資源簡(jiǎn)介 海 淀 區(qū) 九 年 級(jí) 第 二 學(xué) 期 期 中 練 習(xí)數(shù) 學(xué)2013.5考生須知 1.本試卷共6頁(yè),共五道大題,25道小題,滿分120分.考試時(shí)間120分鐘.2.在答題卡上準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)學(xué)校名稱、班級(jí)名稱、姓名.3.試題答案一律填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題紙上,在試卷上作答無(wú)效.4.考試結(jié)束,請(qǐng)將本試卷、答題紙和草稿紙一并交回.一、選擇題(本題共32分,每小題4分)下面各題均有四個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中只有一個(gè)是符合題意的.1.2的相反數(shù)是A. 2 B. C. D.2.十八大開(kāi)幕當(dāng)天,網(wǎng)站關(guān)于此信息的總瀏覽量達(dá)5.5億次.將5.5億用科學(xué)記數(shù)法表示為A. B.C. D.3.如圖是某幾何體的三視圖,則這個(gè)幾何體是A. 圓柱 B. 正方體 C. 球 D. 圓錐4.一個(gè)多邊形的外角和是內(nèi)角和的一半,則這個(gè)多邊形的邊數(shù)為A. 5 B.6 C. 7 D. 85.小林在元宵節(jié)煮了20個(gè)元宵,其中10個(gè)黑芝麻餡,6個(gè)山楂餡,4個(gè)紅豆餡(除餡料不同外,其它都相同).煮好后小明隨意吃一個(gè),吃到紅豆餡元宵的概率是A. B. C. D.6.一副三角板如圖放置,若∠1=,則∠2的度數(shù)為A.45° B.60° C.75° D.90°7.在籃球比賽中,某隊(duì)員連續(xù)10場(chǎng)比賽中每場(chǎng)的得分情況如下表所示:場(chǎng)次(場(chǎng)) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10得分(分) 13 4 13 16 6 19 4 4 7 38則這10場(chǎng)比賽中他得分的中位數(shù)和眾數(shù)分別是A.10, 4 B.10,7 C.7,13 D. 13,48.如圖,△是等邊三角形,厘米,點(diǎn)從點(diǎn)出發(fā),沿以每秒厘米的速度運(yùn)動(dòng)到點(diǎn)停止;同時(shí)點(diǎn)從點(diǎn)出發(fā),沿折線以每秒厘米的速度運(yùn)動(dòng)到點(diǎn)停止.如果其中一個(gè)點(diǎn)停止運(yùn)動(dòng),則另一個(gè)點(diǎn)也停止運(yùn)動(dòng).設(shè)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間為秒,、兩點(diǎn)之間的距離為厘米,則表示與的函數(shù)關(guān)系的圖象大致是A. B. C. D.二、填空題(本題共16分,每小題4分)9. 分解因式: .10.若關(guān)于的一元二次方程有實(shí)數(shù)根,則的取值范圍是 .11.如圖,將正方形紙片對(duì)折,折痕為.展開(kāi)后繼續(xù)折疊,使點(diǎn)落在上,折痕為,則的正切值是 .12. 如圖1所示,圓上均勻分布著11個(gè)點(diǎn).從起每隔個(gè)點(diǎn)順次連接,當(dāng)再次與點(diǎn)連接時(shí),我們把所形成的圖形稱為“階正十一角星”,其中(為正整數(shù)).例如,圖2是“2階正十一角星”,那么°;當(dāng)900°時(shí),= .圖1 圖2三、解答題(本題共30分,每小題5分)13.計(jì)算: .14.解不等式組:15.先化簡(jiǎn),再求值:,其中.16.已知:如圖,點(diǎn),,在同一直線上,∥,,求證:17. 如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,反比例函數(shù)的圖象與一次函數(shù)的圖象的一個(gè)交點(diǎn)為.(1)求這個(gè)一次函數(shù)的解析式;(2)若是軸上一點(diǎn),且滿足,直接寫(xiě)出點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo).18. 列方程(組)解應(yīng)用題:雅安地震災(zāi)情牽動(dòng)全國(guó)人民的心.某廠計(jì)劃加工1500頂帳篷支援災(zāi)區(qū),加工了300頂帳篷后,由于救災(zāi)需要,將工作效率提高到原計(jì)劃的2倍,結(jié)果提前4天完成了任務(wù).求原計(jì)劃每天加工多少頂帳篷.四、解答題(本題共20分,每小題5分)19.如圖,在四邊形中,對(duì)角線,相交于點(diǎn),==,=,∠=,.求的長(zhǎng)和△的面積.20.已知:如圖,在△中,.以為直徑的⊙交于點(diǎn),過(guò)點(diǎn)作⊥于點(diǎn).(1)求證:與⊙相切;(2)延長(zhǎng)交的延長(zhǎng)線于點(diǎn).若,=求線段的長(zhǎng).21. 下圖為北京某天空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)實(shí)時(shí)查詢的一個(gè)結(jié)果.為了解今年北京市春節(jié)假期空氣質(zhì)量情況,小靜查到下表所示的某天15個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)子站的空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù);小博從環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)隨機(jī)抽取了某天部分監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的空氣質(zhì)量情況,并繪制了以下兩個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖.解答下列問(wèn)題:(1)小靜查到的統(tǒng)計(jì)表中重度污染出現(xiàn)的頻率為 ;(2)計(jì)算小博抽取的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù),并補(bǔ)全條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖;(3)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,春節(jié)期間燃放煙花爆竹成為空氣污染的一個(gè)重要原因. 市民在今年春節(jié)期間自覺(jué)減少了購(gòu)買(mǎi)和燃放煙花爆竹的數(shù)量,全市銷售煙花爆竹37萬(wàn)余箱,比去年減少35%.求今年比去年同期少銷售多少萬(wàn)箱煙花爆竹.(結(jié)果保留整數(shù))22.問(wèn)題:如圖1,、、、是同一平面內(nèi)的一組等距平行線(相鄰平行線間的距離為1).畫(huà)出一個(gè)正方形,使它的頂點(diǎn)、、、分別在直線、、、上,并計(jì)算它的邊長(zhǎng).圖1 圖2小明的思考過(guò)程:他利用圖1中的等距平行線構(gòu)造了的正方形網(wǎng)格,得到了輔助正方形,如圖2所示, 再分別找到它的四條邊的三等分點(diǎn)、、、,就可以畫(huà)出一個(gè)滿足題目要求的正方形.請(qǐng)回答:圖2中正方形的邊長(zhǎng)為 .請(qǐng)參考小明的方法,解決下列問(wèn)題:(1)請(qǐng)?jiān)趫D3的菱形網(wǎng)格(最小的菱形有一個(gè)內(nèi)角為,邊長(zhǎng)為1)中,畫(huà)出一個(gè)等邊△,使它的頂點(diǎn)、、落在格點(diǎn)上,且分別在直線a、b、c上;(3)如圖4,、、是同一平面內(nèi)的三條平行線,、之間的距離是,、之間的距離是,等邊△的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)分別在、、上,直接寫(xiě)出△的邊長(zhǎng).圖3 圖4五、解答題(本題共22分,第23題7分,第24題7分,第25題8分)23.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,拋物線與x軸交于、兩點(diǎn),點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為.(1)求點(diǎn)坐標(biāo);(2)直線經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn).①求直線和拋物線的解析式;②點(diǎn)在拋物線上,過(guò)點(diǎn)作軸的垂線,垂足為.將拋物線在直線上方的部分沿直線翻折,圖象的其余部分保持不變,得到一個(gè)新圖象.請(qǐng)結(jié)合圖象回答:當(dāng)圖象與直線只有兩個(gè)公共點(diǎn)時(shí),的取值范圍是 .24.在△中,∠=.經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)的直線l(l不與直線重合)與直線的夾角等于,分別過(guò)點(diǎn)、點(diǎn)作直線l的垂線,垂足分別為點(diǎn)、點(diǎn).(1)若,=(如圖),則的長(zhǎng)為 ;(2)寫(xiě)出線段、之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系,并加以證明;(3)若直線、交于點(diǎn), ,=4,求的長(zhǎng).25. 在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,拋物線的頂點(diǎn)為.求點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)(用含的代數(shù)式表示);直線與拋物線交于、兩點(diǎn),點(diǎn)在拋物線的對(duì)稱軸左側(cè).①若為直線上一動(dòng)點(diǎn),求△的面積;②拋物線的對(duì)稱軸與直線交于點(diǎn),作點(diǎn)關(guān)于直線的對(duì)稱點(diǎn). 以為圓心,為半徑的圓上存在一點(diǎn),使得的值最小,則這個(gè)最小值為 .2013海淀中考一模數(shù)學(xué)參考答案數(shù)學(xué)試卷答案及評(píng)分參考一、選擇題(本題共32分,每小題4分)題 號(hào) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8答 案 B A D B C C A D二、填空題(本題共16分,每小題4分)題 號(hào) 9 10 11 12答 案 ≤ ;2或7三、解答題(本題共30分,每小題5分)13.計(jì)算: .解:原式 ………………………4分 .………………………5分解:由①得 .………………………2分 由②得 .………………………4分 則不等式組的解集為.………………………5分15.先化簡(jiǎn),再求值:,其中.解:原式 ………………………2分………………………3分. ………………………4分當(dāng)時(shí),原式=.………………………5分16.證明:∥,∴ ………………………1分在△和△中,∴△≌△.………………………4分∴ ………………………5分17.解:(1)∵ 點(diǎn)在反比例函數(shù)的圖象上,∴ . ………………………1分∴ 點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為.∵ 點(diǎn)在一次函數(shù)的圖象上,∴.∴.………………………2分∴ 一次函數(shù)的解析式為.………………………3分(2)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(-3,0)或(1,0).………………………5分(寫(xiě)對(duì)一個(gè)給1分)18.解:設(shè)原計(jì)劃每天加工x頂帳篷. ………………………1分.………………………3分解得 . ………………………4分經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),是原方程的解,且符合題意.答:原計(jì)劃每天加工150頂帳篷. ………………………5分四、解答題(本題共20分,每小題5分)19. 解:過(guò)點(diǎn)作⊥于.∵∠=90°,∠1=30°,∴∠2=∠3=60°. ………………………1分在△中,∠=90°.∵∠4=45°,,∴==.………………………2分在△中,∠AFE=90°.∴.………………………3分在△中,∠=90°.∴.∴.………………………4分∴.………………………5分20.(1)證明:連接. ………………………1分∵=,∴.又∵,∴.∴.∴∥.∵⊥于,∴⊥.∵點(diǎn)在⊙上,∴與⊙相切. ………………………2分(2)解:連接.∵為⊙的直徑,∴∠=90°.∵=6,=,∴=.………………3分∵,∴.∴在△中,∠=90°.∵,∴. ………………………4分又∵∥,∴△∽△.∴.∵,∴.∴.∴. ………………………5分21.(1).………………………1分(2)∵,∴被小博同學(xué)抽取的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為30個(gè). ………………………2分………………………3分(3)設(shè)去年同期銷售萬(wàn)箱煙花爆竹..解得.………………………4分∴.答:今年比去年同期少銷售約20萬(wàn)箱煙花爆竹. ……………………… 5分22.(1).………………………2分(2)①如圖:(答案不唯一) ………………………4分②.………………………5分五、解答題(本題共22分,第23題7分,第24題7分,第25題8分)23.解:(1)依題意,可得拋物線的對(duì)稱軸為.………………………1分∵拋物線與軸交于、兩點(diǎn),點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為,∴點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 .………………………2分(2)∵點(diǎn)B在直線上,∴①.∵點(diǎn)A在二次函數(shù)的圖象上,∴②. ………………………3分由①、②可得,. ………………………4分∴ 拋物線的解析式為y=,直線的解析式為y=. ……………5分(3). ………………………7分24.(1).………………………1分(2)線段、之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系為.………………………2分證明:如圖1,延長(zhǎng)與直線交于點(diǎn).依題意,可得∠1=∠2.∵∠=,∴∠3=∠4.∴.∴=.………………………3分∵⊥,⊥,∴∥.∴△∽△.∴ .∴.………………………4分(3)解:當(dāng)點(diǎn)在線段上時(shí),如圖2,過(guò)點(diǎn)作∥交于點(diǎn),交于點(diǎn).∴∠2=∠.∵∠1=∠2,∴∠1=∠.∴.∵∠=,∴∠3+∠1=∠HCB+∠4 =.∴∠3=∠4.∴.∵∥,∴△∽△.∴ .設(shè),則.∴在△中,∠=,.由(2)得,.∵,∴.∴.∴.∵∥,∴△∽△.∴.∴.………………………5分∴.∵∥,∥,∴四邊形為平行四邊形.∴.∴.……………………6分當(dāng)點(diǎn)在線段的延長(zhǎng)線上時(shí),如圖3,同理可得,,.∴=.∴ .∴或8.……………………7分25.解:(1),……………………1分∴頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為.……………………2分(2)①與拋物線交于、兩點(diǎn),∴.解方程,得.……………………4分在點(diǎn)的左側(cè),∴∴……………………5分直線的解析式為,直線的解析式為,∴∥,兩直線、之間距離.∴.………………………6分②最小值為 ……………………8分(注:本卷中許多問(wèn)題解法不唯一,請(qǐng)老師根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)酌情給分)圖2圖32013年海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第一次語(yǔ)文中考模擬題2013.5考生須知 1.本試卷共8頁(yè),共六道大題,23道小題。滿分120分。考試時(shí)間150分鐘。 2.在答題紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)學(xué)校名稱、班級(jí)名稱、姓名。3.試題答案一律填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題紙上,在試卷上作答無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束,請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。一、選擇。下面各題均有四個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中只有一個(gè)符合題意,選出答案后在答題紙上用鉛筆把對(duì)應(yīng)題目的選項(xiàng)字母涂黑涂滿。(共12分。每小題2分)1. 下列詞語(yǔ)中加點(diǎn)字的讀音完全正確的一項(xiàng)是A. 愜意(qiè) 脊梁(jǐ) 佇立(chù) 耳濡目染(rú)B. 哺育(bǔ) 解剖(pāo) 訂正(dìng) 滿載而歸(zài)C. 笨拙(zhuō) 聯(lián)袂(mèi) 比較(jiào) 高屋建瓴(lǐng)D. 雀躍(yuè) 淡薄(bó) 粗獷(guǎng) 諄諄教誨(zhūn)2. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和所給字義,在下列句子橫線處選填漢字,有誤的一項(xiàng)是A. 城市園林綠化要 (尊、遵)循植物生長(zhǎng)的規(guī)律,符合生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)展的需要,做到科學(xué)配置,因地制宜。“尊”有“敬重”的意思,“遵”有“依照”的意思,橫線處應(yīng)填“遵”。B. 中職籃常規(guī)賽上,麥迪和馬布里的巔峰對(duì) (決、絕)備受矚目,麥迪所在的青島隊(duì)最終以104比101險(xiǎn)勝北京隊(duì)。“決”有“決定最后勝負(fù)”的意思,“絕”有“絕對(duì)”的意思,橫線處應(yīng)填“決”。C. 太空行走與人們?cè)诘孛嫔闲凶卟荒芟? (提、題)并論,其困難程度超乎常人想象,需要諸多技術(shù)保障。“提”有“指出或舉出”的意思,“題”有“寫(xiě)上”的意思,橫線處應(yīng)填“題”。D. 勤勞勇敢是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德,它奠定了中華民族堅(jiān)不可 (催、摧)的立業(yè)根基。“催”有“使事物的產(chǎn)生和變化加快”的意思,“摧”有“破壞”的意思,橫線處應(yīng)填“摧”。3. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,在下列句子中的橫線處填寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)正確的一項(xiàng)是①達(dá)·芬奇早年師從著名畫(huà)家佛羅基奧。在老師精心的指導(dǎo)下,他從畫(huà)蛋開(kāi)始,穩(wěn)步攀登繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)高峰。不到四年時(shí)間,他就超過(guò)了老師佛羅基奧,這真是 。②我們提倡文章的語(yǔ)言要服務(wù)于中心和內(nèi)容。寫(xiě)文章如果不在立意的深刻、內(nèi)容的充實(shí)上下功夫,而只是堆砌一些華麗的詞句,就是 的做法,是不可取的。A. ①句填“青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán)” ②句填“舍本逐末”B. ①句填“青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán)” ②句填“拔苗助長(zhǎng)”C. ①句填“百尺竿頭,更進(jìn)一步” ②句填“舍本逐末”D. ①句填“百尺竿頭,更進(jìn)一步” ②句填“拔苗助長(zhǎng)”4. 依據(jù)語(yǔ)段內(nèi)容,對(duì)畫(huà)線病句的修改最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是我國(guó)歷史上,曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)一大批憂國(guó)憂民的仁人志士和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈的民族英雄。他們積極改革、勵(lì)精圖治以順應(yīng)歷史潮流,他們反抗民族壓迫、抵御外來(lái)侵略以捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)、民族尊嚴(yán),中華民族的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神從不同側(cè)面得以體現(xiàn),譜寫(xiě)了壯麗的愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)篇,鑄就了不朽的民族之魂。A. 修改:中華民族不同側(cè)面的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神得以體現(xiàn)B. 修改:不同側(cè)面中華民族的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神得以體現(xiàn)C. 修改:從不同側(cè)面體現(xiàn)了中華民族的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神D. 修改:體現(xiàn)了不同側(cè)面的中華民族的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神5. 下列句子的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用有誤的一項(xiàng)是A. 近日,由《輔導(dǎo)員》雜志、全國(guó)紅領(lǐng)巾小記者輔導(dǎo)中心主辦的“中國(guó)百名小學(xué)生赴俄羅斯展演”活動(dòng)在莫斯科拉開(kāi)帷幕。B. 他的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷啟示我們:“一個(gè)人熱愛(ài)自己所從事的工作,有明確的生活目標(biāo)并矢志不渝地為之奮斗,路就在他腳下延伸。”C. 詞用長(zhǎng)短句,一方面是為了適應(yīng)音樂(lè),一方面是為了更容易表達(dá)復(fù)雜的感情——既可以是慷慨激昂的,也可以是委婉細(xì)膩的。D. 板橋、院落、月色、炊煙……這些最平凡的景物,在從鄉(xiāng)村出來(lái)的作者眼里,都蒙上了一層詩(shī)意,寄寓著人生最悠遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)愁。6. 對(duì)下面文段中所使用的修辭方法的作用理解有誤的一項(xiàng)是①依山而建的念山梯田,遠(yuǎn)觀如碧波飛落,側(cè)看似天梯凌空,田水波光瀲滟,田埂線條柔和,有如一首宏大和諧的田園交響曲。②這里的梯田,一丘連著一丘,一坡挨著一坡,一級(jí)接著一級(jí),在晨曦里,在夕陽(yáng)下,似版畫(huà),似丹青。③梯田的四季景色因季節(jié)變化而變化:春來(lái)水滿田疇,如素錦銀帶;夏至佳禾吐翠,似道道綠波;金秋稻穗飽滿,像座座金塔;冬若遇雪,更有如白玉砌云端。④念山梯田這一人間美景,怎能不讓人心生向往之情?A. 第①句運(yùn)用對(duì)偶、比喻的修辭方法,形象地寫(xiě)出從不同角度看到的念山梯田景色壯觀、和諧的特點(diǎn)。B. 第②句運(yùn)用排比、比喻的修辭方法,突出梯田層疊相連的特點(diǎn),形象地描繪出晨昏時(shí)梯田線條分明、色彩明麗的景致。C. 第③句運(yùn)用排比、比喻的修辭方法,突出表現(xiàn)了春水、夏禾、秋穗、冬雪的銀、綠、金、白的顏色之美。D. 第④句運(yùn)用反問(wèn)的修辭方法,強(qiáng)調(diào)了依山而建的念山梯田壯麗秀美的景色,使人不禁心生無(wú)限向往之情。二、填空(共8分)7. 默寫(xiě)(5分)(1) ,道阻且長(zhǎng)。(《蒹葭》)(2)無(wú)可奈何花落去, 。(晏殊《浣溪沙》)(3)最愛(ài)湖東行不足, 。(白居易《錢(qián)塘湖春行》)(4) ,病樹(shù)前頭萬(wàn)木春。(劉禹錫《酬樂(lè)天揚(yáng)州初逢席上見(jiàn)贈(zèng)》)(5)《曹劌論戰(zhàn)》中曹劌阻止魯莊公“馳之”的原因是: , , 。8. 名著閱讀(3分)《朝花夕拾》記述了作者童年的生活和青年時(shí)求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷,再現(xiàn)了19世紀(jì)80年代到辛亥革命前后30年間的社會(huì)生活畫(huà)面。其中,有以深情的筆觸懷念 ① (特點(diǎn))的恩師的《藤野先生》,有以幽默的筆調(diào)諷刺封建孝道虛偽的《 ② 》……此外,還塑造了 ③ 等一系列栩栩如生的人物形象。這部作品展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)的世態(tài)人情、民俗文化,反映出作者對(duì)社會(huì)生活的深刻思考,流露出對(duì)家人師友的真摯感情。三、綜合性學(xué)習(xí)(共11分)今年是落實(shí)黨的十八大報(bào)告開(kāi)展“全民閱讀活動(dòng)”要求的重要一年。根據(jù)國(guó)家新聞出版廣電總局3月下發(fā)的《關(guān)于開(kāi)展2013年全民閱讀活動(dòng)的通知》,各地將開(kāi)展各類閱讀活動(dòng)。你所在學(xué)校的文學(xué)社要把“走近圖書(shū)館講座”作為“全民閱讀活動(dòng)”的一種形式介紹給同學(xué)們。你是文學(xué)社的成員,請(qǐng)你完成下面的任務(wù)。9. 下面是對(duì)國(guó)家圖書(shū)館講座的調(diào)研材料,請(qǐng)你綜合兩則材料,概括主要信息,并得出結(jié)論。(4分)【材料一】2007-2011年國(guó)家圖書(shū)館講座內(nèi)容場(chǎng)次比例情況統(tǒng)計(jì)【材料二】在國(guó)家圖書(shū)館 “聽(tīng)眾對(duì)講座內(nèi)容需求”的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷中,講座內(nèi)容共設(shè)置了文史哲、藝術(shù)、自然科學(xué)、時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)、教育、金融經(jīng)管和醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生七個(gè)選項(xiàng)。每位受調(diào)查者可以選擇多個(gè)項(xiàng)目。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,有87.4% 的受調(diào)查者選擇了文史哲方面的講座,56.3% 的受調(diào)查者對(duì)藝術(shù)類講座感興趣,而對(duì)自然科學(xué)類、時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)類、教育類、金融經(jīng)管類和醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生類講座的選擇均在37%以下。主要信息:結(jié) 論:10. 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)同學(xué)們找到的三則材料,簡(jiǎn)要概括公共圖書(shū)館講座的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)。(4分)【材料一】首都圖書(shū)館舉辦的“圓明園遺址公園”、“西苑三海的前世今生”等講座, 突出本地特色, 加深了聽(tīng)眾對(duì)地方文化的了解。故宮資深研究專家開(kāi)設(shè)的“走進(jìn)故宮”大型系列講座,推出了“光凝秋水寒”、“盛世琢華瓊”、“紫氣貫京華”等專場(chǎng),給廣大“故宮迷”提供了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)了解故宮的平臺(tái)。【材料二】國(guó)家圖書(shū)館開(kāi)設(shè)的“部級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部講座”,主要針對(duì)部級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的需求,突出執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)的主題。在新年到來(lái)之際,針對(duì)國(guó)家圖書(shū)館少年兒童館“新年閱讀計(jì)劃”的啟動(dòng)活動(dòng),著名兒童文學(xué)家楊紅櫻開(kāi)設(shè)了題為“馬小跳的童年意義”的講座,為少年兒童聽(tīng)眾送上了一份特殊的新年禮物。【材料三】上海圖書(shū)館講座緊貼時(shí)代脈搏,在上海兩會(huì)召開(kāi)前夕,開(kāi)設(shè)大型時(shí)政講座“轉(zhuǎn)型 創(chuàng)新 發(fā)展”,傾力推出“轉(zhuǎn)型中的社會(huì)治理”、“以文化方式創(chuàng)新”、“上海轉(zhuǎn)型的進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)時(shí)”等系列講座。由古城衛(wèi)士阮儀三先生主講的“從石庫(kù)門(mén)看上海建筑的百年文脈”,讓人們了解了代表城市文化記憶的石庫(kù)門(mén)在舊城新建中的價(jià)值,強(qiáng)調(diào)了保護(hù)地域特色古建筑的重要性。特點(diǎn):(1) (2)(3) (4)11. “全民閱讀活動(dòng)”期間,為了引領(lǐng)同學(xué)們了解時(shí)代發(fā)展,助力成長(zhǎng),文學(xué)社準(zhǔn)備為本次活動(dòng)征集一條宣傳語(yǔ),號(hào)召同學(xué)們前往公共圖書(shū)館聆聽(tīng)青少年專場(chǎng)講座。有同學(xué)提供了宣傳語(yǔ)的下句,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以上材料,填寫(xiě)上句。(要求:與下句語(yǔ)意相關(guān)、句式相同、字?jǐn)?shù)相等)(3分)上句:下句: 青少年專場(chǎng)關(guān)注時(shí)代特色,拓展學(xué)生視野。四、文言文閱讀(共9分)閱讀《出師表》節(jié)選,完成第12-14題。①臣本布衣,躬耕于南陽(yáng),茍全性命于亂世,不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顧臣于草廬之中,咨臣以當(dāng)世之事,由是感激,遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。后值傾覆,受任于敗軍之際,奉命于危難之間,爾來(lái)二十有一年矣。②先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎,故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來(lái),夙夜憂嘆,恐托付不效,以傷先帝之明,故五月渡瀘,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)率三軍,北定中原,庶竭駑鈍,攘除奸兇,興復(fù)漢室,還于舊都。此臣所以報(bào)先帝而忠陛下之職分也。至于斟酌損益,進(jìn)盡忠言,則攸之、祎、允之任也。③愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效,不效則治臣之罪,以告先帝之靈。若無(wú)興德之言,則責(zé)攸之、祎、允等之慢,以彰其咎;陛下亦宜自謀,以咨諏善道,察納雅言,深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝受恩感激。12. 解釋下列詞語(yǔ)中加點(diǎn)字的意思。(2分)(1)由是感激 感激: (2)察納雅言 雅:13. 用現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)翻譯下面的句子。(4分)(1)先帝不以臣卑鄙 翻譯:(2)夙夜憂嘆,恐托付不效 翻譯:14.用自己的話概括諸葛亮在劉備去世后“報(bào)先帝而忠陛下”的具體表現(xiàn)。(3分)答:五、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(共30分)(一)閱讀《致大海》,完成第15-17題。(共15分)致大海①今天是給您送行的日子,冰心老太太!②我病了,沒(méi)去成。十點(diǎn)鐘整,是朋友們向您鞠躬告別的時(shí)刻,我在書(shū)房一片散尾竹的綠影里跪伏下來(lái),向著西北方向——您遙遠(yuǎn)的靜臥的地方,恭敬地磕了三個(gè)頭。然后打開(kāi)音樂(lè)。本來(lái)心里繚亂又沉重,但我那特意選放的德彪西的《大海》發(fā)生了神奇的效力,濤聲所至,愁云擴(kuò)散,心里漸如海天一般遼闊與平靜。于是您往日神氣十足的音容笑貌全都呈現(xiàn)出來(lái),而且愈來(lái)愈清晰,一直逼近眼前。③八十年代末,一個(gè)您生命的節(jié)日。我在天津撥通了您家的電話。④我對(duì)著話筒大聲說(shuō):“老太太,我給您拜壽了!”⑤您馬上來(lái)了幽默。您說(shuō):“你不來(lái),打電話拜壽可不成。”您的口氣還假裝有點(diǎn)生氣。但我卻知道在電話那端,您一定在笑,我好像看見(jiàn)了您那慈祥的并帶著童心的笑容。⑥為了哄您高興,我說(shuō):“我該罰,我在這兒給您磕頭了!”⑦您一聽(tīng)果然笑了,您說(shuō):“我看不見(jiàn)。”⑧我說(shuō):“我旁邊有人,可以作證。”⑨您說(shuō):“他們都是你一伙的,我不信。”⑩誰(shuí)說(shuō)您老,您的機(jī)敏和反應(yīng)能超過(guò)任何年輕人。我只好說(shuō):“您把這筆賬先記上。等我和您見(jiàn)面時(shí),保證補(bǔ)上。”從此,它成了每次見(jiàn)面必說(shuō)的一個(gè)玩笑的由頭。只要說(shuō)到這個(gè)笑話,便立即能感受到您的那種率真、親切。大約是九二年底,我和朋友一同去看您。那天您特別精神。您說(shuō),前不久有一位大人物來(lái)看您,說(shuō)了些“長(zhǎng)壽幸福”之類的吉祥話。您說(shuō),您雖長(zhǎng)壽,卻不總是幸福的。您的一生正好是“酸甜苦辣”四個(gè)字:少時(shí)留下許多辛酸;青年時(shí)代還算留下一些甜美的回憶;中年以后,“文革”十年,苦不堪言;現(xiàn)在老了,但卻是——“姜是老的辣”。當(dāng)說(shuō)到這個(gè)“辣”字時(shí),您的脖子一梗。我便看到了您身上的骨氣。老太太,那一刻您身上真是閃閃發(fā)光呢!您還問(wèn)我:“要是碰到大人物,你敢說(shuō)話嗎 ”沒(méi)等我說(shuō),您又說(shuō),“說(shuō)話誰(shuí)都敢,看你說(shuō)什么。馮驥才,你拿的工資可是人民給的,不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)給的。拿了人民的錢(qián)就得為人民說(shuō)話,不要怕!”說(shuō)完您還著意地看了我一眼。老太太,您這一眼可好厲害,似乎要把這幾句話注入我的骨頭里。這時(shí),朋友們說(shuō),馮驥才總說(shuō)給冰心磕頭拜壽,卻沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)真的磕過(guò)頭。我聽(tīng)罷,立即趴在地上給您磕了三個(gè)頭。您坐在輪椅上無(wú)法阻攔我。等我起身,見(jiàn)您正被逗得止不住地笑。我說(shuō):“晚輩磕頭,得給紅包。”您想了想,說(shuō):“獎(jiǎng)給你一張壽卡吧!”粉紅色的卡片精美雅致,上邊印著金色的壽字,背面是您手書(shū)的自己的那句座右銘:“有了愛(ài)便有了一切。”您說(shuō),這壽卡限數(shù)一百。我看了看,說(shuō):“編號(hào)一百是百歲,我這是77號(hào),說(shuō)明我活七十七歲。”您嗔怪地說(shuō):“胡說(shuō),拿來(lái)——”您要過(guò)我手中的壽卡,好像想也沒(méi)想,拿起筆在編號(hào)每個(gè)“7”字橫筆的下邊,勾了半個(gè)小圈兒,馬上變成99號(hào)了!您又寫(xiě)上一句:驥才萬(wàn)壽,冰心,1992.12.20。您的智慧、幽默、機(jī)敏,令人折服。而對(duì)于我,更深的感動(dòng)則來(lái)自一種既是長(zhǎng)者又是摯友的愛(ài)意。您歷經(jīng)那么多時(shí)代的不幸,對(duì)人間的詭詐與丑惡的體驗(yàn)較我深切得多;然而,您為何從不厭世,不避世,不警惕世人,卻癡信您那句常常會(huì)使自己陷入被動(dòng)的格言“有了愛(ài)便有了一切” 我想到一件更遠(yuǎn)的事。那天是您和吳先生金婚的紀(jì)念日。我和幾位文友去看您。聊天時(shí),沒(méi)等我們問(wèn),您就自動(dòng)講起當(dāng)年結(jié)婚時(shí)的情景。說(shuō)話時(shí)您很快活,弄不清您是自嘲,還是為自己當(dāng)年的清貧又灑脫而洋洋自得。后來(lái),您話鋒一轉(zhuǎn),忽問(wèn)我:“馮驥才,你怎么結(jié)的婚 ”我說(shuō):“我還不如您哪。我是‘文革’高潮時(shí)結(jié)的婚!”我說(shuō),那時(shí)我和未婚妻兩家都被抄了,結(jié)婚只有一間幾平米的小屋,床是用磚塊和木板搭的。結(jié)婚那天,我把劫后僅有的幾件衣服疊了疊,放在自行車后車架上,但在路上顛掉了,結(jié)婚時(shí)兩手空空。我想我說(shuō)完您一定會(huì)說(shuō)出幾句同情的話來(lái)。可是您卻微笑又嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)我說(shuō):“馮驥才,你可別抱怨生活,你們這樣的結(jié)婚才能永遠(yuǎn)記得,大魚(yú)大肉的結(jié)婚都是大同小異,過(guò)后是什么也記不住的。”您的話使我出其不意。一下子,您把我的目光從一片荊棘的困擾中引向一片大海。德彪西的《大海》全是畫(huà)面:被狂風(fēng)掀起的水霧與低垂的陰云融成一片,雪色的排天大浪迸濺出的全是它晶瑩透明的水珠。一束夕照射入它藍(lán)幽幽的深處,加倍反映出奪目的光芒。瞬息間,整個(gè)世界全是細(xì)密的迷人的柔情的微波。大海中從無(wú)云影,只有陽(yáng)光,它永遠(yuǎn)躍動(dòng)不已的是那浩瀚又坦蕩的生命。這也正是您的海。我心里的您!(作者馮驥才 有刪改)15. 文章中作者回憶了與冰心交往的幾件事。閱讀第③-段,填寫(xiě)下面的表格。(4分)事件 作者的情感作者電話拜壽,冰心與他開(kāi)玩笑 贊嘆作者探望冰心時(shí) ① ②冰心接受作者磕頭拜壽,并改壽卡贈(zèng)作者 ③④ 感激16. 聯(lián)系上下文,說(shuō)說(shuō)下面語(yǔ)句中加點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)了冰心怎樣的心理。(4分)(1)說(shuō)完您還著意地看了我一眼。(2)您嗔怪地說(shuō):“胡說(shuō),拿來(lái)——”答:17.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容,談?wù)勀銓?duì)文章題目“致大海”的理解。(不超過(guò)150字)(7分)答:(二)閱讀下面文字,完成第18-19題。(共7分)①水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化是指在人類活動(dòng)的影響下,由于大量氮、磷等營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入湖泊、河口、海灣等緩流水體,從而引起的藻類及其他浮游生物迅速繁殖、水體溶解氧量下降、水質(zhì)惡化、魚(yú)類及其他生物大量死亡的一種現(xiàn)象。調(diào)查表明,全球有30%—40%的湖泊和水庫(kù)受到不同程度的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的影響。如何解決水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化污染已經(jīng)引起全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。②根據(jù)水處理原理的不同,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外用于凈化富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體的工程技術(shù)可分為物理凈化法、化學(xué)凈化法、生物凈化法和自然凈化法。③物理凈化法是通過(guò)引水稀釋、機(jī)械打撈、污水過(guò)濾或疏浚底泥對(duì)污染水體進(jìn)行人工凈化的方法。這類方法技術(shù)設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單,易于操作,短期內(nèi)處理效果十分明顯。南京玄武湖曾出現(xiàn)水質(zhì)惡化、污染物大量淤積的現(xiàn)象,后來(lái)完成清淤,并灌入相對(duì)清潔的長(zhǎng)江水,短時(shí)間內(nèi),湖水質(zhì)量明顯改善。但清淤兩個(gè)月后,隨著水溫升高,藻類又大量滋生。④化學(xué)凈化法是向污染水體投加化學(xué)藥劑去除水體中污染物的方法。藥劑與污染物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),可快速殺死藻類。由于需要投加化學(xué)藥劑,化學(xué)凈化法不僅治理費(fèi)用較高,而且易造成二次污染。⑤天然水體中存在大量微生物,它們能夠氧化并分解有機(jī)物,和藻類爭(zhēng)奪水體中的營(yíng)養(yǎng),使水中的藻類因得不到足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)而無(wú)法繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng)繁殖。生物凈化法就是利用微生物的這一功能,人工創(chuàng)造更有利于微生物生長(zhǎng)和繁殖的環(huán)境,從而提高污染水體有機(jī)物的氧化降解效率,逐漸恢復(fù)污染水體的自凈能力。只是這種方法要取得成效,歷時(shí)較長(zhǎng)。⑥自然凈化法是根據(jù)仿生學(xué)原理,通過(guò)人工種植高等水生植物恢復(fù)水體自凈功能來(lái)降解污染物的方法。高等水生植物,如水葫蘆,在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中需要吸收大量的氮、磷和重金屬等,并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為自身的組織,從而減少水體中氮、磷和重金屬等物質(zhì)。植物根系分泌物還可促進(jìn)某些微生物的生長(zhǎng),增強(qiáng)它們的降解作用。另外,高等水生植物是浮游藻類在營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和光合作用的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,所以它能很好地抑制藻類的生長(zhǎng)。自然凈化法更適合大面積水體的凈化。⑦富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體凈化是一項(xiàng)任重道遠(yuǎn)的艱巨任務(wù),希望人們能夠根據(jù)具體情況合理運(yùn)用新方法和新技術(shù),為保護(hù)我國(guó)的水資源做出貢獻(xiàn)。18.閱讀文章,分析第①段在文中的作用。(3分)答:19.閱讀下面材料,借助文章中的相關(guān)知識(shí),分別指出治理兩處水體污染運(yùn)用哪種凈化方法最好。并選擇其中的一則材料,針對(duì)所選方法的運(yùn)用做具體說(shuō)明。(4分)【材料一】某小區(qū)有一個(gè)30立方米的景觀魚(yú)池。隨著氣溫升高,大量的魚(yú)排泄物和殘余飼料使水體渾濁發(fā)綠,藻類叢生,造成景觀魚(yú)死亡,水體的腥臭味也影響了人們的生活。【材料二】2007年6月,因氣溫較高,滇池內(nèi)藍(lán)藻大量繁殖。在昆明滇池海埂一線,綠漆般的湖水涌向岸邊,帶來(lái)一陣陣腥臭味道。據(jù)檢測(cè),滇池氮、磷含量嚴(yán)重超標(biāo),富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重,水質(zhì)惡化為劣Ⅵ類。【材料一】運(yùn)用的方法 【材料二】運(yùn)用的方法我選擇【材料 】,具體說(shuō)明:(三)閱讀下面文字,完成第20-22題。(共8分)①2012年十大流行語(yǔ)中,“正能量”力壓群雄高居榜首。何為“正能量”?“正能量”是一種健康樂(lè)觀的情感、積極向上的動(dòng)力。它給人信心和希望,鼓舞人不斷追求幸福生活,對(duì)社會(huì)的文明進(jìn)步有著極其重要的意義。“正能量”需要全社會(huì)的努力創(chuàng)造與積極傳播,才能發(fā)揮最大的社會(huì)效益。②在日常的人際交往中,我們常常有這樣的體驗(yàn):和一些帶有正能量的人打交道,能讓你感覺(jué)“活著真好”。2012年,我們生活中出現(xiàn)了最美教師張麗莉、最美司機(jī)吳斌、最美護(hù)士萬(wàn)永平……他們個(gè)人的能量雖然微弱,但為社會(huì)創(chuàng)造了“微觀正能量”,讓我們看到了人性的光輝,也使我們的言行多了一份真誠(chéng)的愛(ài)意。作為特殊群體的社會(huì)名人,知名度高,有著更強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)造正能量的能力。“高調(diào)”慈善企業(yè)家陳光標(biāo),影視巨星成龍,樂(lè)壇偶像李宇春、韓庚等,他們都積極參與公益慈善事業(yè),也使“粉絲”群體更多地關(guān)注、參與公益慈善事業(yè),為社會(huì)創(chuàng)造了正能量。可見(jiàn),社會(huì)的美好離不開(kāi)個(gè)人創(chuàng)造“微觀正能量”。③社會(huì)的進(jìn)步更需要政府積極創(chuàng)造“宏觀正能量”。【甲】政府是社會(huì)發(fā)展方向的引導(dǎo)者,是公眾生活的組織者與服務(wù)者,政府積極創(chuàng)造正能量,有著重要的引導(dǎo)作用。新一屆中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體提出“改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng),密切聯(lián)系群眾”八項(xiàng)具體措施,要求先從中央政治局做起,給地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部、黨員群眾做出表率。國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平出訪輕車簡(jiǎn)從,開(kāi)會(huì)不講套話,帶頭公布個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)。正是中央政府、高級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部積極創(chuàng)造正能量,才使得“新作風(fēng)”快速吹進(jìn)各個(gè)角落:簡(jiǎn)化了會(huì)議、接待、用餐,沒(méi)有了彩旗、鮮花、標(biāo)語(yǔ)……地方政府樸素務(wù)實(shí)的新面貌,讓民眾感受到來(lái)自各級(jí)政府的正能量,贏得了群眾的廣泛贊譽(yù)。④正能量只有得到及時(shí)、廣泛的傳播,才能發(fā)揮最大的社會(huì)效益。而正能量的傳播需要傳播者負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。媒體是正能量傳播的主渠道,要為和諧社會(huì)的創(chuàng)建營(yíng)造良好的輿論環(huán)境,而不是讓暴力、不公等“負(fù)能量”動(dòng)搖民眾的信念。同時(shí),個(gè)體傳播者也需要有正確的態(tài)度。網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代“人人都是通訊社,個(gè)個(gè)都有麥克風(fēng)”,只有每一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與者都守住道德、法律的底線,才能與媒體合力用正能量堅(jiān)固人們的精神高地。⑤社會(huì)是一輛疾馳的列車,只有多創(chuàng)造正能量,列車才能不斷前行。讓我們共同創(chuàng)造正能量,為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)而努力。20.文章的中心論點(diǎn)是什么?(2分)答:21.閱讀文章第②-④段,說(shuō)說(shuō)全社會(huì)如何做才能讓“正能量”對(duì)社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生積極作用。(4分)答:22.根據(jù)文意,選出填入【甲】處最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)(只填序號(hào)),并說(shuō)明理由。(3分)①俗語(yǔ)說(shuō):“一個(gè)好漢三個(gè)幫。”②俗語(yǔ)說(shuō):“火車跑得快,全靠車頭帶。”③俗語(yǔ)說(shuō):“路遙知馬力,日久見(jiàn)人心。”【甲】處應(yīng)填: 理由:六、作文(50分)23.題目:目光因你而停留要求:(1)請(qǐng)將題目抄寫(xiě)在答題紙上。(2)文體不限(詩(shī)歌除外)。(3)不少于600字。(4)作文中不要出現(xiàn)所在學(xué)校的校名或師生姓名。海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)語(yǔ) 文參考答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2013.5一、選擇(共12分。每小題2分)1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C二、填空(共8分)7.(1)溯洄從之(2)似曾相識(shí)燕歸來(lái)(3)綠楊陰里白沙堤(4)沉舟側(cè)畔千帆過(guò)(5)夫大國(guó) 難測(cè)也 懼有伏焉(共5分。共5小題,每小題1分,有錯(cuò)字該小題不得分)8.①治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)(或“毫無(wú)民族偏見(jiàn)”、或“認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)”等特點(diǎn)) ②二十四孝圖 ③阿長(zhǎng)(或“范愛(ài)農(nóng)”、或“無(wú)常”等人物形象)(共3分。每空1分。最后一空符合要求即可)三、綜合性學(xué)習(xí)(共11分)9.主要信息:國(guó)家圖書(shū)館以文史哲為內(nèi)容的講座場(chǎng)次所占比例最大;聽(tīng)眾對(duì)文史哲方面的講座需求最高(或“大多數(shù)聽(tīng)眾對(duì)文史哲類、藝術(shù)類講座更感興趣”)。結(jié)論:國(guó)家圖書(shū)館開(kāi)設(shè)的講座符合大多數(shù)聽(tīng)眾的需求,但藝術(shù)類講座的開(kāi)設(shè)與聽(tīng)眾需求有一定差距。(共4分。“主要信息”和“結(jié)論”,各2個(gè)要點(diǎn),每個(gè)要點(diǎn)1分)10.答案示例:(1)突出地方特色 (2)針對(duì)不同聽(tīng)眾的需求 (3)關(guān)注社會(huì)時(shí)事(或“緊貼時(shí)代脈搏”) (4)具有系列性(共4分。共4個(gè)特點(diǎn),每個(gè)特點(diǎn)1分)11. 答案示例一:圖書(shū)館講座呈現(xiàn)豐富內(nèi)容,滿足聽(tīng)眾需求。答案示例二:圖書(shū)館講座注重聽(tīng)眾需求,搭建閱讀平臺(tái)。(共3分。“語(yǔ)意”1分;“句式”1分;“字?jǐn)?shù)”1分)四、文言文閱讀(共9分)12.(1)感動(dòng)激奮(或“有所感而情緒激動(dòng)”) (2)正確的(共2分。共2小題,每小題1分)13.(1)先帝不嫌(或“因?yàn)椤保┪疑矸莸臀ⅲ?jiàn)識(shí)淺陋(或“出身低下”)。(2)早晚憂愁(或“憂慮”)嘆息,唯恐托付給我的大事做得沒(méi)有成效。(共4分。共2小題,每小題2分)14.答案示例:平定南方叛亂,備足武器裝備,主動(dòng)承擔(dān)討賊興復(fù)的責(zé)任,勸諫陛下聽(tīng)取忠言并采納正確的建議。(共3分。答出其中任意3點(diǎn),即可得滿分。意思對(duì)即可)五、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(共30分)(一)(共15分)15. 答案示例:①冰心概述自己的一生 ,并告誡作者要敢于說(shuō)真話 ②敬佩 ③感動(dòng) ④冰心和作者談?wù)摻Y(jié)婚時(shí)的情況,并告訴作者要樂(lè)觀面對(duì)苦難(共4分。共4空,每空1分)16. 答案示例:(1)“著意”表現(xiàn)了冰心殷切地希望“我”有社會(huì)責(zé)任感、敢為人民說(shuō)真話的心理。(2)“嗔怪”表現(xiàn)了冰心對(duì)“我”說(shuō)話內(nèi)容的不滿,又飽含對(duì)“我”的關(guān)愛(ài),希望“我”健康長(zhǎng)壽的心理。(共4分。共2小題,每小題2分)17.答案示例:“致”表達(dá)了作者對(duì)冰心的感激、敬仰之情。“大海”象征了冰心博大的愛(ài)和寬廣的胸懷。文章中冰心在與作者交往中所表現(xiàn)出的那種率真、親切,對(duì)晚輩的關(guān)愛(ài)和祝福,以及對(duì)作者敢說(shuō)真話、善待苦難的教導(dǎo),都表現(xiàn)了她的智慧、仁愛(ài)、膽識(shí)、樂(lè)觀,是她“有了愛(ài)便有了一切”的高尚人格的體現(xiàn)。以此為題,表達(dá)了作者對(duì)冰心的感激和敬仰之情。(共7分。“致大海”的理解,2分;結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容,2分;扣住內(nèi)容分析,2分;語(yǔ)言表達(dá),1分)(二)(共7分)18.答案示例:文章第①段介紹了什么是水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化,寫(xiě)出了水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的現(xiàn)狀,表明治理水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化污染的重要性,引出下文對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體凈化方法的說(shuō)明。(共3分。“內(nèi)容”概括,1分;“作用”說(shuō)明,2分)19.物理凈化法 自然凈化法答案示例一:【材料一】對(duì)魚(yú)池水體進(jìn)行過(guò)濾,打撈水藻和懸浮物,對(duì)魚(yú)排泄物及殘余飼料進(jìn)行清淤,最后引水稀釋。答案示例二:【材料二】人工種植高等水生植物,使其吸收滇池中的氮、磷;促進(jìn)微生物的生長(zhǎng),增強(qiáng)它們的降解作用;能夠抑制藍(lán)藻的生長(zhǎng)。(共4分。正確選擇方法,1分;結(jié)合材料對(duì)所選方法的運(yùn)用做具體說(shuō)明,3分)(三)(共8分)20.“正能量”需要全社會(huì)的努力創(chuàng)造與積極傳播,才能發(fā)揮最大的社會(huì)效益。(共2分)21. 答案示例:個(gè)人努力創(chuàng)造“微觀正能量”;政府積極創(chuàng)造“宏觀正能量”;傳播者以負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度傳播“正能量”。(共3分,共3個(gè)要點(diǎn),每個(gè)要點(diǎn)1分)22.②答案示例一:這句俗語(yǔ)將政府的重要作用比作火車頭,形象地寫(xiě)出政府在社會(huì)生活中的重要引導(dǎo)作用,推動(dòng)了社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。這句俗語(yǔ)可以證明社會(huì)的進(jìn)步更需要政府積極創(chuàng)造“宏觀正能量”的分論點(diǎn)。答案示例二:整個(gè)社會(huì)如一列火車,而政府是社會(huì)發(fā)展方向的引導(dǎo)者,就像火車頭一樣,如果政府能夠做出表率,積極創(chuàng)造正能量,就能夠產(chǎn)生巨大的社會(huì)效應(yīng),給民眾希望與信心,帶動(dòng)廣大民眾也積極參與。這句俗語(yǔ)可以證明社會(huì)的進(jìn)步更需要政府積極創(chuàng)造“宏觀正能量”的分論點(diǎn)。(共3分,正確選擇俗語(yǔ),1分;說(shuō)明理由,2分)六、寫(xiě)作(50分)作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)23.項(xiàng)目等級(jí) 內(nèi)容、表達(dá)(46分) 說(shuō) 明 書(shū)寫(xiě)(4分)一類卷(50—43) 要求:符合題意,內(nèi)容具體,中心明確;條理清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)合理;語(yǔ)言通順,有2處以下語(yǔ)病。賦分范圍:46—39分 以42分為基準(zhǔn)分上下浮動(dòng),然后加書(shū)寫(xiě)項(xiàng)的得分。 4分書(shū)寫(xiě)工整,標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確,錯(cuò)別字2個(gè)以下,格式規(guī)范。二類卷(42—37) 要求:比較符合題意,內(nèi)容比較具體,中心比較明確;條理比較清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)比較合理;語(yǔ)言比較通順,有3—4處語(yǔ)病。賦分范圍:38—33分 以36分為基準(zhǔn)分上下浮動(dòng),然后加書(shū)寫(xiě)項(xiàng)的得分。 3分書(shū)寫(xiě)工整,標(biāo)點(diǎn)大體正確,錯(cuò)別字3—4個(gè),格式規(guī)范。三類卷(36—30) 要求:基本符合題意,內(nèi)容尚具體,中心基本明確;條理基本清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)基本完整;語(yǔ)言基本通順,有5—6處語(yǔ)病。賦分范圍:32—26分 以29分為基準(zhǔn)分上下浮動(dòng),然后加書(shū)寫(xiě)項(xiàng)的得分。 2分字跡不夠清楚,標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤較多,錯(cuò)別字5—7個(gè),格式大體規(guī)范。四類卷(29—0) 要求:不符合題意,內(nèi)容空洞,中心不明確;條理不清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)不完整;語(yǔ)言不通順,有7處以上語(yǔ)病。賦分范圍:25—0分 以17分為基準(zhǔn)分上下浮動(dòng),然后加書(shū)寫(xiě)項(xiàng)的得分。 1—0分字跡潦草,難以辨認(rèn),標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤很多,錯(cuò)別字8個(gè)以上,格式不規(guī)范。說(shuō)明:1.字?jǐn)?shù)不足600字,每少50字扣1分,最多扣3分。2.作文中如出現(xiàn)所在學(xué)校的校名或師生姓名,從總得分中扣4分。海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)英 語(yǔ)2013.5學(xué)校 __________ 班級(jí) __________ 姓名 __________ 成績(jī) __________聽(tīng)力理解(共26分)聽(tīng)對(duì)話,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三幅圖片中選擇與對(duì)話內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。(共4分,每小題1分)1.A B C2.A B C3.A B C4.A B C二、聽(tīng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,根據(jù)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的內(nèi)容,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。(共12分,每小題1分)請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第5至第6小題。5. Who bought the shirt A. The man’s friend. B. The man’s son. C. The man’s daughter.6. What size should the man try A. Size 12. B. Size 14. C. Size 16.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第7至第8小題。7. Where is Bob now A. At the library. B. At the office. C. At home.8. When will Paul call Bob again A. Tomorrow morning. B. Tomorrow afternoon. C. Tomorrow evening.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第9至第10小題。9. Where does the woman want to go A. The Great Wall. B. The Summer Palace. C. The Science Museum.10. How will the woman get there A. On foot. B. By subway. C. By taxi.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第11至第13小題。11. What kind of music does the woman like A. Pop music. B. Classical music. C. Rock music.12. When did the man start to play the piano A. When he was six. B. When he was eight. C. When he was ten.13. What’s the conversation mainly about A. Famous people. B. Music. C. Games.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段獨(dú)白,完成第14至第16小題。14. Which state was the first one to have a state tree A. Texas. B. Hawaii. C. Virginia.15. Why did Minnesoda choose conifer trees(針葉樹(shù)) A. Because the children there liked them best.B. Because they were used for house building.C. Because the flowers were beautiful in spring.16. What’s the speaker mainly talking about A. The importance of protecting trees.B. Planting trees in different states.C. How state trees were chosen.聽(tīng)對(duì)話,根據(jù)所聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容和提示詞語(yǔ),將所缺的關(guān)鍵信息填寫(xiě)在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。(共10分,每小題2分)Making MoneyPurpose To take a 17 to the north in February.Ways Delivering(送) papers Don’t have a 18 .19 ◆Put an ad in the Sunday Newspaper.◆From 20 to Friday, sometimes on weekends.◆Try 2 dollars for 21 for each dog.知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共25分)四、單項(xiàng)填空(共13分,每小題1分)從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。22. Larry, please pass _______the dictionary,.A. I B. me C. my D. mine23. The famous singer will give a performance _______ the concert hall.A. by B. at C. on D. of24. Mr. Green can’t go to the meeting ______ he has a bad cold.A. because B. unless C. whether D. although25. The computer works well. There is _____ wrong with it.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything26. Traveling abroad is much __________ than before.A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest27. You ______ cross the road when the traffic lights are red.A. can B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t28. Jim will phone you as soon as he _______ the tickets to the art exhibition.A. gets B. got C. has got D. will get29. I _______ a picnic with my brother yesterday. It was very great.A. have B. had C. will have D. am having30. Linda _____ Chinese for one year and she can speak good Chinese.A. learn B. learned C. has learned D. will learn31. My teachers often tell us how _______ a healthy life.A. to live B. living C. live D. lives32. All my classmates are busy _______ ready for the PE test.A. get B. to get C. getting D. got33. A new zoo _____ in that area next year.A. built B. was built C. builds D. will be built34. —Do you know ________now —Outside the school gate.A. where Kate is waiting for her mother B. where is Kate waiting for her motherC. where Kate was waiting for her mother D. where was Kate waiting for her mother五、完形填空(共12分,每小題1分)閱讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。It was 1st January, the first day of the year and a holiday for me. I thought of getting the bank work out of the way. The bank person just nodded to my 35 “Happy New Year” when I sat in front of him.He was busy at that moment. After a few minutes he took my form and started filling in my details. I sat there 36 why we had computerized banking if we were still filling in forms.After waiting for a few more minutes, in which I showed all 37 of being impatient, I asked him if my work was done. He shouted even without looking at me, “Nothing is done, it will take time!”Just then I saw his morning cup of tea which had been lying there for ten minutes, untouched. The tea had turned 38 cold while he was doing his work. Suddenly I felt what this man must be feeling when customers 39 me came always in a hurry to get their work done. We did not even 40 the need to thank them for being there. He must be feeling so 41 that “here comes another person who will push me for doing his work first.”On an instinct(直覺(jué)) I told him, “Sir, please have your tea, I am not in a hurry.” He suddenly looked up at me and for the first time we had eye contact. I saw both of us sailing in the same boat. I felt that he was also 42 the small things in life like a cup of hot tea for a few more minutes. He gave me a smile and said, “It is an everyday affair with me; you are not in a hurry but 43 else will come, who will be in a hurry.”He really touched my heart with his wise 44 . I felt that we had all put shields (盾牌) on our hearts like we put gloves on our hands. All this time I thought of him as a robot, someone who was there for my convenience, 45 today I suddenly felt a strange closeness with him. I promised to be more friendly with people who helped me and be 46 that they were there for me.35. A. sad B. angry C. polite D. honest36. A. requiring B. wondering C. expecting D. arguing37. A. things B. points C. signs D. facts38. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. only39. A. from B. with C. for D. like40. A. accept B. feel C. insist D. meet41. A. surprised B. terrified C. annoyed D. embarrassed42. A. facing B. finding C. losing D. missing43. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody44. A. ways B. words C. values D. letters45. A. as B. though C. and D. but46. A. thankful B. patient C. hopeful D. luck閱讀理解(共44分)六、閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。(共26分,每小題2分)AShare and Read Do you have any books on your bookshelf for many years Instead of throwing them away, here is another way for you to consider. If you have books that you do not read anymore, you can share them with others. You can take the books to Share and Read. Share and Read offers used books in different categories(類別), such as storybooks, children books, language books, cook books and computer books, etc. All the books are sold at low prices. Share and Read also aims to help poor children in China. The money raised will be donated to help build schools in rural areas. We welcome all quality books. We do not want textbooks, magazines and dictionaries. Just make sure that your books are in good condition before giving them to us.Address: 201 Riverside Main StreetWorking hours: Thursdays to Sundays from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Hotline: 7654- 4321We look forward to seeing you at Share and Read!47. If you have books that you do not read anymore, you can _______.A. sell them to friends B. throw them awayC. share them with others D. keep them on the bookshelf48. When can you take books to Share and Read A. At 3:00 pm on Thursday. B. At 7:00 pm on Sunday.C. At 11:00 am on Tuesday. D. At 8:00 am on Wednesday.49. Share and read does not want _____.A. storybooks B. textbooks C. cook books D. computer booksBThe day when the jobs were handed out was the most exciting for the children in the class. Every child was given a job for which they would be responsible for the rest of that school year.As some jobs were more interesting than others, the children were eager to be given one of the best. Among them Rita stood out. She was a kind and quiet girl. Last year she carried out the teacher's instructions perfectly. She was the favorite to be given the best job---to look after the class dog.But this year there was a big surprise. Each child received one of the normal jobs, like preparing the books for the lessons, cleaning the blackboard or looking after one of the pets. But Rita's job was very different. She was given a little box with some sand and one ant. Although the teacher insisted that this ant was very special, Rita could not help feeling disappointed."I will turn this little task into something great," Rita said to herself. She started to study everything about the little ant, gave it the best food and made the box perfect. The ant ended up growing quite a little bigger.One day, the teacher announced that Rita’s class had been chosen to accompany Doctor Martinez to the tropical rainforest to study all kinds of insects in summer, because the class had best cared for the little ant.The class was filled with joy. Everyone thanked Rita for having been so patient and responsible. And children learnt that to be given the most important tasks you have to know how to be responsible even in what are apparently the smallest tasks.50. How did Rita feel when she was given her job A. Disappointed. B. Interested. C. Worried. D. Excited.51. The class was chosen to go to the rainforest because______.A. everyone did a good job B. Rita looked after the ant wellC. Rita was given the best job D. the children studied the ant52. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage A. Being a good student will get praise and prizes.B. Every teacher thanked Rita for being kind and quiet.C. Studying insects can help people become more successful.D. We should be responsible for the job even if it seems small.CA great many people, when they speak of home, tend to connect it with a certain atmosphere, certain physical surroundings(環(huán)境), and certain emotional attitudes within themselves. This sentimentality(多愁善感) toward home is something that has come down to us from the past. Many modern people do not have it, and I think it is a good thing that they do not.In the old days, life was difficult. Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you, and you had little protection against them. People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked. They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which could call the police instantly. How did this influence the way people felt about home Small family groups clung(貼近) tightly together for protection against beasts and against other men.Today, thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society, thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born, and the oftener they do so, the less sentiment they are likely to have for those surroundings. I lived in England for three years, and I noticed that boys and girls left their parents' homes and lived in places of their own. There they could just telephone and ask an agency to provide them with a house or an apartment, which was their home. How has the meaning of this word “home” been changed by such activity What does home mean to those people or to families who often move about, living in first one hotel and then another I believe that for them home means a place where they can have privacy.As for me, the atmosphere and surroundings of the place where my parents live have no sentimental attachment(依戀). Home is where I can shut the door and be by myself. When I left my parents several years ago, I was anxious to leave. You might call it unfeeling, but that was the way I felt. On the day of my departure for the United States, my grandmother cried. My father, however, showed that he knew how I felt. "Son," he said, "I am not sorry that you are leaving us. I only hope that you make the most of your time."53. Why are modern people willing to leave their parents' homes A. Because they can afford the money to live outside.B. Because there are no wild animals or enemies around.C. Because the society provides them with the feeling of safety.D. Because they are not actually satisfied with their environment.What can we learn from the article A. Surroundings influence the way that people act.B. Not many modern people have sentimentality toward home.C. Rights to privacy are well protected in modern society.D. Older people can hardly understand the leaving of the young.What is the best title for the passage A. The History of Home B. People and HomeC. Different Ideas of Home D. Ideas of Home Have ChangedDDepression is not a choice. Rather, it is a true medical condition like high blood pressure or heart disease. In the United States alone, more than 17 million people suffer from depression with women being twice as likely as men to suffer from the disease. Depression crosses racial and socioeconomic lines. Anyone can suffer from it, and those that do are not "crazy" or "weak". They have a serious yet highly treatable disease.Feeling down You’re not alone. If depression seems pretty common, it is. One in every ten adults suffers from depression. And that’s what has scientists confused. If depression causes harm to the body, why is it so widespread in the population Some scientists think they may have the answer. Depression may have an evolutionary (進(jìn)化) benefit. It may improve one’s chances of fighting off infection (感染).Scientists have known that depressed people show an immunoreactive (免疫反應(yīng)性的) condition known as inflammation (炎癥), even when they are not infected. For several years they have been finding that genes (基因) linked to depression also affect the function of the immune system. Stress, which can lead to depression, also change the immune system. These findings suggested that depression was somehow linked to the body’s ability to fight disease.Some scientists now come up with the idea that depression might have had an evolutionary advantage in the days before modern medicine and antibiotics (抗生素). Infection was a major cause of death in early human history. Surviving those infections determined which genes were passed to the next generation.They doubt that depression helped people, especially children, stay alive from infection. Extreme tiredness leads to inactivity and less social contact which helps keep infection from spreading. Having no appetite helps avoid food sharing which can also spread infection. Sleeplessness, which is associated with both depression and immune system activation, may have been a mechanism to keep a person alert(機(jī)警) to fight off enemies after injury.If scientists are correct about this link, it could lead to new treatments for depression. They are interested in drugs that treat conditions where the immune system attacks the person’s own body, known as auto immune diseases. It is possible that medicine known to treat auto immune disease may be successful in treating depression also.56. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means ____.A. there is a depression line between different groups and societiesB. people at a higher social position may tend to suffer from depressionC. people who are living with depression could connect with each otherD. anyone can get depression whatever their economic states and backgrounds are57. In Paragraph 2 the author ______.A. introduces an idea on depressionB. gives an example to show his ideaC. explains how depression worksD. describes the depression problems58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE A. Depression can spread infection.B. Stress may affect the function of the immune system.C. Women are less likely to suffer from depression.D. Modern medicine is widely used for treating depression.59. The writer mainly wants to tell people that depression _____.A. is serious but highly treatable diseaseB. could have its advantages in scientific researchC. may improve one’s chances of fighting off infectionD. is a true medical condition like high blood pressure七、閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(共8分,每小題2分)The professor always tried so hard. He had tons of brilliant ideas — but they never worked. Time after time, he would dream up an amazing idea that was sure to change the world — and then it didn’t. 60 . “A time machine!” he shouted. The professor’s dream wasn’t just any old time machine. 61 .But his wife wasn’t so sure about the professor’s great idea. “It’ll never work. You can’t make time,” she doubted. The professor disagreed. “ 62 . If you can make money and save money, why can’t you do the same with time ”In his workshop, the professor drew lots of plans for his new time machine. He soon lost track(軌道) of time. He created model clocks of every shape and size. 63 . Finally, he made an amazing discovery — a way to save time and give him lots of extra(額外) time. “I’ve got it!” he cried. “If I give up my time machine project, I’ll have plenty of time for other things!”A. Time is moneyB. His invention would allow people to create time C. He tried every way he could think of D. The professor’s idea became famousE. One day, an idea hit him suddenly八、閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。(共10分,每小題2分)Beijing is a crowded city of high-rise buildings everywhere. When there is a fire, it can spread easily and quickly. Every year, there are thousands of people losing not only their property (財(cái)產(chǎn))but also their loved ones in fires. In many cases, these fires happened because people were careless. To prevent fires at home, it is important to monitor(監(jiān)督) some household activities.Use of electrical appliancesAlways pay attention to the electrical wiring and electrical appliances(電器) that you are using. Choose proper electrical appliances and use them correctly. For example, allow enough space behind your TV sets to make sure that there is room for the heat to escape. Do not put heaters near newspapers or other materials that can burn easily. When the electrical appliances are not in use, disconnect them from the electricity supply. When you notice problems with your electrical appliances, make sure to repair or replace them quickly. It is also important to avoid connecting too many plugs to the same socket(插座) as fires may result.Fire risks in the kitchenThe kitchen is a place where we can find fuel(燃料), cooking stoves and many different kinds of electrical appliances. Because of this, you have to be more careful when working in the kitchen. Before cooking, open the windows to allow fresh air into the kitchen. Do not leave the kitchen when a stove is in use. Keep food packages and waste paper away from a stove as well. If you smell strong gas in the kitchen, disconnect the gas supply and contact your gas supply company immediately.Matches and lightersPut matches and lighters in safe places. Do not let children play with them.Emergency exitsDo not block the emergency exits(緊急出口) or lock them. When there is a fire, the emergency exits are your main escape paths.64.Why did fire happen in many cases 65. Where shouldn’t we put the heater 66. Is it important to avoid connecting too many plugs to the same socket 67. What should we do before cooking 68. What is the purpose of the passage 書(shū)面表達(dá)(共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小題2分)根據(jù)中文意思完成句子。69. 你最好每天運(yùn)動(dòng)一小時(shí)來(lái)保持健康。______________ do exercise for an hour a day to keep fit.70. 你能在我外出的時(shí)候澆花嗎?______________ water the flowers while I am away 71. 昨天他直到看完這本書(shū)才休息。Yesterday, he_________ he finished reading the book.72. 學(xué)得越多,你就越會(huì)意識(shí)到自己知道德有多么少。The more you learn,______________ you know.73. 為了使北京的空氣更潔凈,我們要盡量多乘坐公交車。We should _______________________ in Beijing.十、文段表達(dá)(15分)根據(jù)中文大意和英文提示詞語(yǔ),寫(xiě)出意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于60詞的短文,所給英文提示詞語(yǔ)僅供選用,請(qǐng)不要寫(xiě)出你的校名和姓名。74. 父母為我們付出了很多,你又做過(guò)哪些事情來(lái)表達(dá)自己的感恩之情呢?某英文報(bào)紙就“感恩”主題進(jìn)行征文,請(qǐng)你投稿。描述你為父母做過(guò)的一件事,并談?wù)勀愕母惺堋?br/>提示詞語(yǔ):grow up, show’ one’s gratitude (表示感激), something special______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期英語(yǔ)期中練習(xí)參考答案2013.5聽(tīng)力理解(共26分)一、聽(tīng)對(duì)話選圖。(共4分,每小題1分)1. C 2.A 3.A 4.B二、聽(tīng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,選擇答案。(共12分,每小題1分)5. C 6. B 7.A 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C三、聽(tīng)對(duì)話,記錄關(guān)鍵信息(共10分,每小題2分)17. trip 18. bike 19. Walking dogs 20. Monday 21. half an hour知識(shí)運(yùn)用 (共25分)四、單項(xiàng)填空(共13分,每小題1分)22. B 23. D 24.A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C31.D 32. C 33. D 34. A五、完形填空(共12分,每小題1分)35.C 36.B 37.C 38.A 39.D 40.B 41. C 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.D 46.A閱讀理解(共44分)六、閱讀短文,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。(共26分,每小題2分)47. C 48. A 49. B 50.A 51. B 52. D 53.C 54. B 55. D 56.D 57. A 58.B 59.C七、閱讀短文,還原句子。(共8分,每小題2分)60. E 61.B 62. A 63. C八、閱讀短文,回答問(wèn)題。(共10分,每小題2分)64. Because people were careless.65. We shouldn’t put heaters near newspapers or other materials that can burn easily.66. Yes./ Yes, it is.67. (We should ) Open the windows to allow fresh air into the kitchen.68. To tell us how to / Some useful ways to prevent fires (at home). / To tell something about fire prevention( at home).書(shū)面表達(dá)(共25分)九、完成句子(共10分,每小題2分)69. You’d better70. Would/ Could/Will you please71. didn't (have a) rest until72. the more you will realize how little73.( try to) take the bus as much as possible (in order ) to make the air cleaner / so that we can make the air cleaner/ fresher十、文段表達(dá)(共15分)74. One possible version:There’s no doubt that parents have given me a lot since I was born. With their care, I grow up happily. So I think it is necessary to do something special for them to show my gratitude.Both of my parents love music. So it would be a great idea to buy a wonderful CD for them. Last Sunday, I went to a bookstore and chose one among the top 10. While we were having dinner together, I played the CD. It was beautiful. With great joy, they gave me a warm hug and a big smile. I felt very sweet.I was really proud that I did something for my parents. Their smiles were the best encouragement for me. I made up my mind to do things like this more often.聽(tīng)力錄音材料一、聽(tīng)對(duì)話,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三幅圖片中選擇與對(duì)話內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。Number 1M: What would you like, tea or coffee W: Coffee, please.Number 2M: Shall we go to the cinema W: Yes, I’d love to.Number 3M: The radio says it’ll be windy tomorrow.W: I hope not. Tomorrow we’ll hold a sports meeting on the playground.Number 4W: What do you usually do on weekends M: I often go fishing with my friends.二、聽(tīng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,根據(jù)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的內(nèi)容,從下面各題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第5至第6小題。W: Can I help you M: Yes, please. Yesterday my daughter bought me this shirt here. I'd like to change it.W: What's the problem M: I'm afraid it doesn't fit. It's a size 12 and it's too small.W: Mm. Then perhaps you should try a size 14.M: OK. That will be fine. Thank you.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第7至第8小題。M: Hello, is Bob there please W: I’m sorry. He has gone to the library.M: Oh, this is Paul. When will he be back W: He will be back at about 7 o’clock.M: Can I leave a message please W: Yes, certainly.M: Please tell him I’ll call him at the office tomorrow afternoon.W: All right, I’ll tell him when he comes back.M: Thank you very much.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第9至第10小題。W: Excuse me, officer. Can you help me M: Sure.W: Can you tell me how to get to the Science Museum M: You should take the Subway Line 8.W: Is there a station near here M: Walk along the street, turn right at the traffic lights and then you will see the subway station.W: Thank you.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話,完成第11至第13小題。W: What are you listening to Is that Beethoven or Mozart M: It's Mozart. Do you like it W: I think Mozart's music is wonderful. I've heard that listening to it can make you more intelligent. Do you believe that M: I don't know about that, but I do think that it helps people relax.W: What other kind of music do you listen to M: Actually, I mostly just listen to classical music. What about you W: To be honest, I think classical music is too hard for me.M: What kind of music do you prefer W: I like pop music. Do you M: Not really. I don't think pop music has much deep meaning.W: I see what you mean. I think that's why I like it so much.M: How long have you been into pop music W: I've always been into it. Have you always liked classical music M: Not really. When I was little, I didn't really listen to music at all.W: So, how did you become interested in it M: Well, when I was about 10 years old, I started playing the piano. I think that's how it all started.W: Do you still play the piano M: Yes, it's one of my hobbies.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段獨(dú)白,完成第14至第16小題。Trees are an important part of American history. All 50 states in America have official state trees, but many people do not know how and why these trees were chosen. Each state has its own special story about how its official state tree was chosen.Texas was the first state to have a state tree. People in Texas made the pecan tree their official state tree in 1919. When people in other states heard about the news, they decided to have their offical state trees, too.People in Minnesoda picked conifer trees because the trees were used for house and ship building, important industries in the state. Hawaii is the only state that chose a tree that was not native to its own state. Virginia chose the flowering dogwood tree because the flowers were beautiful in spring. Mississipi had an interesting way of picking their official state trees. They asked school children to choose the tree they liked best.The next time you enjoy the shade of a tree, it might just be an official tree of the state you are in or a tree that helped build Ameica. In many ways, you could be standing in the shade of history.三、聽(tīng)對(duì)話,根據(jù)所聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容和提示詞語(yǔ),將所缺的關(guān)鍵信息填寫(xiě)在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。M: I need to make some money so that I can take a trip to the north in February. Do you know any way of making money W: How about delivering papers M: I’ve already thought of that. But I don’t have a bike.W: How about walking dogs M: What Walking dogs W: Yeah, you know there are lots of people around here with little dogs.M: I don’t know. How much can I make W: More than delivering papers. The dogs have to be walked every day — at least Monday through Friday when people are at work. A lot of people go away on weekends and someone has to look after their dogs then.M: Well, I do like animals. How can I go about finding dogs to walk W: Put an advertisement in the Sunday Newspaper.M: But how much do I ask for walking a dog And how much is an ad W: An ad is under ten dollars I’m sure. Walking a dog, you can try for two dollars for half an hour— that would be ten dollars for five times a week. You can walk four dogs every day after school. You can get rich.海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)物 理 2013.5考生須知 1.本試卷共8頁(yè),共五道大題,39個(gè)小題,滿分100分。考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.在答題紙上認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)學(xué)校名稱、姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)。3.試題答案一律填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題紙上,在試卷上作答無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束,請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(下列各小題均有四個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意。共28分,每小題2分)1.在國(guó)際單位制中,功率的單位是A.瓦特 B.牛頓 C.焦耳 D.帕斯卡2.圖1所示的四種現(xiàn)象中,屬于光的反射現(xiàn)象的是3.下列餐具中,通常情況下屬于導(dǎo)體的是A.玻璃杯 B.竹筷 C.瓷碗 D.不銹鋼湯匙4.下列實(shí)例中,目的是為了減小摩擦的是A.防滑手套的內(nèi)側(cè)布滿乳膠凸點(diǎn) B.鞋底和輪胎上刻有凹凸的花紋C.給自行車車輪的軸加潤(rùn)滑油 D.騎自行車的人剎車時(shí)用力捏閘5.下列家用電器中,利用電流熱效應(yīng)工作的是A.電視機(jī) B.電熱水器 C.抽油煙機(jī) D.電冰箱6.圖2所示的四個(gè)實(shí)例中,為了減小壓強(qiáng)的是7.下列物態(tài)變化中,屬于升華的是A.早春,冰雪消融 B.盛夏,從冰箱中取出的飲料瓶外壁“出汗”C.初秋,田野花草掛上露珠 D.寒冬,堆起的雪人沒(méi)有熔化卻變小了8.圖3所示的用具中,屬于費(fèi)力杠桿的是9.下列估測(cè)值中,最接近實(shí)際的是A.體育課中常用的實(shí)心球質(zhì)量為50g B.乒乓球的直徑約為10cmC.一塊橡皮的質(zhì)量約為500g D.普通課桌的高度約為0.8m10.下列關(guān)于聲現(xiàn)象的說(shuō)法中正確的是A.物體發(fā)聲時(shí)不一定在振動(dòng)B.“震耳欲聾”說(shuō)明聲音的音調(diào)高C.課堂上能聽(tīng)到老師的講課聲,說(shuō)明空氣能夠傳聲D.市區(qū)內(nèi)某些路段“禁鳴喇叭”,是在聲音傳播的過(guò)程中減弱噪聲11.關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)和靜止,下列說(shuō)法中正確的是A.加油機(jī)在空中給受油機(jī)加油時(shí),它們是相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的B.“神舟九號(hào)”與“天宮一號(hào)”對(duì)接成功后,它們是相對(duì)靜止的C.小明坐在行駛的汽車內(nèi),看到路旁的樹(shù)向后退,是以路旁的樓房為參照物D.站在上升的觀光電梯里的乘客認(rèn)為電梯是靜止的,是以地面為參照物12.圖4甲所示為一臺(tái)電壓力鍋,它結(jié)合了高壓鍋和電飯鍋的優(yōu)點(diǎn),省時(shí)省電、安全性高。當(dāng)電壓力鍋內(nèi)部氣壓過(guò)大或溫度過(guò)高時(shí),發(fā)熱器都會(huì)停止工作。圖4乙中S1為過(guò)壓保護(hù)開(kāi)關(guān),S2為過(guò)熱保護(hù)開(kāi)關(guān),壓強(qiáng)過(guò)大時(shí)開(kāi)關(guān)S1自動(dòng)斷開(kāi),溫度過(guò)高時(shí)開(kāi)關(guān)S2自動(dòng)斷開(kāi)。圖4乙表示S1、S2和鍋內(nèi)發(fā)熱器的連接情況,其中符合上述工作要求的是13.圖5所示電路中,電源兩端電壓保持不變。閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S,將滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片P由b端向a端滑動(dòng)一段距離,電壓表V1、V2示數(shù)的變化量分別為ΔU1、ΔU2,電流表示數(shù)的變化量為ΔI。不考慮溫度對(duì)燈絲電阻的影響,下列判斷中正確的是A.電壓表V1示數(shù)變大,電壓表V2示數(shù)變大,電流表示數(shù)變大B.電壓表V1示數(shù)變大,電壓表V2示數(shù)變小,電壓表V2與V1的示數(shù)之差不變C.定值電阻R1的阻值為D.小燈泡L消耗的電功率增大了14.放在水平桌面上的甲、乙兩個(gè)圓柱形容器中分別盛有密度為ρ1、ρ2的液體。物體A、B是兩個(gè)實(shí)心正方體,密度分別為ρA、ρB,所受的重力分別為GA、GB,體積分別為VA、VB。將物體A和B以不同的方式先后放入甲、乙兩容器的液體中,如圖6所示。在甲容器中,B疊放在A上,A有的體積露出液面,液體對(duì)容器底的壓力比未放入物體時(shí)增大了ΔF甲。在乙容器中,A、B通過(guò)細(xì)繩相連,B受到容器底的支持力為F支(B與容器底不密合),受到細(xì)繩的拉力為F拉,液體對(duì)容器底的壓力比未放入物體時(shí)增大了ΔF乙。不計(jì)細(xì)繩的質(zhì)量和體積,已知ρ1: ρ2=2: 1,VA: VB =27: 8,F(xiàn)支: F拉=1: 21,下列判斷中正確的是A.ρA: ρB=8: 135,ΔF甲:ΔF乙=1:1B.ρA: ρB=8: 135,ΔF甲:F支=35: 1C.ρA: ρ1=1: 9,F(xiàn)拉:GA=2: 7D.ρB: ρ2=15: 4,F(xiàn)拉:GB=7: 10二、多項(xiàng)選擇題(下列各小題均有四個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中符合題意的選項(xiàng)均多于一個(gè)。共12分,每小題3分。每小題選項(xiàng)全選對(duì)的得3分,選對(duì)但不全的得2分,有錯(cuò)選的不得分)15.下列說(shuō)法中正確的是A.20℃的水一定比80℃的水含有的熱量少B.酒精燈內(nèi)的酒精用去一半后,酒精的熱值不變C.用鋸條鋸木板,鋸條的溫度升高,是用做功的方式增大了鋸條的內(nèi)能D.發(fā)生沙塵暴時(shí),沙塵漫天浮動(dòng),這種現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明分子在永不停息地做無(wú)規(guī)則運(yùn)動(dòng)16.關(guān)于電磁現(xiàn)象,下列說(shuō)法中正確的是A.通電導(dǎo)體周圍一定存在磁場(chǎng)B.磁場(chǎng)對(duì)放入其中的磁體具有力的作用C.能自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的小磁針靜止后,N極指向地理南極附近D.發(fā)電機(jī)是依據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象制成的17.下列說(shuō)法中正確的是A.電流通過(guò)阻值為R的一段導(dǎo)體,一定消耗了電能B.閉合的電路中有電流,就一定有正電荷發(fā)生定向移動(dòng)C.額定功率越大的用電器,正常工作時(shí)消耗的電能越多D.家庭電路中的空氣開(kāi)關(guān)自動(dòng)斷開(kāi),電路中不一定發(fā)生了短路18.下列說(shuō)法中正確的是A.物體受平衡力作用時(shí),機(jī)械能可能減小B.物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向可能與它受到的合力方向相反C.豎直上拋的籃球速度為零時(shí),籃球受到的合力也為零D.小明乘電梯勻速上升時(shí),他對(duì)電梯的壓力和電梯對(duì)他的支持力二力平衡三、填空題(共12分,每小題2分)19.光在發(fā)生反射時(shí),反射角______(選填“小于”、“等于”或“大于”)入射角。20.光在真空中的傳播速度是______m/s。21.電熱水器將50kg水從30℃加熱到50℃,水吸收的熱量為_(kāi)_____J。[水的比熱容為4.2×103J/(kg ·℃)]22.一個(gè)阻值為20Ω的電阻通以2A的電流,在10s的時(shí)間內(nèi)所產(chǎn)生的熱量為_(kāi)_____J。23.圖7所示電路中,電源兩端電壓保持U=9V不變,L為標(biāo)有“6V 3.6W”的小燈泡(燈絲電阻不隨溫度變化),R為保護(hù)電阻。電壓表量程為0~3V,滑動(dòng)變阻器的最大阻值為10Ω。閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S后,滑動(dòng)變阻器滑片移至最左端時(shí),小燈泡恰好正常發(fā)光。在保證電表安全的條件下,保護(hù)電阻R消耗電能的最小功率為_(kāi)_____W。24.宋朝的懷丙用如圖8所示的方法打撈落入水底的鐵牛:把一根圓木綁在兩只裝著沙土的打撈船上,請(qǐng)人潛到水底,用繩索捆牢鐵牛,將繩剛好拉直,并將繩索的另一端捆在兩船間的圓木上。然后,把船上的沙土卸走,鐵牛就被拉起。假設(shè)鐵牛由某種密度為ρ=8×103kg/m3的鐵合金制成,質(zhì)量為4.8t,沉入湖水靜止的湖底,鐵牛的底部與湖底不密合。每只打撈船的質(zhì)量為1.15t,每只船上各站著2名質(zhì)量為50kg的工人,船內(nèi)裝有等質(zhì)量的沙土,圓木的質(zhì)量為100kg。兩只船浸入水中的深度相同,每只船浸入水中的深度與船排開(kāi)水的體積關(guān)系如下表所示。忽略繩索質(zhì)量,湖的面積很大。如果將船中沙土全部卸光后,能使鐵牛的底部提升至距離湖底20 cm的高度,最初船離岸時(shí)每只船內(nèi)應(yīng)裝沙土的質(zhì)量為_(kāi)_____kg。(g取10N/kg)船浸入水中的深度h/m 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6排水體積V/m3 0.7 1.5 2.4 3.4 4.5 5.6四、實(shí)驗(yàn)與探究題(共35分,其中25-28、30、33-35題各2分, 32、36題各3分,29、31題4分,37題5分)25.如圖9所示,溫度計(jì)的示數(shù)為 ______℃。26.如圖10所示,電能表的示數(shù)為 ______kW·h。27.如圖11所示,通電螺線管的左端是 ______極(選填“N”或“S”)。28.在圖12中畫(huà)出小球A所受重力的示意圖。29.小剛在探究海波和蜂蠟的熔化規(guī)律時(shí),記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)如下表所示,請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題。加熱時(shí)間/min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10蜂蠟的溫度/℃ 40 41 42 44 46 47 48 49 51 52 54海波的溫度/℃ 40 42 44 46 48 48 48 48 48 50 53根據(jù)表中的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)可以判斷:(1)蜂蠟屬于______(選填“晶體”或“非晶體”);(2)海波的熔點(diǎn)為_(kāi)_____℃。30.小青測(cè)量某種液體的密度時(shí),首先將天平放在水平桌面上,并將游碼放在零刻度線處,發(fā)現(xiàn)指針偏向分度盤(pán)中央刻度線左側(cè),她應(yīng)向______(選填“左”或“右”)側(cè)調(diào)節(jié)平衡螺母,直至指針指在分度盤(pán)中央刻度線。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟:向瓶中倒入適量液體,用天平測(cè)出瓶和液體的總質(zhì)量m1,如圖13甲所示;將瓶中的部分液體倒入量筒中,用天平測(cè)出瓶和剩余液體的質(zhì)量m2,如圖13乙所示;用量筒測(cè)出倒入液體的體積V,圖13丙所示。由以上數(shù)據(jù)可以得到液體的密度ρ=______g/cm3。31.小華進(jìn)行“探究凸透鏡成像規(guī)律”的實(shí)驗(yàn)。如圖14所示,實(shí)驗(yàn)桌上備有帶支架的蠟燭、光屏、兩個(gè)焦距不同的凸透鏡A和凸透鏡B、平行光光源(接通電源后可發(fā)出平行光)、光具座等器材。(1)小華首先測(cè)量凸透鏡A的焦距:將凸透鏡A固定在光具座上50cm刻線處,平行光光源發(fā)出平行于透鏡主光軸的平行光照射到凸透鏡A上,在透鏡另一側(cè)移動(dòng)光屏直到光屏上的光斑最小,如圖14甲所示,凸透鏡A的焦距f1=______cm;(2)保持凸透鏡A位置不變,將點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭放在光具座上35cm刻線處時(shí),移動(dòng)光屏,在光屏上可以得到燭焰倒立、放大的像,如圖14乙所示,此成像規(guī)律常應(yīng)用在______(選填“放大鏡”、“照相機(jī)”或“幻燈機(jī)”)上;(3)保持蠟燭位置不變,小華用焦距為f 2的凸透鏡B替換凸透鏡A,將凸透鏡B固定在光具座上50cm刻線處。通過(guò)移動(dòng)光屏,在光屏上得到燭焰倒立、縮小的像。由此現(xiàn)象可以判斷:凸透鏡A和凸透鏡B的焦距大小關(guān)系為f 1______f 2(選填“>”或“<”)。小華在移動(dòng)光屏?xí)r,是向______(選填“靠近”或“遠(yuǎn)離”)透鏡的方向移動(dòng)光屏的。32.在做“測(cè)小燈泡的額定功率”實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),被測(cè)小燈泡上標(biāo)有“2.5V”字樣。(1)請(qǐng)用筆畫(huà)線代替導(dǎo)線把圖15甲所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)電路連接完整(連線時(shí)導(dǎo)線不得交叉);(2)某同學(xué)連接好電路,閉合開(kāi)關(guān)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)燈不亮,電流表無(wú)示數(shù),而電壓表有明顯偏轉(zhuǎn)。他應(yīng)該檢查_(kāi)_____(選填“電流表”、“小燈泡”或“滑動(dòng)變阻器”)處是否發(fā)生斷路;(3)排除故障后,調(diào)整滑片位置至小燈泡正常發(fā)光,電流表示數(shù)如圖15乙所示,則小燈泡的額定功率為_(kāi)_____W。33.某物理興趣小組的同學(xué)想利用熱敏電阻制作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易電子溫度計(jì)。他們首先測(cè)量了該熱敏電阻的阻值隨溫度變化的關(guān)系,并繪制成如圖16甲所示的圖像。然后找來(lái)一塊電壓表、一臺(tái)恒壓電源、定值電阻R0、開(kāi)關(guān)和一些導(dǎo)線,按照?qǐng)D16乙所示的電路連接,制作成一個(gè)電子溫度計(jì)。(1)根據(jù)圖16甲,該熱敏電阻在100 C時(shí)的電阻值為_(kāi)_____Ω;(2)被測(cè)物體的溫度越高,電壓表的示數(shù)越______(選填“大”或“小”)。34.某課外活動(dòng)小組用如圖17所示的裝置,探究水沸騰時(shí),發(fā)生汽化的水的質(zhì)量與水吸收熱量的關(guān)系。由于水蒸汽的質(zhì)量難以測(cè)量,因此他們進(jìn)行了下面的實(shí)驗(yàn)。用功率恒定的電加熱器使保溫杯內(nèi)的水沸騰,持續(xù)加熱使水不斷汽化,用電子天平測(cè)量水和保溫杯的質(zhì)量m,同時(shí)用秒表測(cè)量加熱時(shí)間t,記錄數(shù)據(jù)如下表所示:加熱時(shí)間t/min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6電子天平示數(shù)m/g 500 487 474 461 448 435 422由此可初步總結(jié)出電子天平示數(shù)m與加熱時(shí)間t的關(guān)系式為:m=______。35.小明想利用一塊電流表和一個(gè)電阻箱R′測(cè)量未知電阻Rx的阻值。他選擇了滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)要求的實(shí)驗(yàn)器材,并按照?qǐng)D18所示的電路圖連接好實(shí)驗(yàn)電路。以下是他設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,請(qǐng)將實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟補(bǔ)充完整,并寫(xiě)出未知電阻Rx阻值的表達(dá)式:(1)斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān),調(diào)整電阻箱R′的阻值為R1,閉合開(kāi)關(guān),記錄電流表的示數(shù)I1和R1;(2)斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān),______;(3)根據(jù)測(cè)量得到的數(shù)據(jù),可得電阻Rx阻值的表達(dá)式Rx=______。36.小東把一塊橡皮泥捏成小碗的形狀,開(kāi)口向上輕輕放入水槽里的水中,小碗漂浮在水面上。再把這塊橡皮泥捏成小球狀放入水中,小球沉入水槽底部。于是他得出結(jié)論:物體的形狀改變,放入水中時(shí)它受到的浮力一定改變。只使用上述實(shí)驗(yàn)器材,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),證明小東的結(jié)論不正確。(1)寫(xiě)出實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟和現(xiàn)象;(2)根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象分析小東的觀點(diǎn)不正確。37.實(shí)驗(yàn)桌上有以下實(shí)驗(yàn)器材:6個(gè)形狀相同、但質(zhì)量和表面粗糙程度都不同的長(zhǎng)方體(兩端有掛鉤),彈簧測(cè)力計(jì),固定在水平桌面上的長(zhǎng)木板。請(qǐng)使用上述器材設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明:“接觸面的粗糙程度相同時(shí),滑動(dòng)摩擦力的大小與接觸面受到的壓力大小成正比”。寫(xiě)出實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟,并設(shè)計(jì)記錄數(shù)據(jù)的表格。五、計(jì)算題(共13分,38題6分,39題7分)38.如圖19所示,電源兩端電壓保持不變,R1、R2為定值電阻,開(kāi)關(guān)S3始終閉合。閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S1、斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)S2,滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片置于某位置M時(shí)(圖中未標(biāo)出),滑動(dòng)變阻器的阻值為RM,電流表的示數(shù)為I1,滑動(dòng)變阻器的電功率PM為0.4W。保持開(kāi)關(guān)S1閉合、開(kāi)關(guān)S2斷開(kāi),將滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片置于某位置N時(shí)(圖中未標(biāo)出),滑動(dòng)變阻器的阻值為RN,電流表的示數(shù)為I2,電壓表的示數(shù)為U1,滑動(dòng)變阻器的電功率PN仍為0.4W。斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)S1、閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S2,滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片仍置于位置N時(shí),電壓表的示數(shù)變?yōu)閁2。已知I1:I2=2:1,U1:U2=7:9。求:(1)滑動(dòng)變阻器接入電路的阻值RM與RN之比;(2)定值電阻R1與R2的阻值之比;(3)改變開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)和調(diào)節(jié)滑動(dòng)變阻器的阻值,使電路的電功率最大,求出電路的最大電功率。39.圖20甲是某中學(xué)科技小組設(shè)計(jì)的打撈水池中物體出水面的裝置示意圖。BOE為一輕質(zhì)桿,在其兩端分別固定著以O(shè)B和OE為半徑的兩段圓弧形的凹槽ABC和DEF,支點(diǎn)O為這兩段圓弧形凹槽對(duì)應(yīng)的圓心。輕質(zhì)繩G和H分別固定在圓弧形凹槽ABC的A點(diǎn)和DEF的D點(diǎn),桿BOE旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)細(xì)繩總能在凹槽中,繩G和H拉力的力臂始終保持不變。固定在水平地面上的電動(dòng)機(jī)M可以通過(guò)拉動(dòng)繩子H帶動(dòng)杠桿和滑輪組將水池中物體撈出水面。電動(dòng)機(jī)M的質(zhì)量m為52.5kg。電動(dòng)機(jī)M用力拉動(dòng)繩子H使柱形物體K始終以速度v勻速上升。物體K浸沒(méi)在水中勻速上升的過(guò)程中,滑輪組的機(jī)械效率為η1,電動(dòng)機(jī)M對(duì)地面的壓強(qiáng)為P1;物體K全部露出水面勻速豎直上升的過(guò)程中,滑輪組的機(jī)械效率為η2,電動(dòng)機(jī)M對(duì)地面的壓強(qiáng)為P2;電動(dòng)機(jī)M對(duì)地面的壓強(qiáng)隨時(shí)間變化的圖象如圖20乙所示。已知物體K的底面積S=0.1m2,高h(yuǎn)=0.2m, OB∶OE=3∶4,η1∶η2=27∶28。細(xì)繩和杠桿的質(zhì)量、滑輪及杠桿與軸的摩擦、細(xì)繩和凹槽的摩擦、水對(duì)物體的阻力均忽略不計(jì),K出水前后水面高度的變化忽略不計(jì),g取10N/kg。求:(1)物體K完全浸沒(méi)時(shí)受到的浮力;(2)動(dòng)滑輪的質(zhì)量;(3)若用該裝置以同樣速度打撈質(zhì)量為120kg的物體K′,求K′全部露出水面后,電動(dòng)機(jī)M拉動(dòng)繩H的功率。海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)物理試卷答案及評(píng)分參考 2013.5一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(共28分,每小題2分)題 號(hào) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14答 案 A C D C B A D B D C B A C D二、多項(xiàng)選擇題(共12分,每小題3分,全選對(duì)的得3分,選對(duì)但不全的得2分,有錯(cuò)選的不得分)題 號(hào) 15 16 17 18答 案 BC ABD AD AB三、填空題(共12分,每小題2分)題號(hào) 答案 題號(hào) 答案19 等于 20 3×10821 4.2×106 22 80023 0.8 24 4.3×103四、實(shí)驗(yàn)與探究題(共35分,其中25-28、30、33-35題各2分, 32、36題各3分,29、31題4分,37題5分)25.37 (2分)26.2013.5 (2分)27.N (2分)28.見(jiàn)答圖1 (2分)29.(1)非晶體(2分) (2)48(2分)30.(1)右(1分) (2)0.8 (1分)31.(1)10(1分) (2) 幻燈機(jī)(1分) (3)>(1分) 靠近(1分)32.(1)見(jiàn)答圖2(1分) (2)小燈泡(1分) (3)1.25(1分)33.(1)100(1分) (2)大(1分)34.500g-(13g/min)t (2分)35.調(diào)整電阻箱R′的阻值為R2,閉合開(kāi)關(guān),記錄電流表的示數(shù)I2和R2 (1分)(1分)36. 將橡皮泥捏成小碗狀放入水中,橡皮泥漂浮在水面上(1分)。將同一塊橡皮泥捏成小船狀放入水中,橡皮泥漂浮在水面上(1分)。小碗和小船受到的重力相同,漂浮時(shí)它們受到的浮力都等于重力。橡皮泥捏成小碗和小船時(shí)形狀發(fā)生改變,而放入水中受到的浮力沒(méi)有改變,小東的結(jié)論不正確(1分)(其它思路合理也得分)37.(1)用已調(diào)節(jié)好的彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)測(cè)出1個(gè)長(zhǎng)方體(記為長(zhǎng)方體A)受到的重力G,將其記錄到表格中。(1分)(2)將長(zhǎng)方體A放在長(zhǎng)木板上,用彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)沿水平方向勻速拉動(dòng),將彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)的示數(shù)F記錄到表格中。(1分)(3)用彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)測(cè)出A和另一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方體受到的總重力G,將其記錄到表格中。(4)保持長(zhǎng)方體A與長(zhǎng)木板的接觸面不變,將另一長(zhǎng)方體放在長(zhǎng)方體A之上,用彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)沿水平方向勻速拉動(dòng)長(zhǎng)方體A,保持兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)方體相對(duì)靜止,將彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)的示數(shù)F記錄到表格中。(5)分別用不同質(zhì)量的長(zhǎng)方體放在長(zhǎng)方體A上,仿照步驟(3)、(4)再做4次實(shí)驗(yàn),將各次測(cè)得的長(zhǎng)方體A和放在A上的長(zhǎng)方體受到的總重力G和勻速拉動(dòng)長(zhǎng)方體A時(shí)彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)的示數(shù)F分別記錄到表格中。(1分)(6)根據(jù)接觸面受到的壓力N=G、摩擦力f=F,分別計(jì)算出每次接觸面受到的壓力N和摩擦力f,并記錄到表格中。(1分)(表格1分)G/NF/NN/Nf/N(其它思路合理也得分)五、計(jì)算題(共13分,38題6分,39題7分)38. 解:當(dāng)閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S1、斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)S2,滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片在某位置M時(shí),等效電路如答圖3甲所示;當(dāng)閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S1、斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)S2,滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片在某位置N時(shí),等效電路如答圖3乙所示;當(dāng)斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)S1、閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S2,滑動(dòng)變阻器滑片仍在某位置N時(shí),等效電路如答圖3丙所示;當(dāng)電路消耗的電功率最大時(shí),等效電路如答圖3丁所示。…………(圖1分)解:(1)PM= I12RM=0.4W,PN= I22RN=0.4W…………(1分)(2)由于電源電壓不變,I1()=I2()又,所以, …………(1分)在圖乙中,又,所以在圖丙中,,所以…………(1分)(3)PM= I12RM=()2×RM=…………(1分),,所以:…………(1分)(其它解法正確也得分)39.解:(1)……(2分)(2)物體K浸沒(méi)在水中勻速上升時(shí),以物體K和動(dòng)滑輪的整體為研究對(duì)象,受力分析圖如答圖4甲所示;電動(dòng)機(jī)M的受力分析圖如答圖4乙所示;杠桿兩端的受力分析圖如答圖4丙所示。,, ,物體K全部露出水面勻速上升時(shí),以物體K和動(dòng)滑輪的整體為研究對(duì)象,受力分析圖如答圖5甲所示;電動(dòng)機(jī)M的受力分析圖如答圖5乙所示;杠桿兩端的受力分析圖如答圖5丙所示。…………(圖1分),, ,分析圖20乙,在0-5s的時(shí)間里,p1=2.1×104Pa;在15-20的時(shí)間里p2=1.8×104Pa。…………(1分)解得:…………(1分)(3)分析圖20乙,在5-15s的時(shí)間里,物體K從上表面開(kāi)始接觸水面到下表面離開(kāi)水面。由于K出水前后水面高度的變化忽略不計(jì):, …………(1分)K’全部露出水面后,電動(dòng)機(jī)M的拉力由幾何關(guān)系,…………(1分)(其它解法正確也得分)圖1橋在水中形成“倒影”放大鏡把圖案放大“小孔成像”蘋(píng)果在桌面上形成影子A B C D圖2A B C D縫針時(shí)手指上戴有頂針盲道上凸起的圓點(diǎn)壓路機(jī)的碾子很重安全錘的錘頭很尖圖3托盤(pán)天平 筷子 核桃鉗 羊角錘A B C D圖5 SAV2V1R1R2 L a b P 發(fā)熱器S1S2220V發(fā)熱器S1S2220V發(fā)熱器S1220VS2S1220VS2發(fā)熱器A B C D圖4甲 乙圖6B甲 乙ABA S A V P R L 圖7圖8單相電能表kWh220V 10(20)A 50Hz360r/kWh20135北 京 電 表 廠IIA圖9 圖10 圖11 圖1240℃30mL5040103020丙圖13甲20g10g012345g乙10g 5g 012345g 圖14乙甲A 平行光光源0c m5010090807060403020100c m501009080706040302010A甲 乙SS1PAB圖15電源線圖17支架電子天平保溫杯水電加熱器絕熱蓋小孔圖16圖240102030405060708090100500t/℃400300100200R/Ω熱敏電阻R0 S V 甲 乙圖24 S A圖18Rx R′圖19R1VS1PR2S2S3甲圖20D電動(dòng)機(jī)MKAOBEGFCH乙0. 5p/×104Pa1. 01. 52. 00t/s1020515252. 5AG答圖1SS1PAB答圖2RMR1PM=0.4WUI1甲U1RNR1PN=0.4WUI2乙U2RNR2U丙R1UR2丁答圖33F1F浮GK+G動(dòng)N1T1mg丙AOBEF1′FCDT1′甲乙答圖4丙AOBEF2′FCDT2′N2T2mg乙3F2GK+G動(dòng)甲答圖5海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)化 學(xué) 2013年5月考生須知 1.本試卷共8頁(yè),共四道大題,35道小題,滿分80分。考試時(shí)間100分鐘。2.在答題紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)學(xué)校名稱和姓名。3.試題答案一律填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題上上,在試卷上作答無(wú)效。4.在答題上上,選擇題用2B鉛筆作答,其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束,將本試卷、答題上和草稿紙一并交回。可能用到的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量:H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Cl 35.5Ca 40 Fe 56 Zn 65 Cu 64 Ag 108一、選擇題(每小題只有1個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意,共25個(gè)小題,每小題1分,共25分)1. 空氣中,氧氣的體積分?jǐn)?shù)約為A. 0.03% B. 0.94% C. 21% D. 78%2. 下列物質(zhì)中,屬于純凈物的是A. 食鹽水 B. 蒸餾水 C. 礦泉水 D. 石油3. 下列關(guān)于鐵絲在氧氣中燃燒的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象,描述正確的是A. 發(fā)出淡藍(lán)色火焰 B. 產(chǎn)生大量白煙,放出熱量C. 發(fā)出藍(lán)紫色火焰 D. 火星四射,生成黑色固體4. 決定元素種類的是A. 質(zhì)子數(shù) B. 中子數(shù) C. 核外電子數(shù) D.最外層電子數(shù)5. 下列物質(zhì)中,不屬于有機(jī)化合物的是A. 二氧化碳 B. 甲烷 C. 乙醇 D. 葡萄糖6. 下列物質(zhì)中,可作為復(fù)合肥料使用的是A. KNO3 B. NH4Cl C. NH4HCO3 D. Ca3(PO4)27. 鐵是人體必需的元素之一。鐵原子的質(zhì)子數(shù)為26,相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量為56,則鐵原子的核外電子數(shù)為A. 56 B. 26 C. 30 D. 288. 下列物質(zhì)中,含有氧分子的是A. O2 B. H2O2 C. SO2 D. MnO29. 某同學(xué)測(cè)定了生活中一些物品的pH,其中顯堿性的是A. 西瓜 B. 肥皂 C. 醬油 D. 潔廁靈pH 6 10 5 110. 下列化學(xué)方程式中,書(shū)寫(xiě)正確的是A. 2C + O2 2CO B. CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2OC. Fe2O3 + 3CO === 2Fe +3CO2 D. Cu + FeSO4 === CuSO4 + Fe11. 下列實(shí)驗(yàn)操作中,正確的是A. 檢查裝置氣密性 B. 稀釋濃硫酸 C. 取用少量液體 D. 點(diǎn)燃酒精燈12. 下列反應(yīng)中,在常溫下不能發(fā)生的是A. 鋁片與氧氣 B. Zn與CuSO4溶液C. K2CO3溶液與NaCl溶液 D. CuSO4溶液與NaOH溶液13. 下列物質(zhì)長(zhǎng)期露置在空氣中,質(zhì)量會(huì)減輕的是A. NaOH固體 B. 濃鹽酸 C. 濃硫酸 D. 生石灰14. 下列說(shuō)法中,正確的是A.廢棄的生石灰會(huì)帶來(lái)“白色污染”B.羊毛、棉花、蠶絲均屬于天然纖維C.二氧化硫和二氧化碳是造成酸雨的主要物質(zhì)D.缺碘會(huì)導(dǎo)致甲狀腺腫大,因此應(yīng)大量攝入碘元素15. 下列說(shuō)法中,不正確的是A.質(zhì)量守恒定律的微觀解釋是反應(yīng)前后原子的種類、數(shù)目、質(zhì)量均不改變B.氧氣與臭氧(O3)的化學(xué)性質(zhì)不同,是因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯刹煌姆肿訕?gòu)成的C.氣體可壓縮儲(chǔ)存于鋼瓶中,是因?yàn)榉肿又g有間隔D.濕衣服變干是因?yàn)樗肿臃纸饬?br/>16. 下列用途中,利用了物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)的是A. 乙醇用作酒精燈的燃料 B. 碳用于冶金工業(yè)C. 硫酸用于處理堿性廢水 D. 銅絲用于制作導(dǎo)線17. 硫的某種氧化物是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)硫酸的中間產(chǎn)物,該氧化物中硫元素的化合價(jià)為+6價(jià)。該氧化物的化學(xué)式為A. SO2 B. SO3 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO418. 下列物質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)或鑒別的方法中,正確的是A. 用澄清石灰水檢驗(yàn)二氧化碳B. 聞氣味,鑒別氧氣和氮?dú)?br/>C. 用酚酞溶液檢驗(yàn)生石灰是否變質(zhì)D. 看顏色,鑒別鹽酸和NaCl溶液19. 下列分離或除雜的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作中,正確的是A.分離銅粉和碳粉:滴加稀硫酸B.除去氯化鈉中的氫氧化鈉:滴加適量鹽酸C.除去氧氣中的一氧化碳:通過(guò)灼熱的氧化銅粉末D.除去二氧化碳中的水蒸氣:通過(guò)堿石灰(主要成分為NaOH和CaO)20.用右圖所示裝置進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。將a中的NaOH濃溶液擠入盛滿CO2氣體的b中,打開(kāi)止水夾。可能看到的現(xiàn)象是A. c中的水倒吸入導(dǎo)管中 B. 導(dǎo)管處有氣泡冒出C. 氣球脹大 D. 無(wú)明顯現(xiàn)象21. 用下圖操作可完成甲、乙兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。甲實(shí)驗(yàn)為粗鹽中難溶性雜質(zhì)的去除,乙實(shí)驗(yàn)為配制溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為16%的氯化鈉溶液。下列說(shuō)法中,正確的是① ② ③ ④ ⑤A.甲實(shí)驗(yàn)的步驟是①④⑤,其中去除雜質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵一步是蒸發(fā)B.甲實(shí)驗(yàn)各步操作中的玻璃棒都是用來(lái)攪拌的C.乙實(shí)驗(yàn)按照②③①的步驟進(jìn)行操作, 會(huì)導(dǎo)致配制的溶液濃度偏小D.乙實(shí)驗(yàn)中,若①所用燒杯剛剛用清水洗過(guò),會(huì)導(dǎo)致配制的溶液濃度偏大22.氫氧化鋁[Al(OH)3]受熱易分解,產(chǎn)生水并吸收熱量,故可用作阻燃劑;能與鹽酸、NaOH溶液反應(yīng),是藥物“復(fù)方胃舒平”的主要成分之一。實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備Al(OH)3方法為:Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH3 H2O == 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3(NH4)2SO4,通常不選用NaOH。下列判斷不正確的是A.氫氧化鋁的化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定B.復(fù)方胃舒平可用于治療胃酸過(guò)多癥C.氫氧化鋁可滅火的原因之一是降低了可燃物的溫度D.實(shí)驗(yàn)室不用NaOH溶液制備Al(OH)3,因?yàn)镹aOH會(huì)與Al(OH)3反應(yīng)23.右圖是A、B、C三種物質(zhì)的溶解度曲線,下列分析不正確的是A.50℃時(shí)A、B、C三種物質(zhì)的溶解度由大到小的順序是A>B>CB.50℃時(shí),把50 g A放入50 g水中能得到A的飽和溶液,其中溶質(zhì)與溶液質(zhì)量比為1:3C.將50℃時(shí)A、B、C三種物質(zhì)的飽和溶液降溫度20℃時(shí),這三種溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的大小關(guān)系是B>C=AD.將C的飽和溶液變?yōu)椴伙柡腿芤海刹捎媒禍氐姆椒?br/>24.已知:氧化銅可以加快過(guò)氧化氫溶液產(chǎn)生氧氣的速度,二氧化錳與硫酸不發(fā)生反應(yīng)。某黑色粉末可能由鐵粉、炭粉、氧化銅、二氧化錳中的一種或幾種組成,進(jìn)行如下實(shí)驗(yàn):①取少量固體加入過(guò)氧化氫溶液,有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生;②繼續(xù)加入足量的稀硫酸,無(wú)氣泡產(chǎn)生;③過(guò)濾,向?yàn)V出的不溶物中再次加入過(guò)氧化氫溶液,又有大量氣泡產(chǎn)生。下列對(duì)固體粉末成分的判斷中,正確的是A.可能有鐵粉 B.一定有炭粉 C.一定有氧化銅 D.一定有二氧化錳25.下列四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,“操作—圖像—結(jié)論”對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系正確的是A B C D操作 分別向相同質(zhì)量的鎂粉、鐵粉、鋅粉中加入等濃度稀硫酸 一定溫度下,向氫氧化鈣溶液中加入氧化鈣固體 向變質(zhì)的氫氧化鈉溶液中滴加稀鹽酸 將一定量硝酸銀溶液中加入銅粉圖像結(jié)論 三種金屬與硫酸反應(yīng)的劇烈程度:Mg>Zn>Fe 該氫氧化鈣溶液已經(jīng)飽和 氫氧化鈉溶液已經(jīng)全部變質(zhì) 銅與硝酸銀發(fā)生了化學(xué)反應(yīng)二、填空題(共30分)26. (6分)《預(yù)包裝食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽通則》已于2013年1月1日正式施行,右圖是某種奶制品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分表。(1)根據(jù)通則規(guī)定,標(biāo)簽上必須標(biāo)示出能量、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物和鈉的含量值。人體必需的六大基本營(yíng)養(yǎng)素中, 和水未被規(guī)定強(qiáng)制標(biāo)示。 注:糖類又稱碳水化合物(2)奶制品中能夠提供能量的有 。(3)奶制品中含有豐富的鈣 (填“單質(zhì)”、“原子”或“元素”),兒童每日要攝取足夠量的鈣,才能避免 (填字母序號(hào))。A. 貧血癥 B. 佝僂病 C. 甲狀腺腫大(4)下列是奶制品常用的三種包裝。其中,所使用的主要材料屬于有機(jī)合成材料的是(填字母序號(hào)),能放入標(biāo)有的垃圾箱中的是 (填字母序號(hào))。A. 鐵罐 B. 塑料桶 C. 玻璃瓶(主要成分為硅酸鹽)27.(5分)氯化鈉是重要的調(diào)味品,是舌尖上最不可缺少的味道。下面三幅示意圖分別表示不同的化學(xué)反應(yīng),但生成物中都有氯化鈉。圖1 圖2 圖3(1)圖1是金屬鈉與氯氣反應(yīng)生成氯化鈉的微觀示意圖。由圖1可知,元素的化學(xué)性質(zhì)與 (填字母序號(hào))有密切的關(guān)系。A. 最外層電子數(shù) B. 內(nèi)層電子數(shù) C. 電子層數(shù)(2)圖2描述了NaOH溶液與鹽酸反應(yīng)的微觀實(shí)質(zhì),該反應(yīng)的基本反應(yīng)類型為 ,圖中A、B、C處應(yīng)填入的化學(xué)式或離子符號(hào)依次為 。(3)圖3所示的四種物質(zhì)中屬于氧化物的是 (填化學(xué)式),該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 。28.(6分)下表列出了硝酸鉀在不同溫度時(shí)的溶解度。溫度/℃ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60溶解度/g 13.3 20.9 31.6 45.8 63.9 85.5 110某興趣小組做了以下實(shí)驗(yàn):① ② ③ ④ ⑤20℃ 100 g水(1)上述溶液中的溶劑是 ,上述實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中得到的溶液一定屬于不飽和溶液的是 (填數(shù)字序號(hào)),⑤所對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象是 。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)一定相等的是 (填數(shù)字序號(hào))。(3)為了防止水體污染,小組同學(xué)提出了如下方案處理實(shí)驗(yàn)后的廢液:步驟I:將⑤繼續(xù)冷卻至0℃,過(guò)濾,共可回收得到KNO3固體 g 。步驟II:向?yàn)V液中加入 g水稀釋,得到溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1%的KNO3稀溶液,將此溶液做為花肥使用。29.(6分)某化學(xué)興趣小組在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做了有關(guān)金屬的實(shí)驗(yàn),并將實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程及涉及到的所有物質(zhì)用如下流程圖表示。(1)鐵屑生銹的原因是 。(2)寫(xiě)出過(guò)程①中鐵銹溶解反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式: 。(3)過(guò)程②發(fā)生化合反應(yīng)使溶液由黃色變?yōu)闇\綠色,則該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式是 。(4)溶液E的溶質(zhì)一定含有 (填化學(xué)式)。(5)除氧化銅粉末外,實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程所涉及的物質(zhì)中,一定含有銅元素的有 (填字母序號(hào))。30.(7分)有A、B、C、D、E五種物質(zhì),它們由氫、碳、氧、鈉、氯、鈣中部分元素組成。其中,C、E由兩種元素組成,A、B、D由三種元素組成。某實(shí)驗(yàn)小組做了如下實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)中的每一步均有明顯現(xiàn)象。其中,紫色石蕊溶液遇C溶液變紅,C溶液與A、B反應(yīng)時(shí)均產(chǎn)生無(wú)色氣體,A溶液與D溶液、E溶液反應(yīng)時(shí)均產(chǎn)生白色沉淀。(1)A溶液遇無(wú)色酚酞溶液變紅,則A溶液一定呈 性(填“酸”或“中”或“堿”)。(2) A溶液與D溶液反應(yīng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生白色沉淀的化學(xué)式是 ,D的常見(jiàn)用途有(寫(xiě)出一條即可)。(3)在C溶液與B固體反應(yīng)后的試管中滴加A溶液,先產(chǎn)生氣泡后產(chǎn)生沉淀,則加入A溶液后所發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 。(4)在A溶液與D溶液反應(yīng)后的試管中加入C溶液,測(cè)得反應(yīng)后的溶液pH 7,則反應(yīng)后的溶液中含有的溶質(zhì)除HCl外,還有 。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)題(共19分)31.(6分)根據(jù)下圖回答問(wèn)題。(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器a的名稱是 。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)室用裝置A制取氧氣時(shí),所需藥品是 ;收集完氧氣時(shí),應(yīng)進(jìn)行的操作是 。(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)室用裝置B和 (填字母序號(hào))制取二氧化碳時(shí),反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為 。(4)用排空氣法收集一瓶氧氣,驗(yàn)滿時(shí)將帶火星的木條放在瓶口,若觀察到 ,說(shuō)明瓶中已充滿氧氣。32.(5分)Y型管是實(shí)驗(yàn)改進(jìn)時(shí)經(jīng)常使用的儀器。(1)用右圖所示裝置研究可燃物燃燒的條件。已知:白磷的著火點(diǎn)為40℃,紅磷的著火點(diǎn)為240℃.①若在a處放置紅磷,在Y型管中可以觀察到的現(xiàn)象是。②若要研究可燃物燃燒的另一個(gè)條件,應(yīng)在a處加入 。(2)用下圖所示裝置可以研究二氧化碳的相關(guān)性質(zhì)。I II①在不打開(kāi)裝置的情況下,將Y型管I向右傾斜,使稀硫酸流入碳酸鈉中,再恢復(fù)至圖示裝置的角度,即可產(chǎn)生二氧化碳。Y型管II中的現(xiàn)象是 。②不改換實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器,將上述實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行修改,即可證明二氧化碳的密度大于空氣密度。修改方法是 。33.(8分)當(dāng)前市售珍珠粉的價(jià)格從五元到上百元不等,但其外觀、手感都沒(méi)有明顯差異。那么優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉和廉價(jià)珍珠粉的成分有何不同呢?就此問(wèn)題,實(shí)驗(yàn)小組同學(xué)展開(kāi)探究。【查找資料】①優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉直接由貝科動(dòng)物體內(nèi)珍珠加工而成,含有一定量的氨基酸、碳酸鈣等。②廉價(jià)珍珠粉由“貝殼粉”加工而成,貝殼加工過(guò)程中會(huì)用到氫氧化鈉,貝殼的主要成分是碳酸鈣。③珍珠粉中除碳酸鈣外,其它成分均不能與鹽酸反應(yīng)生成二氧化碳。④氨基酸大部分能溶解于水,遇到濃硝酸并加熱會(huì)呈現(xiàn)黃色或黑色。⑤碳酸鈣與濃硝酸能發(fā)生反應(yīng),生成二氧化碳。⑥氯化鈣溶液呈中性。【提出猜想】?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉和廉價(jià)珍珠粉的區(qū)別可能在于:①廉價(jià)珍珠粉含有 ;②廉價(jià)珍珠粉不含氨基酸;③碳酸鈣含量不同。【實(shí)驗(yàn)探究】實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容 現(xiàn)象 結(jié)論(1)分別將少量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉和廉價(jià)珍珠粉放入試管中,加少量水,靜置一段時(shí)間后,滴加 。 廉價(jià)珍珠粉的上層清液變紅,優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉的溶液沒(méi)有變色 猜想①成立(2)分別將少量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉和廉價(jià)珍珠粉放入試管中,加少量水, ,加熱。 優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉的溶液有黃色出現(xiàn),局部變黑,廉價(jià)珍珠粉的溶液沒(méi)有明顯現(xiàn)象 猜想②成立(3)分別將一定質(zhì)量的優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉和廉價(jià)珍珠粉放入燒杯中,再逐滴加入14.6%的稀鹽酸,邊滴加邊振蕩,直至恰好完全反應(yīng)。數(shù)據(jù)記錄如下:優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉 廉價(jià)珍珠粉珍珠粉的質(zhì)量 100 g 100 g加入鹽酸的質(zhì)量 460.0 g 501.3 g燒杯中最終物質(zhì)的總質(zhì)量 520.0 g 557.7 g①處理數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),小明提出了如下思路:用加入鹽酸的質(zhì)量乘以鹽酸的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),求出反應(yīng)的鹽酸中的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,進(jìn)而利用化學(xué)方程式求出珍珠粉中碳酸鈣的質(zhì)量。你認(rèn)為小明的思路是否可行,理由是 。②處理數(shù)據(jù)后,得出結(jié)論:廉價(jià)珍珠粉中碳酸鈣的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為 %(計(jì)算結(jié)果保留小數(shù)點(diǎn)后1位),含量高于優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉。【實(shí)驗(yàn)反思】經(jīng)過(guò)反思,同學(xué)們認(rèn)為仍用上述試劑,只需略調(diào)整操作,就可以通過(guò)一次珍珠粉的取樣完成三個(gè)猜想的驗(yàn)證。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出調(diào)整后的操作: 。四、計(jì)算題(共6分)34.(3分)煤的氣化是將其轉(zhuǎn)化為可燃性氣體的過(guò)程,主要反應(yīng)為:C + H2O ==== CO + H2。若生產(chǎn)1 t氫氣,計(jì)算所需碳的質(zhì)量。35.(3分)侯氏制堿法的核心反應(yīng)原理如下: NH3 + CO2 + NaCl + H2O == NH4Cl + NaHCO3某溫度下,向溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%的氯化鈉溶液47.25 g中通入一定量氨氣(NH3)和二氧化碳。充分反應(yīng)后,將溶液中析出的碳酸氫鈉晶體過(guò)濾,低溫烘干,稱量,質(zhì)量為4.4 g。計(jì)算需要通入氨氣的質(zhì)量。(已知:該溫度下碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液中,碳酸氫鈉與水的質(zhì)量比為1:9;且溶液中若存在其它溶質(zhì),不會(huì)對(duì)上述比值產(chǎn)生影響)。海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí)化學(xué)試卷參考答案 2013年5月一、選擇題(每小題只有1個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意。共25個(gè)小題,每小題1分,共25分。)1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.B14.B 15.D 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.D二、填空題(共5個(gè)小題,未標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)的空,每空1分,共30分。)26.(6分)(1)維生素 (2)糖類(或碳水化合物)、脂肪(或油脂)、蛋白質(zhì)(3)元素 B (4)B ABC27.(5分)(1)A(2)復(fù)分解反應(yīng)(寫(xiě)“中和反應(yīng)”不得分) OH-、H+、H2O(順序?qū)戝e(cuò)不得分)(3)ClO2 Cl2 + 2NaClO2 ==== 2ClO2 + 2NaCl28.(6分)(1)H2O(或水) ①③④ 析出晶體(合理答案均可得分)(2)②⑤ (3)61.7 1216.729.(6分)(1)鐵屑與空氣中的氧氣、水蒸氣等發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)(2)Fe2O3 + 6HCl ==== 2FeCl3 + 3H2O(3)2FeCl3 + Fe ==== 3FeCl2(4)FeSO4(5)DFG(2分,少寫(xiě)1個(gè)得1分,多寫(xiě)、錯(cuò)寫(xiě)不得分)30.(7分)(1)堿(2)CaCO3 改良酸性土壤 (其他合理答案均可得分)(3)Na2CO3 + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O + CO2↑(1分)CaCl2 + Na2CO3 == CaCO3↓+ 2NaCl(1分)(4)NaCl、CaCl2(2分,少寫(xiě)1個(gè)得1分,多寫(xiě)、錯(cuò)寫(xiě)不得分)三、實(shí)驗(yàn)題(共3個(gè)小題。未標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)的空,每空1分,共19分。劃線的部分為給分要點(diǎn))31.(6分)(1)酒精燈(2)KMnO4 (或KClO3和MnO2,少寫(xiě)MnO2不得分) 先撤導(dǎo)管,后撤酒精燈(3)C CaCO3 + 2HCl === CaCl2 + H2O + CO2↑(4)木條復(fù)燃32.(5分)(1)①白磷燃燒,紅磷不燃燒②白磷和80℃熱水(其他合理答案可酌情給分)(2)① 濕潤(rùn)的紫色石蕊濾紙條變紅,干燥的紫色石蕊濾紙條不變色② 分別在Y型管管口和底部(1分)放置濕潤(rùn)紫色石蕊濾紙條(1分)(其他合理答案可酌情給分,共2分)33.(8分)【提出猜想】NaOH(寫(xiě)出NaOH即可得分)【實(shí)驗(yàn)探究】(1)酚酞溶液(2)過(guò)濾(1分),向?yàn)V液中加入濃硝酸(1分)(共2分,其他合理答案可酌情給分)(3)①不可行,因?yàn)檎渲榉壑羞€有NaOH等物質(zhì)也會(huì)與鹽酸反應(yīng)②99.1【實(shí)驗(yàn)反思】分別取100 g優(yōu)質(zhì)珍珠粉和廉價(jià)珍珠粉,加入適量的水溶解,過(guò)濾,將濾液分成2份;向其中一份中加入濃硝酸,向另一份中加入酚酞溶液;向?yàn)V渣中加入14.6%的鹽酸至恰好完全反應(yīng),測(cè)定鹽酸的質(zhì)量和燒杯中物質(zhì)的總質(zhì)量(其他合理答案可得分,2分)四、計(jì)算題(共2個(gè)小題,共6分)34.(3分)【解】設(shè):需要碳的質(zhì)量為。C + H2O ======= CO + H212 21 t ……………………1分= ……………………1分=6 t ……………………1分答:需要碳的質(zhì)量為6 t。35.(3分)1.7 g給分點(diǎn)參考如下:(1)利用1:9建立溶質(zhì)與溶劑質(zhì)量關(guān)系 ……………………1分(2)能找出反應(yīng)中NH3、H2O、NaHCO3質(zhì)量關(guān)系 ……………………1分(3)求出氨氣的質(zhì)量為1.7 g ……………………1分解題過(guò)程參考如下:【解】設(shè):需要氨氣的質(zhì)量為。NH3 + CO2 + NaCl + H2O ==== NH4Cl + NaHCO317 18 84= ……………………1分=1.7 g ……………………1分答:需要氨氣的質(zhì)量為1.7 g。5 g42 mL稀硫酸質(zhì)量/g銅粉的質(zhì)量/g/g加熱到50℃25 g KNO3冷卻至20℃25 g KNO325 g KNO320℃20℃50℃①③②④銹鐵屑稀硫酸氣體A固體F溶液B鐵粉氧化銅粉末溶液C溶液D氣體A溶液E稀鹽酸溶液B溶液G紫色石 A固體 B固體蕊溶液C溶液無(wú)色酚 D溶液 E溶液酞溶液蕊溶液A溶液白磷a80℃ 熱水棉花碳酸鈉稀硫酸b 干燥紫色石蕊濾紙條a 濕潤(rùn)紫色石蕊濾紙條高溫高溫 展開(kāi)更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 北京市海淀區(qū)2013屆九年級(jí)5月期中練習(xí)(一模)化學(xué)試題(WORD版).doc 北京市海淀區(qū)2013屆九年級(jí)5月期中練習(xí)(一模)數(shù)學(xué)試題(WORD版).doc 北京市海淀區(qū)2013屆九年級(jí)5月期中練習(xí)(一模)物理試題(WORD版).doc 北京市海淀區(qū)2013屆九年級(jí)5月期中練習(xí)(一模)英語(yǔ)試題(WORD版).doc 北京市海淀區(qū)2013屆九年級(jí)5月期中練習(xí)(一模)語(yǔ)文試題(WORD版).doc 縮略圖、資源來(lái)源于二一教育資源庫(kù)