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上海市徐匯區2013年中考二模試題(5科5份,答案不全)

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上海市徐匯區2013年中考二模試題(5科5份,答案不全)

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2012學年第二學期徐匯區學習能力診斷卷
初三年級英語學科
(滿分150分,考試時間100分鐘)
2013.4
Part 1 Listening (第一部分 聽力)
I. Listening Comprehension (聽力理解): (共30分)
A. Listen and choose the right picture (根據你聽到的內容,選出相應的圖片): (共6分)
A B C
D E F G
1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ 6. ______
B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根據你聽到的對話和問題,選出最恰當的答案): (共10分)
7. A) Italian. B) Chinese. C) French. D) Japanese.
8. A) 300 yuan. B) 500 yuan. C) 800 yuan. D) 1300 yuan.
9. A) Hobbies. B) News. C) Subjects. D) Trips.
10. A) In the hospital. B) At school. C) In the bank. D) At the airport.
11. A) On Thursday. B) On Friday. C) On Saturday. D) On Sunday.
12. A) Husband and wife. B) Doctor and patient.
C) Manager and secretary. D) Driver and passenger.
13. A) Peter. B) Linda. C) Jack. D) Alice.
14. A) Because he is ill.
B) Because he is on business.
C) Because he didn’t say goodbye.
D) Because he has changed his job.
15. A) Make a phone call. B) Buy a jacket.
C) Visit his uncle. D) Buy train tickets.
16. A) Tony deserved the prize.
B) The woman was joking.
C) Luck helped Tony win.
D) He trained Tony a lot.
C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判斷下列句子是否符合你聽到的內容, 符合的用“A”表示,不符合的用“B”表示): (共7分)
17. The new computer belongs to Tom’s grandma.
18. Grandpa loves to take the computer almost everywhere he goes.
19. It is difficult for Grandpa to learn to use a computer because he is old.
20. Grandpa thought it was fun to play games on the computer.
21. Grandpa often uses the computer to send e-mails to Tom and his friends.
22. Both Tom’s grandma and grandpa want to use the computer.
23. Grandpa e-mailed Tom in order to complain about the new computer.
D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (聽短文,完成下列內容。
每空格限填一詞): (共7分)
24. Many American children try to find jobs to _________ pocket money in their holidays.
25. Every week President Obama gives his __________ a dollar for the work they do.
26. Sasha and Malia do housework such as washing dishes and __________ their play areas.
27. Many people wonder if it’s __________ to give children money in this way.
28. It is believed every family member should be __________ for the housework.
29. Some people agree that children shouldn’t receive money for _________.
30. In some people’s opinion, children can start getting pocket money at the age of __________.
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar (第二部分 詞匯和語法)
II. Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當的答案): (共20分)
31. Sally always talks about her homework with her friend ________ the phone.
A) of B) in C) at D) on
32. Learning from successful people is ________ good way to gain wealth and success.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
33. According to the new traffic law, everyone in a car ________ wear the seat belt.
A) need B) must C) can D) may
34. A: Sam, are you coming with me to visit your grandma or going fishing with your dad
B: ________, I am afraid. I am going to finish my report on American history.
A) Either B) Neither C) Both D) None
35. The New York International Children’s Film Festival has become one of ________ festivals for children and teens in North America.
A) a large B) larger C) the largest D) the larger
36. Nowadays many young mothers would rather ________ their well-paid jobs to look after the babies on their own.
A) to give up B) give up C) giving up D) gave up
37. Nobody noticed that Amy was not on the bus ________ it had reached the final stop.
A) when B) because C) if D) until
38. In the new season of the dancing competition, some participants(選手) can be given ________ chance to try again.
A) other B) the other C) others D) another
39. While the tour guide was introducing the history of the Great Wall, some tourists ________ photos at the same time.
A) took B) were taking C) have taken D) will take
40. The one-year-old boy is smart and he is able to count up to the ________ number.
A) hundred B) hundreds C) hundredth D) hundreds of
41. By 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon, we ________ more than 3,500 yuan at the charity sale.
A) collected B) have collected C) would collect D) had collected
42. Be careful with your passport and money when you are in a foreign country, ________
A) will you B) can you C) aren’t you D) don’t you
43. After the students learnt the text Hot Tips for August 2040, the teacher kept them ________ what their life would be like in the future.
A) to imagine B) imagining C) imagine D) imagined
44. Dan rushed into the classroom, shouting excitedly that he had brought back a ________ of good news for us.
A) pair B) number C) piece D) sign
45. Joe had spent nearly a month preparing his graduation speech, ________ the effect wasn’t as good as he had expected.
A) and B) but C) or D) so
46. A: ________ will the first mail arrive
B: In about 20 minutes’ time.
A) How long B) How often C) How far D) How soon
47. Sandra lives a very regular life and usually ________ a cup of coffee on her way to the office.
A) buys B) bought C) will buy D) has bought
48. Quite a few citizens wondered ________.
A) how could they protect themselves from the air pollution
B) how they could protect themselves from the air pollution
C) how from the air pollution could they protect themselves
D) how they from the air pollution could protect themselves
49. A: Why not take an umbrella with you It might rain in a while.
B: ________
A) Oh, my god! B) You are welcome!
C) All right! Thanks! D) See you later.
50. A: Excuse me, you just happened to take away my mobile phone by mistake.
B: ________
A) I am fine. B) I am really sorry.
C) Never mind. D) That’s all right.
plete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once(將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞,每個單詞或詞組只能填一次):(共8分)
A. For example B. happen C. while D. over and over
E. medical F. On the other hand G. especially H. thoughts I. enough
Dreaming is an activity of the brain. It produces electrical waves which can be measured. You have dreams when brain waves are 51 fast.
Everyone dreams. If you think that you never dream, you are wrong. Most of the time, we cannot remember our dreams. Some scientists say that we dream mostly about the 52 and wishes that we try not to show to others. Others say that if dreaming is not strong 53 , it is difficult to remember them anyway.
Most people cannot control their dreams, they just 54 . Very few people have clear dreaming. They can control what takes place in their dreaming 55 they are asleep.
Even blind people dream. They may see pictures of events that have happened to them before they became blind. 56 , a person who was born blind does not see pictures in dreams, but they can hear, smell and taste in them.
People often have the same dreams 57 again. They may be events in your life that have caused problems which you have not solved yet. Nightmares are dreams that are so terrible that you usually wake up. There is 58 treatment(治療) for nightmares. You can go to a doctor who tries to find out why you have nightmares and how to deal with them.
plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(用括號中所給單詞 的適當形式完成下列句子): (共8分)
59. Mr. Jones has a lovely garden and he does all the gardening work by ________. (he)
60. That French restaurant provides not only delicious food but good ________ as well. (serve)
61. My neighbors usually feed those homeless cats ________ a day. (two)
62. It’s reported that the car crash on the highway has taken away many people’s _______. (life)
63. Becoming ________ is probably a sign of getting old. (forget)
64. I often see many students reading ________ in the school library during the lunch break. (quiet)
65. Jenny’s experience as an exchange student in Australia has proved to be ________. (interest)
66. The magician Liu Qian can make the coin in his hand ________ in a flash. (appear)
V. Rewrite the following sentences as required(根據所給要求,改寫下列句子。每空格限填一詞): (共14分)
67. Jake has already downloaded many free games from the App store. (改為否定句)
Jake ________ downloaded many free games from the App store ________.
68. Disneyland is such an amazing amusement park. (改為感嘆句)
________ ________ the amusement park Disneyland is!
69. Some people like to drink strong coffee to stay awake late at night. (保持句意基本不變)
Some people like to drink strong coffee ________ ________ they can stay awake late at night.
70. A mouse ate half of the cake I left on the table. (改為被動語態)
Half of the cake I left on the table ________ ________ by a mouse.
71. Learning a foreign language can help the students understand different cultures.(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________ learning a foreign language help the students understand
72. Jane has improved a lot on her painting skills since she went to France. (保持句意基本不變)
Jane has ________ ________ in her painting skills since she went to France.
73. My painting lesson cost me 800 yuan. My piano lesson cost me 800 yuan, too. (合并為一句)
My painting lesson cost ________ ________ as my piano lesson.
Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分 讀寫)
VI. Reading comprehension (閱讀理解): (共50分)
A. Choose the best answer(根據短文內容,選擇最恰當的答案): ( 12分)
It was a warm April day when a big fat envelope came in the mail from the only college I had ever imagined attending. I opened the packet. My eyes were fixed on the word “congratulations”, I don’t remember ever smiling so wide. But then I found that the cost of Dream School’s tuition(學費)was around $ 40,000 --- an impossible amount! How could I afford to attend What good reasons did I have to go there when three other fine colleges were offering me free tuition My other choices were also solid schools even if they weren’t as famous as my first choice.
In my mind, attending my dream university would be the only way to realize my dream of becoming a world-class writer. My parents understood how I felt. They told me that even though it would be a financial(金融的) problem, I could go wherever I would be the happiest. But as I was always careful with money, I wasn’t sure what to do.
One of the schools that offered me free tuition had an informational dinner, one night in the spring. Considering my parents’ financial difficulties, I decided to drive the 45 minutes and attend. At first, all I had planned to do was to smile politely, eat free food and listen carefully. But I surprised myself.
At dinner the president of the university talked about the wonderful activities including guest lectures and social meetings. He also made it perfectly clear that free food would be offered at all future events. He continued with explanations of professors, class sizes, activities, and sporting events on campus. As he spoke, I began to realize that this school, though not as good as my first choice, might be the best one for me. It seemed small yet with many great programs. It seemed to care about the students a lot. As the president ended his speech, I realized that I would be spending the next four years right there.
To be frank, my university is not as well-known as my “dream” university. However, it turned out to be the right choice of schools for me.
74. In the 6th line, the underlined word solid means “________”.
A) strong and hard B) good but not special
C) common and cheap D) expensive but friendly
75. My ambition is to become ________.
A) a scientist B) a president C) a writer D) a professor
76. ________ worried me a lot when I got the offer from my dream university.
A) The location of the university
B) The offers from 3 other colleges
C) The cost of the tuition
D) The activities organized on campus
77. At the informational dinner party, the president left me a deep impression by ________.
A) offering me free food and free events
B) his intelligence and politeness
C) showing me a bright future
D) his explanation of the university
78. I made up my mind after the president’s speech because _______.
A) the university has a very long history and is very large
B) there are many famous professors teaching in the university
C) the university is just as well-known as my first choice
D) great programs are provided and it cares about students
79. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A) the way to success is choosing the best university
B) only students from rich families go to better universities
C) it’s wise to choose the right rather than the best
D) a good speech can make a difference in one’s life
B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(選擇最恰當的單詞或詞語完成短文):(12分)
Calista knows how hard her brother tries to do the things most kids can do easily. She also knows how much he loves being able to go to Special Olympics competitions and how great he feels when he wins an award. She has wanted to become an official Special Olympics volunteer ever since 2005 when she was only 7. 80 she was too young to become a real volunteer at the moment, Calista found another way she could do to help.
When she knew that their local Special Olympics program lost their largest fundraising (籌款) event, she came up with 81 ! She decided to make and sell crafts (手工藝品) to help raise money for the program. Since December 2006, she has spent over 100 hours making and selling her crafts and has raised $440 for the program. She continues to make and sell her crafts every chance she gets and says that her goal is to raise $3,000. She named her project Calista Cares and even set up a website, in the hope of getting more people to know about 82 and raising more money for Crawford County Special Olympics.
Not only has she done all of these 83 , but since the age of 5, Calista has helped out as much as she can at all of the Special Olympics events she goes to. Whether it is keeping scores or recording time on the field, picking balls during the softball throws or simply cheering on the athletes, she has been always ready to give 84 .
Calista is an amazing little girl who spends many hours working on her crafts and always tries to find more places to sell them. She expects 85 from others, just collecting as much money for the program.
80. A) If B) When C) Although D) Unless
81. A) many friends B) a good plan C) a useful website D) lots of money
82. A) her B) you C) us D) them
83. A) gently B) luckily C) silently D) successfully
84. A) her friendship B) the project C) a helping hand D) her crafts
85. A) an award B) nothing C) a job D) a holiday
C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格內填入適當的詞,使其內容通順,每空格限填一詞,首字母已給):(14分)
The written word is one of the most powerful forms of expression. Classic literature (經典文學)written many years ago still has the power to educate people. Many people find it difficult to read the classics. In fact, reading the classics can be fun especially as you grow up and
d 86 a deeper understanding of the world.
Read for enjoyment. Classic literature should be read for enjoyment as well as education. Look for the works by authors you are f 87 with or have heard about through movies or TV. Choose the type of classic literature that you enjoy reading from past experience.
Keep a dictionary on hand. Use the Oxford English Dictionary as a reference for the words you don’t know or to find out some certain words that have changed in meaning over time. Start slowly and work on reading 30 minutes a day to get into the h 88 .
Get to read its biographical information(生平). This is b 89 it introduces the background of the story and author. To have a better understanding of the story, find out more about the time in which a work has created and the background of its author.
Do r 90 on the Internet. Large numbers of websites, like , provide information for the study of classical literature.
Understand how the story takes place. Classic literature is often hard to understand and contains difficult character development. Don’t give up r 91 till you finish the whole story and take notes if necessary.
Understand the use of footnotes(腳注) in literature. Classic literature is full of references to social and culture information of the past. Footnotes may be used to explain these references c 92 and make the material easier to understand.
D. Answer the questions(根據短文內容回答下列問題): ( 12分)
Most of us have never thought about building an educational toy by ourselves. If we need a learning toy or something, we simply go to the nearest store and buy it. However, things are not as easy in third world countries. With families even having no food to put on the table, buying toys, especially the educational ones, is the last thing on the parents’ minds.
So how can one get these kids interested in science This was a question that worried the Indian engineer Arvind Gupta so much that he decided to give up a good job and spend his life making toys from trash, things that people no longer want or need!
Mr. Gupta began teaching in the 1970s. While still an engineering student at the Indian College of Technology, he volunteered to teach the children who could not afford to go to school. Upon graduation, he found a good job at India’s Tata Motors and spent the next five years designing cars.
But he soon realized that this was not something he wanted to do for the rest of his life. So he took a year’s training course and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program whose aim was to make science fun and exciting for poor children using available materials.
Mr. Gupta found the whole project so satisfying that he decided to leave his high-paying job and focus his attention on designing educational toys that were not only cheap and easy to build, but are also full of scientific principles(科學原理), so that children could get interested in this interesting subject.
When the Internet started becoming a more widespread learning tool, Mr. Gupta created a Toys from Trash website and also recorded over 250 YouTube videos.
Today, over 50,000 children and teachers visit the website daily to download the videos for the toy creations based on cool science. Some young children have become so inspired (鼓舞)that they have even won international science competitions with the help of his creations.
93. What are these educational toys made from
_____________________________________________________________________.
94. Did Arind Gupta start building educational toys as soon as he graduated from the college
_________, ___________________________________________________________.
95. Who did Mr. Gupta build these educational toys for
_____________________________________________________________________.
96. How are the educational toys designed by Mr. Gupta
_____________________________________________________________________.
97. What did Mr. Gupta do to introduce his educational toys
_____________________________________________________________________.
98. How can these educational toys help the children in third world countries
_____________________________________________________________________.
VII. Writing: (20分)
99. Mr. Jones introduced Lin some school rules on the first day when Lin arrived at the new school in New York. Lin found quite a few differences about Dos and Don’ts between Chinese school rules and American school rules.
在紐約新學校上學的第一天, Jones先生給Lin介紹了學校的一些校規。Lin在日記里描述了一些中美學校校規的對比, 并記敘了他/她的感受。 假設你是Lin, 寫一篇不少于60個字的日記。
Suppose you were Lin, write at least 60 words to describe the differences between the Chinese school rules and the American school rules and how you felt about the differences in the diary.
(注意:短文中不得出現任何人名、校名及其它相關信息,否則不予評分。)
Here are the school rules introduced to Lin:
School Rules
Always call your teacher with Mr. or Ms.Don’t be late for your class. Raise your hand when asking a question. Be an active thinker in the classroom. Do your homework on your own. No cheating in exams. Ask your teachers for help if you have difficulty in learning. They will be glad to help you out.Remember to wear your uniform to school every day and keep your uniform clean and tidy.Use kind words when you talk with others and learn to share and take turns when you work and play.
2012學年初三英語二模試卷答案與評分標準
一、答案要點:
Part I
I. 1-6 CBD FGA
II. 7-11 CBABC 12-16 DBDDA
III. 17-23 AABABAB
IV. 24. get 25.daughters 26. cleaning 27.right
28. responsible 29. nothing 30. 5/five
Part II
V. 31—50
DABBC BDDBC DABCB DABCB
VI. 51—58 GHI BCF DE
VII. 59. himself 60. service 61. twice 62. lives
63. forgetful 64. quietly 65. interesting 66. disappear
VIII. 67. hasn’t…yet 68. How amazing 69. so that
70.was eaten 71. What can 72. made progress/ done better
73. as much
Part III
IX. (A) 74—79 BCCDDC
(B) 80—85 CBA DCB
(C) 86.develop 87. familiar 88.habit 89. because
90. research 91. reading 92. clearly
(D)
93. They are made from trash. /They are made from things that people don’t want or need.
94. No, he didn’t.
95. He built these educational toys for children (and teachers )in third world countries. / for poor children.
96. They are cheap and easy to build and full of scientific principles as well. / They are cheap and educational. / Based on science. / …
97. He created a website and recorded educational videos so that children and teachers can learn.
98. They help make science fun and exciting for poor children using available material.
X. 99. 略
二、評分標準
說明
下列情況均不給分:
(1)答案不符合要求(包括拼寫錯誤及句首不大寫)。
(2)答案超過一個(特殊要求除外)。
(3)答案模棱兩可或模糊不清。
2、第VIII大題(E)篇問答題,如所填答案與本答案有異,但符合上下文意思,且語法、拼寫正確,則應給分。
3、 寫話評分標準:
作文共20分,其中內容8分,語言8分,組織結構4分。
內容:
7-8分 內容切題,意思連貫,表達清楚、完整。
5-6分 內容基本切題,意思大致連貫,表達基本清楚,但不夠完整。
3-4分 內容不夠切題,意思不夠連貫,表達不夠清楚,離題目要求較遠。
0-2分 文不對題,表達不清。
(二)語言:
① 拼寫:每錯扣0.5分,同一錯誤不重復計數。
② 語法:同①
③ 標點符號、大小寫:每兩處錯誤扣0.5分,但標點符號和大小寫的扣分總和均不得超過1分。
④ 語言分最多扣8分。
(三)組織結構:
① 內容充實,不寫廢話;上下文連貫、用語規范、表達正確、無或少見語法錯誤;詞匯和句型句式運用恰當,多見好句型和習慣表達用語者,可給4分。
② 一般情況下,要得到4分組織結構分,內容和語言積累得分在14分以上者(含)。
③ 內容和語言累積不足14分者,如文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表達,可酌情考慮給1-2分組織結構分。
④ 通篇句型、句式單一。詞匯貧乏者,即使無語法錯誤,一般亦不給組織結構分。
(四)詞數:
① 詞數不足30詞者,得分最多不得超過9分;
② 詞數不足40詞者,得分最多不得超過14分;
③ 詞數不足50詞者,得分最多不得超過15分;
④ 詞數在50-59詞之間者,每少5個詞扣0.5分;
⑤ 只寫出個別單詞、詞不成句不給分。2012學年第二學期徐匯區學習能力診斷卷
初三年級數學學科
2013.4
(時間100分鐘 滿分150分)
考生注意∶
1.本試卷含三個大題,共25題;答題時,考生務必按答題要求在答題紙規定的位置上作答,在草稿紙、本試卷上答題一律無效;
2.除第一、二大題外,其余各題如無特別說明,都必須在答題紙的相應位置上寫出證明或計算的主要步驟.
一.選擇題(本大題共6題,每題4分,滿分24分)
1.下列二次根式中與是同類二次根式的是
A.; B.; C.; D..
2.將拋物線向下平移2個單位后,所得拋物線解析式為
A.; B.;C.; D..
3.如果關于的一元二次方程有兩個不相等的實數根,那么的取值范圍是
A.>; B.<; C.>且;D.<且.
4.下列一組數據:、、、、的平均數和方差分別是
A.和; B.和; C.和; D.和.
5.下列正方形的性質中,菱形(非正方形)不具有的性質是
A.四邊相等; B.對角線相等;
C.對角線平分一組對角; D.對角線互相平分且垂直.
6.在中,,,那么半徑長為的⊙和直線的位置關系是
A.相離; B.相切; C.相交; D.無法確定.
二.填空題(本大題共12題,每題4分,滿分48分)
7.化簡: ▲ .
8.計算:_______▲_________.
9.方程的解是 ▲ .
10.已知函數,那么 ▲ .
11.如圖1,點在反比例函數的圖像上,那么該反比例函數的解析式是 ▲ .
12.如圖2,在中,中線和相交于點,如果,=,那么向量▲ .
13.如圖3,∥,平分,如果,那么 ▲ .
14.在形狀、大小、顏色都一樣的卡片上,分別畫有線段、直角三角形、等腰三角形、等邊三角形、平行四邊形、菱形、等腰梯形、正五邊形、正六邊形、圓等10個圖形,小杰隨機抽取一張卡片,抽得圖形既是軸對稱圖形,又是中心對稱圖形的概率是___▲_____.
15.為了解某校初三年級學生一次數學測試成績的情況,從近450名九年級學生中,隨機抽取50名學生這次數學測試的成績,通過數據整理,繪制如下統計表(給出部分數據,除[90,100]組外每組數據含最低值,不含最高值):
分數段 [ 0, 60] [60, 70] [70, 80] [80, 90] [90,100]
頻 數 5 20
頻 率 0.12 0.1
根據上表的信息,估計該校初三年級本次數學測試的優良率(80分及80分以上)約為▲ (填百分數).
16.如圖4,⊙半徑為,的頂點在⊙上,,,垂足是,,那么的長為 ▲ .
17.一個二元一次方程和一個二元二次方程組成的二元二次方程組的解是或,試寫出一個符合要求的方程組__________▲ _____________(只需寫一個).
18.在中,,,將繞點旋轉后,點落在射線上,點落到點處,那么的值等于 ▲ .
三.(本大題共7題,第19—22題每題10分;第23、24題每題12分;第25題14分;
滿分78分)
19.(本題滿分10分)
計算:.
20.(本題滿分10分)
解不等式組:;并將解集在數軸上表示出來.
21.(本題滿分10分,每小題5分)
銷售某種商品,根據經驗,銷售單價不少于30元∕件,但不超過50元∕件時,銷售數
量(件)與商品單價(元∕件)的函數關系的圖像如圖5所示中的線段.
(1)求關于的函數關系式;
(2)如果計劃每天的銷售額為2400元時,那么該商品的單價應該定多少元?
22.(本題滿分10分,每小題5分)
如圖6,梯形中,∥,和相交于點,,,,.
求:(1)的值;
(2)的面積.
23.(本題滿分12分)
如圖7,四邊形是平行四邊形,在邊的延長線上截取,點在的延長線上,和交于點,和交于點.
(1)求證:四邊形是平行四邊形; (4分)
(2)如果,求證:. (8分)
24.(本題滿分12分)
拋物線()經過點,對稱軸是直線,頂點是,與 軸正半軸的交點為點.
(1)求拋物線()的解析式和頂點的坐標; (6分)
(2)過點作軸的垂線交軸于點,點在射線上,當以為直徑的⊙和
以為半徑的⊙相切時,求點的坐標. (6分)
25.(本題滿分14分)
如圖8,在中,,,,點是邊上任意一點,過點作交于點,截取,聯結,線段交于點,設,.
(1)求關于的函數解析式及定義域; (4分)
(2)如圖9,聯結,當和相似時,求的值; (5分)
(3)當以點為圓心,為半徑的⊙和以點為圓心,為半徑的⊙相交的另一個交點在邊上時,求的長. (5分)
2012學年第二學期徐匯區學習能力診斷卷
初三年級數學學科參考答案和評分標準
一、選擇題:(本大題共6題,每題4分,滿分24分)
1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A; 5.B; 6.B.
二.填空題:(本大題共12題,滿分48分)
7.; 8.; 9.或; 10.; 11.; 12.;
13.;14.;15.﹪;16.;17.不唯一,如等; 18.或.
三、(本大題共7題,第19、20、21、22題每題10分,第23、24題每題12分,第25題14分,滿分78分)
19. 解:原式 …………………………………………………(8分)
……………………………………………………………………(2分)
20.解:由不等式(1)解得<………………………………………………………(3分)
由不等式(2)解得≥…………………………………………………………(3分)
∴原不等式組的解集是≤< ……………………………………………(2分)
圖正確.……………………………………………………………………………(2分)
21.解:(1)設關于的函數關系式為.…………………………(1分)
由題意,得 ……………………………………………(2分)
解得,……………………………………………………………(1分)
∴ 關于的函數關系式為. …………………………(1分)
(2)設該商品的單價應該定元.………………………………………………(1分)
由題意,得…………………………………………(1分)
化簡整理,得.………………………………………(1分)
解得,,. ………………………………………………(1分)
經檢驗,不合題意,舍去;………………………………………(1分)
答:計劃每天的銷售額為2400元時,該商品的單價應該定元.
22.解:(1)∵∥,∴. ……………………………………(2分)
∵,∴.………………………………………(1分)
在中,,
∴.…………………………………………………(2分)
(2)∵ …………………………………………(2分)
∴.…………………………………(3分)23.證明:(1) ∵四邊形是平行四邊形,
∴∥,;…………………………………………(2分)
∵,∴;…………………………………………(1分)
又∥,
∴四邊形是平行四邊形.………………………………………(1分)
(2) ∵,∴,………………………………(1分)
又,∴∽,∴; ……(1分)
∵∥,∴;………………………………(1分)
∵四邊形是平行四邊形,∴∥,∴;(1分)
∵四邊形是平行四邊形,∴∥,∴;(1分)
∴;…………………………………………………(1分)
又,∴∽,∴,…(1分)
∵,∴,
∴.………………………………………………(1分)
24.解:(1)由題意,得,…………………………………………………(2分)
解得 ……………………………………………………………(2分)
∴ ………………………………………………………(1分)
∴頂點. …………………………………………………………(1分)
(2)設⊙的半徑為.
由題意,可得,,∴⊙的半徑為;;……(2分)
當⊙和⊙相切時,分下列兩種情況:
當⊙和⊙外切時,此時點在線段上,
可得.
解得,∴.……………………………………………(2分)
當⊙和⊙外切時,此時點在線段的延長線上,
可得.
解得,∴.…………………………………………(2分)
綜合,當⊙和⊙相切時,或.
25.解:(1)過點作,垂足為.
由題意,可知是等腰直角三角形,∴;……………(1分)
易得∽,∴;
設,,∴,∴,
∴……………………………………………………………(1分)
∴.………………………………………………………(1分)
定義域是:≤≤ .………………………………………………(1分)
(注:其它解法參照評分.)
(2)∵,∴當和相似時,分以下兩種情況:(1分)
當時,∴∥,易得四邊形是正方形;
∴. …………………………………………………(2分)
當時,∴,
由上述(1)的解法,可得,
∴,∴;
∴,解得.………………………………(2分)
綜合,當和相似時,的值為或.
(3)如圖,設⊙與⊙相交的另一個交點為,聯結交于點.
∴,.易得∽,∽,
∴,設,,∴; …(1分)
∴,∴;∵,∴; …(1分)
又,∴,解得; ……………(2分)
∴.…………………………………………………(1分)
A
B
C
D
(圖3)
(圖1)
x
O
y
A
3
1
A
B
C
D
E
G
(圖2)
(圖4)
A
B
C
D
O
x
數量(件)
(圖5)
x
O
y
100
20
30
50
單價(元/件)
A
B
(圖6)
A
B
C
D
O
A
B
C
D
E
F
M
(圖7)
N
(圖8)
C
A
B
D
E
P
Q
C
A
B
D
E
P
Q
(圖9)
(備用圖)
C
A
B
P
C
A
B
M
N
Q2013學年徐匯區初中學業考試能力診斷理化試卷
(滿分150分,考試時間100分鐘)
化學部分 (滿分60分)
可能用到的相對原子質量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Cl-35.5 Na-23 K-39 Ca-40
六、選擇題(共20分)
27.我們熟悉的物質里屬于純凈物的是
A.礦泉水 B.家用燃氣 C.醫用酒精 D.二氧化碳
28.含硫物質中,硫元素的化合價為+4價的是
A.S B.H2S C.SO2 D.H2SO4
29.物質在運動變化中發生化學變化的是
A.冰塊熔化 B.粉塵爆炸 C.海水曬鹽 D.黃瓜榨汁
30.下列各組物質在氧氣中燃燒,前者產生明亮藍紫色火焰,后者有濃厚白煙生成的是
A.硫粉、白磷 B.鎂帶、紅磷 C.蠟燭、木炭 D.紙張、鐵絲
31.對符號中“3”所表示的含義,說法錯誤的是
A.3O2——表示三個氧分子 B.——表示鋁元素的化合價為+3
C.SO3——表示一個三氧化硫分子中含有三個氧元素 D.3H——表示三個氫原子
32.把少量物質分別加入到另一物質中,充分攪拌后,可以得到溶液的是
A.碘加入酒精中 B.面粉加入水中 C.食鹽加入植物油中 D.植物油加入水中
33. 物質名稱與化學式相符合的是
A.燒堿:Na2CO3 B.氧化鋁:Al2O3 C.氯化鐵:FeCl2 D.生石灰:Ca(OH)2
34.納米材料是用途廣泛的新型材料。碳納米管是由碳原子構成的直徑為幾個納米的空心管。下列說法錯誤的是
A.碳納米管是一種新型的化合物材料
B.碳納米管具有管道多,表面積大,吸附能力強的性質
C.碳納米管在常溫下化學性質穩定
D.碳納米管材料如果完全燃燒,生成物是二氧化碳
35.人體中幾種體液的正常pH如下,其中酸性最強的是
A.膽汁() B.唾液() C.血液() D.胃液()
36.粗鹽提純實驗的部分操作如下圖,其中操作錯誤的是
37.我國早在西漢發現的濕法煉銅的反應原理,其化學方程式書寫正確的是
A.2CuO + C → 2Cu + CO↑ B.Hg + CuCl2 → Cu + HgCl2
C.2Fe + 3CuSO4 → 3Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 D.Fe + CuSO4 → Cu + FeSO4
38.固體CO2又稱干冰,易升華。干冰滅火器常用于撲救檔案資料室發生的火災,關于干冰滅火的說法錯誤的是
A.干冰升華時吸熱,降低可燃物的著火點 B.CO2覆在可燃物表面,隔絕空氣
C.CO2不能支持燃燒 D.干冰升華后不污染檔案資料
39.使用催化轉換器可減少汽車尾氣中的CO與NOX,其化學方程式為:2XCO+2NOx→2XC02+N2。該反應中屬于氧化劑的物質是
A. C02 B. NOx C. CO D. N2
40.固體物質R在水、乙醇兩種溶劑中的溶解度隨溫度變化的曲線如右圖所示。下列說法正確的是
A.物質R在水中的溶解度大于乙醇中溶解度
B.t1℃時,物質R在水與乙醇中的溶解度都為mg
C.t2℃時,物質R在水中與在乙醇中的溶解度相同
D.將t1℃時物質R的飽和乙醇溶液升溫至t2℃有晶體析出
41.物質的用途主要是由其物理性質決定的是
A.氫氣用于做清潔能源 B.石墨用于做電極
C.硫酸清除金屬表面的銹 D.天然氣用作燃料
42.實驗操作先后順序正確的是
A.蒸發食鹽水時,先在鐵圈上放置蒸發皿,后放酒精燈
B.測定溶液pH,先將試紙濕潤,后用干凈的玻璃棒蘸取待測液點在試紙上
C.木炭還原氧化銅結束時,先把導管從盛有石灰水的燒杯中取出,后停止加熱
D.如果不慎將堿液沾到皮膚上,先涂上硼酸液,后用大量水沖洗
43.甲()和乙()兩種不同的分子,它們在一定條件下能發生化學反應,反應前后
的微觀變化如下圖所示,下列說法正確的是
A.參加反應的甲和乙分子的個數比是2︰1 B.該反應是化合反應
C.該反應是置換反應 D.該反應中分子、原子都沒有變化
44.在AgNO3和Cu(NO3)2的混合液中,加入一定量的鐵粉,充分反應后,有少量金屬析出過濾后,向濾液中滴加稀鹽酸,有白色沉淀析出,則理論上析出的少量金屬是
A.Cu B.Ag C.Fe和Cu D.Cu和Ag
45.右圖表示的是A、B、C三種溶液兩兩混合發生反應的實驗現象,符合該實驗現象的A、
B、C三種溶液依次是
A.氫氧化鈉溶液、碳酸鈉溶液、鹽酸
B.氯化鈉溶液、澄清石灰水、氫氧化鈉溶液
C.鹽酸、碳酸鈉溶液、澄清石灰水
D.鹽酸、硫酸鈉溶液、氫氧化鈣溶液
46.在化學反應xM+yN→mP+nQ中,下列說法正確的是
A.若P、Q為鹽和水,則該反應一定是中和反應
B.系數x∶y∶m∶n之比是物質的量之比
C.若取a克M與b克N反應,生成P和Q的質量總和一定等于(a+b)克
D.該化學方程式可讀作:M物質加N物質生成P物質加Q物質
七、填空題(共19分)
47.生活離不開化學,請用所學的知識解釋一些問題:
① 水是寶貴的自然資源。保持水化學性質的最小微粒的化學式是 (1) ;同學們對水進行如下圖的實驗,①中凈化水的方法是過濾和 (2) ;檢驗b管中氣體的方法是 (3) 。
② 醫療中常用的生理鹽水中溶質的化學式是 (4) , 如果要檢驗其中的金屬元素,最簡便的方法是通過 (5) NaCl焰色反應。
③ 核糖是人類生命活動中不可缺少的物質。已知核糖的相對分子質量是150,其中含碳40%,氫6.7%,其余是氧,則核糖的化學式是(6);6.02×1022個核糖分子的質量是(7)g。
48.KNO3和KCl在不同溫度時的溶解度如下表所示。請回答下列問題:
溫度/℃ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
溶解度/g KNO3 13.3 20.9 31.6 45.8 63.9 85.5 110
KCl 27.6 31.0 34.0 37.0 40.0 42.6 45.5
① 依據上表數據,繪制出“m”和“n”兩條溶解度曲線如右圖,其中表示KNO3溶解度曲線的是 (8) 。
② 由表中數據分析可知, KNO3和KCl在某一溫度時具有相
同的溶解度x,則x的取值范圍是 (9) 。
③ 20℃時,134g 飽和KCl溶液,蒸發10g水后,再降溫到
20℃,可析出KCl晶體的質量為 (10) 。
④ 若要在含有少量KCl的不飽和KNO3溶液中分離出KNO3,可采用 (11) 、 (12) 、過濾的方法。
49.“碳捕捉技術”是指通過一定的方法,將工業生產中產生的CO2分離出來進行儲存和利用。常利用NaOH溶液來“捕捉”CO2,過程如下圖所示(部分條件及物質未標出)。
請根據“捕捉”CO2過程圖回答問題:
① 加入A物質的化學式是 (13) ;分離操作Ⅰ的名稱是 (14) ;寫出高溫反應爐中發生反應的化學方程式 (15) ;
② 可循環利用的B物質中一定含有的物質是 (16) ,可能含有的物質是 (17) 。
③ 該過程中還可循環利用的物質是 (18) 。
八、簡答題(共21分)
50.實驗室用無水醋酸鈉、氫氧化鈉與氧化鈣固體混合物加熱制取甲烷(密度比空氣小,難溶于水),并驗證其還原性,實驗裝置如下。
制取甲烷可選儀器:
驗證其還原性裝置:
請回答:
① 寫出儀器a、b的名稱,a (1) 、b (2) ;實驗室制、取收集甲烷可選用的儀器是 (3) (填編號),理由是 (4) 、 (5) 。
② 將甲烷氣通入甲裝置中,加熱,當黑色粉末全部轉化為光亮的紅色固體時,丙裝置中澄清石灰水變渾濁,乙裝置中可觀察到的現象是 (6) ,該裝置的作用是 (7) 。
③ 寫出甲裝置中反應的化學方程式 (8) 。
51.現有一種無土栽培營養溶液,可能由硝酸鈣、碳酸鉀、硝酸鉀、氯化鉀中的一種或幾種物質組成,為探究其成分,某同學設計并完成了如下圖所示的實驗。
根據以上實驗,請你進行有關推斷,
① 由實驗可確定營養溶液中一定沒有的物質是 (9) 。
② 原營養溶液的組成可能是 (10) 、 (11) 。
52.純堿和小蘇打是廚房中兩種常見用品。某興趣小組設計了三個實驗,對純堿和小蘇打兩種粉末進行探究。
① 探究兩者水溶液酸堿性
實驗步驟 實驗現象 解釋與結論
分別向等濃度的兩種溶液中滴入酚酞試液 兩者都變紅色;純堿溶液中顏色更深。 純堿和小蘇打溶液都顯 (12) 性,并可推測 (13) 溶液堿性更強。
你認為要比較兩種溶液的酸堿性強弱,可直接用 (14) 進行測定。
② 該興趣小組按下圖裝置進行實驗操作,觀察到乙燒杯中澄清石灰水變渾濁。
寫出乙燒杯反應的化學方程式 (15) ;該實驗設計體現的思想方法是 (16) (選填:控制變量、對比與觀察、定量分析、節能環保),實驗目的是 (17) 。
③ 測定純堿粉末的純度。取純堿粉末試樣11.0g,利用右圖裝置進行實驗測定。數據記錄如下:
稱量項目 稱量時間 質量/g
試樣+裝置+稀鹽酸 反應前 141.0
試樣+裝置+稀鹽酸 反應開始后30s 137.0
試樣+裝置+稀鹽酸 反應開始后60s 136.6
試樣+裝置+稀鹽酸 反應開始后90s 136.6
(Ⅰ)反應生成CO2的物質的量為 (18) 。
(Ⅱ)通過計算確定純堿粉末中Na2CO3的質量分數。(寫出計算過程,結果保留一位小數。)
(19)
(Ⅲ) 如果測得的結果比實際純度高,可能的原因是 (20) 。(答一種即可)
2013學年徐匯區初中學業考試能力診斷理化試卷
化學部分評分標準
說明:化學方程式書寫不完整,總扣1分。
其他答案合理也給分。
六、選擇題(共20分)
題號 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
答案 D C B A C A B A D C D A B C B C B B C B
七、填空題(48.(9) 1分,其他每空1分,共19分)
47.(1) H2O (2)吸附 (3)用帶火星木條檢驗
(4) NaCl (5)焰色 (6) C5H10O5 (7)15
48.(8) m (9) 34.0g49.(13) CaO (或石灰乳) (14)過濾 (15) CaCO3 CaO +CO2↑
(16) NaOH (17)Na2CO3或Ca(OH)2 (18) CaO
八、簡答題(每空1分,共21分)
50.(1)長頸漏斗 (2)錐形瓶 (3)C、E (4)甲烷是固體與固體加熱制取 (5)甲烷難溶于水
(6) 白色固體變藍 (7)驗證甲烷與黑色粉末反應的生成物中的水
(8) CH4+4CuO2H2O+CO2+4Cu
51.(9) K2CO3
(10) Ca(NO3)2 KCl (11)Ca(NO3)2 KCl KNO3
52.(12) 堿 (13)Na2CO3 (14)pH試紙 (或pH計)
(15) CO2+Ca(OH)2→CaCO3↓+H2O (16)對比與觀察 (17) 探究純堿與小蘇打的熱穩定性
(18) 0.1mol
(19)設:樣品中Na2CO3為x mol
Na2CO3+2HCl→ 2NaCl+CO2↑+ H2O 1分
1 1
X 0.1
X= 0.1(mol)
m(Na2CO3)= 0.1×106=10.6(g)
Na2CO3%=10.6×100%/11.0=96.4% 1分
答:
(20) 水蒸氣隨CO2氣體排出,從而導致所測純度偏大(或揮發出的HCl氣體隨CO2氣體排出,從而導致所測純度偏大)
+
反應前
反應后2012學年第二學期徐匯區學習能力診斷卷
初三年級理化學科
(滿分共150分 100分鐘完成) 2013.4
物 理 部 分
考生注意:
1、選擇題中只有一個選項正確,請用2B鉛筆在答題紙的相應位置填涂。
2、答題時,考生務必按答題要求在答題紙規定的位置作答,在本試卷上答題無效。
一、選擇題(共16分)
1.春夏秋冬四季平均氣溫各不相同,今天你所在教室的氣溫最接近
A.0℃ B.20℃ C.40℃ D.50℃
2.依據盧瑟福的原子行星模型理論,在原子中繞核高速運轉的是
A.質子 B.中子 C.電子 D.核子
3.光線從空氣斜射入水中,折射角是30 ,則入射角可能是
A.0 B.25 C.30 D.45
4.教室里日光燈的連接方式與額定電壓分別是
A.并聯、220伏 B.串聯、220伏 C.并聯、1.5伏 D.串聯、1.5伏
5.物體在離凸透鏡15厘米處的光屏上產生一個清晰、縮小的像,則凸透鏡的焦距可能是
A.5厘米 B.10厘米 C.15厘米 D.30厘米
6.甲、乙兩物體同時同地同方向開始做勻速直線運動,甲的速度大于乙的速度,它們的s-t圖像為圖1所示a、b、c三條圖線中的兩條,運動5秒甲、乙間的距離小于2米,則
A. 甲的s-t圖一定為圖線a B. 甲的s-t圖可能為圖線c
C. 乙的s-t圖可能為圖線b D. 乙的s-t圖一定為圖線c
7.在圖2所示的電路中,電源電壓不變,閉合電鍵S,則
A.電壓表V2的示數將增大 B.電壓表V1示數與電壓表V2示數的比值將不變
C.電壓表V1的示數將減小 D.電壓表V1示數與電流表A示數的乘積將變大
8.甲、乙兩塊磚體積相同,長、寬、高之比是4∶2∶1,已知ρ甲<ρ乙,現將它們按圖3所示方法疊放在水平地面上,則上面磚塊對下面磚塊的壓強與下面磚塊對地面的壓強可能相等的是
二、填空題(共26分)
9.太陽系中有很多星球,其中太陽屬于 (1) ,月球屬于 (2) (均選填“恒星”、“行星”或“衛星”)。衛星通信是通過微波實現的,微波是一種 (3) 。
10.如圖4所示,小徐用橡皮錘輕輕敲擊魚缸壁是為了讓魚缸 (4) 而發出聲音,同時他觀察到水中的魚受到驚嚇,這說明 (5) 能傳聲。若加大敲擊魚缸壁的力度,這時可以改變聲音的 (6) 。
11.2013年2月15號早晨一塊隕石墜落在俄羅斯車里雅賓斯克州,如圖5所示。隕石在下落過程中相對地面上的物體是 (7) 的(選填“運動”或“靜止”),其重力勢能將 (8) (選填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”)。隕石下落過程與大氣劇烈摩擦導致溫度升高,這是通過 (9) 的方式改變其內能的。
12.如圖6所示,用力將繩子的B端向上勻速提起,不考慮滑輪摩擦及重力,當拉力為20牛時,物體A的重力為 (10) 牛。若10秒內B端向上移動2米,則拉力做功 (11) 焦,功率為 (12) 瓦。
13.重力為20牛,體積為1×10-3米3物體浸沒在水中,物體受到的浮力為 (13) 牛,方向 (14) 。該物體所受重力和浮力的合力為 (15) 牛。
14.某導體兩端電壓為6伏,10秒內通過該導體橫截面的電荷量為3庫,則通過導體的電流為 (16) 安,電流所做的功為 (17) 焦;增大導體兩端電壓,導體的電阻將 (18) (選填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”)。
15.在圖7所示的電路中,電源電壓保持不變。閉合電鍵S,小燈正常發光,電路正常工作。一段時間后,小燈L突然熄滅,電路故障發生在電阻R或燈L上。
①若電壓表V1有示數,示數一定為零的電表是 (19) 。
②若電壓表V2有示數,則小燈L (20) 。
16.導體通過電流時會發熱,為了探究導體通電時產生的熱量與哪些因素有關,某實驗小組同學用通電的電阻絲加熱質量和初溫都相同的水,并將溫度計插入水中,觀察加熱后的水溫。三次實驗中通電時間相同,實驗過程及觀察到的現象如圖8所示,(a)、(b)兩圖中電流表指針所指刻度相同,電阻絲的電阻R1<R2。請根據實驗現象及相關條件歸納得出初步結論。
①分析比較圖8中(a)與(b)可得出的初步結論是: (21) 。
②分析比較圖8中(b)與(c)可得出的初步結論是: (22) 。
三、作圖題(共6分)
請用2B鉛筆將圖畫在答題紙的相應位置。
17.重為3牛的物體用細線懸掛在天花板上,用力的圖示法在圖9中畫出它的重力G。
18.在圖10中標出電流的方向、通電螺線管的磁感線方向以及小磁針的N極。
四、計算題(共24分)
19.質量為1千克的水,溫度升高了50℃,求水吸收的熱量。[c水= 4.2×103焦/(千克·℃)]
20.杠桿的動力臂l1為0.3米,動力F1為200牛,阻力F2為300牛,求杠桿平衡時的阻力臂l2。
21.水平地面上有一質量為1千克的薄壁圓柱形容器,容器內盛有體積為2×10-3米3的水,將一實心物塊浸沒于水中后(水不溢出),容器內水的深度為20厘米,求:
①容器內水的質量;
②水對容器底的壓強;
③若已知物塊浸沒于水中后,容器對地面壓強的增加量是水對容器底壓強增加量的3倍,是否可以求出該物塊的密度?若不能,說明理由;若能,請算出結果。
22.在圖11所示的電路中,電源電壓為18伏,定值電阻R1的阻值為12歐,閉合電鍵S,電流表的示數為0.45安。求:
①電阻R1兩端的電壓;
②電阻R2消耗的電功率;
③現有三個滑動變阻器,A:20歐 2安;B:100歐 2安;C:150歐 1安,請選擇其中一個替換定值電阻R1或R2。要求:閉合電鍵S,移動滑動變阻器的滑片,在保證各元件都能正常工作的情況下,電路中電流的變化量最大。
第一,為滿足上述要求,應選用滑動變阻器 (選填“A”或“B”或“C”)替換定值電阻 (選填“R1”或“R2”)。
第二,算出電路中電流的最大變化量 △I。
五、實驗題(共18分)
23.測定鹽水密度時,可用托盤天平測鹽水的 (1) ;在“探究二力平衡的條件”實驗中,應保持物體處于勻速直線運動或 (2) 狀態進行研究;測量電流的儀表是電流表,使用時應將它 (3) 在被測電路中,圖12所示電流表測得的電流為 (4) 安。
24.圖13所示是小佳同學在“驗證凸透鏡成像規律”實驗過程中的一個環節。請將此時觀察、測量、比較的結果記錄到下表中相應位置[即將(5)~(8)空填在答題紙上的表中] 。
凸透鏡焦距 f =15 cm
物體離凸透鏡的距離 像的正、倒 像的大、小 像的虛、實 像離凸透鏡的距離
大于2f
小于2f大于f
小于f
25.小匯同學做“測定小燈泡的電功率”實驗,實驗室供選擇的實驗器材如圖14所示,滑動變阻器的規格、小燈的額定電壓已標注在圖14中,小燈的額定電流都為0.3安。他選擇了所需的器材做實驗。請完成:
①畫出小匯同學的實驗電路圖 (9) 。
②當觀察到小燈正常發光時,滑動變阻器的滑片大約在中點,此時所測小燈的額定電壓為 (10) 伏,所用滑動變阻器的規格為 (11) 。小燈的額定功率為 (12) 瓦。
26.在探究了水平拉動物體時拉力的大小和接觸面大小無關后,某小組同學繼續研究水平拉力和其他因素的關系,他們將質量不同的物塊分別放置在水平的木板和橡膠板上,并用彈簧測力計沿水平方向勻速拉動物塊,如圖15所示。實驗數據分別記錄在表一、表二中。
① 分析比較實驗序號1與2與3或4與5與6的數據及相關條件,可得出的初步結論是:在同一水平面上,沿水平方向勻速拉動物體, (13) 。
② 分析比較實驗序號1與4或2與5或3與6的數據及相關條件,可得出的初步結論是:
(14) 。
表三 木板
實驗序號 夾角α(度) 拉力(牛)
7 10 2.79
8 20 2.71
9 30 2.68
10 40 2.75
11 50 2.92
12 60 3.21
③為了繼續探究拉動物體時拉力大小與拉力方向的關系,他們把質量為600克的物塊放在木板上繼續實驗,并用更精密的儀器測量拉力。如圖16所示,實驗中逐漸增大拉力與水平面的夾角α,勻速拉動木塊,數據記錄在表三中。
分析表三中數據,可得初步結論: (15) 。
根據表三中的數據,他們認為當夾角α為某一角度時,拉力可能最小,為了找到這一角度,還應該在夾角α為 (16) 度的范圍內進一步探究。
④他們還猜想拉力最小時的角度α可能與水平面的粗糙程度有關,為驗證這一猜想,他們應設計的實驗步驟是: (17) (請選填下列各項中的字母)。
A.將質量不同的物塊放置在粗糙程度不同的水平面上
B.將質量相同的物塊放置在粗糙程度不同的水平面上
C.將質量不同的物塊放置在粗糙程度相同的水平面上
D.用力沿水平方向勻速拉動物塊
E.用力沿不同方向勻速拉動物塊
F.記錄數據
2012—2013學年第二學期徐匯區初三年級理化學科
學習能力診斷卷
題 號 物理部分參考答案及評分要求
一、選擇題(每題2分,共16分) 1.B。 2.C。3.D。4.A。5.B。6.C。7.D 。8.B。
二、填空題(第9題至14題每格1分,第15、16題每格2分,共26分) 9.(1)恒星; (2)衛星; (3)無線電波。10.(4)振動; (5)液體(水); (6)響度。11.(7)運動; (8)變小; (9)做功。 12.(10)40; (11)40; (12)4。13.(13)9.8; (14)豎直向上; (15)10.2。14.(16)0.3; (17)18; (18)不變。15.(19)A、V2; (20)可能短路(短路或完好)。16.(21)通電時間與電流都相同,電阻越大的導體產生的熱量越多;(22)相同導體(電阻)通電時間相同,電流越大,導體產生的熱量越多。
三、作圖題(共6分) 17. 力的大小、方向、作用點各1分。18. 電流的方向、磁感線方向、小磁針的N極各1分。
四、計算題(共24分) 19.(4分) Q = c mΔt = 4.2×103焦/ (千克 ℃) ×1千克×50℃ = 2.1×105焦 2分1分1分
20.(4分) 2分2分
21.(7分) ① ②③; 3分2分1分1分
22.(9分) ①U1= IR1=0.45安×12歐=5.4伏 ②P2=U2I=(U-U1)I=(18伏-5.4伏)×0.45安=5.67瓦 B; R2 ③IM=1.25安 Im=0.25安 △I=1安 2分2分1分1分1分1分1分
說明:在計算中,有關單位錯寫、漏寫,總扣 1 分。
五、實驗題[第(15)格2分,其它每格1分,共18分) 23.(1)質量; (2)靜止; (3)串聯; (4)0.24。24.凸透鏡焦距 f =15 cm物體離凸透鏡的距離 像的正、倒 像的大、小 像的虛、實 像離凸透鏡的距離 大于2f 小于2f大于f 倒立放大 實像 大于2f 小于f 25.(9)圖略;(10)2.2(或3.8); (11)25Ω 2A (12)0.66(或1.14)。26. ①(13)拉力大小與物體(物塊)的質量成正比 ②(14)沿水平方向勻速拉動質量相同的物體(物塊),接觸面的材料不同,拉力的大小不同。③(15)在同一水平面上勻速拉動同一物體,拉力方向與水平面夾角增大時,拉力先減小后增大;(2分)(16)20°~30°。(填20°~40°或30°~40°也給分)④(17)B、E、F。
2013.3
A
O
60°
法線
圖5 圖6
圖1
10
t/秒
6
8
4
2
0
4
8
a
s/米
2
6
b
c
V1
圖2
R1
R2
A
S
V2
A. B. C. D.
圖3








圖4 圖5 圖6
·B
A
F
V2
R
A
S
V1
L
圖7
(a) (b) (c)
0.6 3
A
R2
圖8
R2
0.6 3
A
0.6 3
A
R1
圖9 圖10
R2
A
S
V2
R1
V1
圖11
圖12 圖13
0
10
20
30
cm
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
2.2V
導線若干
10Ω 2A 25Ω 2A
2.5V
3.8V
0.6 3
A
新電池若干
圖14
圖15
F
實驗序號 質量(克) 拉力(牛)
1 400 2.0
2 500 2.5
3 600 3.0
實驗序號 質量(克) 拉力(牛)
4 400 2.8
5 500 3.5
6 600 4.2
表一 木板
表二 橡膠板
F
α
圖162013學年徐匯區初三二模語文試卷
一、文言文(42分)(一)默寫(18分)1、造化鐘神秀,_________________________2、__________________________,煙波江上使人愁。3、山光悅鳥性,____________________________4、________________________,輕煙老樹寒鴉。5、彼竭我盈,________________________________6、_______________________________,隳突乎南北。(二)閱讀下面的這首詩,完成7-8題。(4分)   觀滄海曹操東臨碣石,以觀滄海。水何澹澹,山島竦峙。樹木叢生,百草豐茂。秋風蕭瑟,洪波涌起。日月之行,若出其中;星漢燦爛,若出其里。幸甚至哉,歌以詠志。7、詩中 “澹?!钡囊馑际莀________。(2分)8、下面對這首詩理解不準確的一項是( )A、首句寫詩人登臨碣石山,登高觀海。B、二、三、四句寫出秋風蕭瑟、萬物凋敝的景象。C、五、六句描繪出大海吞吐日月、包蘊星漢的宏偉氣魄。D、全詩體現了詩人豪邁樂觀的進取精神。(三)閱讀下文,完成第9-11題。(10分)  河曲智叟笑而止之曰:“甚矣,汝之不惠。以殘年余力,曾不能毀山之一毛,其如土石何?”北山愚公長息曰:“汝心之固,固不可徹,曾不若孀妻弱子。雖我之死,有子存焉;子又生孫,孫又生子;子又有子,子又有孫;子子孫孫無窮匱(kuì)也,而山不加增,何苦而不平?”河曲智叟亡以應。9、上面的語段節選自課文《____________________________________》。(2分)10、翻譯句子。(3分)以殘年余力,曾不能毀山之一毛,其如土石何?___________________________11、下列選項不正確的一項是( )(3分)A、智叟的“笑”體現出他對愚公的嘲諷。B、愚公認為智叟思想認識非常頑固。C、愚公的分析體現出發展的眼光。D、智叟最終被愚公的精神打動并深感內疚。(四)閱讀下文,完成第12-15題。(12分)林琴南友菜傭 林琴南早年貧甚,授徒奉母,時苦不給。一日,有賣菜傭弛擔息其門首,出見,與語。菜傭自言家止一母,負販所得,以供甘旨外,無他求。林嘆曰:“若然,我儕之友也?!辈藗蛑x弗敢當,林曰:“若無然。我儕操業不同,能孝母一也,我今友汝矣?!薄咀⑨尅繒r苦不給:時?;谏畈荒芫S持。 傭:受記住出賣勞動力的人。 儕:同類,同輩12、解釋下列加點的詞。(4分)(1)菜傭自言家止一母 ( ) (2)我儕操業不同( )13、以下對文中畫線句理解最恰當的一項是( )(2分)A、背菜賣得的錢,除了母親外,沒有其他人需要供養。B、背菜賣得的錢,除了用來供養母親外,沒有其他的要求。C、背著母親販賣所得到的,只能用來養家,其他都沒有要求。D、背著母親買菜賺錢,只能用來養家,其他都沒有要求。14、菜傭“謝弗敢當”的原因是______________________。(用自己的話回答)(2分)15、文中林琴南與菜傭在生活境遇上的共同點是 ,二人共同擁有的品質是 (3分)二、現代文(48分) (一)閱讀下文,完成第16-20題(20分)“兩小兒辯日”,為何沒能辯出科學? 初中語文教材收錄了出自《列子.湯問》的故事“兩小兒辯日”,千年前的古人能提出這個涉及文化、幾何、光學等各種知識的深刻的問題并進行思考,是件很不簡單的事情。遺憾的是,這個深邃的極有創新意識的命題未能辯下去,進而“辯”出現代科學。 其實中國古代典籍記載了許多和自然科學相關的創新思想的實例。如早在春秋末年,曾子就對“天園地方”之說提出了質疑;在東漢年間《尚書緯》描述了物體的慣性運動和相對性原理,這比伽利略要早1500多年。李約瑟更是把墨子在《墨經》里的文字記載看成是慣性運動的原始表述,比牛頓第一,二定律早許多。 但為什么中國古人沒能把這些遠早于西方的創新思想變為科學理論呢?深究原因,是中國幾千年的封建專制對創新思維起到了束縛作用。 儒家思想教導人們:“君子有三畏:畏天命,畏大人,畏圣人;小人不知天命而不畏狎大人,辱圣人之言。”這本是針對當時禮崩樂壞的政治局面而說的,但從西漢獨尊儒術后便被強調為一切都按圣人先賢所定下的規則行事,進而把主張不走前人路的人都比作“小人”,這樣如何還能談科學創新? 自然科學中的許許多多的新發現都是不斷挑戰傳統思想的結果。科學創新需要富有挑戰精神,要敢于不斷追問、懷疑和挑戰“天道”和“圣人”之言。哥白尼正是挑戰了托勒密體系,使他成為推翻“地心說”的第一人,也使他真正成為近代科學質疑的第一人。而這種敢于挑戰的精神恰恰是我們國人最缺乏的。 所以我們要從基礎教育做起,提倡挑戰精神的培養,不能把學生培養成一味“服從”標準答案的考試機器,要寬容甚至鼓勵學生“挑戰”答案,要引導學生在挑戰和質疑中逐步走向對事物的更本質的認識中。 從根本上來說,這當然需要教育制度的改革,但同時也需要相關各方在思想認識上的轉變。需要教師放下形式上的師道尊嚴,以平等的精神帶領學生去探尋真理;需要家長目光長遠,不囿于孩子一時的得失成??;當然,也需要學習者本人的自發與自覺,敢于擺脫束縛,以 “大膽假設,小心求證”的態度對待學習。只有這樣,兩小兒之辯,才能不僅僅是靈光一現,而真正開出智慧之花。16、第段劃線句中的兩個加點的“辯”字,前者可解釋為___________________________,后者結合文意,可理解為_______________________。(3分)17、第段中,作者列舉了不少實例,是為了表明中國人_______________________________,并進而引出“______________________________________________________”的問題。(4分)18、第段運用的論證方法是__________________________,此段文字論證的觀點是______________________________________________________(4分)19、第7段認為培養學生的挑戰精神需要:(1)______________________________________________________(2)______________________________________________________(6分)20、下列對本文論點的概括最恰當的一項是( )(3分)A、封建專制束縛了中國的科學啟蒙。B、“兩小兒辯日”應該辯出現代科學。C、科學創新需要具有挑戰精神。D、科學創新要從基礎教育抓起。(二)閱讀下文,完成第21-26題。(28分) 甘美的回味·豐子愷  有一次我偶得閑暇,溫習從前所學過的彈琴課。一位朋友拍拍我的肩膀說道:“你們會音樂的真是幸福,寂寞起來彈一曲琴,多么舒服!唉,我的生活太枯燥了。我兒時也想學些音樂,調劑調劑呢?!薄 ∵@朋友說我“寂寞起來彈一曲琴多么舒服”,實在是冤枉了我!因為我回想自己的學習音樂的經過,只感到艱辛與嚴肅,卻從未因了學習音樂而感到舒服?! ∮浀梦以诤贾莸谝粠煼蹲x書的時候,最怕的功課是“還琴”。李叔同先生每星期教授我們彈琴一次。先生先把新課彈一遍給我們看。略略指導了彈法的要點,就令我們各自回去練習。一星期后我們須得練習純熟而來彈給先生看,這就叫做“還琴”。但這不是由教務處排定在課程表內的音樂功課,而是先生給我們規定的課外修業。故還琴的時間,總在午膳后至第一課之間,或是晚飯后至晚間自修課之間。我們自己練習琴的時間則各人各便,大都在課余,或晚上。但這課外修業實際比一切正課都艱辛而嚴肅。這并非我個人特殊感覺,我們的同學們講起還琴都害怕。我每逢輪到還琴的一天,飯總是不吃飽的。我在十分鐘內了結吃飯與盥洗,立刻挾了彈琴講義,先到練琴室內去,抱了一下佛腳,然后心中帶了一塊沉重的大石頭而走進還琴教室去。我們的先生——他似乎是不吃飯的——早已靜悄悄地等候在那里。大風琴上的譜表與音栓都已安排妥帖,顯出一排雪白的鍵板,猶似一件怪物張著闊大的口,露出一口雪白的牙齒而蹲踞著,在那里等候我們的來到。  先生見我進來,立刻給我翻出我今天所應還的一課來,我坐在大風琴邊,悄悄地抽了一口大氣,然后開始彈奏,先生并不正面督視我的手指,而是斜立在離開我數步的桌旁。他似乎知道我心中的狀況,深恐使我心中慌亂而手足失措,所以特地離開一些。但我確知他的眼睛是不曾離開過我的手上的。因為不但遇到我按錯一個鍵板的時候他知道,就是鍵板全不按錯而用錯了一根手指時,他的頭便急速地回轉,向我一看,這一看表示通不過。先生指點樂譜,令我從某處重新彈起。小錯從樂句開始處重彈,大錯則須從樂曲開始處重彈。有時重彈幸而通過了,但有時越是重彈,心中越是慌亂而錯誤越多。這還琴便不能通過。先生用和平而嚴肅的語調低聲向我說,“下次再還”。于是我只得起身離琴,仍舊帶了心中這塊沉重的大石頭而走出還琴教室,再去加上刻苦練習的功夫。  先生的教授音樂是這樣地嚴肅的,我畢業離校,不再練習彈琴。但說起音樂演奏,總覺得是一種非常嚴肅的行為。我須得用了“如臨大敵”的態度而彈琴,用了“如見大賓”的態度而聽人演奏。彈過聽過之后,只感到興奮的疲倦,絕未因此而感到舒服。所以那個朋友拍著我的肩膀而說的話,在我覺得冤枉,不能首肯。難道世間另有一種娛樂的音樂教則本與娛樂的音樂先生嗎?這疑團在我心中久不能釋。有一天我在某學校的同樂會的席上恍然地悟到了?! ⊥瑯窌褪怯梢徊糠滞瑢W和教師在臺上表演唱或奏,全是令人發笑的內容。座上不絕地發出哄笑的聲音。我回看后面的聽眾,但見許多血盆似的笑口。我覺得這同樂會的確是“樂”!聽他們的唱奏,可以全不費一點心力而覺鼓膜上的快感。這與我所學習的音樂大異,聽這種音樂,不必用“如見大賓”的態度,而只須當作喝酒。我聽了一會音樂,好似喝了一頓酒,覺得有片刻的陶醉而舒服?! ∮谑俏椅虻搅?,那個朋友所贊嘆而盼望學習的音樂,一定就是這種喝酒一般的音樂。他是把音樂看作喝酒一類的樂事的。他的話中的“音樂”及“彈琴”等字倘使改作“喝酒”,例如說,“你們會喝酒的人真是幸福,寂寞起來喝一杯酒多么舒服!”那我便首肯了?! 〉悄欠N酒上口雖好,過后卻頗感惡腥,似乎要嘔吐的樣子。我自從那回嘗過之后,不想再喝了。我覺得這種舒服的滋味,遠不及艱辛嚴肅的回味的甘美。21、第段中破折號的作用是____ _(2分)A、標示插入語 B、標示補充說明 C、標示話題轉換 D、標示話語的中斷22、第段劃線句所用的修辭手法是______,其表達效果是:________________________________________(4分)23、作者認為自己學習音樂的過程是“艱辛嚴肅”的,請你結合文章內容,概括“艱辛嚴肅”的具體表現。(6分)(1)需得在一周內把新課練習得純熟。(2)______________________________________________________(3)______________________________________________________24、第4段中的劃線句如果替換成以下這段語言描寫,你認為效果好不好 理由是什么?(4分) 先生語重心長地說:“你彈得不好,說明練習得還不夠。這是學琴必須經歷的難關,你現在必須努力練習,將來才能有甘美的回味?!盻________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________25、下列選項對本文寫作意圖理解是恰當的一項是( )(4分)A、要學習和欣賞嚴肅的音樂。B、要以嚴肅的態度對待藝術,對待人生。C、面對艱辛嚴肅的學習歷程要永不言棄。D、表達對李先生的敬仰與懷念。26、文章回顧了自己艱辛嚴肅的學琴歷程后,為什么還要寫“同樂會”的經歷?請用80字左右的文字寫出你的認識。(8分)三、作文(60分) 27、請以“路上的發現”為題,寫一篇不少于600字的文章,不要在文中透露個人相關信息,不得抄襲。

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