術室外,我算了一筆賬:我一年差不多回老家四趟,父親已經七十五,假如他再活十年,那么,我統共只能再見他四十次!⑨就是這個結果,讓我開始拍攝《父親的村莊》。每拍一個人,我都會向父親念叨念叨,父親便給我講他們的故事。我驚訝地發現:每一個看似最平常的生命,都是一個不可復制的傳奇。人到中年,驀然回首,卻發現,這片自己曾經拼命掙脫的土地,卻早已注定了此生所有的精魂。 (有刪改)15.閱讀③—⑦段的內容,將下列情節補充完整。(每空限15字以內)(4分) 情節一:張愛大爺預言我將來靠雙眼吃飯 情節二: 情節三:小老奶奶多次年初借錢年尾還錢 情節四: 16.結合第⑥段內容,說說作者7次運用“客客氣氣”一詞有什么作用。(4分) 答: 17.結合全文內容,說說父親的村莊里的人們有怎樣的特點,給予作者怎樣的影響。(不超過150字)(7分) 答: (二)閱讀《即將消失的低碳民居——地窨子》,完成第18—19題。(共7分)即將消失的低碳民居——地窨子蘭博文 張雪梅①古書記載,東北地區的漁獵民族,至少在一兩千年前,就有一種適應在異常嚴寒氣候下生存的簡陋民居——地窨子。這種最為原始的居住方式并不意味著落后,恰恰相反,在它身上體現了很多人與自然和諧統一的設計理念與建造思想。②地窨子展示了人類適應自然環境的設計才華。為了適應極端寒冷的氣候,地窨子多選址在南面向陽坡地,這種設計是為了保證有充足的陽光照射,對居所起到殺菌、保溫、照明的作用。地窨子多為半在地上半在地下,三面多半在地下,冬季雪后屋頂上就覆蓋上厚厚的雪被,起到很好的防寒保溫作用,即使冬季不取暖,屋子也能保持在零度以上。地窨子一般建造在山坳與河流小溪附近,這樣既【甲】能有效地避免暴風雪的襲擊,又【乙】可以就近取水、便于生活。③地窨子體現了人類降低房屋造價的調控理念。地窨子的建筑材料主要為泥土和秸稈,便于就地取材;三面利用自然山坡作圍墻,省時省料;建筑方式為人工挖掘和土坯夯實,建房技術水平要求不高;面南背北的半地穴式,冬暖夏涼,適宜防寒保溫。作為東北地區典型的借助自然環境降低制造成本的經濟型民居,簡陋低廉的特點成為平民百姓必然的選擇,這種民居在東北延續長達千年之久,到民國乃至五六十年代仍可以見到它的身影。④地窨子采取了人類降低能源消耗的有效措施。地窨子坐北朝南、北面以山坡作墻、一面通風的特點,有利于太陽光的利用,避免在大暴風雪到來時將屋子里的暖空氣帶走。窗戶多為紙質,能有效防止冬季冷風透過窗戶縫隙進入室內;開窗取光、關窗留影這種天然的百葉窗適度調節采光與遮陽,很好解決了夏季強光抬高室溫的弊端,并隨時隨地都可修補維護。⑤隨著城市化進程的加劇,地窨子作為最簡陋的居住方式已退出歷史舞臺,即將消逝。真希望能有一批睿智的人用現代化的科技手段,構建一批能夠滿足現代生活需求的“地窨子”,使之在歷史氣息與人文追憶中煥發新的青春。(有刪改)18.閱讀第②段,說出畫線的【甲】【乙】兩個語句的位置不能調換的理由。(2分) 答: 19.閱讀下面材料,說說同為傳統民居的窯洞和地窨子有哪些共同點。(5分)【材料】窯洞最早出現在距今四五千年的新石器文化時期。窯洞式住宅是陜北甚至整個黃土高原地區較為普遍的民居形式。這種特殊的“建筑”,不是用“加法”,而是以“減法”,即“減”去自然界的某些東西而形成的可用的空間。中國西北部黃土高原地區,有深達一二百米、極難滲水、直立性很強的黃土,這為窯洞提供了很好的發展前提。同時,西北部地區氣候干燥少雨、冬季寒冷、木材較少等自然狀況,也為冬暖夏涼、十分經濟、不需木材的窯洞,創造了發展和延續的契機。但是隨著經濟的發展,窯洞的廢棄越來越多,挖掘的很少,這種挖掘方式會越來越不為人知。 答: (三)閱讀下面文字,完成第20-22題。(共8分)①多讀、熟讀、識破,可以看成讀書的三重境界。但在通常情形下,大凡談到讀書,人們往往首先主張多讀,繼而強調讀懂——識破,至于熟讀的主張說的并不多,甚至往往被忽視。其實,倘若真能做到熟讀,那么,對書內容的理解必定深入以至接近識破。②【甲】古人稱“《文選》爛,秀才半”,即指熟讀《昭明文選》,可以成就半個秀才。蘇軾的讀書體會則是“故書不厭百回讀”。古人作詩的秘訣“熟讀唐詩三百首,不會作詩也會吟”說的更是大實話。其實,眼下倘有熟讀唐詩三百首的人士,吟哦不絕,不用作詩都要羨煞人。這就是熟讀的好處。③【乙】我們提倡熟讀有價值的書,既可以是通常所說的經典和名著一類的書,也可以是一本或幾本優秀的專業類書,甚至可以是一些高質量的知識普及類的圖書。但必須是同類書中的精品。只主張熟讀,而不問書籍之優劣高下,以至于去熟讀諸如宣揚臉皮要厚如城墻,心要黑如煤炭的《厚黑學》一類的垃圾書,熟讀許多既無趣又假話連篇的書,熟讀內容質量很不可靠的書,實在是對自己寶貴生命的糟踐。④【丙】排除社會功利的目的,作為人生修養的重要手段,讀自己喜歡的書是最基本的要求。對于自己沒有興趣的書,其書再好我們也難以讀好、讀熟。在讀書上,哪里有興趣,哪里才會有閱讀,哪里才會有記憶。當然,興趣可以養成,但需要主客觀的修養一致。總之,在選取需要熟讀的書時,興趣實在是不可或缺的。否則,硬著頭皮去讀,強行去讀,再讀也熟不起來的。⑤作為一個愛好讀書的人,不妨多讀、泛讀,隨意去讀,但最好能選一本乃至幾本自己喜愛的好書去熟讀,受益必定多多。一個讀書人,一生熟讀幾本好書,只要下一點決心,總還是能做得到的。20.本文作者的觀點是什么?(2分) 答: 21.簡要分析第①段在文中的作用。(3分) 答: 22.根據文意,將下面三句話分別填入【甲】【乙】【丙】處。(只填序號)(3分) A.熟讀須好書,但一定得是自己喜歡的好書。 B.書宜熟讀,但熟讀的一定得是好書。 C.好書宜熟讀,這幾乎是我國古代讀書人比較相同的體會。【甲】處應填 【乙】處應填 【丙】處應填 六、作文(50分)23.題目:擁有要求:(1)將題目抄寫在答題紙上。(2)不限文體(詩歌除外)。(3)字數在600—1000之間。(4)作文中不要出現所在學校的校名或師生姓名。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 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