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江蘇省無錫市濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)試題(5科5份 含聽力)

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江蘇省無錫市濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)試題(5科5份 含聽力)

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濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)化學(xué)試題
注意事項(xiàng):①答案全部填在答題卷上。填寫在試題紙上一律無效。
②選用的相對原子質(zhì)量在答題卷首。
③考試時間:50分鐘;試卷滿分:50分。
一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(每題只有一個選項(xiàng)符合題意,每題1分,共15分)
1、近幾年自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),災(zāi)害中常有如下變化發(fā)生。下列屬于化學(xué)變化的是
A、冰川融化 B、房屋坍塌 C、森林火災(zāi) D、山體滑坡
2、下列物質(zhì),屬于純凈物的是
A、生理鹽水 B、凈化后的空氣 C、干冰 D、生鐵
3、日本發(fā)生核泄露后,人們紛紛搶購加碘鹽以防輻射,這里的碘指的是
A、單質(zhì) B、元素 C、分子 D、原子
4、下列常用調(diào)味品中,與水充分混合后不能形成溶液的是
A、蔗糖 B、白醋 C、芝麻油 D、食鹽
5、下列實(shí)驗(yàn)操作中,正確的是
A、向試管中加鋅粒 B、點(diǎn)燃另一酒精燈 C、檢查裝置的氣密性 D、稀釋濃硫酸
6、下列各物質(zhì)的俗名與化學(xué)式對應(yīng)關(guān)系不正確的是
A、食鹽:NaCl B、純堿:NaOH C、小蘇打:NaHCO3 D、熟石灰:Ca(OH)2
7、下列實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象描述正確的是
A、硫在空氣中燃燒產(chǎn)生微弱的淡藍(lán)色火焰,并生成無色有刺激性氣味的氣體
B、銅片投入到稀硫酸中產(chǎn)生大量的氣泡
C、濃鹽酸打開瓶蓋有白煙
D、用玻璃棒將肥皂水滴到pH試紙上,試紙由黃色變?yōu)榧t色
8、下列物質(zhì)露置在空氣中,質(zhì)量會發(fā)生改變,其中與空氣中二氧化碳和水都有關(guān)的是
①鐵 ②氫氧化鈉 ③氧化鈣 ④濃鹽酸
A、①② B、 ②③ C、③④ D、①④
9、生活中的洗滌很多都與化學(xué)知識有關(guān),下列有關(guān)說法不正確的是
A、廚房洗滌劑可使餐具上的油污乳化 B、汽油可溶解衣服上的油漬
C、食醋可洗去熱水瓶內(nèi)壁的水垢 D、金屬制品表面除銹應(yīng)加過量稀鹽酸長時間浸泡
10、下列物質(zhì)的鑒別方法正確的是
A、用澄清石灰水鑒別氫氣和一氧化碳 B、用酚酞鑒別碳酸鈉溶液和氫氧化鈉溶液
C、用食鹽水鑒別硬水和軟水 D、用水鑒別硝酸銨固體和氫氧化鈉固體
11、實(shí)驗(yàn)測得某些食物的近似pH如下,下列說法正確的是
食物
泡菜
葡萄
番茄
蘋果
牛奶
玉米粥
pH
3.4
4.2
4.4
3.1
6.5
7.8
A、牛奶和玉米粥均屬于堿性食物 B、胃酸過多的人應(yīng)少食泡菜
C、番茄的酸性比蘋果強(qiáng) D、用濕潤的pH試紙蘸取葡萄汁測其pH
12、下圖是A、B、C三種固體的溶解度曲線。下列說法正確的是
A、t1℃時,A和C的飽和溶液中所含溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量相等
B、將45 g A放入50 g t2℃的水中,所得溶液為95g
C、A的溶解度比B的溶解度大
D、通過加溶質(zhì)、蒸發(fā)溶劑、升高溫度均可使接近飽和的
溶液變?yōu)槠滹柡腿芤旱奈镔|(zhì)是C
13、右圖是氫氧化鈉溶液與稀鹽酸恰好完全反應(yīng)的微觀示意圖,由此得出的結(jié)論正確的

A、反應(yīng)后溶液的pH大于7
B、反應(yīng)前的溶液均可導(dǎo)電,反應(yīng)后的溶液不導(dǎo)電
C、反應(yīng)后溶液中存在的粒子只有Na+和Cl―
D、反應(yīng)前后所有元素的化合價均無變化?
14、除去下列物質(zhì)中的雜質(zhì)所選用的試劑及操作方法不正確的一組是
?
物 質(zhì)
所含雜質(zhì)
除去雜質(zhì)的方法
A
KOH溶液
(K2CO3)
適量的Ca(OH)2溶液、過濾
B
N2氣體
(O2)
將氣體緩緩?fù)ㄟ^灼熱的銅網(wǎng)
C
CuO
(Cu)
稀硫酸溶液、過濾
D
KNO3
(NaCl)
熱水、降溫結(jié)晶、過濾
15、已知CaCO3+H2O+CO2=Ca(HCO3)2,Ca(HCO3)2可溶于水。
下列關(guān)于圖像的描述不正確的是
A、圖①表示澄清石灰水中持續(xù)通入CO2
B、圖②將鎂條和鋅片(均足量)分別和等質(zhì)量、等質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的稀硫酸混合
C、圖③表示氫氧化鈉溶液中加入大量的水
D、圖④表示將飽和硝酸鉀溶液恒溫蒸發(fā)水份
二、(本題包括2題,共12分)
16、(1)化學(xué)與我們的生活息息相關(guān),就在我們身邊。在“純堿、食鹽、不銹鋼、石墨、
熟石灰”中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)奈镔|(zhì)填空:
① 屬于合金的是 ; ② 可用作防腐和調(diào)味品的是 ;
③常用作電極的是 ; ④可用于洗滌劑生產(chǎn)的是 。
(2)現(xiàn)有H、C、O、Ca四種元素,請選用其中的元素寫出符合下列要求的化學(xué)式各一個:
①可做還原劑的氣體化合物 ; ② 由三種元素組成的酸 ;
③可用于改良酸性土壤的堿 ; ④可作補(bǔ)鈣劑的鹽 。
17、根據(jù)要求寫出下列方程式,并在括號內(nèi)注明基本反應(yīng)類型。
(1)用稀硫酸來清除鐵制品表面的銹 (     )反應(yīng)
(2) 氫氧化鈉溶液在空氣中易變質(zhì),這是因?yàn)?
(3)服用含氫氧化鋁的藥物可以治療胃酸過多癥
三、(本題包括2題,共12分)
18、請結(jié)合下列實(shí)驗(yàn)常用裝置,回答有關(guān)問題。

(1)寫出圖中標(biāo)有字母的儀器的名稱:a__________。
(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)室用氯酸鉀和二氧化錳制取氧氣,應(yīng)選用的發(fā)生裝置是_________,反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式是 。
(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取二氧化碳的反應(yīng)方程式為 。若要獲得干燥的二氧化碳,除發(fā)生裝置外,還應(yīng)選用D裝置,并在該裝置中盛放 (填寫試劑名稱)。如果用E裝置收集該氣體,則氣體從_________端進(jìn)入(填“b”或“c”)。
(4)實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用裝置C代替裝置B制取氣體,該裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是通過開關(guān)活塞來控制反應(yīng)的開始和停止,下列反應(yīng)適用于該裝置的有 (填序號)。
①大理石和稀鹽酸 ②過氧化氫溶液與少量二氧化錳粉末 ③鋅粒與稀硫酸
19、月球表面富含鈦鐵礦,鈦因其硬度大、熔點(diǎn)高、常溫下耐酸堿、耐腐蝕等優(yōu)良的性能,被譽(yù)為“未來金屬”。我國四川省有大型釩鈦磁鐵礦,由釩鈦磁鐵礦提取金屬鈦的主要工藝過程如下:
① 鈦鐵礦的主要成分是FeTiO3(鈦酸亞鐵),其中鈦的化合價為?????????????????? 價。
② TiCl4在高溫下與足量Mg反應(yīng)生成金屬Ti的化學(xué)方程式 ,該反應(yīng)屬于_____________(填基本反應(yīng)類型)。
③ 上述生產(chǎn)過程中得到的金屬鈦中混有少量金屬雜質(zhì),若在實(shí)驗(yàn)室提純上述金屬鈦,可將其先加入_________________(填試劑名稱)中,再 (填操作名稱)。
四、(本題包括1小題,共11分)
20、小亮在實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)現(xiàn)一瓶盛有無色溶液的試劑瓶,其標(biāo)簽破損,從殘余部分只能看出溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%,具體是什么物質(zhì)無法辨認(rèn)。老師告訴他,這瓶溶液可能是氫氧化鈉、氯化鈉、氫氧化鈣或是碳酸鈉中的一種。
(1)小亮查閱氫氧化鈣常溫下的溶解度為0.18g后,認(rèn)為該溶液不可能是氫氧化鈣,理由是 。
(2)小亮用潔凈干燥的玻璃棒蘸取該溶液滴到濕潤的pH試紙上,測得pH=9,他判斷該溶液不可能是氯化鈉。對他的操作方法、測量結(jié)果及結(jié)論的評價,正確的是 ;
A.方法正確,結(jié)果正確,且結(jié)論正確 B.方法不正確,結(jié)果偏小,但結(jié)論正確
C.方法不正確,結(jié)果偏大,結(jié)論不正確 D.方法正確,結(jié)果正確,但結(jié)論不正確
(3)為了進(jìn)一步確定該溶液的成分,小亮繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下列實(shí)驗(yàn)。
[設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案]方案甲:選擇氯化鋇溶液來確定該溶液的成份;
方案乙:選擇稀硫酸來確定該溶液的成份。
[進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)]在兩個方案中選一個方案,填寫步驟、現(xiàn)象、結(jié)論。
實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟
實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論
取少量溶液于試管,滴加 。

該溶液是碳酸鈉溶液。有關(guān)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為: 。
[實(shí)驗(yàn)反思]
①有同學(xué)認(rèn)為還可以用一種常見的堿溶液來確定是碳酸鈉,該堿溶液可以是 溶液。
有關(guān)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為: __________________ 。
②小亮經(jīng)過反思,向同學(xué)們提出如下建議,你認(rèn)為不合理的是 (填字母)。
A、傾倒液體時應(yīng)注意保護(hù)標(biāo)簽不被腐蝕 B、要有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的態(tài)度
C、無法辨認(rèn)的藥品,直接倒掉,無需保留
(4)用“侯氏制堿法”制得的純堿中常含有少量的氯化鈉。為測定某純堿樣品中碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),小明稱取該樣品11?g,加入到盛有一定量稀鹽酸的燒杯中,恰好完全反應(yīng),測得燒杯中物質(zhì)總質(zhì)量的變化如圖所示。請計(jì)算:
①該純堿樣品中碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。(精確到0.1%,下同)
②反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。
② 略 , 置換反應(yīng) 。
③ 稀鹽酸(稀硫酸) , 過濾(過濾、洗滌、干燥) 。
四、(本題包括1小題,共11分)
20、(1)<10% (2) B
(3)
取少量溶液于試管,滴加 氯化鋇溶液(或稀硫酸) 。
有白色沉淀 (或有氣泡)
該溶液是碳酸鈉溶液。有關(guān)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為: 略 。
①它是 Ca(OH)2 , 略
② C
(4)①96.4% ②21.4%
濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)試題
一.選擇題(本大題共10小題,每小題3分,共30分.在每小題所給出的四個選項(xiàng)中,只有一項(xiàng)是正確的)
1.-3的倒數(shù)是 ( )
  A. B. C. D.
2.下列運(yùn)算中,正確的是 ( )
A. B. C. D.
A.正六邊形 B.正八邊形 C.正十邊形 D.正十二邊形
5.某班抽取6名同學(xué)參加體能測試,成績?nèi)缦?80,90,75,75,80,80.下列表述錯誤的是 ( )
A.眾數(shù)是80 B.中位數(shù)是75 C.平均數(shù)是80 D.極差是15
6.在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,tanA=,則cosB的值為 ( )
A. B. C. D.
7.將二次函數(shù)的圖象向右平移1個單位,再向上平移2個單位后,所得圖象的函數(shù)表達(dá)式是 ( )
A. B.
C. D.
8. 如圖,平行四邊形ABCD中,E為AD的中點(diǎn),已知△DEF的面積為S,則△DCF的面積為 ( )
A.S B.2S C.3S D.4S
9.如圖所示由7個大小相同的正方體搭成的幾何體,則關(guān)于它的視圖說法正確的是( )
A.正視圖的面積最大  B.俯視圖的面積最大
C.左視圖的面積最大  D.三個視圖的面積一樣大
10.在一張直角三角形紙片的兩直角邊上各取一點(diǎn),分別沿斜邊中點(diǎn)與這兩點(diǎn)的連線剪去兩個三角形,剩下的部分是如圖所示的直角梯形,其中三邊長分別為2、4、3,則原直角三角形紙片的斜邊長是   ( )
(A)10 或8 (B)或 (C)10或 (D)10或
二.填空題(本大題共8小題,每小題2分,共16分.不需要寫出解答過程,只需把答案直接填寫在答題卷上相應(yīng)的位置)
11.16的平方根是 .
12.無錫市某路段的304盞太陽能路燈一年大約可節(jié)電229 000千瓦時,用科學(xué)記數(shù)法表示為 千瓦時。
13.分解因式: .
14.底面半徑為6cm,母線長為10cm的圓錐的側(cè)面展開圖的面積為_____________cm2.
15.一只袋內(nèi)裝有3只紅球和2只白球,這5只球除顏色外均相同,5人依次從袋中取一只球后并放回,則第四人摸到白球的概率是 .
16.如圖,將半徑為1cm的圓形紙片折疊后,圓弧AB總在圓心O的下方,那么折痕AB的長度d的取值范圍 cm.
17.如圖,圓柱形玻璃杯,高為12cm,底面周長為18cm,在杯內(nèi)離杯底4cm的點(diǎn)處有一滴蜂蜜,此時一只螞蟻正好在杯外壁,離杯上沿4cm與蜂蜜相對的點(diǎn)處,則螞蟻到達(dá)蜂蜜的最短距離為_________ cm.
18.如圖,點(diǎn)M是雙曲線上一點(diǎn),ME⊥y軸,MF⊥x軸,直線交坐標(biāo)軸于A、B兩點(diǎn),交ME于C點(diǎn),交MF于D點(diǎn),則AD·BC=
三、解答題(本大題共10小題,共84分.請?jiān)诖痤}卷指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,解答時應(yīng)寫出必要的文字說明、證明過程或演算步驟)
19. (本題滿分8分)
(1)
(2) 解方程=―
20. (本題滿分8分) 如圖,在△ABC中,D是BC邊上的一點(diǎn),E是AD的中點(diǎn),過A點(diǎn)作BC的平行線交CE的延長線于點(diǎn)F,且AF=BD,連結(jié)BF。
求證:BD=CD;
如果AB=AC,試判斷四邊形AFBD的形狀,并證明你的結(jié)論。
21. (本題滿分6分)如圖,公園里有一塊形如四邊形ABCD的草地,測得BC=CD=10米,∠B=∠C=120°,∠A=45°.請你求出這塊草地的面積
22. (本題滿分8分)為迎接2011年高中招生考試,某中學(xué)對全校九年級學(xué)生進(jìn)行了一次數(shù)學(xué)摸底考試,并隨機(jī)抽取了部分學(xué)生的測試成績作為樣本進(jìn)行分析,繪制成了如下兩幅不完整的統(tǒng)計(jì)圖,請根據(jù)圖中所給信息,解答下列問題:
(1)請將表示成績類別為“中”的條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖補(bǔ)充完整;
(2)在扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖中,表示成績類別為“優(yōu)”的扇形所對應(yīng)的圓心角是   度;
(3)學(xué)校九年級共有1000人參加了這次數(shù)學(xué)考試,估算該校九年級共有多少名學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)成績可以達(dá)到優(yōu)秀?
23. (本題滿分6分) 在一個不透明的紙箱里裝有紅、黃、藍(lán)三種顏色的小球,它們除顏色外完全相同,其中紅球有2個,黃球有1個,藍(lán)球有1個. 現(xiàn)有一張電影票,小明和小亮決定通過摸球游戲定輸贏(贏的一方得電影票).游戲規(guī)則是:兩人各摸1次球,先由小明從紙箱里隨機(jī)摸出1個球,記錄顏色后放回,將小球搖勻,再由小亮隨機(jī)摸出1個球.若兩人摸到的球顏色相同,則小明贏,否則小亮贏.請你利用樹狀圖或列表法說明這個游戲規(guī)則對雙方公平嗎?
24. (本題滿分7分) 據(jù)媒體報道,我國2010年公民出境旅游總?cè)藬?shù)約5000萬人次,2012年公民出境旅游總?cè)藬?shù)約7200萬人次,若2011年、2012年公民出境旅游總?cè)藬?shù)逐年遞增,請解答下列問題:
(1)求這兩年我國公民出境旅游總?cè)藬?shù)的年平均增長率;
(2)如果2013年仍保持相同的年平均增長率,請你預(yù)測2013年我國公民出境旅游總?cè)藬?shù)約多少萬人次?
25. (本題滿分9分)如圖,□ABCD中,對角線AC長為10cm,∠BAC=45°,∠DAC=30°.點(diǎn)P從點(diǎn)A出發(fā),以1cm/s的速度,沿AC向點(diǎn)C作勻速運(yùn)動,到點(diǎn)C停止運(yùn)動.以點(diǎn)P為圓心,PA長為半徑作圓.設(shè)點(diǎn)P運(yùn)動的時間為t(s).
(1)⊙P與平行四邊形ABCD的某一邊所在直線相切時,求t的值;
(2)若⊙P與AC、AD所在的直線交于E、F兩點(diǎn),設(shè)四邊形ABEF的面積為s,試求出s與t的函數(shù)關(guān)系式。
26. (本題滿分11分) 勞技課上,同學(xué)們領(lǐng)到了一根長方形木條(圖3),班長倡議:我們用鋸子分割一下,然后用強(qiáng)力膠粘起來,為數(shù)學(xué)老師做一把有一個角30°的直角三角板。于是同學(xué)們分成甲乙兩個組,進(jìn)行探究:
①甲小組對圖形進(jìn)行了分析探究,得到方案一:
如圖(1),連結(jié)AE、CD、BF,則∠1= ;∠2= ;
乙小組對圖形進(jìn)行了分析探究,得到方案二:
如圖(2),延長FE、FD,以及連結(jié)BF,則∠4= 。
②兩個小組比較后,認(rèn)為圖(1)雖然美觀,但是圖(2)更方便計(jì)算,決定以圖(2)為操作方案,若制成后的三角板中,AB與EF的距離是5,DF=30,則圖(3)中矩形寬= ;長至少等于 ;
③現(xiàn)在甲乙兩個小組手中的矩形木條尺寸6×120(圖3),在裁剪粘貼中不計(jì)損耗,則制成的最大三角板中,DF的長是多少?(在裁剪中,不改變圖(3)中木條的寬度)
27. (本題滿分11分)在平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),二次函數(shù)圖象與x軸交于A(-1,0),B(4,0)兩點(diǎn),與y軸交于點(diǎn)C(0,4),直線y=x+1與二次函數(shù)的圖象交于A、D兩點(diǎn),
(1)求出二次函數(shù)的解析式以及D點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);
(2)點(diǎn)P是直線AD上方拋物線上的一點(diǎn),連結(jié)PB,交AD于點(diǎn)E,使,求出符合要求的點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo);
(3)在(2)的條件下,連結(jié)PD,
①直接寫出PD與AD的關(guān)系
②點(diǎn)M是平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),使△PDM∽△ADB,求符合要求的所有點(diǎn)M的坐標(biāo)。
28. (本題滿分10分)在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,對于任意兩點(diǎn)與的“特殊距離”,給出如下定義:
若,則點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”為;
若,則點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”為.
如圖1,點(diǎn),點(diǎn),因?yàn)椋渣c(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”為,也就是圖1中線段與線段長度的較大值(點(diǎn)為垂直于軸的直線與垂直于軸的直線的交點(diǎn))。
(1)已知點(diǎn),為軸上的一個動點(diǎn),
①若點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”為2,寫出一個滿足條件的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);
②直接寫出點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”的最小值;
(2)已知是直線上的一個動點(diǎn),
①如圖2,點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(0,1),求點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”的最小值及相應(yīng)的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);
②如圖3,點(diǎn)E是拋物線上一動點(diǎn),求點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)的“特殊距離”的最小值及相應(yīng)的點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)。
經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)x=2是原方程的解 4分
20.(本題滿分8分)
(1)證得AE=DC 1分
BD=AE 3分
所以BD=DC 4分
(2)四邊形AFBD是矩形 1分
正確證明 3分
21. (本題滿分6分)
解:延長AB,DC交于點(diǎn)E 1分
S△ABC=150+50 4分
S△BCE=25 5分
S△ABCD=150+25 6分
22.(本題滿分8分)
(1)請將表示成績類別為“中”的條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖補(bǔ)充完整;(2分)
答:我國公民出境旅游總?cè)藬?shù)的年平均增長率為20% 5分
(2) 8640人 7分
25.(本題滿分9分)
解:(1)與BC相切時,t= 3分
與DC相切時,t=10-10 6分
(2). 9分
26. (本題滿分11分)
(3)① PD⊥AD,PD=AD. 7分
②M1(3.5,6),M(1,3.5) 11分
濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)物理試題
注意事項(xiàng):
1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分,滿分80分,考試時間80分鐘.
2.答題前,考生務(wù)必先用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的班級、姓名、學(xué)校名稱、考試號等填寫在答題卷密封線內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上.
3.所有的答案均應(yīng)書寫在答題卷上相對應(yīng)的位置上,否則作答無效.
一、選擇題(本題共12小題,每題2分,共24分.每小題四個選項(xiàng)中只有一個正確)
1. 關(guān)于聲現(xiàn)象,下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A.用聲波能粉碎人體內(nèi)的“小石頭”,說明聲波能夠傳遞信息。
B.敲鑼時用力越大,聲音的音調(diào)越高
C.“聞其聲而知其人”主要是根據(jù)聲音的音色來判斷的
D.市區(qū)內(nèi)某些路段“禁鳴喇叭”,這是在聲音傳播的過程中減弱噪聲
2.近期我國中東部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了霧霾天氣,形成霧霾的主要污染物是PM2.5。PM2.5是指直徑數(shù)值小于等于2.5的懸浮顆粒物,其直徑大約是分子直徑2萬倍,能被肺吸收并進(jìn)入血液,對人體危害很大.根據(jù)描述,PM2.5中“2.5”的單位是( )
A.nm B.μm C.mm D.cm
3.下列現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的過程中,放出熱量的一組是 ( )
(1)春天,冰雪熔化成溪流 (2)夏天,從冰箱里拿出來的飲料罐“出汗”
(3)秋天,清晨的霧在太陽出來后散去 (4)冬天,室外地面上出現(xiàn)了霜
A.(1)、(2) B.(2)、(4) C.(1)、(3) D.(3)、(4)
4. 如圖是某同學(xué)放在水平課桌上的一摞書,下列關(guān)于取書的說法中正確的是( )
A.緩慢將甲書水平抽出需要的力大于緩慢將乙書水平取出需要的力
B.緩慢將甲書水平抽出需要的力等于緩慢將乙書水平取出需要的力
C.非常迅速地將甲書或乙書水平抽取出,它們上面的書都會倒
D.非常迅速地將甲書或乙書水平抽取出,它們上面的書都不會倒
5.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中經(jīng)常遇到現(xiàn)象或效果不明顯的問題,我們需要對實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改進(jìn),下列采取的措施不合理的是 ( )
A.在測量紙錐下落的速度時,為了方便時間的測量,選用錐角較大的紙錐
B.在探究平面鏡成像時,為了使棋子的像清晰一些,用手電筒對著棋子照
C.在估測大氣壓值時,為了便于彈簧測力計(jì)的測量,選用較大容積的注射器
D.在探究紅外線的熱效應(yīng)時,為了使溫度計(jì)示數(shù)變化明顯,將玻璃泡涂黑
6.流行歌曲《青花瓷》因其濃濃的復(fù)古中國風(fēng)而頗受廣大歌迷喜愛。曉婷同學(xué)從物理角度解讀歌詞,下列說法錯誤的是 ( )
A.“天青色等煙雨”,雨是水蒸氣遇冷液化形成的
B.“炊煙裊裊升起”,炊煙隨風(fēng)飄動,說明力可以改變物體的運(yùn)動狀態(tài)
C.“月色被打撈起”,水中月是由于光的反射而形成的虛像
D.“冉冉檀香透過窗”,聞到檀香說明分子間存在引力
7.石墨烯又稱單層墨。最近美國研究人員通過引入由多層石墨烯制成的交替散熱通道,解決了在交通信號燈和電動汽車中使用半導(dǎo)體材料散熱的難題。這利用的是石墨烯的 ( )
A.熔點(diǎn)高 B.硬度大
C.導(dǎo)熱性好 D.導(dǎo)電性強(qiáng)
8.在下列實(shí)驗(yàn)或裝置所示的情景中,能量轉(zhuǎn)化情況相同的是 ( )
A.丙和丁 B.甲和丙 C.甲和乙 D.乙和丁
9.如圖所示的家庭照明電路,已知其中一只燈泡的燈頭接線處存在故障.電工師傅為查明故障,在保險絲處接入一只“220V 40 W”的燈泡L0.當(dāng)只閉合開關(guān)S、S1時,燈泡L0和L1都呈暗紅色(比正常發(fā)光狀態(tài)暗得多);當(dāng)只閉合開關(guān)S、S2時,燈泡L0正常發(fā)光,L2不發(fā)光.由此可以確定 ( )
L1燈頭接線處斷路
B.L1燈頭接線處短路
C.L2燈頭接線處斷路
D.L2燈頭接線處短路
10.2012年3月25日,卡梅隆乘坐“深海挑戰(zhàn)者”號深潛器潛入馬里亞納海溝11000m深處.下潛過程中,卡梅隆發(fā)現(xiàn)深潛器發(fā)生越來越明顯的收縮,則深潛器受到的海水壓強(qiáng)和浮力的變化情況是(設(shè)海水密度不變) ( )
壓強(qiáng)越來越大,浮力越來越小
壓強(qiáng)越來越大,浮力越來越大
C.壓強(qiáng)越來越小,浮力越來越小
D.壓強(qiáng)越來越小,浮力越來越大
11.如圖所示是一手壓電筒,按壓手柄,塑料齒輪帶動線圈內(nèi)磁性飛輪高速旋轉(zhuǎn),使燈泡發(fā)光。下列四圖中與這一過程的工作原理相同的是 ( )
12.圖甲是某生產(chǎn)流水線上 的產(chǎn)品輸送及計(jì)數(shù)裝置示意圖。其中S為激光源,Rl為光敏電阻(有光照射時,阻值較小;無光照射時,阻值較大),R2為定值保護(hù)電阻, a、b間接“示波器”(示波器的接入對電路無影響)。水平傳送帶勻速前進(jìn),每當(dāng)傳送帶上的產(chǎn)品通過S與Rl之間時,射向光敏電阻的光線會被產(chǎn)品擋住。若傳送帶上的產(chǎn)品為均勻正方體,示波器顯示的電壓隨時間變化的關(guān)系如圖乙所示。己知計(jì)數(shù)器電路中電源兩極間的電壓恒為6V,保護(hù)電阻的阻值為400Ω。則 ( )
A. 每1 h通過S與Rl之間的產(chǎn)品個數(shù)為6000個
B. 有光照射和無光照射時保護(hù)電阻R2兩端的電壓之比為1:2
C. 有光照射和無光照射時光敏電阻的阻值之比為1:2
D. 有光照射時光敏電阻Rl的阻值為800Ω
二、填空題(本題共10小題,共24分.)
13.(1)如圖a所示,如圖所示的電壓表的示數(shù)為 ▲ V;
(2)如圖b所示,溫度計(jì)的示數(shù)是 ▲ ℃。
14.人們常用的鑷子是一種杠桿。如右圖所示,用鑷子夾取物體時,手壓在B處,則支點(diǎn)在 ▲ 處,它是 ▲ 杠桿(選填“省力”、“費(fèi)力”或“等臂”)。
15.小轎車為保護(hù)司機(jī)安全都安裝有安全氣囊系統(tǒng),如圖所示,這套系統(tǒng)在汽車突然減速情況下會自動充氣彈出,司機(jī)由于具有 ▲ 將直接撞在氣囊上,氣囊能
▲ (選填“增大”或“減小”) 對司機(jī)的壓強(qiáng),不會造成人體傷害。
16.在探究某種物質(zhì)的熔化規(guī)律時,小剛記錄的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)如表所示,請回答下列問題。
加熱時間/min
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
物質(zhì)的溫度/℃
40
42
44
46
48
48
48
48
48
50
53
56
(1)根據(jù)表中的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)可以判斷該物質(zhì)是 ▲ ;(選填“晶體”或“非晶體”)
(2)該物質(zhì)的溫度達(dá)到42℃時,其狀態(tài)是 ▲ 。
17.媽媽騎車送小明上學(xué),媽媽叫小明“坐好別動”,是以 ▲ 為參照物,若以小明為參照物,路旁的樹是 ▲ (填“運(yùn)動”或“靜止”)的。
18.在測小石塊的密度的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,小明先用天平測小石塊的質(zhì)量(如圖甲所示),小石的質(zhì)量是 ▲ g,再用量筒測小石塊的體積(如圖乙所示),測小石塊的密度ρ1=
▲ kg/m3;小麗做實(shí)驗(yàn)時,先用量筒測小石塊的體積,再用天平測小石塊的質(zhì)量,測得的小石塊的密度為ρ2,則ρ2 ▲ ρ1(“>”、“<”、“=”)。
19.如圖所示,配備噴氣背包的“火箭人”在新西蘭上空大約1.5km的地方翱翔。噴氣背包向下快速噴氣,使人騰空而起,說明力的作用是 ▲ 的。若不考慮空氣阻力的作用,要使“火箭人”保持勻速飛行,背包噴出氣體的方向應(yīng)該是 ▲ 。
20.探究凸透鏡成像規(guī)律:(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)了如圖所示的情形,要使像成在光屏的中央,應(yīng)將光屏向 ▲ (上/下)調(diào)整。
(2)已知凸透鏡焦距為10cm,將燭焰放在距離凸透鏡25cm處,調(diào)節(jié)光屏可得到倒立、 ▲ (放大/縮小/等大)的實(shí)像,應(yīng)用這個原理工作的儀器有 ▲
(照相機(jī)/投影儀/放大鏡)。
21.如圖是探究“物體動能的大小與哪些因素有關(guān)”的裝置。讓同一小車從斜面上不同的高度由靜止開始運(yùn)動,碰到同一位置的相同木塊上。目的是探究小車動能的大小與 ▲ 的關(guān)系;若小車推動木塊移動的距離越大,說明小車對木塊 ▲ 越多,從而判斷小車的動能越大;若水平面絕對光滑,按上述方案本實(shí)驗(yàn)將 ▲ (能/不能)達(dá)到探究目的。
22.小明應(yīng)用如圖甲所示的電路“探究定 值電阻R0的發(fā)熱功率P0、滑動變阻器R消耗的電功率PR和電源總功率PU隨電流I變化的關(guān)系”,將得到的數(shù)據(jù)繪成a、b、c三條圖線畫在了同一坐標(biāo)系中,如圖乙所示,b圖線表示定值電阻R0的發(fā)熱功率P0隨電流I變化的關(guān)系,則表示“電源總功率PU隨電流I變化的關(guān)系”圖線是 ▲ 。如電源電壓U保持不變,則由圖象可知:電源電壓U為 ▲ V,定值電阻R0的阻值為 ▲ Ω。
三、解答題(本題共5小題,共32分.)
23.(4分)(1)如圖一束光線射到平面鏡上,其反射光線與平面鏡的夾角是300,如圖所示,請畫出入射光線并標(biāo)出入射角大小。
(2)如圖是靜止在水平地面上的拉桿旅行箱的示意圖,O是輪子的轉(zhuǎn)軸,O’是箱體的重心。以O(shè)為支點(diǎn),畫出力F的力臂和箱體所受重力的示意圖。
24.(7分)以下是小明同學(xué)探究“滑輪組的機(jī)械效率跟所提升物重是否有關(guān)?”的部分過程,請幫助他完成下列填空。
·設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)
實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模罕容^同一滑輪組在提升不同重物情況下的機(jī)械效率。
(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)原理:η= ▲ 。
(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)器材:滑輪組一套、輕重不同的兩物塊、刻度尺、 ▲ 、鐵架臺、細(xì)線。
·進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)并收集數(shù)據(jù)
(3)用同一滑輪組先后提升不同重物,相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集在下面的表格中,請將表格數(shù)據(jù)補(bǔ)充完整。
實(shí)驗(yàn)序號
鉤碼重/N
鉤碼上升的高度/m
繩端的拉力/N
繩端移動的距離/m
機(jī)械效率/%

4
0.1
1.8
0.3
74.1

6
0.1
2.4
0.3

·分析與論證
分析上表中的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出:
(4)同一滑輪組的機(jī)械效率 ▲ 恒定的(填“是”或“不是”)。
(5)滑輪組的機(jī)械效率 ▲ l(填“大于”、等于”或“小于”)。
·評估與拓展
(6)小明同學(xué)使用滑輪組提升重物時,測力計(jì)的示數(shù)一會兒大,一會兒小,弄得小明同學(xué)一時不知該何時讀數(shù),你認(rèn)為他在測量中應(yīng)該在 ▲ 時讀數(shù)。
(7)提升相同重物時,增加動滑輪的個數(shù),滑輪組的機(jī)械效率將 ▲ (選填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”)。
25.(7分)為了探究影響電熱的因素,小偉設(shè)計(jì)了如圖所示電路,燒瓶中盛有質(zhì)量、初溫均相等的煤油,R2>R1。
(1)除了溫度計(jì)外,還需要的測量工具是 ▲ 。實(shí)驗(yàn)中煤油吸熱的多少是通過 ▲ 來反映的(選填“溫度計(jì)升高的示數(shù)”或“加熱時間”)。
(2)為了在較短的時間內(nèi)達(dá)到明顯的實(shí)驗(yàn)效果,小明選用煤油而不用水做實(shí)驗(yàn),是 因?yàn)槊河途哂? ▲ 的特點(diǎn)。
(3)通電一定時間后,乙瓶中的溫度計(jì)示數(shù)升的快,由此得出的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論是
▲ 。
(4)若要在上面的電路中繼續(xù)探究電熱與電流的關(guān)系,你接下來的操作是
▲ ,比較 ▲ 。
(5)本裝置還可探究“影響電流做功多少的因素”,這是因?yàn)? ▲ 。
26.(7分)(1)如圖所示,小明將一枚硬幣放在碗的底部,眼睛在A處恰好看不到它,這是因?yàn)楣獾? ▲ 現(xiàn)象。沿碗壁緩緩向碗中加水,小明在A處又看到硬幣,這是利用了光的 ▲ 現(xiàn)象,此時小明看到的是硬幣的 ▲ (選填“虛”或“實(shí)”)像。
(2)如圖所示,在水平桌面上放置一個硬幣并沿箭頭所示方向吹氣,發(fā)現(xiàn)有幾次“硬幣起飛”了,小明思考產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因:通過硬幣上部空氣流速大,壓強(qiáng) ▲ ;而硬幣下面沒有氣流通過,下方氣壓始終是p0,從而產(chǎn)生壓力差,給硬幣一個向上的動力。
(3)“硬幣起飛”的條件是什么呢?查尋規(guī)律:在地面附近同一高度或高度差不顯著的情況下,空氣流速v與壓強(qiáng)p的關(guān)系可表示為1/2ρv2+p = p0(其中ρ表示空氣密度,p0是常數(shù),表示沒有氣流時的環(huán)境氣壓)。本研究需要知道硬幣的質(zhì)量m(或重力G)和硬幣上(或下)表面面積S。
(4)小明同學(xué)用如圖所示的方法測定硬幣表面面積,圖中刻度尺的示數(shù)為 ▲ cm ,由此測得硬幣的直徑,算出硬幣的表面積S。
(5)先利用天平稱出多個硬幣的總質(zhì)量,然后計(jì)算出單個硬幣的質(zhì)量。(4)(5)兩次實(shí)驗(yàn)中用了同一種方法測物理量,這樣做的目的是 ▲ 。
(6)請導(dǎo)出剛好將硬幣吹起時吹氣速度v的表達(dá)式 v=_____▲ ____(用ρ、S、m表示)。
27.(7分)圖甲是小夢家豆?jié){機(jī)的工作原理圖,其中電動機(jī)是用來帶動刀頭將原料進(jìn)行粉碎打漿的,額定功率是200W.R是加熱電阻,額定功率是1100W.圖中乙、丙是此豆?jié){機(jī)做一次豆?jié){時的工作信息.小夢媽媽向豆?jié){機(jī)中加入黃豆和清水共1.5kg,求:
(1)豆?jié){機(jī)的加熱電阻是多少?
(2)從第6min至第9min,豆?jié){吸收的熱量是多少?加熱效率是多少?[c豆?jié){=4.0×103J/(kg·℃)](3)豆?jié){機(jī)正常工作做一次豆?jié){,總共消耗的電能是多少?

25、(1) 秒表 、 溫度計(jì)升高的示數(shù)
(2) 比熱容小
(3) 當(dāng)電流和通電時間相同時,電阻越大,產(chǎn)生的熱量越大
(4) 移動滑片改變電流大小
相同通電時間內(nèi)甲(或乙)瓶中溫度計(jì)升高的示數(shù)
(5) 電流做功所消耗的電能全部轉(zhuǎn)化為內(nèi)能
26、(1) 直線傳播 、 折射 、 虛
(2) 小 (4) 7.40 cm
(5) 減小測量誤差
濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)英語試題
注意事項(xiàng):1、答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考試號和班級寫在答題卡和答題卷上。
2、本試卷滿分110分,考試時間110分鐘。
第I卷 (客觀題 共70分)
一、聽力測試(本大題共20分,每小題1分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題)
聽下面10段短對話,每段對話后有一個小題,從題中A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀兩遍。
聽第1至10段材料,回答第1至10題。
5. What does the man do?
A. A detective. B. A salesman. C. A student.
6. How many maths problems has Rose finished?
A. Two . B. Ten. C. Eight.
7. Where is the man going?
A. To the market. B. To the office. C. To the park.
8. What does Mr Zhang think of Miss Yang?
A. She walks too fast.
B. She walks very slowly.
C. She can’t walk any further.
9. How much did Mrs Green pay for the shirt?
A. 20 yuan. B. 40 yuan. C. 60 yuan.
10. What can we learn from the talk?
A. Bob didn’t watch the game.
B. Bob lost the game.
C. Bob works hard.
第二節(jié)(共10小題)
聽下面3段長對話和短文,每段對話和短文后有幾個小題,從題中A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話和短文前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘,聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話和短文讀兩遍。
聽第11段材料,回答第11、12題。
11. How long has the man had the computer?
A. Two days. B. One day. C. Two weeks.
12. How soon can the computer be repaired?
A. At least two days. B. At least two weeks. C. At least a year.
聽第12段材料,回答第13至15題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案,完成信息記錄表。
Why is hiking popular?
Reason 1
healthy and relaxing
good exercise without ______ (13)
Reason 2
simple and cheap
what you need to do: wear a pair of ______ (14) and a smile on your face
Reason 3
can help you get away from your ______ (15)
can make you energetic and confident
13. A. running B. jumping C. hurting
14. A. glasses B. boots C. trousers
15. A. daily life B. strange mood C. bad habits
聽第13段材料,回答第16至20題。
16. How will most thieves save themselves when they are in trouble?
A. Running away. B. Killing people. C. Making up stories.
17. What was the man trying to take away?
A. A camera. B. A necklace. C. A gold ring.
18. At first what did the owner want to do when he caught the thief?
A. To call the police.
B. To throw him out of the shop.
C. To kill him.
19. Do you think the thief really wanted to buy the beautiful thing?
A. Yes, because his wife liked it a lot.
B. Yes, but he only wanted a cheaper one.
C. No, he just made an excuse.
20. What do you think the shop owner would feel when the thief asked for something cheaper?
A. He would feel very angry and would like to send him to the police station.
B. He would feel sorry and went to get a cheaper one for him.
C. He would feel worried because he didn’t have anything cheaper.
二、單項(xiàng)填空 在A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(本大題共14分,每小題1分)
21. ---Is Mr. Xi Jinping _______ honest and capable man?
---Yes. And that is why he was chosen to be _______ president of our country.
A. a; a
B. an; the
C. the; the
D. a; /
22. Peter tried on three jackets, but _______ of them fitted him.
A. all
B. none
C. both
D. neither
23. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _______ for a wedding in some countries.
A. way
B. situation
C. choice
D. chance
24. ---The man in a black suit _______ be our youth worker.
--- I’m sure it _______ be him. I saw him in the laboratory building some minutes ago.
A. must; can’t
B. can; mustn’t
C. can; could
D. must; won’t
25. He realized his mistakes and took action to reduce the loss _______ it was too late.
A. until
B. when
C. before
D. as
26. What did you do _______ the little girl _______ her parents just now?
A. reminded; of
B. reminded; about
C. to remind; about
D. to remind; of
27. ---Will you go with us for an outing on Saturday?
--- I’d like to, but I am really busy these days. I can’t _______ a whole weekend.
A. afford
B. offer
C. share
D. spend
28. Your opinion is considered to be _______ great value _______him.
A. of; for
B. in; of
C. of; to
D. /; to
29. ---Mike seldom has breakfast at home, _______?
--- _______ this morning.
A. does he; No, but he did
B. does he; No, he hasn’t
C. has he; Yes, he has
D. hasn’t he; Yes, he doesn’t
30. ---Where have you _______ all day?
--- I came back at noon and I _______ in this office since then.
A. been in; had been
B. been in; was
C. been; have been
D. been; am
31. ---Do you know _______?
---At the end of July.
A. how soon is your sister coming back home
B. how often Nancy hears from her pen friend
C. when the London Olympic Games were held
D. when will the new computer game come out
32. ---Is that 120? A man is seriously hurt near the railway station.
--- OK. Help is _______.
A. in the way
B. by the way
C. on the way
D. all the way
33. ---Excuse me, Sir. But smoking is not allowed here.
---Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll _______ my cigarette at once.
A. put out
B. put away
C. put up
D. put off
34. Thank you so much for the book you sent me. _______.
A. No, thanks.
B. I’m glad you like it
C. Please don’t say so
D. No, it’s not so good
三、完形填空 先通讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后從下面四個答案中選擇可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳答案。(本大題共10分,每小題1分)
She is a beautiful red-haired girl. She has been shopping with her Mom in Wal-Mart. It was 35 outside. We all stood there under the 36 , just outside the door.
Her voice was so sweet that it 37 the dull (沉悶的) surroundings (環(huán)境). “Mom, let’s run through the rain,” she said.
“What?” Mom asked.
“Let’s run through the rain!” she repeated.
“No, honey. We’ll wait 38 it slows down a bit,” Mom replied.
This young child waited about another 39 and repeated: “Mom, let’s run through the rain.”
“We’ll get wet if we do,” Mom said.
“No, we won’t, Mom. That’s not what you said this morning,” the young girl said as she 40 her Mom’s arm.
“This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?”
“Don’t you remember? When you were 41 to Daddy about his cancer, you said, ‘If God can get us through this, he can get us through 42 !”
The crowd became 43 . Nothing could be heard but the rain. No one came or left in the next few minutes.
Mom thought for a moment about what she would say. “Honey, you are right. Let’s run through the rain. If we get wet, maybe we’ll just need to get a wash.” Mom said.
Then off they ran. People all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they rushed past the cars and through the puddles(水坑). They held their shopping bags over their heads. They got wet through. But they were 44 by a few who laughed like children all the way to their cars.
People can take away your money and health. But no one can ever take away your memories… So don’t forget to make time to make memories every day.
35. A. blowing
B. pouring
C. falling
D. raising
36. A. shelter
B. tent
C. curtain
D. window
37. A. filled
B. covered
C. matched
D. broke
38. A. unless
B. until
C. if
D. when
39. A. time
B. second
C. minute
D. hour
40. A. pulled
B. raised
C. bent
D. moved
41. A. complaining
B. lying
C. reporting
D. talking
42. A. that
B. something
C. anything
D. nothing
43. A. sad
B. nervous
C. silent
D. worried
44. A. led
B. followed
C. rushed
D. sent
四、閱讀理解 閱讀下面的短文,然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。(本大題共26分,每小題2分)
A
A passenger(乘客) told an air hostess that he needed a cup of water to take his medicine when the plane just took off. She said to him that she would bring him the water in ten minutes.?
The air hostess was kept so busy that she forgot to give him the water. As a result, the passenger was held up to take his medicine. Thirty minutes later, when the passenger’s ring for service sounded, the air hostess hurried over to him with a cup of water, but he refused it.
In the following hours on the plane, each time the air hostess passed the passenger, she would ask him with a smile whether he needed help or not. But the passenger never replied to her.
When the passenger was going to get off the plane, he asked the air hostess to hand him the passenger’ booklet. She knew that he would write down sharp words about her job,
but with a smile she handed it to him.
Off the plane, the air hostess opened the booklet, and smiled because the passenger wrote, “On the flight, you asked me whether I needed help or not for twelve times in all. How can I refuse your twelve sincere smiles?”
45. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to the________.
A. medicine B. water C. cup D. booklet
46. At the end of the story, we know the passenger was ________ with the air hostess.
A. pleased B. unhappy C. angry D. bored??????
B
For the 17 years my life was very happy. Then the first sad thing happened. My mother became very ill. Just before she died, she asked Elizabeth and me to go to her room. She said, “Victor and Elizabeth, I’m very happy because you love each other, and because one day you’ll get married. Everyone in the family loves you, Elizabeth. Will you take my place in the family, my dear? I can die happy if you look after them when I have gone.”
My mother died and we were very sad, because we loved her so much. Elizabeth was brave and helped us; her sweet smile gave us some happiness in the unhappy days after my mother’s death. The time came for me to go to university(大學(xué)). I didn’t want to leave my sad family, but we all knew that I should go. It was hard to leave, too, because the parents of my good friend Henry would not let him go to university with me. So I had gone alone.
On my first day at university I met Professor Waldman. He gave a wonderful talk to all the students. He ended his talk by saying, “Some of you will become the greatest scientists of tomorrow. You must study hard and discover everything that you can.”
After the professor’s talk, I thought very carefully. I remembered the storm when I was 15; I remembered how the lightning had destroyed the tree. From then on, I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life. I decided to work on these two things.
I started to work the next day. I worked very hard and soon Professor Waldman and I realized that I could learn to be a very good scientist.
The professor and other important scientists helped me. I was interested in my work and I did not take one day’s holiday during the next two years. After two years, I had discovered many things and I built a scientific machine that was the best in the university. My machine would help me answer the most important question of all. How does life begin? Is it possible to put life into dead things? To answer these questions about life I had to learn first about death. I had to watch bodies from the moment when they died and the warm life left them. In the hospital and in the university, I watched the dying and the dead. Day after day, month after month, I followed death, so it was a dark and terrible time.
I built a tall mast(桅桿)about 150 metres high, which is higher than the tallest building in the city, to catch lightning and send the electricity down to my machine in the lab. I believed I could use that electricity to give life to things that were dead.
Then one day, the answer came to me. Suddenly I was sure that I knew the secret of life.
47. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Elizabeth married shortly after Victor’s mother died.
B. Elizabeth was a brave girl who loved Victor and gave him much help.
C. Victor’s mother was very angry when she knew he loved Elizabeth.
D. Victor did not want to leave his family because his mother died not long before.
48. Victor did all the following during his research in the university EXCEPT that?______.
A. he discovered many things and built a scientific machine
B. he learnt much about death both in the hospital and in the university
C. he worked hard and took only one day’s holiday during the next two years
D. he built a tall mast to catch lightning and send the electricity down to the lab
49. According to the writer, the secret of life is to _______.
A. give life to things that were dead
B. build the best machine to learn about death
C. use electricity to help others
D. become the greatest scientist of tomorrow
50. Which is the correct order about the life of Victor?
① Victor’s mother passed away.
② Victor got help from the professor and other scientists.
③ Victor went to university and attended the professor’s talk.
④ Victor found the answer to giving life to things that were dead.
⑤ Victor experienced a storm, seeing the lightning destroying the tree.
A. ①②③④⑤
B. ⑤①②④③
C. ①③②⑤④
D. ⑤①③②④
C
A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(確保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物學(xué)上)these sleepyhead(貪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
  “Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent?(青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
  Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
  Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.
  Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
  All of this makes the transfer(遷移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
51. Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning
because _______.
A. it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime
  B. it is biologically difficult for students to rise early
  C. students work so late at night that they can’t get up early
  D. students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early
52. The underlined phrase nod off most probably means _______.
A. turn around
B. agree with others
C. fall asleep
D. refuse to work
53. What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?
  A. Adolescents depend more on their parents.
  B. Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.
  C. Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.
  D. Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.
54. What is the test mainly about?
A. Adolescent health care.?
B. Problems in adolescent learning.
C. Adolescent sleep difficulties.?
D. Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.
D
Parents are a child’s first teachers. But some parents never learned from good examples. In New York City, Covenant House tries to help homeless young mothers become good parents.
The twelve or so teenagers who live at the shelter attend parenting classes four days a week. The class is called Mommy and Me.
Teacher Delores Clemens is a mother of five and a grandmother. She teaches basic skills, like how to give a baby a bath and how to dress a baby in different seasons.
She remembers one student who learned from her mother not to pick up a crying baby. The mother said that would only make the child needy.
“I said ‘That’s not true. You have to hold your baby! He is crying for a reason. If you never pick him up, he’s going to keep crying. Pick your baby up. Hug(擁抱)him! And she started to do that. They just want a little hugging and a little love. And it works!” Delores Clemens said.
Delores Clemens says her students also learn how to be good mothers by letting themselves be mothered. “I’m doing something for them that never has been done for them before.”
In class, with her baby son, is Natasha. She lived on the streets. She is glad not only for the warmth and shelter of Covenant House. As she told reporter Adam Phillips, she is also glad for the help they offer in looking for a safer life.
“Did you go to high school?”
“Yes.”
“Did you graduate?”
“No, I didn’t. I was in my last year and then, I got pregnant(懷孕)and I got lazy.”
“You look like you are willing to accept responsibility(責(zé)任)for that.”
“Yes, I am, and I?would like?to finish.”
Some teenage mothers wish they themselves could be children again. 18-year-old Placida knows that feeling. “Because you have to get up every two hours in the middle of the night, and you can’t go out and say ‘I am going to buy this for myself.’ No. I have to buy pampers, clothes and food. So now it’s two. So it’s very hard.” Placida said.
55. What did Natasha want to finish high school for?
A. To bring her high school life to an end.
B. To accept the responsibility to look after her baby.
C. To stop the chatting with Adam.
D. To end the relationship with her boyfriend.
56. From what Placida said, we know that she thinks _______.
A. looking after a baby needs love?
B. having a baby costs more
C. being a mom is hard
D. loving comes from responsibility
57. The passage is mainly about _______.
A. a class where teen parents are looked after
B. a class where parents are teaching their children
C. a class where homeless mothers learn to find a job
D. a class where teens learn mothering and are mothered
第II卷(主觀題 共40分)
五、單詞拼寫(本大題共8分,每小題1分)
(A) 根據(jù)句意和漢語注釋,寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. _______ (污染) air does harm to our health. It’s necessary to keep the air fresh and clean.
2. Our success was far _______ (超過) what we thought possible.
3. This kind of disease _______ (傳播) so quickly that it drew the government’s attention.
4. The man kept remembering English words every day until he was in his _______ (四十).
(B) 根據(jù)句意,用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
5. ---How is your business going? --- It couldn’t be _______ (bad).
6. Each of us _______ (breath) heavily after running on the playground every morning.
7. For everyone’s _______ (safe), we should always remember the law against driving after drinking.
8. Such a camera can help spacemen film _______ (they) during the flight.
六、動詞填空 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(本大題共8分,每小題1分)
1. --- Could you tell me how your daughter usually goes to school?
--- Yes. If it is fine, she (ride) to school.
2. Please stop talking, guys. I can’t hear what the youth worker (explain).
3. Have you heard that the famous astronaut (invite) to give a talk on life
in space next Sunday?
4. More effort should be put into ( improve) our English skills.
5. The three boy students Miss White paid special attention to (make) great progress at last.
6. A large number of people (reply) to what the cruel murderer did since the news was covered on TV.
7. It was reported that the plane to London (fly) back to Paris by the time of 2:30 yesterday afternoon because of the rainstorm.
8. He wasn’t sure if he (vote) for the new manager the following week.
七、完成句子 按所給的漢語,用英語完成下列句子。(本大題共9分,每小題1.5分)
1. 就如何處理這件事情,我給他們提了一些建議。
I provided them it.
2. 盡管他是個百萬富翁,但他已把一生都獻(xiàn)給幫助殘疾人。
Although he is a millionaire, the disabled.
3. 我相信機(jī)器人不會對我們的日常生活構(gòu)成很大的不同。
I our everyday life.
4. 我表妹問壓縮食品是否可以儲藏很久。
My cousin asked or not.
5. 雪下得太大了,使得我們沒法去聽音樂會。
The snow was going to the concert.
6. 與小說相比,網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲?qū)ξ覀儗W(xué)生有不良影響。
novels, online games us students.
八、缺詞填空 先通讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給首字母,在空格內(nèi)填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。所填單詞在題后橫線上必須完整寫出。(本大題5分,每格0.5 分)
I think too many people take weight-loss pills without really knowing that they can do
h (1) to their health. I read about a Canadian actress who had to go to h (2) because she took some weight-loss pills. She lost 7 kg in two months. However, in the pills there’s something that c (3) liver (肝臟) failure, so she had to get a new liver. Luckily, a Chinese young man d (4) part of his liver to save her life.
R (5) , my cousin has read about a new weight-loss pill and she really wants to try it. I’ve told her the story of the actress, but she won’t l (6). She’s only 12, but she has become a girl who cares about her figure (體型) and how she looks. She often r (7) to eat. My aunt is worried that my cousin will buy the pills in s (8). She says h (9) is priceless. She thinks that children must eat properly as they are g (10) all the time. I think she is right.
九、書面表達(dá)(本大題共10分)
假如你是班長,學(xué)期結(jié)束時你要給同學(xué)作簡短的評價。你班的李華這個學(xué)期變化很大,請你根據(jù)提示寫一篇簡評。
過去
功課不好,常與同學(xué)爭吵,垃圾被他撒的滿地都是,課桌總是一團(tuán)糟。
現(xiàn)在
自從老師和他溝通后,有了很大變化。(學(xué)習(xí)、與同學(xué)相處、生活……)
結(jié)果
父母、老師對他很滿意。
希望
在即將到來的考試中取得好成績。
注意:
短文須包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),要求語句通順、意思連貫;
括號部分須用3、4句話展開合理想象,作適當(dāng)發(fā)揮;
詞數(shù)80個左右,短文開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
3. I don’t believe robots will make a great difference to our everyday life.
4. My cousin asked whether dried food could be stored for a long time or not.
5. The snow was so heavy that it stopped us (from) going to the concert.
6. Compared with novels, online games have a bad effect on us students.
八、缺詞填空
1. harm 2. hospital 3. causes 4. donated 5. Recently
6. listen 7. refuses 8. secret 9. health 10. growing
九、書面表達(dá)
Li Hua has improved a lot this term. In the past he didn’t do well in his subjects. He often quarreled with his classmates. Rubbish was spread all over the floor by him. His desk was always in a mess. He has changed a lot since the teacher had communication with him. Now he works hard at his lessons. He gets along well with his classmates. He often sweeps the floor. His parents and teachers are satisfied with him. I hope he will get good grades in the coming exam. (82 words)
初三英語適應(yīng)性練習(xí)2013年3月
第一節(jié)(共10小題)
聽下面10段短對話,每段對話后有一個小題,從題中A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀兩遍。
聽第1至10段材料,回答第1至10題。
M: You just came back from Harbin. Did you have a good time?
W: Yes, I enjoyed myself very much. I learned how to skate on the real ice.
M: Hey, Jenny! You rode to school today? Didn’t your father bring you to school in his car as
usual?
W: No, he went to London on business. And there is no bus stop near my home.
M: I hear your father works in Paris.
W: No. That was five years ago. Since then he’s worked in New York.
4. W: What time is the match?
M: It starts at 4 o’clock. There is only ten minutes left. Be quick.
5. W: Excuse me, I’d like to buy a detective story. Could you show me one?
M: Yes. This one is the most popular, I think.
6. M: Have you finished all the ten maths problems, Rose?
W: I’ve finished them all except No.3 and No. 9.
7. M: Is it the right bus to Xihui Park?
W: No, it’s No.10 Bus. You have to get off at the next stop and take No.15 Bus.
8. M: Couldn’t you walk any faster, Miss Yang?
W: This is the fastest I have ever walked, Mr Zhang.
9. M: I bought this shirt at a sale. I paid only 60 yuan for it. How do you like it?
W: It’s very good and fits you, but Mrs Green bought the same thing for two-thirds of the price.
10. W:?Bob didn’t work as well as before.
M:?Yes. He kept on thinking about the game he had lost.
第二節(jié)(共10小題)
聽下面3段長對話和短文,每段對話和短文后有幾個小題,從題中A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話和短文前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘,聽完后,每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話和短文讀兩遍。
聽第11段材料,回答第11、12題。
W: Good afternoon. Can I help you?
M: Yes, please. I bought this computer the day before yesterday.
But there is something wrong with it. Last night it just couldn’t work. I can't use it now.
W: Let me see. It seems that it hasn’t been used in the right way.
Maybe I have to send it back to the factory and have it repaired.
M: OK. How long do I have to wait before I can get it repaired?
W: At least two weeks, I think.
聽第12段材料,回答第13至15題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案,完成信息記錄表。
Today more and more people like to go hiking. Why is hiking becoming popular?
Firstly, hiking is not only a healthy but also a relaxing activity. It’s good exercise that doesn’t hurt your body.
Secondly, it’s simple and cheap to go hiking. All you need to do is to wear a pair of hiking boots and a smile on your face.
Thirdly, hiking is the best way to get away from your everyday life. You can hike alone or go with your friends. After hiking, you’ll have a clear mind and then return to work with confidence
濱湖中學(xué)2013屆九年級適應(yīng)性練習(xí)語文試題
一、積累與運(yùn)用(共15分)
1.下列各組詞語中讀音和書寫有錯誤的一項(xiàng)是(3分)( )
A.鍥(qiè)而不舍 挑釁(xìn) B.中流砥(dǐ)柱 愚氓(méng)
C.不屑質(zhì)(zhì)辯 自詡(yǔ) D.潛(qián)移默化 歉疚(jiù)
2.下列句子中加點(diǎn)的成語使用不正確的一項(xiàng)是(2分)( )
A.《傅雷家書》是經(jīng)典的教子之作,有人模仿這種書信體,寫出的文章卻味同嚼蠟,沒有深意。
B.在這次演講比賽中,來自基層單位的選手個個表現(xiàn)出色,他們口若懸河,巧舌如簧,給大家留下了深刻印象。
C.人類的智慧與大自然的智慧相比實(shí)在是相形見絀。
D.湖北省宜都市第一中學(xué)校長周樸華拋出一個大膽的建議:取消高考考試大綱。他認(rèn)為,這個考試大綱禍害不淺,直接導(dǎo)致中學(xué)教育的急功近利之風(fēng)。
3.對下面文段中加點(diǎn)詞的解釋有錯誤的一項(xiàng)是(3分)( )
萬鐘則不辯禮義而受之,萬鐘于我何加焉?為宮室之美,妻妾之奉,所識窮乏者得我與?
A.萬鐘:豐厚的俸祿 B.辯:同“辨”辨別
C.加:好處 D.得:得到
4.下列句子中沒有語病的一項(xiàng)是(2分)( )
? A.近視患者都應(yīng)當(dāng)接受專業(yè)醫(yī)師的檢查,選擇合適的眼鏡,切忌不要因?yàn)榕侣闊燮炼淮餮坨R。
B.本市國稅局繪制出“稅源分布示意略圖”,解決了稅源管理轄區(qū)劃分不清、爭議扯皮等問題的發(fā)生。
C.為加強(qiáng)國際交流,提高山東環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)水平,省政府?dāng)M舉辦“生態(tài)山東建設(shè)高層論壇”暨第五屆環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)博覽會。
D.在經(jīng)典誦讀比賽的舞臺上,動情的朗誦和變幻的舞臺背景讓人目不暇接。
5.依次填入下列橫線處的詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是(2分)( )
①春天的腳步近了,大草原上的冰雪漸漸 成了朵朵白色的“大蘑菇”,煞是壯觀。
②人與人之間要減少誤會,化解矛盾,和諧相處,那么加強(qiáng)彼此 是非常重要的。
③每天天還沒亮,位于城郊的農(nóng)貿(mào)批發(fā)市場 起來,人們又開始了一天的勞作。
A.融化 溝通 喧鬧 B.溶化 勾通 喧鬧
C.融化 勾通 喧嘩 D.溶化 溝通 喧嘩
6.下面這段話,作者主要闡明的觀點(diǎn)是(3分)( )
一個人的墮落往往經(jīng)過長期而緩慢的過程,在這過程中,家長和教師完全可以通過種種征兆覺察出來并及時采取措施,為身遭災(zāi)禍的孩子提供必要的幫助。如果你覺得孩子開始顯得心不在焉,似乎只是本能表面地參加家庭生活時,你必須睜大眼睛,刨根問底。
A.一個人的墮落是長期的過程。
B.家長應(yīng)該給孩子幫助。
C.家長和教師應(yīng)及時覺察孩子的反常行為,及時給以幫助,以免孩子墮落。
D.家長和教師應(yīng)該相互合作,發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的問題。
二、閱讀與賞析(共49分)
(一)(12分)
郭浩字充道,德順軍隴干人。徽宗時,嘗率百騎抵靈州城下,夏人以千騎追之,浩手?jǐn)囟T,以首還。從種師道進(jìn)筑茸平砦,敵據(jù)塞水源,以渴我?guī)煟坡示T數(shù)百奪之。敵攻石尖山,浩冒陣而前,流失中左肋,怒不拔,奮力大呼,得賊乃已;諸軍從之,敵遁去,由是知名。累遷中州刺史。欽宗即位,以種師道薦,召對,奏言:“金人暴露,日久思?xì)w。乞給輕兵間道馳滑臺,時其半度,可擊也。”會和戰(zhàn)異議,不能用。帝問西事,浩曰:“臣在任已聞警,慮夏人必乘間盜邊,愿選將設(shè)備。”已而果攻涇原路,取西安州、懷德軍。紹圣開拓之地,復(fù)盡失之。建炎元年,知原州。二年,金人取長安,涇州守臣夏大節(jié)棄城遁,郡人亦降。浩適夜半至郡,所將才二百人,得金人,使之還,曰:“為語汝將曰,我郭浩也,欲戰(zhàn)即來決戰(zhàn)。”金人遂引去。紹興元年,金人破饒風(fēng)嶺,盜梁、洋,入鳳州,攻和尚原。浩適與吳璘往援,斬獲萬計(jì)。遷邠州觀察使,徙知興元府。饑民相聚米倉山為亂,浩討平之。徙知利州。金人以步騎十余萬破和尚原,進(jìn)窺川口,抵殺金平,浩與吳玠大破之。遷彰武軍承宣使。玠按本路提點(diǎn)刑獄宋萬年陰與敵境通,利所鞫①不同,由是與浩意不協(xié),朝廷乃徙浩知金州兼永興軍路經(jīng)略使。金州殘弊特甚,戶口無幾,浩招輯流亡,開營田,以其規(guī)置頒示諸路。他軍以匱急仰給朝廷,浩獨(dú)積贏錢十萬緡②以助戶部,朝廷嘉之,凡有奏請,得以直達(dá)。九年,改金、洋、房州節(jié)制。十四年,召見,拜檢校少保。十五年,卒,年五十九。
(節(jié)選自《宋史 郭浩傳》)
【注】①鞫(jú):審訊。 ②緡(mín):穿銅錢的繩子。
7.下列句子中的“以”與“以種師道薦”中的“以”的意義和用法相同的一項(xiàng)是(2分)(   )
A.策之不以其道 B.扶蘇以數(shù)諫故
C.以塞忠諫之路也 D.可以一戰(zhàn)
8.下列對原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是(2分)( )
A.郭浩有膽有勇,屢立戰(zhàn)功。徽宗時,他抗擊夏人曾以少敵多,帶領(lǐng)種師道征戰(zhàn),率領(lǐng)數(shù)百精騎奪回被敵軍占據(jù)的水源,因此直接升為中州刺史。
B.郭浩卓有見識,可惜建議未被采納。欽宗即位后曾召他詢問抗金之策以及西部戰(zhàn)事,他堅(jiān)決主戰(zhàn),提出應(yīng)對之策,而朝廷舉措失當(dāng),國土蒙受損失。
C.紹興年間,金兵屢屢犯宋,郭浩、吳玠兩人連手大敗金兵;吳舉劾宋萬年暗中通敵,郭不同意這一做法,被調(diào)往金州。
D.郭浩治政有方,金州狀況好轉(zhuǎn)。他初到任時,金州極度破敗,百姓流亡,經(jīng)治理后積有余錢資助戶部,受到朝廷嘉勉,并給與奏請可以直達(dá)的優(yōu)遇。
9.解釋下列句子中加點(diǎn)的詞。(4分)
①以渴我?guī)? 渴:        ②時其半度 時:    
③會和戰(zhàn)異議 會:     ④浩與吳玠大破之 破:    
10.翻譯下列句子。(4分)
①諸軍從之,敵遁去,由是知名。(2分)
譯:
②為語汝將曰,我郭浩也,欲戰(zhàn)即來決戰(zhàn)。(2分)
譯:
(二)(4分)
丹陽送韋參軍
嚴(yán)維(唐)
丹陽郭里送行舟,一別心知兩地秋。
日晚江南望江北,寒鴉飛盡水悠悠。
11.閱讀上面的一首詩,回答問題。(4分)
(1)對“一別心知兩地秋”中的“秋”字,你是怎樣理解的?請簡要分析。(2分)
答:
(2)詩歌三、四兩句用了什么表現(xiàn)手法,表達(dá)了詩人怎樣的情感?
答:
(三)(4分)
留住野草,城市才能綠起來
①“綠色城市”應(yīng)指兩方面,一是城市看上去草木蔥綠,二是城市能提供清潔的空氣與干凈的飲水。而這一切都離不開城市綠地要有草本植物的覆蓋。如果草本植物是自然生長起來的天然植被,俗稱“野草”,就能體現(xiàn)出該城市的綠化方式已有了“生態(tài)文明”的概念。
②為什么留住野草有利凈化城市的空氣?這是因?yàn)椋諝庵械膲m顆粒有很大部分來自綠地裸土。而野草大多具有發(fā)達(dá)的根系,它們不必澆水就能生長繁茂,有些因具有耐陰性,在樹下也能存活。所以,只要不拔草,野草的根系能像網(wǎng)一樣將土壤顆粒固定住,綠地就不會揚(yáng)塵了。在德國的許多城市中,野草只能剪短,不能拔除。這一來,馬路上就幾乎沒有塵土了。
③利用野草綠化城市的另一優(yōu)點(diǎn)是管理簡單并且景觀好。對草地的維護(hù)每年只需做幾次修剪。因野草地中的野花能順應(yīng)時節(jié)開放,一年四季使城市綠地呈現(xiàn)不同的色彩,這常常會使人們流連忘返。目前在許多發(fā)達(dá)國家,讓野草綠化城市的做法已廣泛采用。
④利用野草綠化城市還有利于保護(hù)水資源。不必澆灌就能減少綠地耗水。野草根粗而長,能在土壤中鉆出多條通道,下雨時,雨水能順著這些根流入地下,補(bǔ)充地下水。筆者觀察到,下大雨時,長滿野草的綠地中幾乎不見積水,而人工鋪設(shè)的草皮地卻會出現(xiàn)雨水滯留地表的現(xiàn)象。這說明:野草地吸收雨水的能力比草皮地強(qiáng)。
⑤近年來,我國城市增加了樹木的種植量,這本是件好事,但許多新栽的樹木下面都是裸土,這增加了城市揚(yáng)塵。讓樹下土壤不再裸露的簡單方法就是讓野草生長起來。在春、夏、秋三季,只要下雨,野花、野草都能自然生長。有些城市的綠化部門會組織民工拔草,請千萬別再這樣做。
⑥大自然的草地本身就是由野草、野花組成的。當(dāng)城市綠地中能出現(xiàn)自由生長的野花、野草時,這個城市就離“綠色城市”的夢想很近了。 (文/李皓)
12.請結(jié)合全文,概括“利用野草綠化城市”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(2分)
答:
13.文中畫線句子用了什么說明方法?有什么作用?(2分)
答:
(四)(5分)
談自立
①常言說大樹底下好乘涼,然而庇護(hù)在大樹底下的小樹苗是長不成參天大樹的。同樣,人也是如此,不求自立是不會成才的。
②自立對于每個人來說都是非常重要的,一個人只有自立才能有發(fā)展的前途。世界著名的大發(fā)明家愛迪生的自立本領(lǐng)就很強(qiáng)。他十三四歲時為了建造實(shí)驗(yàn)室,常常到車站賣報,同時還在自己的后院里種植蔬菜,收獲時再拿到市場上去賣。他用這些錢為自己建造了一間實(shí)驗(yàn)室,在此基礎(chǔ)上他的發(fā)明也層出不窮。由此可見,自立對一個人的成功多么重要,要想成才,先得自立。
③相反,一個人如果不自立,樣樣都依賴別人,那么他是不會成大器的。球王貝利曾說過這樣一句話:“我能成為球王,而我的兒子是不會成為球王的。”他說的話是有道理的。貝利能成為球王是因?yàn)樗泻軓?qiáng)的自立本領(lǐng),而他的下一代卻在富足的環(huán)境下產(chǎn)生了依賴的心理,缺乏吃苦的精神,這就決定了球王的兒子永遠(yuǎn)成不了球王。
④球王貝利認(rèn)識到了這一點(diǎn),可是,在我們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中庇護(hù)子女的現(xiàn)象卻十分嚴(yán)重。含辛茹苦的家長們?yōu)樽优畟儤訕硬傩模M力為子女們減輕一切負(fù)擔(dān),然而這卻使不少少年養(yǎng)成了過度依賴的壞習(xí)慣。殊不知我們當(dāng)代的少年是跨世紀(jì)的一代,肩負(fù)著歷史的重任。視子如寶的家長們,你們應(yīng)該還自己子女一份自由,讓他們自立,為他們將來建設(shè)祖國打下基礎(chǔ)。 ⑤自立對于每一個人來說都是十分重要的。想成才的青年朋友們,讓我們一起擺脫別人的庇護(hù)去自立吧!
14.本文所闡述的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么?(2分)
答:
15.第②、③自然段主要運(yùn)用了哪兩種論證方法?請簡要分析其特點(diǎn)和作用。(3分)
答:
(五)(14分)
荷葉    韓開春   ①那年,我去宏村,正是深秋季節(jié).順著黃山的皺褶一路前行,層林盡染,草黃楓紅,間雜粉墻黛瓦,古徽州果然氣派非凡。到了村前,首先映入眼簾的是一泓碧水,一條小道筆直穿過湖心,上面有座彎月般的石砌小橋,名叫畫橋。據(jù)說,當(dāng)年李安在此拍攝《臥虎藏龍》,男主人公李慕白就是從這座小橋上牽著他的白馬走過的。
②但是,我的目光卻被湖中那一大片枯萎的殘荷吸引,腦海中瞬間浮現(xiàn)的竟是《紅樓夢》里林黛玉反對賈寶玉拔除破荷葉的理由:“我最不喜歡李義山的詩,只喜他這一句‘留得殘荷聽雨聲’。”恍惚間,我似乎看到了林妹妹那雙對著殘荷發(fā)癡的憂郁的眼睛。在那一刻,我居然有了長留宏村的想法,要是能有機(jī)緣在湖邊的書院住下,在有雨的夜晚,或是撐著一把油紙傘,順著石砌的湖堤漫行,或是隔著石雕的窗欞,臥聽雨打殘荷,該是多么愜意的享受啊!
③其實(shí),我有許多親耳聆聽雨打殘荷的機(jī)會。我讀初中的時候.學(xué)生宿舍的后面就有一大片荷塘,每年蓮藕起出之后,就再也沒人去管它,任由滿塘的荷葉自生自滅。然而我終究只是個俗人,比不得林妹妹那樣冰雪聰明,所以聽雨打殘荷的次數(shù)雖然不少。卻從未聽出過什么詩意。
④與枯萎破敗的殘荷相比,我更加喜歡夏日的新荷,光鮮潔凈,綠意盎然,看上去就很賞心悅目,勃發(fā)著無窮的生機(jī)。中午或是傍晚,會有一些或紅或綠的蜻蜒、豆娘前來參觀, 它們或許是被這荷塘滿目的綠迷住了,繞著圈不停地飛,遲遲不肯離去,飛累了,就在新冒出的小荷尖上歇歇腳;身上穿著黑黃條紋套衫的小青蛙,也從水里冒出頭來,雙腳一蹬,用它那著名的蛙跳,一下子便躍上了荷葉的表面,隨之濺起的一串水滴,滴溜溜地匯聚到荷葉的中心.凝成一顆又圓又亮的大水珠,映著太陽的光輝,像是一顆耀眼的明珠,它們或許是把這一張荷葉當(dāng)成了運(yùn)動場,鼓著大腮幫咕咕呱呱不停地叫,呼朋引伴;還有一些黑脊背的魚,在荷葉撐起的太陽傘下悠閑自在地游來游去,間或舉起大尾巴,在平靜的水面上使勁一擊,發(fā)出“潑刺刺”的一聲響,濺起一朵大水花,旋即一頭扎進(jìn)水底,再也不見了。
⑤這樣的季節(jié),最快樂的自然還是孩子。從第一朵荷花在水面上升、綻開它美麗的笑臉時起,就會不斷有孩子順著塘埂悄悄滑下水去,學(xué)著在水面上那群嬉戲的鴨子的樣子,把鼻子一捏,頭往下一低。便潛入水底,浮上來的時候,手里總會多出一截細(xì)嫩甜香的花香藕,臨了上岸,還不會忘記摘一片荷葉項(xiàng)在頭頂。有時候也玩打水仗游戲,學(xué)著電影里白洋淀民兵打鬼子的模樣.頂著一片荷葉,手里端根樹枝,一只眼閉著,煞有介事地一瞄,手指一勾,嘴里同時發(fā)出“叭”的一聲。
⑥少年的記憶,除了玩耍,大多數(shù)還是和味蕾緊密聯(lián)系在一起,關(guān)于荷葉,也是如此。說到吃,必須提一下荷葉粥,這是我母親夏天常做的。把新鮮的荷葉洗凈,切成細(xì)絲,放點(diǎn)冰糖,和粳米一同煮,做出來的粥青白相間,顏色好看,味道也好。清香撲鼻,有清熱解暑之功效。荷葉還可以包裹食物。我祖父有個習(xí)慣,趕集的時候帶上一張荷葉,或干或鮮,隨季節(jié)改變而有所不同,回來的時候,總會變戲法般從懷里掏出一只荷葉包來,里面包著的有時是幾片鹵豬肉,有時是兩根油條。他用筷子夾起肉丟進(jìn)我的嘴里,果然是跟往常吃到的不同,肉香中夾雜著荷葉的清香。長大后讀明清小說,見到許多關(guān)于市井場景的描寫,我才知道,原來這用荷葉包熟食的舉動并不是我祖父的首創(chuàng)。    (選白《2010散文》,人民文學(xué)出版社,有刪改) 16.文章開頭描寫宏村秋景有什么作用?(4分)
答:
17.作者說自己以前有許多親耳聆聽雨打殘荷的機(jī)會,卻從未聽出過什么詩意,為什么那次在宏村,作者卻被殘荷吸引?請閱讀文章第②③自然段結(jié)合文意回答。(4分)
答:
18.第④自然段劃線句運(yùn)用了什么修辭手法?有怎樣的表達(dá)效果?(3分)
答:
19.結(jié)合文意,分析“我”為什么喜歡夏日的新荷。(3分) 答:
(六)(10分)
20.根據(jù)課文默寫。(10分)
①茍全性命于亂世, 。(《出師表》諸葛亮)
②曲徑通幽處, 。(《題破山寺后禪院》常建)
③ ,柳暗花明又一村。(《游山西村》陸游)
④人生自古誰無死, 。(《過零丁洋》文天祥)
⑤ ,直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。(《行路難》李白)
⑥安得廣廈千萬間, ,風(fēng)雨不動安如山!(《茅屋為秋風(fēng)所破歌》杜甫)
⑦ ;思而不學(xué)則殆。(《論語》八則)
⑧采菊東籬下, 。(《飲酒》陶淵明)
⑨ ,鬢微霜,又何妨!(《江城子 密州出獵》蘇軾)
⑩傷心秦漢經(jīng)行處, 。(《山坡羊 潼關(guān)懷古》張養(yǎng)浩)
三、表達(dá)與交流(共66分)
(一)(6分)
21.閱讀下面的文字,完成題目。(6分)
電視作為一種涉及面廣、影響力大的新聞媒體,其欄目對主持人普通話水平的要求之高是毋庸置疑的。但無錫電視臺、廣播臺等近幾年先后推出“阿福聊齋”、“扯扯老空”等欄目,其主持人以極富親和力的“無錫話”讓這些草根欄目深受廣大觀眾、聽眾尤其是本土觀眾的喜愛和好評,但同時也遭到不少學(xué)者的質(zhì)疑。你如何看待這些“草根”欄目主持人用“無錫話”主持節(jié)目的現(xiàn)象?請就此現(xiàn)象發(fā)表看法。
要求:(1)要有明確的觀點(diǎn);(2)要作簡要的分析;(3)字?jǐn)?shù)在100字左右。


(二)(60分)
22.閱讀下面的文字,根據(jù)要求作文。(60分)
在生活中,每個人都會在不經(jīng)意時錯過一些美好的、珍貴的、受益的東西。它可能是一位好友,一段真情,一片風(fēng)景,一個物件,或者是一句真誠的勸說,一次難得的機(jī)遇,一聲禮貌的道謝……而這一切錯失的背后,應(yīng)該都有一段刻骨銘心的故事與非同尋常的意義。請將你的故事與感悟?qū)懗鰜砼c大家分享。
請以“曾經(jīng)錯過的 ”為題,寫一篇不少于700字的記敘文。
(四)(5分)
14、不求自立是不會成才的。(2分)
15、主要運(yùn)用了舉例論證和正反對比論證。舉了愛迪生自己掙錢建造實(shí)驗(yàn)室的例子和球王貝利的兒子沒有能成為球王的例子,從正反兩個方面全面有力的論證了本文的中心論點(diǎn)。(3分)
(五)(14分)
16、開頭點(diǎn)明季節(jié),描寫了優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景,營造了古雅的意境;(2分)引出下文,為寫荷葉作鋪墊,同時映襯了殘荷之美。(2分)
17、在少年時代“我”的眼里,新荷光鮮潔凈,又能用于游戲,所以“我”喜歡新荷;而枯萎的殘荷,單從外表來看,不能吸引“我”。(2分)后來經(jīng)過文學(xué)作品的熏陶,特別是《紅樓夢》中對殘荷詩意的描寫,加上人生經(jīng)歷更加豐富,“我”逐漸擁有了審美的眼光,因此能夠欣賞雨打殘荷的詩意美。(2分)(能從“人生簡歷”(如文學(xué)作品的熏陶、審美經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累、人物身份或心境的變化等)方面進(jìn)行分析,符合情理、思路清晰均可酌情給分)
18、用了擬人的修辭,生動形象地寫出了蜻蜓、豆娘對夏日新荷的喜愛,從而寫出了夏日新荷的綠意盎然、賞心悅目和無窮的生機(jī)。(3分)
19、①夏日的新荷光鮮潔凈,綠意盎然,生機(jī)勃勃,與水中的生物相映成趣。②夏日的荷葉為孩童在水中的玩耍增加了無限的樂趣。③夏日的荷葉既能食用,又能包裹食物,具有實(shí)用價值。(3分,一點(diǎn)1分)
(六)(10分)
20、①不求聞達(dá)于諸侯 ②禪房花木深
③山重水復(fù)疑無路 ④留取丹心照汗青

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