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陜西省神木中學2012-2013學年高二寒假作業試題

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陜西省神木中學2012-2013學年高二寒假作業試題

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1.下列說法錯誤的是( )
A.需要加熱方能發生的反應一定是吸熱反應
B.放熱的反應在常溫下一定很容易發生
C.反應是放熱還是吸熱必須看反應物和生成物所具有的總能量的相對大小
D.吸熱反應在一定的條件下也能發生
2.下列敘述中正確的是 ( )
A.在稀溶液中1mol酸和1mol堿完全反應所放出的熱量,叫做中和熱
B.在101kPa時1mol物質燃燒時的反應熱叫做該物質的標準燃燒熱
C.熱化學方程式中,各物質前的化學計量數不表示分子個數
D.如果反應物所具有的總能量小于生成物所具有的總能量,則發生的反應是放熱反應。
3.下列反應屬于吸熱反應的是 ( )
A. C6H12O6(葡萄糖aq)+6O2 6CO2+6H2O
B. CH3COOH+KOH CH3COOK+H2O
C. A+BC+D; △H<0
D.破壞生成物全部化學鍵所需能量小于破壞反應物全部化學鍵所需能量
4.相同質量的氫氣、一氧化碳、乙醇、甲烷完全燃燒時,放出熱量最少的是( )
(已知這些物質的燃燒熱分別為-285.8 kJ·mol(1、-283.0 kJ·mol(1、-1366.8kJ·mol(1、-890.3 kJ·mol(1)
A. H2(g) B. CO(g) C. C2H5OH(l) D. CH4(g)
5.在一定條件下,CO和CH4燃燒的熱化學方程式分別為:
2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g), △H= -566kJ·mol(1
CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l), △H= -890kJ·mol(1由1 mol CO和3 mol CH4組成的混和氣在上述條件下完全燃燒時,釋放的熱量為( (
A.2912 kJ B.2953 kJ C.3236 kJ D.3867 kJ
6.在同溫同壓下,下列各組熱化學方程式中,△H2>△H 1的是( (
A.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g), △H 1;2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l), △H2
B.S(g)+O2(g)=SO2(g), △H 1;S(s)+O2(g)=SO2(g), △H2
C.C(s)+O2(g)=CO(g), △H 1;C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g), △H2
D.H2(g)+Cl2(g)=2HCl(g), △H 1;H2(g)+Cl2(g)=HCl(g),△H2
7.已知充分燃燒a g乙炔氣體時生成1mol二氧化碳氣體和液態水,并放出熱量b kJ,則乙炔燃燒的熱化學方程式正確的是( (
A. 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)=4CO2(g)+2H2O(l); ΔH=-2b kJ·mol(1
B. C2H2(g)+5/2O2(g)=2CO2(g)+H2O(l); ΔH=2b kJ·mol(1
C. 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)=4CO2(g)+2H2O(l); ΔH=-4b kJ·mol(1
D. 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)=4CO2(g)+2H2O(l); ΔH=b kJ·mol(1
8.分析右面的能量變化示意圖,下列熱化學方程式正確的是( )
A.2A(g)+ B(g)=2C(g);△H=a(a>0)
B.2A(g)+ B(g)=2C(g);△H=a(a<0)
C.2A + B=2 C;△H=a(a<0)
D.2C=2A +B;△H=a(a>0)
9.已知25℃、101kPa下,石墨、金剛石燃燒的熱化學方程式分別為: C(石墨) + O2(g)=CO2(g);△H=-393.51kJ ·mol-1 C(金剛石) + O2(g)= CO2(g);△H=-395.41kJ ·mol-1
據此判斷,下列說法中正確的是( ) A.由石墨制備金剛石是吸熱反應;等質量時,石墨的能量比金剛石的低 B.由石墨制備金剛石是吸熱反應;等質量時,石墨的能量比金剛石的高 C.由石墨制備金剛石是放熱反應;等質量時,石墨的能量比金剛石的低 D.由石墨制備金剛石是放熱反應;等質量時,石墨的能量比金剛石的高
10. 天然氣和液化石油氣(主要成分為C3~C5的烷烴)燃燒的化學方程式分別為:
CH4+ 2O2 ? CO2+ 2H2O,C3H8+ 5O2 ? CO2+4H2O 現有一套以天然氣為燃料的灶具,今改用液化石油氣,應采取的正確措施是( ) A.增大空氣進入量或減小石油氣進入量 B.增大空氣進入量或增大石油氣進入量 C.減小空氣進入量或減小石油氣進入量 D.減小空氣進入量或增大石油氣進入量
11.已知膽礬溶于水時溶液溫度降低,室溫下將1mol無水硫酸銅制成溶液時放出熱量為Q1kJ,又知膽礬分解的熱化學方程式為CuSO4?5H2O(s) CuSO4(s)+5H2O(l);△H=+Q2 kJ·mol(1則Q1、Q2的關系為 ( )
A.Q1Q2 C.Q1=Q2 D.無法確定
12.強酸和強堿在稀溶液中的中和熱可表示為:H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(l); △H= -57.3k kJ·mol(1,又知在溶液中反應有:CH3COOH(aq)+NaOH(aq)=CH3COONa(aq)+H2O(l); △H=-Q1kJ·mol(1, H2SO4(濃)+NaOH(aq)=Na2SO4(aq)+H2O(l) ; △H= -Q2 kJ·mol(1
HNO3(aq)+KOH(aq)KNO3(aq)+H2O(l) ; △H= -Q3 kJ·mol(1,
則Q1、Q2、Q3的關系正確的是( )
A. Q1 = Q2 = Q3 B.Q2 > Q1 > Q3 C. Q2 > Q3 > Q1 D. Q2 = Q3 > Q1
13.已知 (1( H2(g(+O2(g(=H2O(g( ; (H1=akJ·mol-1
(2( 2H2(g(+O2(g(=2H2O(g( ; (H2=b kJ·mol-1
(3( H2(g(+O2(g(=H2O(l( ; (H3=c kJ·mol-1
(4( 2H2(g(+O2(g(=2H2O(l( ; (H4=d kJ·mol-1
下列關系式中正確的是( (
A( a<c<0 B( b>d>0 C( 2a=b<0 D( 2c=d>0
14.化學反應可視為舊鍵斷裂和新鍵形成的過程。化學
鍵的鍵能是形成(或拆開)1mol化學鍵時釋放(或吸收)
出的能量。已知白磷和P4O6的分子結構如圖所示,現提供
以下化學鍵的鍵能(kJ·mol(1):P—P:198 P—O:360
O=O:498則反應P4(白磷)+3O2= P4O6
的反應熱(H為( )
A.-1638 kJ·mol(1 B.+1638 kJ·mol(1
C.-126 kJ·mol(1 D.+126 kJ·mol(1
15.能源可劃分為一級能源和二級能源。自然界中以現成形式提供的能源稱為一級能源;需依靠其它能源的能量間接制取的能源稱為二級能源。氫氣是一種高效而沒有污染的二級能源,它可以由自然界中大量存在的水來制取:2H2O(l)=2H2(g)+O2(g);ΔH=517.6 kJ·mol(1
(1)下列敘述正確的是( ) A.電能是二級能源? B.水力是二級能源C.天然氣是一級能源D.水煤氣是一級能源
(2)關于用水制取二級能源氫氣,以下研究方向不正確的是( )
A.構成水的氫是可以燃燒的物質,因此可研究在水不分解的情況下,使氫成為二級能源 B.設法將太陽光聚集,產生高溫,使水分解產生氫氣 C.尋找高效催化劑,使水分解產生氫氣,同時釋放能量 D.尋找特殊化學物質,用于開發廉價能源,以分解水制取氫氣
16.家用液化氣的主要成分之一是丁烷,當10kg丁烷完全燃燒并生成二氧化碳和液態水時,放出熱量為5×105kJ,試寫出丁烷燃燒的熱化學方程式________________________,已知1mol液態水氣化時需要吸收44kJ的熱量,則反應 的ΔH為____________________。
17由氫氣和氧氣反應生成1 mol水蒸氣放熱241.8kJ,寫出該反應的熱化學方程式:                      。若1g水蒸氣轉化成液態水放熱2.444kJ,則反應H2(g)+O2(g)H2O(1)的△H=  kJ·mol-1。氫氣的燃燒熱為    kJ·mol-1。
18.同素異形體相互轉化的反應熱相當小而且轉化速率很慢,有時還很不完全,測定反應熱有時很困難,因此常用蓋斯定律進行計算得到相應數據。已知:
P4(白磷,s)+5O2(g)=P4O10(s) ΔH=-2983.2kJ·mol-1
P(紅磷,s)+O2(g)=P4O10(s) △H=-738.5kJ·mol-1
則白磷轉化為紅磷的熱化學方程式為___________ _________。
19.已知:① C(s(+O2(g(=CO2(g(; (H=—393.5 kJ·mol(1
② 2CO(g(+O2(g(=2CO2(g(; (H=(566 kJ·mol(1
③ TiO2(s(+2Cl2(g(=TiCl4(s(+O2(g(; (H=+141 kJ·mol(1
則TiO2(s(+2Cl2(g(+2C(s(=TiCl4(s(+2CO(g(的(H= 。
20.磷在氧氣中燃燒,可能生成兩種固態氧化物。3.1 g的單質磷(P)在3.2 g氧氣中燃燒,至反應物耗盡,并放出X kJ熱量。
(1)通過計算確定反應產物的組成(用化學式表示)是 ,其相應的質量(g)為 。
(2)已知單質磷的燃燒熱為Y kJ·mol(1,則1 mol P與O2反應生成固態P2O3的反應熱 ΔH= 。
(3)寫出1 mol P與O2反應生成固態P2O3的熱化學方程式: 。
21.50ml0.50mol·L-1鹽酸與50mL0.55mol·L-1NaOH溶液在如下圖所示的裝置中進行中和反應。通過測定反應過程中放出的熱量可計算中和熱。回答下列問題:
(1)從實驗裝置上看,圖中傷缺少的一種玻璃儀器是 。
(2)燒杯間填滿碎紙條的作用是 。
(3)若大燒杯上不蓋硬紙板,其中和熱數值 (偏大,偏小,無影響)。
(4)實驗中該用60mL0.50mol·L-1鹽酸跟50mL0.55mol·L-1NaOH溶液進行反應,與上述實驗相比,所放出的熱量 (偏大,偏小,無影響),所求中和熱 (偏大,偏小,無影響),簡述理由:
(5)用相同濃度和體積的氨水代替NaOH溶液進行上述實驗,測得的中和熱數值會 ;用50mL0.50mol/LNaOH溶液進行上述實驗,測得的中和熱數值會 (偏大,偏小,無影響)
22通常人們把拆開1mol 某化學鍵所吸收的能量看成該化學鍵的鍵能。鍵能的大小可以衡量化學鍵的強弱,也可用于估算化學反應的反應熱(△H),化學反應的△H等于反應中斷裂舊化學鍵的鍵能之和與反應中形成新化學鍵的鍵能之和的差。
化學鍵
Si—O
Si—Cl
H—H
H—Cl
Si—Si
Si—C
鍵能/ kJ·mol(1
460
360
436
431
176
347
⑴ 比較下列兩組物質的熔點高低 (填>或<)SiC_____ Si; SiCl4 _____ SiO2
(2)工業上高純硅可通過下列反應制取:SiCl4 (g) + 2H2(g)Si(s) + 4HCl(g) △H = __ __ kJ·mol(1
23.CO、CH4均為常見的可燃性氣體。
(1)等體積的CO和CH4在相同條件下分別完全燃燒,轉移的電子數之比是
(2)已知在101 kPa時,CO的燃燒熱為283 kJ·mol(1。相同條件下,若2 mol CH4完全燃燒生成液態水,所放出的熱量為1 mol CO完全燃燒放出熱量的6.30倍,CH4完全燃燒反應的熱化學方程式是 。
24.我國研制的長征火箭在第一、二級發動機中用“偏二甲(基)肼”和四氧化二氮作為液體燃料
(1)已知偏二甲(基)肼的相對分子質量為60,其中含碳40%,含氫13.33%,其余為氮;又知其分子中有一個氮原子不與氫原子相連。通過計算寫出偏二甲(基)肼的化學式和分子結構簡式: 。
(2)在發動機中偏二甲(基)肼在四氧化二氮中充分燃燒,寫出該燃燒反應的化學方程式(反應中所有的氮元素均轉化為N2) 。
25.已知下列熱化學方程式:
Fe2O3(s)+3CO2(g)=2Fe(s)+3CO2(g) ; △H1=-25k kJ·mol(1
3Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)=2Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g) ; △H2=-47 kJ·mol(1
Fe3O4(s)+CO(g)=3FeO(s)+CO2(g) ; △H3=19 kJ·mol(1
試計算以下反應的反應熱△H:FeO(s)+CO(g)=Fe(s)+CO2(g)△H = ___ _ kJ·mol(1
26.已知CH3OH(l),HCHO(g)的燃燒焓△H分別為-726.64 kJ·mol(1 和-563.58 kJ·mol(1,求算以下反應的反應熱△H: CH3OH(l)+1/2O2(g)﹦HCHO(g)+H2O(l)△H = ___ _ kJ·mol(1
27.已知C—H,C—F,H—F,F—F鍵的鍵焓(△Hb)分別為:414、489、565、158 kJ·mol-1,根據鍵焓數據估算以下反應的反應熱△H:
CH4(g)+4F2(g)﹦CF4(g)+4HF(g)△H = ___ _ kJ·mol(1
28.已知反應1/2N2(g)+3/2H2(g)=NH3(g)的△H為-46 kJ·mol-1,H—H,N—H鍵的鍵焓分別為436 kJ·mol(1,391 kJ·mol(1,求N≡N的鍵焓△H ___ _ kJ·mol(1。
29.“酒是陳的香”,就是因為酒在儲存過程中生成了有香味的乙酸乙酯,在實驗室我們也可以用如右圖所示的裝置制取乙酸乙酯。回答下列問題:
(1)寫出制取乙酸乙酯的化學反應方程式??
(2)在大試管中配制一定比例的乙醇、乙酸和濃硫酸的混合液的方法是:? ??。
(3)濃硫酸的作用是:①??? ?;②? ???。
(4)飽和碳酸鈉溶液的主要作是? ???

(5)裝置中通蒸氣的導管要插在飽和碳酸鈉溶液的液面上,不能插入溶液中,目的是防止????  。
(6)若要把制得的乙酸乙酯分離出來,
應采用的實驗操作是      。
(7)做此實驗時,有時還向盛乙酸和乙醇的試管里加入幾塊碎瓷片,其目的是     。
(8)生成乙酸乙酯的反應是可逆反應,反應物不能完全變成生成物,反應一段時間后,就達到了該反應的限度,也即達到化學平衡狀態。下列描述能說明乙醇與乙酸的酯化反應已達到化學平衡狀態的有(填序號)        。
①單位時間里,生成1mol乙酸乙酯,同時生成1mol水?? ②正反應的速率與逆反應的速率相等
③單位時間里,生成1mol乙酸乙酯,同時生成1mol乙酸
④單位時間里,消耗1mol乙醇,同時消耗1mol乙酸????? ⑤混合物中各物質的濃度不再變化
30.已知兩個熱化學方程式:
2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l); △H1 =-571.5 kJ·mol(1
C3H8(g)+5O2(g)=3CO2(g)+4H2O(l) ;△H2 =-2220 kJ·mol(1
實驗測得氫氣和丙烷的混合氣體共5 mol完全燃燒時共放熱3847kJ,則混合氣體中氫氣和丙烷的體
積比為多少?
31.在100g碳不完全燃燒所得的氣體中,CO占1/3體積,CO2占2/3體積,且
C(s)+1/2O2(g)=CO(g) ;△H =-110.35 kJ·mol(1
CO(g)+1/2O2(g)=CO2(g) ;△H =-282.57 kJ·mol(1
與這些碳完全燃燒相比,損失的熱量是多少?
32.已知下面熱化學方程式:CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2 (g)+2H2O(l) ; △H= -890.36 kJ·mol(1
H2(g)+1/2O2(g)= H2O(g); △H= -241.8 kJ·mol(1 H2(g)+1/2O2(g)= H2O(l);△H= -285.8k kJ·mol(1
常溫下取體積比為4:1的甲烷和氫氣的混合氣體11.2L(標準狀況下),在101kPa下經完全燃燒后恢復至常溫,求放出的熱量。
33.NH4NO3熱分解及和燃料油[以(CH2)n表示]反應的方程式及反應熱分別為:
(1)若NH4NO3 按下式分解: NH4NO3(s)= N2O(g) + 2H2O (g),每分解1g NH4NO3晶體放出0.53 kJ熱量。
(2)若NH4NO3 按下式分解:NH4NO3(s) = N2(g) + 1/2 O2 (g) + 2H2O(l),每分解1g NH4NO3晶體放出1.47 kJ熱量。
(3)若NH4NO3 與 (CH2)n發生下列反應:
3n NH4NO3(s) + (CH2)n (l) = 3n N2 (g) + 7n H2O (l)+ n CO2 (g)
每克NH4NO3晶體參加反應放出4.29 nkJ熱量。請根據上述三個化學反應中的能量變化寫出相應的熱化學方程式。
34. 已知無水CH3COONA和堿石灰共熱可制甲烷:
各物質的相互轉化關系如圖所示:
·
A水溶液顯酸性,遇FECL3不顯色,且A分子結構中無乙基。I是五元環狀化合物,J可使溴的CCL4溶液褪色,K和L都是醫用功能高分子材料,I、J互為同分異構體。
(1)符合題意的A有____種,任寫一種A的結構簡式:_____________________________;
(2)分別寫出F、G的結構簡式:F___________________、G____________________;
(3)指出下列化學反應的類型:C→H:______________,A→B+C:______________。
(4)試寫出化學方程式:B→D_____________________ __________ ___;
H→L:_________ __________。
A→B:___________________________________________________________________
35.軟性隱形眼鏡可由聚甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯(HEMA)制成超薄鏡片,其合成路線可以是:
2) C 的名稱 ,E-F的反應類型
3)寫出下列轉化的化學方程式
I—G:
G + F ---H
H-----HEMA
36. 優良的有機溶劑對孟烷、耐熱型特種高分子功能材料PMnMA的合成路線如下:
己知芳
(1) B為芳香烴。 ①由B生成對孟烷的反應類型是
②(CH3 ), CHCI與A生成B的化學方程武是
③A的同系物中相對分子質量最小的物質是
(2) 1.08g的C與飽和溴水完全反應生成3.45 g白色沉淀。E不能使Br2的CC14溶液褪色.
①F的官能團是 ②C的結構簡式是
⑧反應I的化學方程式是
(3)下列說法正確的是(選填字母)
a. B可使酸性高錳放鉀溶液褪色 b. C不存在醛類同分異構體
c. D的酸性比 E弱 d. E的沸點高于對孟烷
(4) G的核磁共振氫譜有3種峰,其峰面積之比為3:2:1 .G與NaHCO3反應放出CO2。反應II的化學方程式是
有機化學復習核心
神木中學2012—2013學年第一學期高二地理寒假作業(一)
班級:_________ 姓名:_________ 學號:_________ 組別:_________
一.單項選擇題
1.下列各點中既位于東半球,又位于北半球的是( )
A.西經30度,北緯30度 B.西經10度,北緯10度
C.東經170度,南緯30度 D.東經175度,北緯10度
2.某地的東面是東半球,西面是西半球,南面是南半球,北面是北半球,該地的經緯度是( )
A.經度0°,緯度0° B.東經160°,緯度0°
C.西經20°,緯度0° D.東經180°,緯度0°
3.今年寒假你準備去西安旅游,你會選擇下面哪種地圖?( )
A.西安旅游圖 B.中國政區圖 C.西安交通圖 D.西安地形圖
4.下列哪個緯度上陸地所占面積的比例最大?( )
A.0° B.30°S C.30°N D.60°N
5.上述四幅圖中,比例尺最大的一幅是( )
A.甲 B.乙 C.丙 D.丁
6.下列四幅圖所代表的氣候類型依次是( )
A.地中海氣候、溫帶季風氣候、溫帶海洋性氣候、亞熱帶季風氣候
B.地中海氣候、亞熱帶季風氣候、溫帶大陸性氣候、熱帶雨林氣候
C.溫帶季風氣候、熱帶季風氣候、溫帶大陸性氣候、熱帶草原氣候
D.熱帶草原氣候、熱帶季風氣候、熱帶雨林氣候、溫帶海洋性氣候
7.下列國家不在太平洋沿岸的是( )
讀下圖,其中X地位于大陸東海岸,Y地位于大陸西海岸,回答8~9題。
8.X位于( )
A.北半球亞歐大陸兩岸
B.南半球大西洋兩岸
C.北半球太平洋兩岸
D.南半球印度洋兩岸
9.位于Y地所在國的是( )
A.富士山 B.大分水嶺 ?? ? C.巴拿馬運河?????? ? D.硅谷
10.當Y地在一年中夜最長的時期( )
A.X地正處于多雨季節??? ???B.Y地正處于多雨季節
C.X地水稻播種季節?????? D.Y地小麥收獲季節
11.熱帶草原氣候分布最廣的大洲是( )
A.亞洲 B.歐洲 C.大洋洲 D.非洲
12.下列句子中描寫氣候的是( )
A.昨夜雨疏風驟,濃睡不消殘酒 B.忽如一夜春風來,千樹萬樹梨花開
C.人間四月芳菲盡,山寺桃花始盛開 D.清明時節雨紛紛,路上行人欲斷魂
13.氣候主要包括兩方面的情況,即( )
A.氣溫和降水 B.風和雨 C.陰晴和冷熱 D.冬季和夏季
14.世界上使用人數最多的語言是( )
A.英語 B.漢語 C.阿拉伯語 D.俄語
15.伊斯蘭教教徒分布最多的地區是( )
①北美洲的東部和西部②亞洲的西部和東南部③非洲的北部和東部④歐洲的東部和西部
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④
16.世界面積最大的國家是( )
A.中國 B.俄羅斯
C.加拿大 D.美國
右圖為“山東省煙臺附近某山區村莊某時刻等壓面示意圖”,讀圖回答17~19題。
17.該山村的優質蘋果樹多種植在山腰而少在山谷,原因是山腰果樹開花早,下圖中能正確反映這一現象的是( )
18.關于圖中時刻的敘述,正確的是( )
①圖中等壓面一般出現在夜晚②圖中等壓面一般出現在白天③此時風向由Q到P④此時風向由P到Q
A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④
19.在晴朗的夜晚該谷地上空會出現逆溫現象,逆溫層產生的原因是( )
A.山坡上的冷空氣沿山坡下沉到谷底,谷底的較暖空氣被冷空氣抬擠上升
B.山頂受太陽輻射多,山谷照不到太陽
C.山頂離太陽近,山谷離太陽遠 D.在對流層,氣溫隨高度增加而遞減
讀“40°N亞歐大陸1月和7月溫度變化曲線及各地年降水量分布圖”,回答20~21題。
20.B地的氣候類型為( )
A.亞熱帶季風氣候 B.溫帶季風氣候
C.溫帶大陸氣候 D.溫帶海洋氣候
21.A、B、C、D各地氣溫日較差最大的是( )
A.A地 B.B地 C.C地 D.D地
讀“亞洲兩個國家略圖”,回答22~23題。
22.兩國的臨海分別是( )
A.紅海、亞丁灣
B.安達曼海、泰國灣
C.地中海、波斯灣
D.阿拉伯海、孟加拉灣
23.②圖所示國家的自然特點是( )
A.面臨海洋、降水豐沛 B.地勢低平、植被茂盛
C.冬溫夏涼、四季如春
D.沙漠廣布、炎熱干燥
24.一艘油輪從波斯灣駛往我國沿海,6月下旬經馬爾代夫附近海域、馬六甲海峽到新加坡,該油輪( )
A.先順水航行,后逆水航行 B.桅桿的日影始終出現在南側
C.可以不經過吉隆坡西南海域 D.航行期間,雨少晴多
25.起源于西亞地區的世界性宗教包括( )
A.基督教、佛教 B.基督教、伊斯蘭教 C.伊斯蘭教、佛教 D.印度教、伊斯蘭教
二.綜合分析題
26.讀東西半球圖,回答下列問題。
(1)將圖中數字所代表的大洲的名稱填寫在下面的空格內。
①_________②__________③________
④_________⑤__________⑥________
⑦ ___________。
(2)將圖中字母所代表的大洋的名稱填寫在下列的空格內。
A _________ B ____________ C ____________? D _____________。
(3)七大洲中面積最大的是?_________,同為一個大陸的大洲是_________和___________。
(4)四大洋中面積最小的是________,介于五大洲之間的大洋是_________ 和_________,跨經度最多的大洋是___________。
(5)按南北半球來說,海洋面積廣闊的是__________半球。(6)我國位于__________洲。
27.下圖中甲圖為某區域示意圖,圖乙反映了圖甲中的P地河谷剖面,圖丙反映了圖甲對應的湖泊情況,讀圖回答下列問題。
(1)圖甲中河流流向是______________,P地附近的地質構造是____________________。
(2)若在Q處建大壩,對P處河流的水文特征可能產生哪些影響?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
(3)S城市的海濱浴場游客云集的季節,湖泊蓄水范圍接近圖丙a、b中的________;分析該地區夏季日光旅游發達的自然原因__________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________。
(4)簡要說明A地氣候條件對農業生產的不利影響。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
神木中學高二年級(文)寒假作業 (一)
一、選擇題
1.數列的一個通項公式是( )
A. B. C. D.
2. 已知數列,,,且,則數列的第五項為( )
A. B. C. D.
3. 是數列中的第( )項.
A. B. C. D.
4. 在等差數列中,若,則( )
A.45 B.75 C. 180 D.300
5. 一個首項為23,公差為整數的等差數列,如果前六項均為正數,第七項起為負數,則它的公差是( )
A.-2 B.-3 C.-4 D.-5?
6. 在等差數列{an}中,設公差為d,若S10=4S5,則等于( )?
A. B.2 C. D.4?
7. 設數列{an}和{bn}都是等差數列,其中a1=25,b1=75,且a100+b100=100,則數列{an+bn}的前100項之和是( )?
A.1000 B.10000 C.1100 D.11000?
8.已知等差數列{an}的公差d=1,且a1+a2+a3+…+a98=137,那么a2+a4+a6+…+a98的值等于( )
A.97 B.95 C.93 D.91?
9.在等比數列{an}中,a1=1,q∈R且|q|≠1,若am=a1a2a3a4a5,則m等于( )
A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12?
10. 公差不為0的等差數列{an}中,a2、a3、a6依次成等比數列,則公比等于( )?
A. B. C.2 D.3?
11. 若數列{an}的前n項和為Sn=an-1(a≠0),則這個數列的特征是( )?
A.等比數列B.等差數列C.等比或等差數列D.非等差數列
12.等差數列{an}和{bn}的前n項和分別為Sn與Tn,對一切自然數n,都有=,則等于( )?A. B. C. D.
二、填空題
13. 數列{an}的前n項和為Sn=n2+3n+1,則它的通項公式為 .
14. 已知{}是等差數列,且a2=-1,a4=+1,則a10= .
15. 在等比數列中,若S10=10,S20=30,則S30= .
16. 數列1,2,3,4,…的前n項和為 .
三、解答題:
17.已知等差數列{an}中,Sn=m,Sm=n(m≠n),求Sm+n.
18.設等差數列{an}的前n項和為Sn,已知a3=12,S12>0,S13<0.求公差d的取值范圍.
19. 已知等差數列{an}中,a1=29,S10=S20,問這個數列的前多少項和最大?并求此最大值.
20.設a1=5,an+1=2an+3(n≥1),求{an}的通項公式.
21.求和:1+++…+
22 已知數列{an}中,Sn是它的前n項和,并且Sn+1=4an+2(n=1,2,…),a1=1.(1)設bn=an+1-2an(n=1,2,…)求證{bn}是等比數列;(2)設cn=(n=1,2…)求證{cn}是等差數列;(3)求數列{an}的通項公式及前n項和公式.?
神木中學高二年級(文)寒假作業 (三)

一 選擇題(本題共12個小題,每小題5分,共60分)
1、直線與雙曲線的交點個數是 (  )
A.0 B.1 C.2 D.視m的值而定
2、已知雙曲線方程為,過P(1,0)的直線L與雙曲線只有一個公共點,則L的條數共有(  )
A.4條 B.3條 C.2條 D.1條
3、過拋物線的焦點作一條直線與拋物線相交于A、B兩點,它們的橫坐標之和等于5,則這樣的直線 (  )
A.有且僅有一條 B.有且僅有兩條 C.有無窮多條 D.不存在
4、方程與的曲線在同一坐標系中的示意圖應(  )
A B C D

5、P為雙曲線上一點,為焦點,如果 ,則雙曲線的離心率為(  )
A. B. C. D.
6、直線與拋物線相交于兩點,為焦點,若點的坐標為,則(  )
A. B. C. D。以上均有可能
7、在△ABC中,,,,則過點C,以A,H為兩焦點的雙曲線的離心率為(  ) A、 B、 C、2 D、3
8.橢圓上的點P到它的左準線的距離是10,那么點P 到它的右焦點的距離是( )(A)15 (B)12 (C)10 (D)8
9.橢圓的焦點、,P為橢圓上的一點,已知,則△的面積為( )(A)9 (B)12 (C)10 (D)8
10.橢圓上的點到直線的最大距離是( )
(A)3(B)(C)(D)
11.過拋物線(a>0)的焦點F作一直線交拋物線于P、Q兩點,若線段PF與FQ的長分別為p、q,則等于( )
(A)2a (B) (C) (D)
12. 如果橢圓的弦被點(4,2)平分,則這條弦所在的直線方程是( )(A)(B)(C)(D)
二.填空題(本大題共4個小題,每小題4分,共16分)
1、點M與點F(3,0)的距離比它到直線x+1=0的距離多2,則點M的軌跡方程為_______________
2、過點且被點M平分的雙曲線的弦所在直線方程為 .
3、拋物線上的斜率為2的弦的中點的軌跡方程是________________________
4、是過右焦點的弦,過作右準線的垂線,為垂足,連結交軸于點,則的坐標是________________
5、拋物線上存在兩點關于直線對稱,則的取值范圍是__________________
三 解答題(本大題共6個小題,共74分)
1.已知拋物線的頂點在原點,對稱軸為x軸,拋物線上的點M(-3,m)到焦點的距離為5,求拋物線的方程和m的值。
2、拋物線頂點在原點,它的準線過雙曲線的一個焦點并與雙曲線實軸垂直,已知拋物線與雙曲線的交點為,求拋物線和雙曲線的方程
3、過橢圓左準線上一點與左焦點的連線分別與橢圓交于、兩點,若,,求
4、如圖,P是拋物線上C: y= x2上的一點,直線l過點P且與拋物線C交于另一點Q.
⑴ 若直線l與過點P的切線垂直,求線段PQ中點M的軌跡方程;
⑵ 若直線l不過原點且與x軸交于點S,與y軸交于點T,試求的取值范圍.
5. 已知直線y=ax+1與雙曲線3x2-y2=1交于A、B兩點,(1)若以AB線段為直徑的圓過坐標原點,求實數a的值。(2)是否存在這樣的實數a,使A、B兩點關于直線對稱?說明理由。(10分)

6.設橢圓的左、右頂點分別為A,B,點P在橢圓上且異于A,B兩點,O為坐標原點.
(Ⅰ)若直線AP與BP的斜率之積為,求橢圓的離心率;
(Ⅱ)若|AP|=|OA|,證明直線OP的斜率k滿足
神木中學高二(文)年級寒假作業 (二)

一、選擇題
1、一個三角形的兩個內角分別為30°和45°,如果45°角所對的邊長為8,那么30°角所對邊的長是( )
A、4 B、 C、 D、
2、在△ABC中,a=3,b=,c=2,那么B等于( )
A. 30° B.45° C.60° D.120°
3、已知△ABC的面積為,且,則∠A等于 ( )
A.30° B.30°或150° C.60° D.60°或120°
4、某市在“舊城改造”中計劃內一塊如圖所示的三角形空地上種植草皮以美化環境,已知這種草皮每平方米a元,則購買這種草皮至少要( )

A. 450a元 B.225 a元

C. 150a元 D. 300a元
5.△ABC中,∠A、∠B的對邊分別為a,b,且∠A=60°,,那么
滿足條件的△ABC ( )

A.無解 B.有一個解 C.有兩個解 D.不能確定
6、若三條線段的長為5、6、7,則用這三條線段( )
A、能組成直角三角形 B、能組成銳角三角形
C、能組成鈍角三角形 D、不能組成三角形
7.在中,根據下列條件解三角形,其中有兩個解的是(  )
A.,,    B.,, 
C.,,      D.,,
8.在中,如果,那么角等于(  )
A.     B. C.     D.
9.在中,下列命題中正確的是(  )
A.若,則   B.若,則 
C.,,的三角形有一解
D.,,的三角形一定存在
10.在△ABC中,若,,則等于 ( )
A、2 B、 C、 D、
二、填空題
11.在△ABC中,B=1350,C=150,a=5,則此三角形的最大邊長為
12、若,則最小的內角等于 。
13、在等腰三角形 ABC中,已知sinA∶sinB=1∶2,底邊BC=10,則△ABC的周長是 。
14. 在中,,則是 三角形
15、在△ABC中,若∠A:∠B:∠C=1:2:3,則
16、在△ABC中,150°,則b=
17、在△ABC中,A=60°,B=45°,,則a= ;b=
18、已知三角形兩邊長分別為1和,第三邊上的中線長為1,則三角形的外接圓半徑為

三、解答題
19 如圖,在四邊形ABCD中,AC平分∠DAB,∠ABC=600,AC=7,AD=6, S△ADC=,求AB的長.
20已知在中,, 求角C。
21.在△ABC中,已知角A,B,C的對邊分別為a,b,c,且bCosB+cCosC=aCosA,試判斷△ABC的形狀.
22.在△ABC中,已知,A=45°,在BC邊的長分別為20,,5的情況下,求相應角C。
23、(16分)在銳角三角形中,邊a、b是方程x2-2x+2=0的兩根,角A、B滿足: 2sin(A+B)-=0,求角C的度數,邊c的長度及△ABC的面積。

神木中學高二(文)年級寒假作業 (四)
一、選擇題(每小題5分,共50分)
1、設是可導函數,且( )
A.     B.-1      C.0      D.-2
2、是的導函數,的圖象如右圖所示,則的圖象只可能是( )
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3、曲線在點處的切線方程為( )
A. B. C. D.
4、設,若,則( )
A. B. C. D.
5、設,若函數,有大于零的極值點,則( )
A. B. C. D.
6、已知對任意實數,有,且時,,
則時( )
A. B.
C. D.
7、函數在處有極值10, 則點為( )
A. B. C.或 D.不存在
8、已知是上的單調增函數,則的取值范圍是( )
A.        B.
C.          D.
9、函數在上的最大值和最小值分別是( )
A. 5,15 B. 5, C. 5, D. 5,
10、已知二次函數的導數為,,對于任意實數都有,則的最小值為( )
A. B. C. D.
二、填空題
11、設函數 則的最大值為 .
12、已知函數的圖象在點處的切線方程是,則

13、如果函數上單調遞增,則的取值范圍為
14、函數的單調遞增區間是 .
15、已知函數在區間上的最大值與最小值分別為,則     .
三、解答題
16、已知拋物線通過點(1,1),且在(2,-1)處的切線的斜率為1,求a,b,
c的值.
17、某單位用2160萬元購得一塊空地,計劃在該地塊上建造一棟至少10層、每層2000平方米的樓房。經測算,如果將樓房建為層,則每平方米的 平均建筑費用為(單位:元)。為了使樓房每平方米的平均綜合費用最少,該樓房應建為多少層?
(注:平均綜合費用=平均建筑費用+平均購地費用,平均購地費用=)
18、已知在區間[0,1]上是增函數,在區間上是減函數,又.
(Ⅰ)求的解析式; (Ⅱ)若在區間(m>0)上恒有≤x成立,求m的取值范圍。
19、已知在時有極大值6,在時有極小值,求a,b,c的值;并求區間上的最大值和最小值.
20、已知二次函數滿足:(1)在時有極值;(2)圖象過點,且在該點處的切線與直線平行.
(I)求的解析式;
(II)求函數的單調遞增區間.
20、設函數。
(Ⅰ)求的單調區間和極值;
(Ⅱ)若對一切,,求的最大值.
神木中學高二年級寒假作業 (一)
姓名 班級
一、選擇題
1.數列的一個通項公式是( )
A. B. C. D.
2. 已知數列,,,且,則數列的第五項為( )
A. B. C. D.
3. 是數列中的第( )項.
A. B. C. D.
4. 在等差數列中,若,則( )
A.45 B.75 C. 180 D.300
5. 一個首項為23,公差為整數的等差數列,如果前六項均為正數,第七項起為負數,則它的公差是( )
A.-2 B.-3 C.-4 D.-5?
6. 在等差數列{an}中,設公差為d,若S10=4S5,則等于( )?
A. B.2 C. D.4?
7. 設數列{an}和{bn}都是等差數列,其中a1=25,b1=75,且a100+b100=100,則數列{an+bn}的前100項之和是( )?
A.1000 B.10000 C.1100 D.11000?
8.已知等差數列{an}的公差d=1,且a1+a2+a3+…+a98=137,那么a2+a4+a6+…+a98的值等于( )
A.97 B.95 C.93 D.91?
9.在等比數列{an}中,a1=1,q∈R且|q|≠1,若am=a1a2a3a4a5,則m等于( )
A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12?
10. 公差不為0的等差數列{an}中,a2、a3、a6依次成等比數列,則公比等于( )?
A. B. C.2 D.3?
11. 若數列{an}的前n項和為Sn=an-1(a≠0),則這個數列的特征是( )?
A.等比數列B.等差數列C.等比或等差數列D.非等差數列
12. 等差數列{an}和{bn}的前n項和分別為Sn與Tn,對一切自然數n,都有=,則等于( )?A. B. C. D.
二、填空題
13. 數列{an}的前n項和為Sn=n2+3n+1,則它的通項公式為 .
14. 已知{}是等差數列,且a2=-1,a4=+1,則a10= .
15. 在等比數列中,若S10=10,S20=30,則S30= .
16. 數列1,2,3,4,…的前n項和為 .
三、解答題:
17.已知等差數列{an}中,Sn=m,Sm=n(m≠n),求Sm+n.
18.設等差數列{an}的前n項和為Sn,已知a3=12,S12>0,S13<0.求公差d的取值范圍.
19. 已知等差數列{an}中,a1=29,S10=S20,問這個數列的前多少項和最大?并求此最大值.
20.設a1=5,an+1=2an+3(n≥1),求{an}的通項公式.
21.求和:1+++…+
22 已知數列{an}中,Sn是它的前n項和,并且Sn+1=4an+2(n=1,2,…),a1=1.(1)設bn=an+1-2an(n=1,2,…)求證{bn}是等比數列;(2)設cn=(n=1,2…)求證{cn}是等差數列;(3)求數列{an}的通項公式及前n項和公式.?
神木中學高二年級寒假作業 (三)
姓名 班級
一、選擇題(本大題共12小題,每小題5分,共60分,每小題有且只有一個選項是符合要求的)
1.下列語句是命題的為( )
A. x-1>0 B. 他還年青 C. 20-5×3=10
D. 在20020年前,將有人登上為火星
2.化簡的結果是( )
A. B. C. D.
3.甲乙兩人至少有一個是三好學生是指: ( )
甲是三好學生,或乙是三好學生 B.甲乙兩人都是三好學生
C.甲乙兩人至多有一個是三好學生 D.甲乙兩人都不是三好學生
4.若、表示直線,表示平面,則下列命題中,正確的個數為:( )
①②③④
A.1個 B.2個 C.3個 D.4個
5.若點A(,4-μ,1+2γ)關于y軸的對稱點是B(-4λ,9,
7-γ),則λ,μ,γ的值依次為:( )
A.1,-4,9 B.2,-5,-8 C.-3,-5,8 D.2,5,8
6.已知是平面內的兩個非零向量,是直線l的方向向量,那么“”是“”的什么條件( )
A.充分不必要 B.必要不充分 C.充要 D.既不充分又不必要
7.在以下四個命題中,不正確的個數為( )
(1)
(2)已知不共線的三點A、B、C和平面ABC外任意一點O,點P在平面ABC內的充要條件是存在且
(3)空間三個向量,若
(4)對于任意空間任意兩個向量,的充要條件是存在唯一的實數,使
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
8.已知A(4,1,3),B(2,3,1),C(3,7,-5),點P(x,-1,3)在平面ABC內,則x的值為( )
A. –4 B. 1 C. 10 D. 11
9.已知正方體中,,若,則( )
A. B.
C. D.
10.已知,,,其中為單位正交基底,若,,共同作用在一個物體上,使物體從點(1, -2, 1)移到(3, 1, 2),則這三個合力所作的功為( )
A.14 B. C. -14 D.
11.已知正方體外接球的體積是,那么正方體的棱長等于 ( )
(A)    (B)    (C)    (D)
12、下列說法中錯誤的個數為 ( )
①一個命題的逆命題為真,它的否命題也一定為真;
②若一個命題的否命題為假,則它本身一定為真;
③是的充要條件;
④與是等價的;
⑤“”是“”成立的充分條件.
A、2 B、3 C、4 D、5
二、填空題:(本大題共7個小題,每小題4分,共28分)
13.已知向量之間的夾角為,且,則 .
14.已知,且A、B、C三點共線,則k= .
15.已知命題,,則是 .
16.命題“若或,則”是  命題。(填“真”或“假”)
17.已知,則的最小值是 .
18.如右圖,在正三棱柱中,.若二面角的大小為,則點到平面的距離為__________.
19.設不同的直線的方向向量分別是,平面的法向量是,則下列推理中
①;②;③; ④
正確的命題序號是 .
三、解答題:(本大題共5小題,共62分。請寫出必要的文字說明、證明過程或演算步驟)
20、(本小題滿分12分)
已知p:-x2+8x+20≥0,q:x2-2x+1-m2≤0(m>0).若“非p”是“非q”的充分不必要條件,求實數m的取值范圍.
21. (本小題滿分12分)
已知,
⑴若,求x的值; ⑵若,求x的值.
22.(本小題滿分12分)
如圖4,在長方體中,,,點在棱上移動,(1)問等于何值時,二面角的大小為.
(2)在(1)的條件下,求直線AB與平面CD1E夾角的余弦值

23.(本小題12分)命題;
命題是增函數,求實數的取值范圍。
24.(本小題14分)
如圖,在直三棱柱AB-A1B1C1中.∠ BAC=90°,AB=AC=AA1 =1.D是棱CC1上的一點,P是AD的延長線與A1C1的延長線的交點,且PB1∥平面BDA1.
(I)求證:CD=C1D:
(II)求二面角A-A1D-B的平面角的余弦值;
(Ⅲ)求點C到平面B1DP的距離.
神木中學高二年級寒假作業 (二)
姓名 班級
一、選擇題
1、一個三角形的兩個內角分別為30°和45°,如果45°角所對的邊長為8,那么30°角所對邊的長是( )
A、4 B、 C、 D、
2、在△ABC中,a=3,b=,c=2,那么B等于( )
A. 30° B.45° C.60° D.120°
3、已知△ABC的面積為,且,則∠A等于 ( )
A.30° B.30°或150° C.60° D.60°或120°
4、某市在“舊城改造”中計劃內一塊如圖所示的三角形空地上種植草皮以美化環境,已知這種草皮每平方米a元,則購買這種草皮至少要( )

A. 450a元 B.225 a元

C. 150a元 D. 300a元
5.△ABC中,∠A、∠B的對邊分別為a,b,且∠A=60°,,那么
滿足條件的△ABC ( )

A.無解 B.有一個解 C.有兩個解 D.不能確定
6、若三條線段的長為5、6、7,則用這三條線段( )
A、能組成直角三角形 B、能組成銳角三角形
C、能組成鈍角三角形 D、不能組成三角形
7.在中,根據下列條件解三角形,其中有兩個解的是(  )
A.,,    B.,, 
C.,,      D.,,
8.在中,如果,那么角等于(  )
A.     B. C.     D.
9.在中,下列命題中正確的是(  )
A.若,則   B.若,則 
C.,,的三角形有一解
D.,,的三角形一定存在
10.在△ABC中,若,,則等于 ( )
A、2 B、 C、 D、
二、填空題
11.在△ABC中,B=1350,C=150,a=5,則此三角形的最大邊長為
12、若,則最小的內角等于 。
13、在等腰三角形 ABC中,已知sinA∶sinB=1∶2,底邊BC=10,則△ABC的周長是 。
14. 在中,,則是 三角形
15、在△ABC中,若∠A:∠B:∠C=1:2:3,則
16、在△ABC中,150°,則b=
17、在△ABC中,A=60°,B=45°,,則a= ;b=
18、已知三角形兩邊長分別為1和,第三邊上的中線長為1,則三角形的外接圓半徑為

三、解答題
19 如圖,在四邊形ABCD中,AC平分∠DAB,∠ABC=600,AC=7,AD=6, S△ADC=,求AB的長.
20已知在中,, 求角C。
21.在△ABC中,已知角A,B,C的對邊分別為a,b,c,且bCosB+cCosC=aCosA,試判斷△ABC的形狀.
22.在△ABC中,已知,A=45°,在BC邊的長分別為20,,5的情況下,求相應角C。
23、(16分)在銳角三角形中,邊a、b是方程x2-2x+2=0的兩根,角A、B滿足: 2sin(A+B)-=0,求角C的度數,邊c的長度及△ABC的面積。

神木中學高二年級寒假作業 (四)

一 選擇題(本題共12個小題,每小題5分,共60分)
1、直線與雙曲線的交點個數是 (  )
A.0 B.1 C.2 D.視m的值而定
2、已知雙曲線方程為,過P(1,0)的直線L與雙曲線只有一個公共點,則L的條數共有(  )
A.4條 B.3條 C.2條 D.1條
3、過拋物線的焦點作一條直線與拋物線相交于A、B兩點,它們的橫坐標之和等于5,則這樣的直線 (  )
A.有且僅有一條 B.有且僅有兩條 C.有無窮多條 D.不存在
4、方程與的曲線在同一坐標系中的示意圖應(  )
A B C D

5、P為雙曲線上一點,為焦點,如果 ,則雙曲線的離心率為(  )
A. B. C. D.
6、直線與拋物線相交于兩點,為焦點,若點的坐標為,則(  )
A. B. C. D。以上均有可能
7、在△ABC中,,,,則過點C,以A,H為兩焦點的雙曲線的離心率為(  ) A、 B、 C、2 D、3
8.橢圓上的點P到它的左準線的距離是10,那么點P 到它的右焦點的距離是( )(A)15 (B)12 (C)10 (D)8
9.橢圓的焦點、,P為橢圓上的一點,已知,則△的面積為( )(A)9 (B)12 (C)10 (D)8
10.橢圓上的點到直線的最大距離是( )
(A)3(B)(C)(D)
11.過拋物線(a>0)的焦點F作一直線交拋物線于P、Q兩點,若線段PF與FQ的長分別為p、q,則等于( )
(A)2a (B) (C) (D)
12. 如果橢圓的弦被點(4,2)平分,則這條弦所在的直線方程是( )(A)(B)(C)(D)
二.填空題(本大題共4個小題,每小題4分,共16分)
1、點M與點F(3,0)的距離比它到直線x+1=0的距離多2,則點M的軌跡方程為_______________
2、過點且被點M平分的雙曲線的弦所在直線方程為 .
3、拋物線上的斜率為2的弦的中點的軌跡方程是________________________
4、是過右焦點的弦,過作右準線的垂線,為垂足,連結交軸于點,則的坐標是________________
5、拋物線上存在兩點關于直線對稱,則的取值范圍是__________________
三 解答題(本大題共6個小題,共74分)
1.已知拋物線的頂點在原點,對稱軸為x軸,拋物線上的點M(-3,m)到焦點的距離為5,求拋物線的方程和m的值。
2、拋物線頂點在原點,它的準線過雙曲線的一個焦點并與雙曲線實軸垂直,已知拋物線與雙曲線的交點為,求拋物線和雙曲線的方程
3、過橢圓左準線上一點與左焦點的連線分別與橢圓交于、兩點,若,,求
4、如圖,P是拋物線上C:y= x2上的一點,直線l過點P且與拋物線C交于另一點Q.
⑴ 若直線l與過點P的切線垂直,求線段PQ中點M的軌跡方程;
⑵ 若直線l不過原點且與x軸交于點S,與y軸交于點T,試求的取值范圍.
5. 已知直線y=ax+1與雙曲線3x2-y2=1交于A、B兩點,(1)若以AB線段為直徑的圓過坐標原點,求實數a的值。(2)是否存在這樣的實數a,使A、B兩點關于直線對稱?說明理由。(10分)

6.設橢圓的左、右頂點分別為A,B,點P在橢圓上且異于A,B兩點,O為坐標原點.
(Ⅰ)若直線AP與BP的斜率之積為,求橢圓的離心率;
(Ⅱ)若|AP|=|OA|,證明直線OP的斜率k滿足
神木中學高二物理寒假作業
《電磁感應》
一、本題共9小題,每小題4分,共36分.在每小題給出的四個選項中,至少有一個選項正確.全部選對的得4分,選不全的得2分,有選錯或不答的得0分.
1、日光燈鎮流器的作用有( )
A.啟動器動、靜片接觸時,鎮流器產生瞬時高壓
B.正常工作時,鎮流器降壓限流保證日光燈正常工作
C.正常工作時,使日光燈管的電壓穩定在220V
D.正常工作時,不準電流通過日光燈管
2、穿過閉合回路的磁通量Φ隨時間t變化的圖像分別如圖甲、乙、丙、丁所示,下列關于回路中產生的感應電動勢的論述,正確的是( )
A.圖甲中回路產生的感應電動勢恒定不變 
B.圖乙中回路產生的感應電動勢一直在變大
C.圖丙中回路在0~t0時間內產生的感應電動勢大于在t0~2t0時間內產生的感應電動勢
D.圖丁中回路產生的感應電動勢可能恒定不變
3、如圖所示,矩形閉合金屬框abcd的平面與勻強磁場垂直,若ab邊受豎直向上的磁場力的作用,則可知線框的運動情況是( )
A.向左平動進入磁場    B.向右平動退出磁場
C.沿豎直方向向上平動   D.沿豎直方向向下平動
4、矩形導線框abcd放在勻強磁場中,在外力控制下靜止不動,磁感線方向與線圈平面垂直,磁感應強度B隨時間變化的圖象如圖甲所示.t=0時刻,磁感應強度的方向垂直紙面向里。在0~4s時間內,線框ab邊受勻強磁場的作用力隨時間變化的圖象(力的方向規定以向左為正方向)是圖中的( )
5、如圖所示,金屬直桿MN和PQ相互平行,構成一個與水平面成α角的導軌,上面放一個質量為m1的金屬棒a。金屬直桿MR和PS相互平行,構成一個與水平面成β角的導軌,上面放一個質量為m2的金屬棒b。金屬棒a和b既與各自導軌垂直,又呈水平狀態。兩導軌的間距相等且足夠長,不計一切摩擦,金屬棒與導軌接觸良好。整個裝置放在豎直向上的勻強磁場中。釋放a和b后,最終它們沿導軌勻速運動。關于a和b的質量,下列關系正確的是( )
A.m1·sinα=m2·sinβ  
B.m1·cosα=m2·cosβ   
C.m1·tanα=m2·tanβ  
D.m1·cotα=m2·cotβ
6、金屬棒MN,在豎直放置的兩根平行導軌上無摩擦地下滑,導軌間串接一個電阻,磁感強度垂直于導軌平面,金屬棒和導軌的電阻不計,設MN下落過程中,電阻R上消耗的最大功率為P,要使R消耗的電功率增大到4P,可采取的方法是( )
A.使MN的質量增大到原來的2倍
B.使磁感強度B增大到原來的2倍
C.使MN和導軌間距同時增大到原來的2倍
D.使電阻R的阻值減到原來的一半
7、如圖所示,abcd是由粗細均勻的電阻絲制成的矩形線框水平放置ιab=2ιad,導體MN有電阻,其電阻大小與ab邊電阻大小相同,可在ab邊及dc邊上無摩擦滑動,且接觸良好。勻強磁場(圖中未畫出)垂直于線框平面,當MN在水平拉力作用下由緊靠ad邊向bc邊勻速滑動的過程中,以下說法中正確的是( )
A.MN中電流先減小后增大 
B.MN兩端電壓先減小后增大
C.作用在MN上的拉力先減小后增大
D.矩形線框中消耗的電功率先減小后增大
8、如圖所示,兩塊水平放置的平行金屬板間距為d;定值電阻的阻值為R,豎直放置的線圈匝數為n,繞制線圈的導線的電阻也為R,其它導線的電阻忽略不計,豎直向上的磁場B穿過線圈,在兩極板中一個質量為m、電荷量為q的帶正電的油滴恰好處于靜止狀態,則磁場B的變化情況是(  )
A.均勻減小,在線圈中的磁通量變化率的大小為2mgd/nq
B.均勻減小,在線圈中的磁通量變化率的大小為mgd/nq
C.均勻增大,在線圈中的磁通量變化率的大小為2mgd/nq
D.均勻增大,在線圈中的磁通量變化率的大小為mgd/nq
9、如圖所示,在方向垂直向里,磁感應強度為B的勻強磁場區域中有一個由均勻導線制成的單匝矩形線框abcd,線框以恒定的速度v沿垂直磁場方向向右運動,運動中線框dc邊始終與磁場右邊界平行,線框邊長ad=l,cd=2l。線框導線的總電阻為R。則線框離開磁場的過程中( )
A.流過線框截面的電量為 B.線框中的電流在ad邊產生的熱量為
C.線框所受安培力的合力為 D.ad間的電壓為
二、填空題 (毎空6分,共36分)
10.如圖所示,把一根條形磁鐵從同樣高度插到線圈中同樣的位置處,第一次快插,第二次慢插,兩情況下線圈中產生的感應電動勢的大小關系是E1____E2;通過線圈截面電量的大小關系是ql____q2.
11.金屬桿ABC處于磁感強度B=0.1T的勻強磁場中,磁場方向垂直紙面向里。已知AB=BC=20cm,當金屬桿在圖中標明的速度方向運動時,測得A、C兩點間的電勢差是3.0V,則可知移動速度v=____,其中A、B兩點間的電勢差UAB____.
12.如圖19所示的電路,L1和L2是兩個相同的小電珠,L是一個自感系數相當大的線圈,其電阻與R相同,由于存在自感現象,在電鍵S接通時,____燈先達到最亮;S斷開時,____燈先熄滅.
三、本題共3小題,滿分36分.解答應寫出必要的文字說明、方程式和重要演算步驟.
13、(12分)如圖所示,abcd是由粗裸銅導線連接兩個定值電阻組成的閉合矩形導體框,水平放置,金屬棒ef與ab及cd邊垂直,并接觸良好,空間存在著勻強磁場,磁感應強度大小為B,方向豎直向下,已知電阻R1=2R,R2=3R,其它部分的電阻都可忽略不計,ab及cd邊相距為L。給ef棒施加一個跟棒垂直的恒力F,求(1)ef棒做勻速運動時的速度多大?
(2)當ef棒做勻速運動時,電阻R1消耗的電功率多大?


14、(16分)如圖,光滑平行的水平金屬導軌MN、PQ相距l,在M點和P點間接一個阻值為R的電阻,在兩導軌間OO1O1′O′矩形區域內有垂直導軌平面豎直向下、寬為d的 勻強磁場,磁感強度為B。一質量為m,電阻為r的導體棒ab,垂直擱在導軌上,與磁場左邊界相距l0。現用一大小為F、水平向右的恒力拉ab棒,使它由靜止開始運動,棒ab在離開磁場前已經做勻速直線運動(棒ab與導軌始終保持良好的接觸,導軌電阻不計)。求:
(1)棒ab在離開磁場右邊界時的速度;(2)棒ab通過磁場區的過程中整個回路所消耗的電能;
神木中學高二物理寒假作業
磁場
一.選擇題:
1.下面關于磁感線的說法中正確的是:( )
A.磁感線從磁體的N極出發,終止于磁體的S極
B.小磁針靜止時,南極所指的方向,就是那一點的磁場方向
C.不論在什么情況下,磁感線都不會相交
D.鐵屑在磁場中分布所形成的曲線就是磁感線
2.關干磁感應強度B,電流強度I和電流所受磁場力F的關系,下面說法中正確的是(  )
A.在B為零的地方,F一定為零
B.在F為零的地方,B一定為零
C.F不為零時,其方向一定垂直于B也垂直于I的方向
D.F不為零時,B與I的方向不一定垂直
3.一束粒子沿水平方向飛過小磁針的下方,如圖所示,此時小磁針的S極向紙內偏轉,這一束粒子不可能的是 ( )
A.向右飛行的正離子束 B、向左飛行的負離子束
C、向右飛行的電子束 D、向左飛行的電子束
4.兩根非常靠近且相互垂直的長直導線分別通以相同強度的電流,方向如圖3所示,那么兩電流所產生的磁場垂直導線平面向內且最強的在哪個區域:( )
A.區域1 B.區域2
C.區域3 D.區域4
5.如圖所示是磁場對直線電流的作用力判斷,其中正確是( )
6.質量為m的通電細桿ab置于傾角為θ的導軌上,導軌寬度為d,桿ab與導軌間的摩擦因數為μ,有電流時,ab恰好在導軌上靜止,如圖14甲所示,它的四個側視圖A、B、C、D中,標出了四種可能的勻強磁場方向,其中桿的與導軌之間的摩擦力可能為零的圖是(  )
7. 如圖所示, 在水平放置的光滑絕緣桿ab上, 掛有兩個相同的金屬環M和N.當兩環均通以圖示的相同方向的電流時,分析下列說法中,哪種說法正確 ( )
A.兩環靜止不動
B.兩環互相靠近
C.兩環互相遠離
D.兩環同時向左運動
8.如圖4所示,勻強電場方向豎直向上,勻強磁場的方向垂直紙面向外。有一正離子(不計重力),恰能沿直線從左向右水平飛越此區域.則( )
A.若電子從右向左水平飛入,電子也沿直線運動
B.若電子從右向左水平飛入,電子將向上偏
C.若電子從右向左水平飛入,電子將向下偏
D.若電子從右向左水平飛入,電子將向外偏
9. 如圖所示,a和b是從A點以相同的動能射入勻強磁場的兩個帶等量電荷的粒子運動的半圓形徑跡,(不計重力)已知其半徑ra=2rb,則由此可知( )
A、兩粒子均帶正電,質量比ma:mb=1:4
B、兩粒子均帶負電,質量比ma:mb=1:4
C、兩粒子均帶正電,質量比ma:mb=4:1
D、兩粒子均帶負電,質量比ma:mb=4:1
10.如圖所示,兩個半徑相同的半圓形光滑軌道置于豎直平面內,左右兩端點等高,分別處于沿水平方向的勻強電場和勻強磁場中。兩個相同的帶正電小球同時從兩軌道左端最高點由靜止釋放。M、N為軌道的最低點,則下列說法中正確的是( )
A.兩個小球到達軌道最低點的速度vMB.兩個小球第一次經過軌道最低點時對軌道的壓力FM>FN
C.小球第一次到達M點的時間大于小球第一次到達N點的時間
D.在磁場中小球能到達軌道的另一端最高處,在電場中小球不能到達軌道另一端最高處
11.回旋加速器是加速帶電粒子的裝置,其核心部分是分別與高頻交流電極相連接的兩個D形金屬盒,兩盒間的狹縫中形成的周期性變化的電場,使粒子在通過狹縫時都能得到加速,兩D形金屬盒處于垂直于盒底的勻強磁場中,如圖6所示,要增大帶電粒子射出時的動能,則下列說法中正確的是( )
A.增大勻強電場間的加速電壓 B.增大磁場的磁感應強度
C.減小狹縫間的距離 D.增大D形金屬盒的半徑
二.計算題:
12.如圖所示,在豎直平面內有一個正交的勻強電場和勻強磁場磁感應強度為1T,電場強度為N/C。一個帶正電的微粒,q=2×10-6C,質量m=2×10-6kg,在這正交的電場和磁場內恰好做勻速直線運動,則帶電粒子運動的速度大小多大?方向如何?


13.如圖所示,只有在的區域中,存在著垂直于紙面的、磁感應強度為B0的勻強磁場,一個質量為m、帶電量為的帶電粒子(不計重力),從坐標原點O以初速度沿著與軸正向成300角的方向垂直于磁場方向進入。求該帶電粒子離開磁場的位置以及方向
14.如圖52所示,帶正電量為q的液滴,處在水平方向的勻強磁場中,磁感應強度為B,液滴運動速度為v,若要液滴在豎直平面內做半徑為R的勻速圓周運動,則:
(1)所施加勻強電場的電場強度大小和方向如何?
(2)液滴的繞行方向怎樣?
15.一帶電量為+q,質量為m的粒子由靜止經加速電場(加速電壓為U)加速后,垂直進入相互垂直的勻強電場和勻強磁場,電場E方向豎直向下,磁場方向垂直紙面向里,測出該粒子離開場區時的速度大小為V(不計重力),運動軌跡如圖。求粒子離開場區時偏離原方向的距離d。
神木中學高二物理寒假作業
《簡諧運動》
班級 姓名 分數
一、單選題(共16小題,每小題3分,共48分。每小題提供的四個選項中,只有一個是正確的)
1.單擺振動的回復力是: [ ]
A.擺球所受的重力 B.擺球重力在垂直懸線方向上的分力
C.懸線對擺球的拉力 D.擺球所受重力和懸線對擺球拉力的合力
2.做簡諧振動的質點每相鄰兩次經過同一位置時,不相同的物理量是:[ ]
A.速度 B. 位移 C. 動能 D.加速度
3. 在同一地點,兩個單擺的擺長之比為1:4,則它們的頻率之比為:[ ]
A. 1:4 B. 1:2 C. 4:1 D.2:1
4.一個做簡諧運動的質點,它的振幅是4cm,頻率是2Hz。該質點從平衡位置開始經過1s時,位移的大小和所通過的路程分別為 : [ ]
A.0cm,16cm B.4cm,32cm C.0,32cm D.4cm,16cm
5.若單擺的擺長不變,擺球的質量增加為原來的4倍,擺球經過平衡位置時的速度減為原來的1/2,則單擺振動的 :[ ]
A. 頻率不變,振幅不變 B.頻率改變,振幅變大
C.頻率改變,振幅不變 D.頻率不變,振幅變小
6. 水平放置的彈簧振子,質量是0.2kg,當它做簡諧運動時,運動到平衡位置左側2cm時,受到的回復力是4N,當它運動到平衡位置右側4cm時,它的加速度的大小和方向分別是: [ ]
 A、20m/s2,向右 B、20m/s2,向左  C、40m/s2,向左   D、40m/s2,向右
7. 單擺簡諧振動過程中,當擺球在位移最大處時:[ ]
A、速度最小,勢能最大,繩中張力最大B、速度最大,勢能最小,繩中張力最小
C、速度最小,勢能最大,繩中張力最小
D、速度最大,勢能最小,繩中張力最大
8、彈簧振子在做簡諧運動時:[ ]
A、加速度大小和位移大小成正比,方向相反
B、加速度大小和位移大小成正比,方向相同
C、速度和位移大小成正比,方向相同
D、速度和位移大小成正比,方向相反
9、單擺的周期在下列何種情況時會增大:[ ]
A、增大擺球質量       B、減小擺長
C、把單擺從赤道移到北極   D、把單擺從海平面移到高山
10. 對做簡諧運動的物體來說,當它通過平衡位置時,具有最大值的是:[ ]
 A、加速度   B、勢能 C、動能    D、回復力
11. 一個彈簧振子,第一次用力把彈簧壓縮x后開始振動,第二次把彈簧壓縮2x后開始振動,則兩次振動的周期之比和最大加速度的大小之比分別為:[ ]
A、1:2,1:2   B、1:1,1:1 C、1:1,1:2   D、1:2,1:1
12. 共振現象是: [ ]
 A、發生在受迫振動中,策動力的頻率遠大于物體的固有頻率,振幅最大
 B、發生在簡諧運動中,策動力的頻率等于物體的固有頻率,振幅最大
 C、發生在受迫振動中,策動力的頻率等于物體的固有頻率,振幅最大
 D、發生在受迫振動中,策動力的頻率遠小于物體的固有頻率,振幅最大
13. 受迫振動的周期:[ ]
A、跟物體的固有周期相等 B、跟策動力的周期相等
C、跟策動力的大小有關 D、跟策動力的周期及物體的固有周期都有關
14. 簡諧運動的物體,回復力和位移的關系圖是下面所給四個圖象中的哪一個?
   [ ]     A      B     C     D
15. 如圖所示,固定曲面AC是一段半徑為4.0米的光滑圓弧形成的,圓弧與水平方向相切于A點,AB=10厘米,現將一小物體先后從斜面頂端C和斜面圓弧部分中點D處由靜止釋放,到達斜曲面低端時速度分別為V1和V2,所需時間為t1和t2,以下說法正確的是:
A.V1> V2 , t1 = t2
B.V1> V2 , t1 > t2 C
C.V1D.V1 t2
A B
16.自由擺動的秋千,擺動的幅度越來越小,在這個過程中,下列說法正確的是:[ ]
機械能守恒 B、總能量守恒,減少的機械能轉化為內能
C、總能量不斷地消失 D、只有動能和重力勢能的相互轉化
二、多選題(共5小題,每小題4分,共20分。每小題提供的四個選項中,至少有一個是正確的)
17.一個質點作簡諧運動,其運動圖象如圖示,下列說法中正確的是:[ ]
A、振動周期為4s
B、振動頻率為0.25Hz
C、質點在8s內通過的路程為40cm
D、5s末質點的位移為零.
18、一水平的彈簧振子,以平衡位置O點為中心,在A、B兩點間作簡諧振動,則: [ ]
振子在O點的速度和加速度都達到最大
振子的速度減小時,位移就增大
振子的加速度減小時,速度值一定變小
D、振子的速度方向與加速度方向可能相同,可能相反
19.如圖為某質點的簡諧運動圖象: [ ]
當t=1s時,速度為正的最大,加速度為零;
B、當t=1s時,加速度為負的最大,速度為零:
C、當t=2s時,速度為負的最大,加速度為零;
當t=2s時,速度為正的最大,加速度為零。
20.兩個單擺都作簡諧振動,在同一地點甲擺振動20次時,乙擺振動了40次,則:
A、甲、乙擺的振動周期之比為1:2 B、甲、乙擺的振動周期之比為2:1 [ ]
C、甲、乙擺的擺長之比為1:4 D、甲、乙擺的擺長之比為4:1
21、關于簡諧運動的位移、速度、加速度的關系,下列說法正確的是: [ ]
A、位移增大時,加速度增大,速度減小
B、位移方向總是跟速度方向相同,跟加速度方向相反
C、物體的運動方向背離平衡位置時,速度方向跟位移方向相同
D、物體的運動方向指向平衡位置時,速度方向跟位移方向相同
三、填空題(共5小題,每題4分,共20分)
22. 兩個擺長相同的單擺,擺球質量之比是4:1,在不同地域振動,當甲擺振動4次的同時,乙擺恰振動5次,則甲、乙二擺所在地區重力加速度之比為 。
24、做簡諧運動的彈簧振子的振幅是A,最大加速度的值為a0,那么在位移x=A處,振子的加速度值a=__________a0。
25、將一個水平方向的彈簧振子從它的平衡位置向旁邊拉開5cm,然后無初速釋放,假如這振子振動的頻率為5Hz,則振子的周期為 ,振子在0.8s內一共通過的路為 。
26、做簡諧運動的單擺,當擺球做加速運動時,是__________能不斷轉化為__________能,在做減速運動時,是__________能不斷轉化為__________能。
四、計算題
27、(6分)汽車在一條起伏不平的公路上行駛,路面上凸起處相隔的距離大約都是16m,汽車的車身是裝在彈簧上,當汽車以8m/s的速度行駛時,車身起伏振動得最激烈,則彈簧的固有頻率是多少?
   
28、(6分)在相同時間內單擺甲做了n1=10次全振動,單擺乙做了n2=6次全振動,兩個單擺的擺長差△L=16cm,試求擺長L1和L2各為多少cm?
   
   
神木中學高二物理寒假作業
綜合考題
一、選擇題(每小題4分,共52分;每小題給出的四個選項中,有一個或多個選項符合題意,全部選對的得4分,選對但不全的得3分,有選錯或不選的得0分。)
1.中央電視臺《焦點訪談》多次報道某些邊遠落后農村電價過高,農民負擔過重.其中客觀原因是電網陳舊老化,近年來進行了農村電網改造。為了減少遠距離輸電線路上的電能損耗而降低電費價格,以下措施中切實可行的是
A.提高輸送功率 B.應用超導材料做輸電線
C.提高輸電電壓 D.減小輸電導線的橫截面積
2.許多樓道照明燈具有這樣的功能:天黑時,出現聲音它就開啟;而在白天,即使有聲音它也沒有反應,它的控制電路中可能接入的傳感器是
A.溫度傳感器 B.光傳感器 C.聲音傳感器 D.熱傳感器
3. 閉合線圈的匝數為n,所圍面積為S,總電阻為R,在時間內穿過每匝線圈的磁通量變化為△Φ,則通過導線橫截面的電荷量為
A. B. C. D.
4.電感和電容對交流電的阻礙作用的大小不但跟電感、電容本身有關,還跟交流電的頻率有關,下列說法中正確的是
A.電感是通直流、阻交流,通高頻、阻低頻
B.電容是通直流、阻交流,通高頻、阻低頻
C.電感是通直流、阻交流,通低頻、阻高頻
D.電容是通交流、隔直流,通低頻、阻高頻
5. 一交變電流的電壓表達式為u=100 sin120πt (V),由此表達式可知:
A.用電壓表測該電壓其示數為100 V
B.該交變電壓的頻率為60Hz
C.將該電壓加在100Ω的電阻兩端,則該電阻消耗的電功率為100 W
D.t =1/480 s時,該交流電壓的瞬時值為50 V
6. 某一電熱器接在U=110V的直流電源上,每秒產生的熱量為Q;現把它改接到交流電源上,每秒產生的熱量為2Q,則該交流電壓的最大值Um是
A.110V B.110V C.220V D.220V
7. 如圖所示,兩條平行虛線之間存在勻強磁場,虛線間的距離為l,磁場方向垂直紙面向里,abcd是位于紙面內的梯形線圈,ad與bc間的距離也為l,t=0時刻,bc邊與磁場區域左邊界重合。現令線圈以向右的恒定速度v沿垂直于磁場區域邊界的方向穿過磁場區域,取沿a→b→c→d→a方向的感應電流為正,則在線圈穿越磁場區域的過程中,感應電流I隨時間t變化的圖線是
8.如圖所示,理想變壓器的副線圈上通過輸電線接有兩個相同的燈泡L1和L2,輸電線的等效電阻為R,開始時,開關S斷開,當開關S接通時,下列說法中正確的是
A.副線圈兩端M、N的輸出電壓減小
B.副線圈輸電線等效電阻R上的電壓降增大
C.通過燈泡L1的電流減小
D.原線圈上電流增大
9. 如圖所示,帶鐵芯的電感線圈的電阻與電阻器R的阻值相同,A1和A2是兩個完全相同的電流表,則下列說法中正確的是
A.閉合S瞬間,電流表A1示數小于A2示數
B.閉合S瞬間,電流表A1示數等于A2示數
C.斷開S瞬間,電流表A1示數大于A2示數
D.斷開S瞬間,電流表A1示數等于A2示數
10. 將阻值為5Ω的電阻接到內阻不計的交流電源上,電源電動勢隨時間變化的規律如圖所示,下列說法中正確的是
A. 電路中交變電流的頻率為25Hz
B. 通過電阻的電流為A
C. 用交流電壓表測得電阻兩端的電壓為5V
D. 電阻消耗的電功率為2.5W
11、電阻R、電容C與一線圈連成閉合電路,條形磁
鐵靜止于線圈的正上方,N極朝下,如圖所示.現使磁
鐵開始自由下落,在N極接近線圈上端的過程中,流過
R的電流方向和電容器極板的帶電情況是 ( )
A.從a到b,上極板帶正電
B.從a到b,下極板帶正電
C.從b到a,上極板帶正電
D.從b到a,下極板帶正電
二、填空實驗題
12、如圖11所示是一交流電壓隨時間變化的圖象,此交流的周期為_ __s,交流電壓的有效值為___ __V。
13、總質量為M的火箭模型 從飛機上釋放時的速度為v0,速度方向水平。火箭向后以相對于地面的速率u噴出質量為m的燃氣后,火箭本身的速度變為___ __。
14、鋁的逸出功是4.2eV,現在將波長為200nm的光照射鋁的表面,那光電子的最大初動能是___ __,遏止電壓是___ __ ,鋁的截止頻率是___ __ 。
15.(4分)如圖所示為“研究電磁感應現象”的實驗裝置。
(1)將圖中所缺的導線補接完整。
(2)如果在閉合電鍵時發現靈敏電流計的指針向右偏了一下,那么合上電鍵后,以下操作中可能出現的情況是:
A.將A線圈迅速插入B線圈時,靈敏電流計指針將向______(填“左”或“右”)偏一下;
B.A線圈插入B線圈后,將滑動變阻器觸頭迅速向左拉時,靈敏電流計指針將向______(填“左”或“右”)偏一下。
三、計算題(本題共4小題,共36分。解答應寫出必要的文字說明、方程式和重要的演算步驟,只寫最后答案的不給分,有數值計算的題,答案中必須明確寫出數值和單位。)
16.(9分)如圖所示,水平放置的平行金屬導軌MN和PQ,相距L =0.50 m,導軌左端接一電阻 R = 0.20Ω,磁感應強度B = 0.40T的勻強磁場方向垂直于導軌平面,導體棒ac垂直導軌放在導軌上,并能無摩擦地沿導軌滑動,導軌和導體棒的電阻均可忽略不計。當ac棒以v = 4.0 m/s的速度水平向右勻速滑動時,求:
(1)ac棒中感應電動勢的大小;
(2)回路中感應電流的大小和方向;
(3)維持ac棒做勻速運動的水平外力F的大小和方向。
17(10分)打樁機的重錘質量為m1=150kg,樁的質量為m2=100kg,錘在高為h1=0.8m的高處自由下落,假設錘打到樁后,錘反彈的高度為h2=0.4m,這一過程時間極短,樁在進入泥土過程受到的阻力恒為F=5000N,則求:樁進入泥土多深?(取g = 10m/s2)
18.(11分)如圖所示,導線框abcd固定在豎直平面內,導線框ab和dc的寬度為l,bc段的電阻為R,其它電阻均可忽略。ef是一電阻可忽略的水平放置的導電桿,桿的質量為m,桿的兩端分別與ab和cd保持良好接觸,且能沿導線框ab和dc無摩擦地滑動,磁感應強度為B的勻強磁場方向與框面垂直。現用一恒力F豎直向上拉導體桿ef,當導體桿ef上升高度為h時,導體桿ef恰好勻速上升,求:
(1)此時導體桿ef勻速上升的速度v的大小;
(2)導體桿ef上升h的整個過程中產生的焦耳熱Q的大小。
英語 (試卷一)
第一部分:英語知識運用(共四節,滿分55分)
語音知識(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
從每小題的A、B、C、D四個選項中,找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
again A. cabbage B. narrow C. famous D. tradition
2. custom A. measure B. upstairs C. respect D. sugar
3. twice A. machine B. invite C. terrible D. bitter
4. doubt A. amount B. trouble C. shoulder D. group
5. north A. thunder B. worthy C. neither D. clothes
情景對話(共5小題:每小題1分,滿分5分)
根據對話情景和內容,從對話后所給的選項中選出能填入每一空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。選項中有兩個為多余選項。
Tom : Hi, Cathy. ___6___
Cathy: I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet. What about you?
Tom : 7 If it’s fine, we’ll go camping. Would you like to join us?
Cathy: I’d like to, but the deadline for my project is next Monday.
Tom : What a pity! 8
Cathy: Yes, please. Can you suggest any good reference books?
Tom : You may want to read Origins of the Internet and The Digital Future.
Cathy: I’m reading the two books. 9
Tom : Go to the Science Museum website, and you’ll find lots of up-to-date information.
Cathy: Good idea. Thanks for your help.
Tom : 10
A. Never mind. B. Don’t mention it.
C. Any other suggestions? D. Will you come next time?
E. It depends on the weather. F. Anything I can do for you ?
G. What are you up to this weekend?
第三節 語法和詞匯知識(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
從每小題的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
12.His first novel good reviews since it came out last month.
A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received
13.As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is biggest developing countryin the world.
A. the ;不填 B. 不填 ;the C. the ;the D. 不填;不填
14.Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
15.I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
16.-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear ?
- one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
17.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
18. Jack,you seem in high spirits.
--____________We won the match 4-0.
A. Guess what? B. So what? C. No wonder. D. No doubt.
19.__________________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
20.More highways have been built in China, __it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
21.—We can give you a ride into town.
--_________Thank you.
A. Yes, why not? B. Oh, it would be my pleasure.
C. Yes, please. D. Oh, that would be great.
22.I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
23.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
24.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
--OK. You ________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might B. must C. could D. shall
25.Some insects ________the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out
第四節 完形填空(共20小題:每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出合適填入對應空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty (貧困),and only the rich could manage without great _26_. Three of those rich men and their servants were_27_together on a road when they came to a very_28_village.
The first could not stand seeing the poverty, _29 he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四輪載重馬車) and shared _30 out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.
The second rich man ,seeing the _31 situation, stopped for a short time and gave _32 all his food and drink, since he _33 see that money would be of little _34 to them. He made sure that they each _35 their fair share and would have enough food to _36 for some time . Then, he left. The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, _37 and went straight through the _38 without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other_39 the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was _40 that they themselves had been there to offer help.
However, three days later, they 41 the third rich man ,who was coming in the opposite direction . He was 42 travelling quickly, but his wagons, 43 the gold and valuables they had been 44 ,were now full of farming tools and bags of 45 .He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.
26. A. loss B. expectations C. success D. problems
27. A. standing B. travelling C. gathering D. running
28. A. faraway B. poor C. different D. ancient
29. A. unless B. because C. so D. if
30. A. them B. anything C. nothing D. those
31. A. curious B. worrying C. dangerous D. puzzling
32. A. the villagers B. his servants C. the others D. the rest
33. A. could B. might C. should D. must
34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction
35. A. returned B. gained C. offered D. received
36.A.remain B. last C. supply D. share
37.A.turned back B. set out C. showed off D. speeded up
38.A.village B. land C. field D. road
39.A.whether B. how C. where D. when
40.A.good B. certain C. true D. strange
41.A.welcomed B. met C. accepted D. persuaded
42.A.still B. already C. always D. indeed
43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with
44.A. loading B. treasuring C. carrying D. earning
45.A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds
第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節,滿分40分)
第一節(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
閱讀些列四篇短文,從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出你最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
A
HOW TO BOOK
By phone:
Call Ticketmaster 24 hr Booking Line
on 0844 847 2484
Online:
www.PalaceandOperaHouse.org.uk
or www.ticketmaster.co.uk
In Person:
The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre,
Oxford Street. Manchester, Ml 6FT
(Mon Sat 10am-8pm)
By Post:
Stating the performance and choice of seats ,enclosing(附寄)a cheque , postal order ,or your credit card details to The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre , Oxford Street , Manchester , Ml 6FT . Please enclose a stamped addressed envelope.
Save pounds on tickets NOW!
Join Live Nation’s Card for just £30 a year and enjoy a whole range of discounts and benefits .You’ll save money from the first time you use your Live Card—not just on tickets ,but on programmes and reduced booking fees . Live Card members often join the audience on opening nights or enjoy generous discounts throughout the run of a show.
Call 0844 499 6699 to join Live Card today.
By getting together as a group of 10 or more you can save money on tickets for your favourite shows.
Group bookers benefit from a direct free telephone booking line, and don’t pay booking fees .Invitations to parties and book-now-pay-later programmes are all part of our great service to group bookers. Join the hundreds of people already taking advantage of our group booking.
Call 0800 587 5007 to talk to one of our group booking assistants about your group visit to the Palace Theatre or Opera House.
For further information please call 0161 245 6609.
46.If you want to join Live Card to save money on tickets, you can call .
A.0844 847 2484 B.0800 587 5007
C.0844 499 6699 D.0161 245 6609
47.How can you pay for a ticket when you book by post?
A. By visiting the website of a post office.
B. By going to your local bank in person.
C. By enclosing your Live Card in an envelope.
D. By providing your credit card information.
48.What benefit can group bookers enjoy according to the text?
A. Delayed payment for tickets. B. Invitations to opening nights.
C. Reduced booking fees by phone D. Generous discounts on tickets.
B
Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies’ two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities(設備) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgrum. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military’s Medal by the French government. In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taugh him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(輻射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.
49.Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?
A. Because she received a degree in mathematics. B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded. C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic. D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.
50.Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederio joliot?
A. At the Curie Institute. B. At the Cniversity of Paris. C. At a military hospital. D. At the College of Sevigne.
51.When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?
A. In 1932. B. In 1927. C. In 1897. D. In 1926.
52. In which of the following aspects was Irene Cuire different from her mother? A. Irene worked with radioactivity. B. Irene combined family and career. C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once D. Irene died from leukemia.
C
In early autumn I applied for admission to college. I wanted to go nowhere but to Cornell University, but my mother fought strongly against it. When she saw me studying a photograph of my father on the sports ground of Cornell, she tore it up.
“You can’t say it’s not a great university, just because Papa went there.”
“That’s not it at all. And it is a top university.” She was still holding the pieces in her hand. “But we can’t afford to send you to college.”
“I wouldn’t dream of asking you for money. Do you want me to get a job to help support you and Papa? Things aren’t that bad, are they?”
“No,” she said. “I don’t expect you to help support us.”
Father borrowed money form his rich cousins to start a small jewellery shop, His chief customers were his old college friends. To get new customers, my mother had to help. She picked up a long-forgotten membership in the local league of women, so that she could get to know more people. Whether those people would turn into customers was another question. I knew that my Parents had to wait for quite a long time before their small investment (投資) could show returns. What’s more ,they had not wanted enough to be rich and successful ;otherwise they could not possibly have managed their lives so badly.
I was torn between the desire to help them and change their lives, and the determination not to repeat their mistakes. I had a strong belief in my power to go what I wanted. After months of hard study I won a full college scholarship(獎學金).My father could hardly contain his pride in me, and my mother eventually gave in before my success.
53.The author was not allowed to go to Cornell University mainly because .
A.his father graduated from the university
B.his mother did not think it a great university
C.his parents needed him to help support the family
D.his parents did not have enough money for him
54.The father started his small shop with the money from .
A. a local league B. his university
C. his relatives D. his college friends
55.Why did the mother renew her membership in the league?
A. To help with her husband’s business B. To raise money for her son
C. To meet her long-forgotten friends D. To better manage her life
56.According to the text, what was the author determined to do in that autumn?
A.To get a well-paid job for himself
B.To improve relations with his mother
C.To go to his dream university
D.To carry on with his father’s business
D
Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM, 轉基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solution?
Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潛力)of any crop. In fact, studies show that the most widely grown GM crop.
GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.
Something else, however, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(殺蟲劑). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.
At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.
57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly .
A. by classification B. by comparison
C. by example D. by process
58. What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A. Control. B. Evaluate C. Obtain. D. Increase.
59. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______________.
A. practicing “green” farming B. use of less chemicals
C. fair distribution of their crops D. using more crops for fuel
60. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?
A. Optimistic B. Defensive C. Disapproving D. Casual
第二節(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)
根據短文內容,從下框A~F選項中選出能概括每段主題的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。選項中有一項為多余項。
A. A sense of humour is not an inborn ability.
B. A sense of humour can be developed in our life.
C. A sense of humour helps us from several aspects.
D. A sense of humour means more than telling jokes.
E. A sense of humour can be expressed in many ways.
F. A sense of humour helps people to better enjoy life.
61.As awareness of the benefits of humour increases, most of us want to get all the langhs we can. It seems that almost every day there is another new discovery about the power of humour to help us physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Every system of the body responds to langhter in some important or positive way .
62.Many pcople mistakenly believe that we are born with a sense of humour. They think that when it comes to a sense of humour. “either you have got it or you don't .” This is false! What is true, however, is that the ability to laugh and smile is actually something we are born with. For example, we laugh when we are tickled under the arm, even without thinking about how to react.
63. The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth in human infants, but that is not the same thing as having a sense of humour. (After all, when a baby laughs in his small bed we don’t rush over and say, “That kid has a great sense of humour!”) Your sense of humour is something you can develop over a lifetime. Don’t be nervous before others and try to laugh at yourself-then you will make them laugh too.
64.Humour includes a lot more than laughing and joke telling. Many people worry needlessly that they do not have a good sense of humour because they are not good joke tellers. More than jokes, a sense of humour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of life’s situations as they happen. In fact, one of the best definitions(定義)of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”
65.There may be a thousand different ways to express your sense of humour, but joke telling is only one of those ways. As more is discovered about how humour benefits our life, more people will be able to see and enjoy the humour when they are in a difficult situation. Life depends on air, food and water, but it is made easier to live with a good sense of humour.
第三部分: 寫作(共三節,滿分55分)
第一節 單詞拼寫(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
根據下列各句句意和空白之后的漢語提示詞,在答題卡指定區域的橫線上寫出對應單詞的正確、完整形式,每空只寫一詞。
66. The smell of _____ (新鮮的)bread and frying eggs filled the kitchen.
67. He has devoted his whole life to world _________ (和平).
68. Alexander Graham Bell became famous overnight by ___(發明)the telephone.
69. Several companies have announced their intention to ____ (競爭)for the construction project.
70. Both my parents were born in ___ (十月),but five years apart.
71. The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they __ (消失) within a few days.
72. Christophe Pires was born and brought up in France, but he speaks English _ (流利地).
73. Among the many (業余愛好) of his are reading, music and tennis.
74. Sue Wood was only nine when her first short story was .(出版).
75. I have an (道歉) to make to you—I’m afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
第二節 短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(﹨)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線(___),并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。
注意:1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。
Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor.
I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in the front of me! I
couldn’t believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
第三節 書面表達(滿分30分)
假定你是中學生李華。在一位名叫TigerMom的學生家長的博客上,你看到如下內容。請你根據博客內容、寫作要點和要求,給這位家長回復。
I’m the mother of a fourteen-year-old. I have a rule for my daughter: be among the top 5 students or get punished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school, but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong?
寫作要點:
1.表明自己的看法;
2.陳述自己的理由(可舉例說明);
3.提出至少兩條建議
要求:
1.短文須寫在答題卡的指定區域。 2.短文詞數不少于100(不含已寫好的部分)。
3.內容充實,結構完整,語意連貫。 4.書寫須需清晰、工整。
Hi,TigerMom,
What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is
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英語 (試卷三)
第一部分 英語知識運用(共四節,滿分55分)
語音知識(共5小題,每小題1分,滿分5分)
從每小題的A、B、C、D四個選項中,找出所給單詞的正確讀音,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
第二節 情景對話(共5小題,每小題1分,滿分5分)
根據對話情景和內容,從對話后所給的選項中選出能填入每一空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。選項中有兩個為多余選項。
Jerry: Hi, Mike. Look like you’ve got some sun.
Mike: I guess so. I spent the weekend on the beach.
Jerry: Really? That sounds exciting. 6
Mike: At my friend’s house. He invited me to stay there for as long as I wanted.
Jerry: 7
Mike: Oh, I have a paper to work on.
Jerry: 8 I mean besides lying out in the sun.
Mike: I played some volleyball. I never realized how hard it is to run on sand.
Jerry: 9 Did you go swimming?
Mike: I intended to. 10 So I just went fishing.
Jerry: All sounds so relaxing.
A. What a pity! B. It must be cool.
C. Where did you stay? D. But how did you get there?
E. So what else did you do out there? F. But the water wasn’t warm enough
G. Then why not stay there for a longer time?
第三節 語法和詞匯知識(共15小題,每小題1分,滿分15分)
從每小題的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
12. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than _______ in any other area of the city.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
13. —What’s the noise ? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.
—_______. It must be the window-cleaner working, next door.
A. I’m not sure B. I hope not C. I’d rather not D. I don’t think so
14. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _______ you, I suppose.
A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about
15. If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
16. _______ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
17. John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
18. It never occurred to me _______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which B. what C. that D. if
19. His first book _______ next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
20. John thinks it won’t be long _______ he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
21. I have to see the doctor because I _______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed
C. coughed D. cough
22. Studies show that people are more _______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure
23. —May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you _______. You read it in here.
A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
24. It is reported that many a new house _______ at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
25. —What a fine day! Shall we go picnicking?
—_______. But we need to be home before six o’clock for the football match.
A. Have a nice time B. Pardon me
C. That’s great D. You are right
第四節 完形填空(共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出適合填入對應空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.
I was on my lunch break and had 26 the office to get something to eat. On the way, I 27 a busker (街頭藝人), with a hat in front of him. I had some 28 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29 use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. He 30 like that type-young and ragged. 31 what was I going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I then 32 I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking.
I 34 and dropped all the coins into his 35 , and he smiled at me, I watched for a while. As 36 as it sounds, I expected something more to come from that moment—a feeling of 37 or satisfaction, for example. But nothing happened. 38 , I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of 39 ,” I thought.
On my way home at the end of the 40 , I saw the busker again and he was 41 . I watched him pick up the hat and walk 42 a cafe counter. There he poured the 43 contents into a tin collecting 44 an earthquake fund-raising (募捐) event. He was busking for charity (慈善)!
Now I donate any 45 I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving.
26. A. left B. cleaned C. prepared D. searched
27. A. led B. chose C. saw D. fooled
28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs
29. A. almost B. only C. rather D. still
30. A. acted B. looked C. sounded D. smelt
31. A. Though B. For C. Therefore D. But
32. A. declared B. realized C. expected D. guessed
33. A. it B. all C. him D. them
34. A. waited B. followed C. stopped D. arrived
35. A. rag B. hat C. pocket D. counter
36. A. selfish B. awkward C. innocent D. special
37. A. happiness B. sadness C. love D. hate
38. A. Disappointedly B. Unfortunately
C. Coincidentally D. Comfortably
39. A. words B. effort C. space D. money
40. A. moment B. day C. break D. event
41. A. walking around B. passing by
C. packing up D. running off
42. A. around B. in C. behind D. to
43. A. chief B. basic C. actual D. total
44. A. by B. for C. on D. with
45. A. work B. time C. energy D. change
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節,滿分40分)
(共15小題,每小題2分,滿分30分)
閱讀下列四篇短文,從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。
A
Ask Dr ? Jeffers
This month Dr. Jeffers is answering questions about the human brain and how it works.
Dear Dr. Jeffers,
One of my colleagues, Felix Moeller, told me that scientists are learning to use computer to ‘read minds’. Is there any truth to this story?
—Jane Leon, New York, USA
Dear Ms. Leon,
Well, a lot of research is being conducted in this area, but so far, the brain scanning equipment and corresponding computer programs haven’t been able to actually read thoughts. In one experiment, test subjects(受試者)were connected to scanning equipment and shown two numbers on a screen. They were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting(減)the two numbers. Using this method, researchers were able to follow brain processes and make the correct assumptions(假設)70 percent of the time. It’s not quite mind reading, but it’s certainly a first step.
—Dr. J.
Dear Dr. Jeffers,
My three-year-old son loves it when I dig my fingers into his sides and tickle(胳肢)him until he laughs uncontrollably. The other day I noticed him trying to tickle himself but he couldn’t do it. Why not?
—Glenn Lewis, Vancouver, Canada
Dear Mr. Lewis,
It’s because of how the brain works. The brain is trained to know what to pay attention to and what to ignore. It causes us to ignore physical feelings we expect to happen, but it causes a mild panic reaction when there is an unexpected feeling. For example, you don’t notice how your shoulder feels while you’re walking down the street. But if someone comes up behind you and touches you lightly on the shoulder, you may jump in fear. It’s that unexpected part that causes the tickle reaction.
—Dr. J.
46. What can we learn from the answer to the first question?
A. Some equipment is able to read human minds.
B. Some progress has been made in mind reading.
C. Test subjects have been used to make decisions.
D. Computer programs can copy brain processes.
47. People laugh when tickled by others because the feeling is _______.
A. unexpected B. expected C. comfortable D. uncomfortable
48. Who has got a little child according to the text?
A. Ms. Leon B. Mr. Lewis C. Mr. Moeller D. Dr. Jeffers
49. According to the text, Jeffers is probably _______.
A. a computer programmer B. a test subject
C. a human brain expert D. a medical doctor
B
Brave Frenchman Found Half-way Around the World
(NEW YORK) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didn’t think twice before diving into the freezing East River.
Tuesday’s Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday.
He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.
“I didn’t think at all,” Duret told the Daily News. “It happened very fast. I reacted very fast.”
Duret, an engineer on vacation ,was walking with his girlfriend along the pier (碼頭) when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
When he reached the girl, she appeared lifeless, he said. Fortunately, when she was out of the water, she opened her eyes.
Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from onlookers. Duret caught a taxi with his girlfriend shortly after.
The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn’t realize his tale of heroism had greatly moved New York until he was leaving the city the next morning.
“I don’t really think I’m a hero,” said Duret. “Anyone would do the same thing.”
50. Why was Duret in New York?
A. To meet his girlfriend B. To work as an engineer
C. To spend his holiday D. To visit the Andersons.
51. What did Duret do shortly after the ambulance came?
A. He was interviewed by a newspaper.
B. He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes.
C. He went to the hospital in the ambulance.
D. He disappeared from the spot quickly.
52. Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?
A. David Anderson. B. A passer-by. C. His girlfriend. D. A taxi driver.
53. When was Duret most probably found to be the very hero?
A. The day when he was leaving for home.
B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued.
C. The first day when he was in New York.
D. The same day when he was interviewed.
C
The 1900 House
The Bowler family was one of more than 400 families who applied to 1900 house, a reality TV show which took a typical family back a hundred years to see how people lived in the days before the Internet, computer games and even electricity.
The Bowler family spent three months in a London home without a telephone, computers, TV, or fast food. The Bowlers wore clothes from 1900, ate only food available in English at that time, and cooked their meals on a single stove. Paul Bowler still went to work every day in a then uniform. The children changed their clothes on the way to and from school and their classmates didn’t know about their unusual home life. Joyce stayed at home, cooking and cleaning like a typical housewife of the time, though everything took three times as long.
So does Joyce think that people’s lives were better in the old days?
“I think people in the old days had just as many troubles and worries,” Joyce said, “and I don’t think their life was better or worse. There were lots of things back then that I’m happy I don’t have to deal with nowadays, but on the other hand life was simpler.” “We had a lot more time with our family, and it was hard being nice to each other all the time,” eleven-year-old Hilary said.
So what did the Bowler family miss most about modern life while living in the 1900 house?
Paul, 39: “telephone and a hot shower”
Joyce, 44: “a quick cup of tea from a kettle you could just turn on”
Hilary, 11: “rock CD”
Joseph, 9: “hamburger and computer games”
54. While the Bowler family was living in the 1900 house, _____.
A. the mother spent more time on housework
B. the two children wore the then clothes for school
C. they prepared their meals together on a stove
D. they ate simple foods they had never seen
55. According to Paragraph 4, what’s Joyce’s opinion about life in 1900?
A. There were fewer problems for the family.
B. Life was simpler but worse than it is now.
C. There were things she liked and disliked.
D. The family had more time to stay together.
56. What would Hilary expect most from modern life in the three months?
A .To play computer games. B. To make phone calls.
C. To listen to music. D. To chat on the Internet.
D
Stop Spam!
When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming (發送垃圾郵件) a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual (個人的) e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.
57. What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. messages B. ideas C. connections D. programs
58. According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?
A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications.
B. More people in the world communicate by e-mails.
C. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.
D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.
59. According to Paragraph 3, who is the final victim of spam?
A. The business B. The advertiser.
C. The employee D. The consumer.
60. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To inform. B. To educate. C. To persuade. D.To instruct.
第二節(共5小題,每小題2分,滿分10分)
根據短文內容,從下框的A-F選項中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余項。
A. Gift giving proven to be valuable
B. Memories from gift giving
C. Moments and events for gift giving
D. Various functions of gift giving
E. Gift giving as a wasteful practice
F. Gift giving as a two-way social activity
Gift Giving
61.
There are many occasions(場合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies: birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one’s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
62.
What is happening when we give gifts? Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation(義務).
63.
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient(接受者)know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person “feel special.” We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say “I’m sorry.” Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
64.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years: “I appreciate these, and they mean something to me,” the woman said, “because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we’ve had.” The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come and remember her.
65.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.
第三部分 寫作(共三節,滿分55分)
第一節 單詞拼寫(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)
根據下列各句句意和空白之后的漢語提示詞,在答題卡指定區域的橫線上寫出對應單詞的正確形式,每空只寫一詞。
66. The car is running at a (速度) of eighty kilometers an hour.
67. The teacher is glad that everyone in her class is (渴望的) to learn.
68. Jeff has the (習慣) of listening to music while reading.
69. Mr. White has been (缺席的)from work for days, so he knows nothing about our new plan.
70. He tried to (解釋), but she wouldn’t listen.
71. The local government is (討論)how to help the poor in the countryside.
72. When things aren’t going well, my parents always (鼓勵)me, telling me not to give up.
73. Miss Harper closed her eyes and (假裝)to be asleep.
74. We sat chatting for a few (分鐘)after finishing our meal.
75. I have been (深深地)impressed by a number of experiences in her life.
第二節 短文改錯(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once.
Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it. As she did this, lots of tea
splashed on his T-shirt! I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face! My sister
wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us. It
was turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shelf by mistake. The assistant
was clearly as embarrassing as my sister, for I just thought it was funny!
第三節 書面表達(滿分30分)
假定你是李華。你們學校和一所美國中學簽署了教師交流協議。在過去的一年里,你們的英文老師是來自這所中學的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美國任教。請你根據寫作要點和要求給Sue寫封電子郵件。
寫作要點:
1. 對她表達感謝之意; 2. 介紹她離開后你自己及班里發生的事情;
3. 希望了解她的近況。
要求:
1. 短文須寫在答題卡的指定區域。 2. 短文詞數不少于100(不含已寫好的部分)。
3. 內容充實,結構完整,語意連貫。4. 書寫須清晰、工整。
5. 郵件中不能體現本人真實信息。
Dear Sure,
I’m Li Hua, one of your students in China.
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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All the best
Li Hua
英語(試卷四)
第Ⅰ卷
  第一部分 英語知識運用 (滿分50分)
  第一節 語音知識 (共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
  從A、B、C、D四個選項中,找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.
  ⒈ theater A.treasure B.wheat C.season D.realize
  ⒉ persuade A.usual B.insist C.sugar D.treasure
  ⒊ company A.alone B.carrot C.money D.knock
  ⒋ opposite A.service B.outside C.pioneer D.police
  ⒌ society A.official B.recent C.chocolate D.difficult
  第二節 語法和詞匯知識 (共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
 ⒍ – What shall we do tonight then?
  – ___ – whatever you want.
  A.Help yourself B.It's a deal C.No problem D.It's up to you
  ⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.
  A.the; the B.不填; a C.the; a D.a; 不填
  ⒏ That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
  A.that B.which C.what D.when
  ⒐ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
  A.herself B.this C.that D.it
  ⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I'd do as much for him.
  A.hoping B.to hope C.hoped D.having hoped
  ⒒ I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.
  A.when B.than C.until D.after
  ⒓ We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
  A.set about B.set up C.set out D.set down
  ⒔ Next to biology, I like physics ___ .
  A.better B.best C.the better D.very well
  ⒕ – Did you ask Sophia for help?
  – I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.
  A.wouldn't B.don't C.didn't D.won't
  ⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.
  A.to watch B.watching C.watched D.to have watched
  ⒗ 100℃ is the temperature ___ which water will boil.
  A.for B.at C.on D.of
  ⒘ I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.
  A.can B.might C.would D.need
  ⒙ The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.
  A.has told B.is telling C.has been telling D.will have told
  ⒚ The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.
  A.quality B.progress C.production D.demand
  ⒛ – Try not to work yourself too hard.Take it easy.
  – Thanks.___
  A.So what? B.No way. C.What for? D.You, too
  第三節 完形填空 (每小題1.5分)
  閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
  Around twenty years ago I was living in York. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree, I could not find 22 work.
  I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat.I had 25 five interviews (面試) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job.“Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.
  As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earning 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (認領) it.The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.
  At first I got angry.Then it 31 me – I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with.Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list.That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 .She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (壓力) management to 200 medical workers.I said yes.
  My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job.To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.
  21.A.As B.Though C.If D.When
  22.A.successful B.extra C.satisfying D.convenient
  23.A.driving B.repairing C.taking D.designing
  24.A.working B.travelling C.discussing D.living
  25.A.prepared for B.attended C.asked for D.held
  26.A.lose B.like C.find D.get
  27.A.hard B.busy C.serious D.short
  28.A.wave at B.drop off C.call on D.look for
  29.A.ordering B.promising C.saying D.showing
  30.A.in case B.or else C.as if D.now that
  31.A.hurt B.hit C.caught D.moved
  32.A.feelings B.attention C.strength D.interests
  33.A.opinions B.education C.experiences D.life
  34.A.list B.book C.check D.copy
  35.A.connect B.turn C.keep D.add
  36.A.her B.a passenger C.me D.my friend
  37.A.hospital B.factory C.restaurant D.hotel
  38.A.listen to B.review C.give D.talk about
  39.A.plan B.choice C.day D.tour
  40.A.operation B.speaking C.employment D.thinking 
第二部分 閱讀理解 (滿分45分)
  第一節 語篇閱讀 (每小題2分)
  第一節 閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。(每小題2分)
  (A)
  Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
  Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out, stay outside with them.When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.I you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.
  If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere.Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality.Keep an eye on your pet's water.Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink.Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
  41.What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?
  A.They are often forgotten by their owners.
  B.They are used to living outdoors.
  C.They build their won shelter.
  D.They like to stay in warm places.
  42.Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?
  A.To know when to bring them inside.
  B.To keep them from eating bad food.
  C.To help them find shelters.
  D.To keep them company.
  43.If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ___.
  A.run short of clean water B.dig deep holes for fun
  C.dirty the snow nearby D.get lost in the wild
  44.What is the purpose of this text?
  A.To solve a problem. B.To give practical advice.
  C.To tell an interesting story. D.To present a research result.
  (B)
  You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
  First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
  Let's start with the wind blowing from the behind.This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat.It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.
  If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat.In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45° angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap (擺動).It shouldn't look like on a flagpole.If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
  Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.
  45.What should you consider first while sailing?
  A.Sailors' strength. B.Wave levels.
  C.Wind directions. D.Size of sails.
  46.What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
  A.The boat. B.The wind. C.The sail. D.The angle.
  47.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?
  A.Move in a straight line. B.Allow the sail to flap.
  C.Lower the sail. D.Tack the boat.
  48.Where can you probably find the text?
  A.In a popular magazine. B.In a tourist guidebook.
  C.In a physics textbook. D.In an official report.
  (C)
  Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough.In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
  Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted.For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
  It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
  49.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?
  A.Love. B.Politeness. C.Joy. D.Thankfulness.
  50.The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .
  A.show friendliness to strangers B.be used to hide true feelings
  C.be used in the wrong places D.show personal habits
  51.What should we do before attempting to “read” people?
  A.Learn about their relations with others.
  B.Understand their cultural backgrounds.
  C.Find out about their past experience.
  D.Figure out what they will do next.
  52.What would be the best title for the test?
  A.Cultural Differences B.Smiles and Relationship
  C.Facial Expressiveness D.Habits and Emotions
(D)
  ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia – One of the world's most famous fossils (化石) – the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.
  Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S.tour, which will start in Houston next September.
  “Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.
  The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago.Officials said six other U.S.cities may be on the tour.But they said plans had not been worked out.
  Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.
  Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 312 -foot-tall ape-man (猿人).
  53.The author writes this text mainly to ___ .
  A.introduce a few U.S.museums
  B.describe some research work
  C.discuss the value of an ape-man
  D.report a coming event
  54.What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
  A.A painting of the skeleton. B.A photograph of Lucy
  C.A copy of the skeleton. D.A written record of Lucy.
  55.How many cities has Lucy's U.S.tour plan already included?
  A.Four. B.Five. C.Six. D.Eleven.
  56.What was the skeleton named after?
  A.An ape-man. B.A song. C.A singer. D.A camp.
  (E)
  Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
  Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone's winter.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before.As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”
  Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it.Here's how they work:
  A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person.The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
  On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego (自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again.In fact, it enjoys this experience.
  We are all born with growth mind-sets.(Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dweck's book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
  57.What does the author think about the present generation?
  A.They don't do well at school. B.They are often misunderstood.
  C.They are eager to win in sports. D.They are given too much praise.
  58.A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .
  A.doesn't want to work hard
  B.cares a lot about personal safety
  C.cannot share his ideas with others
  D.can succeed with the help of teachers
  59.What does the growth mind-set believe?
  A.Admitting failure is shameful.
  B.Talent comes with one's birth.
  C.Scores should be highly valued.
  D.Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
  60.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?
  A.Encourage them to learn from failures.
  B.Prevent them from making mistakes.
  C.Guide them in doing little things.
  D.Help them grow with praise.
  第二節 根據對話內容,從對話后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(每小題1分)
  Daughter:Dad.You love me, don't you?
  Father:Of course, I do. 61
  Daughter:Well, I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper, and …
  Father: 62
  Daughter:Well, the phone is free … after the$50 I pay is returned to me.
  Father:Ah, so that's the catch. 63
  Daughter:Dad.All my friends have one.
  Father:Ah, I don't know. 64
  Daughter:But the monthly charge for this service is only$29.99, with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide, and unlimited weekend minutes.
  Father:I don't know.
  Daughter:Please Dad.With the new phone you won't have to worry about me while I'm driving the new car.
  Father: 65
  Daughter:The new car you'll need to buy so I can use the phone.
  A.Ah… what's on your mind? B.New car? What new car?
  C. Free? Nothing's ever free. D.What did you do to the new car?
  E.And why on earth do you need a phone? F.They always charge a lot for the service.
  G.But what is the term of the service agreement?
第II卷
  第三部分 寫作 (共三節,滿分55分)
  第一節 單詞拼寫 (每小題1分)
  根據下列句子及所給漢語注釋,在答題卡相應題號的橫線上寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式(每空只寫一詞)。
  66.Do you speak any __________ (外國) languages?
  67.Rebecca was the __________ (驕傲) of her family.
  68.Will you stop __________ (打斷) me when I'm talking?
  69.David Beckham's __________ (國籍) is British.
  70.The __________ (現代) history of Italy dates from 1860.
  71.Bob's __________ (侄子) is a freshman at Harvard University.
  72.Alice wanted to borrow Jack's computer, but he __________ (拒絕).
  73.Her __________ (書架) are filled with books and photos.
  74.What are you girls __________ (耳語) about?
  75.Don't __________ (咳嗽) more than you can help.
  第二節 短文改錯 (每小題1.5分)
  Dear Editor,
  I'm writing to tell you opinion about water saving. 76.______
  Water is important.We, as well as animal, cannot live 77.______
  without water and neither agriculture or industry can go 78.______
  without it.Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 79.______
  Many countries in the world find we don't have enough water. 80.______
  To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all 81.______
  out to plant trees though trees will help save water.Next, no 82.______
  drinking water should be left running.Third, we should find 83.______
  ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath 84.______
  water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water. 85.______
  Sincerely,
  Li Hua
  第三節 書面表達 (30分)
  假定你是李華。你班同學決定為小明舉辦生日聚會。請你寫信邀請外教Susan參加,要點包括:
  ⒈ 時間:周五晚8點至9點
  ⒉ 地點:學生俱樂部
  ⒊ 內容:生日歌、蛋糕、游戲等
  ⒋ 要求:備小禮物
  注意:⒈ 詞數100左右,開頭語已為你寫好;⒉可以適當增加細節,以便行文連貫;⒊ 答案必須寫在答題卡相應的位置上。
  Hi, Susan,
  We're throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming's birthday.
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高二語文寒假作業試卷<一>
本試卷滿分150分
一、(27分,每小題3分)
1.下列詞語中加點的字,讀音全部正確的一組是( )
A.伉(kàng)儷 鏡框(kuàng) 精髓(suǐ) 兢兢(jīng)業業
B.侮(wū)蔑 怔怔(zhèng) 鳴囀 (zhuǎn) 經濟拮據(jū)
C.羞赧(lǎn) 搖晃(huàng) 簇(cù)擁 洗盡塵滓(zǐ)
D.積攢(zǎn) 薄(báo)暮 嘎嘎(gā) 韜(tāo)光養晦
2.下列詞語中,有兩個錯別字的一組是( )
A.福祉 陶磁 冼練 溫柔繾綣
B.奧妙 母指 羈旅 堅苦卓絕
C.滑膩 賒欠 蹊蹺 文過則喜
D.惴惴 鄙夷 喝彩 誠皇誠恐
3.依次填入下列各句橫線處的詞語,最恰當的一組是( )
①所謂傳奇,就是包含了要以情節動人的 。
②(《莊子》)永遠有著我們不曾 的境界,仰之彌高,鉆之彌堅。
③簡短的詩可以有 的意味,收縮并不妨礙延長。
A.意旨 進入 悠長 B.意蘊 涉及 悠長
C.意旨 進入 幽遠 D.意蘊 涉及 幽遠
4.下列各句中,加點的熟語使用恰當的一句是( )
A.孟子有時候被人稱為有“革命性”,這是因為戰國時代的動亂,使他知道,只是恢復故態而不改頭換面是不能濟事的。
B.他是個俠義之人,面對不平,他總是回腸蕩氣,面對朋友,他總要兩肋插刀。
C.對于事情的真相,他是洞若觀火,但他裝得若無其事一樣,任憑別人去左右猜測。
D.這次吉普賽人操起各種樂器,大吹大擂地走遍了全村,喧鬧之聲振聾發聵。
5.下列各句中,沒有語病的一句是( )
A.胡錦濤總書記的重要講話,讓我進一步明確了什么是一名普通的合格中學教師以及今后努力的方向。
B.“越窮越生”和“富人超生”,已成為陜西省違規生育的兩個重點問題,計生部門將其比喻為兩頭兒沉的“啞鈴現象”。
C.許多人都認為自己20歲生日是難以忘懷的,北大學生高明的20歲生日不僅讓許多不熟識的人矚目,也讓自己難以忘懷。
D.受國際市場食用油價格上漲影響,我國8月份的豆油、菜籽油和花生油價格比上月稍有擴大。
⒍從修辭角度看,填入下面文字中橫線處的詞語最恰當的一組是( ) 苦瓜苗就像一個① 一樣,自生自長,蔫蔫的,一副要死不活的樣子。然而,它卻努力的活了下來,便漸漸的長大。它似乎滿是敵意,一天比一天不規矩,或繞著南瓜藤,或在冬瓜架上② 。我不得不找來一根杖子,把它綁在杖上,③ 。 A.①病兒 ②胡攪蠻纏 ③限制它的生長 B.①棄兒 ②胡攪蠻纏 ③約束它的行為 C.①病兒 ②胡亂纏繞 ③約束它的行為 D.①棄兒 ②胡亂纏繞 ③限制它的生長 7.“天邊偶爾漂浮著淡淡的白云”的后面連接那一項才能構成最佳比喻句。( ) A.有如千萬朵盛開的白蓮。 B.像從什么仙境飄來的片片銀色的羽毛。 C.像千萬朵閃爍的銀練。 D.仿佛落入人間倉庫的垛垛銀棉。 8、將①-⑤句填入段間橫線處,語序正確的一項是
據說清代有位讀書人,因風吹亂了他的書頁,引發詩興,吟了一句“清風不識字,何故亂翻書”,便招致了殺身之禍。因為當權者認為________。這“清風”詩案,非常典型地反映了封建專制統治下,文字是極易招禍的。
①滿族過去稱女真,曾被視為未開化的落后民族作者:
②“不識字”是誣蔑滿族人文化水平低
③滿族入關后在武力上已征服了漢族
④但他們在心理上卻常有民族自卑感,對漢族知識分子十分害怕
⑤“清風”是影射朝廷
A.③④①⑤② B.⑤②③④① C.⑤②①③④ D.①③④⑤②
9.判斷下列說法的正誤。說法不正確的項是( ) A.初唐“四杰”是指王勃、楊炯、李白、賀知章。 B.“唐宋八大家”是指韓愈、柳宗元、歐陽修、蘇洵、蘇軾、蘇轍、曾鞏、王安石。 C.《三國演義》、《水滸傳》、《西游記》、《紅樓夢》是我國四大古典長篇小說,作者依次是羅貫中、施耐庵、吳承恩、曹雪芹。 D.高爾基是俄國偉大的文學家,著有長篇小說《母親》、自傳體三部曲《童年》、《在人間》、《我的大學》和劇本《小市民》等。
二、閱讀下面文章,完成10--12題(9分,每小題3分)
金庸的權力觀
金庸曾在《三十三劍客圖》中說過,“研究中國歷史上這些大人物的心理和個性,是一件很有趣味的事。千百年來物質生活雖然改變極大,但人的心理、對權力之爭奪和保持的種種方法,還是極少有什么改變。”
金庸的第一部武俠小說《書劍恩仇錄》對權力進行了無情的否定。書中寫到,正是為了至高無上的權力,乾隆背叛了六和塔上的盟約,踐踏了海寧潮前兄弟擊掌、互不傷害的誓言。美麗的香香公主最后留下血寫的遺言“不要相信皇帝”,撕破了乾隆道貌岸然的面具,用鮮血刻畫出了他的陰險、毒辣和狡詐。《碧血劍》對李自成殺進北京以后迅速腐化、墮落的描述,也見證了“權力趨向腐敗,絕對的權力趨向絕對腐敗”這一顛撲不破的真理。《倚天屠龍記》里的張無忌不具備做“政治領袖”的條件,卻是個可以信賴的人,他有許多美好的品質。在人性的尺度之下,小說中的朱元璋和張無忌相比卻顯得暗淡無光,美麗的周芷若也一點都不可愛。就是從《天龍八部》到《笑傲江湖》,金庸小說中常常出現“千秋萬載,一統江湖”的口號,不過是“普天之下,莫非王土”的另一種說法而已。從宮廷到江湖,都是如此。東方不敗因掌握大權而腐化,任我行也免不了同樣的結局,那是人性中的普遍現象。岳不群、左冷禪掌了權也一樣如此,他們都野心勃勃,將無限的權力視為人生的最高目標,這是中國社會被數千年專制政治所毒化而出現的畸形現象。與寫作武俠小說幾乎同步,自1959年創立《明報》以來,金庸執筆寫社評,特別是他的早期社評也貫穿著自己對權力的批判、否定。他在《笑傲江湖》后記中得出了“政治上大多數時候是壞人當權”的結論。
如果不是《鹿鼎記》的出現,金庸在他的武俠小說世界對權力的否定幾乎達到了現代認識水平,不幸的是,他還是以最后的《鹿鼎記》完成了對權力的肯定。《鹿鼎記》的真正主角不是韋小寶,而是康熙這個雄才偉略的英明君主,其主旨是,什么樣的英雄豪杰、“俠之大者”都比不上一個開明的當權者,世間的一切最終靠康熙這樣的英明君主。
既然“俠以武犯禁”,與依靠好皇上實現一切人生社會理想的白日夢不和諧,那么,到這一步,金庸的武俠小說確實寫不下去了。在這一意義上,二月河大肆吹捧康熙、雍正、乾隆之類創造“盛世”的好皇上不過是延續了金庸的這一思路罷了。
l994年,金庸訪問臺灣時親口說:“在中國皇帝中,我對康熙的評價很高,他不但思想開明,而且很好學,還去學了外國的學問。”從否定權力到回歸權力,金庸的權力觀的演變表明他最終未能走出傳統士大夫式的觀念。也就是說,對皇權的依附和對好皇帝的期盼曾是中國讀書人幾千年的夢。
10.對“金庸的權力觀”的認知過程最符合作者觀點的一項是 ( )
A.金庸通過武俠小說對權力進行了無情的否定。
B.權力趨向腐敗,絕對的權力絕對腐敗。
C.權力是人生的最高目標。
D.從對權力的否定回歸到了對權力的肯定。
11.下面有關《鹿鼎記》的闡述不符合原文意思的一項是 ( )
A.金庸在《笑傲江湖》和《鹿鼎記》中對權力的認識是有差別的。
B.《鹿鼎記》的出現體現了金庸對權力的終極否定,這是金庸的武俠小說寫不下去的內在原因。
C.出于對“思想開明”、“很好學”的康熙的景仰,金庸在《鹿鼎記》中著重刻畫了康熙這個雄才偉略的英明君主。
D.如韋小寶般的“俠之大者”終究比不上一個英明君主,因此他們只能是《鹿鼎記》中的配角。
12.根據原文提供的信息,以下推斷不正確的一項 ( )
A.朱元璋和張無忌相比暗淡無光是因為他是他是張無忌的部下。
B.“政治上大多數時候是壞人當權”的結論不僅對岳不群、左冷禪等人物作出了評價,而且還表明了金庸對權力的批判和否定。
C.與金庸的武俠小說不同的是,二月河回避了“以武犯禁”的俠氣而著力于吹捧康熙、雍正和乾隆等創造“盛世”的好皇上。
D.對皇權的依附和對好皇帝的期盼一直深藏在中國傳統士大夫們的觀念中。
三. 文言文閱讀(9分,選擇題每小題3分,)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成13-15小題。
子產論為政
鄭子產有疾,謂于大叔曰:“我死,子必為政。唯有德者能以寬服民,其次莫如猛。夫火烈,民望而畏之,故鮮死焉;水懦弱,民狎而玩之,則多死焉,故寬難。”疾數月而卒。  
大叔為政,不忍猛而寬。鄭國多盜,取人于萑苻之澤。太叔悔之,曰:“吾早從夫子,不及此。”興徒兵以攻崔苻之盜,盡殺之,盜少止。  
仲尼曰:“善哉!政寬則民慢,慢則糾之以猛;猛則民殘,殘則施之以寬。寬以濟猛,猛以濟寬,政是以和。
《詩》曰:‘民亦勞止,汔(1)可小康;惠此中國,以綏四方。’施之以寬也。‘毋從詭隨,以謹無良;式(2)遏寇虐,慘不畏明。’糾之以猛也。‘柔遠能邇,以定我王。’平之以和也。又曰:‘不競不求,不剛不柔,布政優優⑶,百祿是遒。’和之至也。”  
及子產卒,仲尼聞之,出涕曰:“古之遺愛也。”
(選自陳蒲清《古文觀止·左傳》)
【注釋】 ⑴汔(qì):差不多,將近。
⑵式:助詞,無實義。
⑶競:急。求:緩。優優:溫和寬厚的樣子。
13.對下列句子中加點詞的解釋,不正確的一項是 ( )
A.水懦弱,民狎而玩之 狎:輕視,輕侮。
B.毋從詭隨,以謹無良 謹:謹慎。
C.惠此中國,以綏四方 綏:安撫。
D.布政優優,百祿是遒。 遒:聚集。
14.下列各組句子中,加點的詞的用法和意義相同的一組是 ( )
A. 疾數月而卒 信而見疑,忠而被謗
B. 民望而畏之,故鮮死焉 積土成山,風雨興焉
C. 善哉!政寬則民慢 此則岳陽樓之大觀也
D. 古之遺愛也 有過之而無不及
15.下列各句對文章的闡述,不正確的一項是 ( )
A.鄭國的子產在病中對大叔的一番話語中,透露出一種觀點:推行寬政要更難一些。
B.鄭國的盜賊很多,與大叔不忍心行猛政有關聯,但在他調兵攻打之后,盜賊稍有了收斂。
C.孔子對子產的稱贊與落淚,與子產將“寬(德政)”放在“猛(嚴政)”之上密切相關。
D.制止殘暴的搶奪者,因為他們從不懼法度,這是用平和的政治來糾正偏差的做法。
四.詩歌鑒賞
16.閱讀下面詩歌,回答問題。(9分)
塞下曲 李白
五月天山雪,無花只有寒。
笛中聞折柳,春色未曾看。
曉戰隨金鼓,宵眠抱玉鞍。
愿將腰下劍,直為斬樓蘭。
(1)寫出這首詩中對仗工整的兩句并揭示其含義。(4分)


(2)詩的開頭寫五月的“寒”,結尾則寫“斬樓蘭”,這樣寫有什么用意。(5分)

五.現代文閱讀(試題3小題。共20分。)
(一)文學類文本閱讀
閱讀下面的文字,完成16~18題。
撕日歷的日子
遲子建
①又是年終的時候了,我寫字臺上的臺歷一側高高隆起,而另一側卻薄如蟬翼,再輕輕翻幾下,三百六十五天就在生活中沉沉謝幕了。
②厚厚的那一側是已逝的時光,由于有些日子上記著一些人的地址和電話,以及偶來的一些所思所感,所以它比原來的厚度還厚,仿佛說明著已去歲月的沉重。它有如一塊沉句句的磚頭,壓在青春的心頭,使青春慌張而疼痛。
③發明臺歷的人大約是個年輕人,歲月于他來講是漫長的,所以他讓日子在長方形的鐵托架上左右翻動,不吝惜時光的消逝,也不怕面對時光。當一年萬事大吉時,他會輕輕松松地把那一摞用過的臺歷捆起,隨便扔到什么地方讓它蒙塵,因為日子還多的是呢。而對于中老年人來說,看著那一摞摞用過的臺歷,也許會有一種人生如夢的滄桑感。
④于是想到了撕日歷。
⑤小的時候,我家總是掛著一個日歷牌。那是個硬紙板裁成的長方形的彩牌,上面是嫦娥奔月的圖畫:深藍的天空,一輪無與倫比的圓月,一些隱約的白云以及裊娜奔月的嫦娥飄飛的裙裾。下面是掛日歷的地方,紙牌留著一雙細瞇的眼睛等著日歷背后尖尖的鐵片插進去,與它親密地吻合。那時候我每天最喜歡做的事情就是撕日歷。早晨一睜開眼,便聽得見灶房的柴禾噼啪作響,有煮粥或貼玉米餅子的香味飄來。這基本上是善于早起的父親弄好了一家人的早飯。我爬出被窩的第一件事不是穿衣服,而是赤腳踩著枕 頭去撕釘在炕頭被架子一側的月份牌,凡是黑體字的日子就隨手丟在地上,因為這樣的日子要去上學,而到了紅色字體的日子基本上都是星期天,我便捏著它回到被窩,親切地看著它,覺得上面的每一個字都漂亮可愛,甚至覺得紙頁泛出一股不同尋常的香氣。于是就可以賴著被窩不起來,反正上課的鐘在這一天成了啞巴,可以無所顧忌地放縱自己。
⑥撕去的日子有風雨雷電,也有陽光雨露和頻降的白雪。撕去的日子有歡欣愉悅,也有爭吵和悲傷。雖然那是清貧的時光,但因為有一個團圓的家,它無時不散發出溫馨氣息。被我撕掉的日子有時飄到窗外,隨風飛舞,落到雞舍的就被雞一轟而啄破,落到豬圈的就被豬給拱到糞里也成為糞。命運好的落在菜園里,被清新的空氣滋潤著,而最后也免不了被雨打濕,漚爛后成為泥土。
⑦長大以后,家里仍然使用月份牌,只是我并不那么有興趣去撕它了,可見長大也不是什么好事情。待到上了師專,住在學生宿舍,根本沒日歷可看,可日子照樣過得一個不錯。也就是在那一時期,商店里有臺歷賣了,于是大多數人家就不用月份牌了。我自然而然地結束了撕日歷的日子。
⑧我在哈爾濱生活的這幾年才算像模像樣過起了日子,每天早晨起來的第一件事就是翻臺歷,讓它由一側到另一側。當兩側厚薄幾乎相等時,哈爾濱會進入最熱的一段日子。年終時我將用過的臺歷用線繩串起,然后放到抽屜里保存起來,臺歷上有些字句也分外有趣,如1993年2月14日記載著“不慎打碎一只花碗”;而2月28日則寫著“一夜未睡好,夢見戒指斷了,起床后發現下雪了”;8月28日是“天邊出現雙彩虹,苦瓜湯真好喝”!
⑨臺歷有意無意成了我的簡易日記本,當然就更加有收藏價值了。
⑩不管多么不愿意面對逝去的日子,不管多么不愿意讓青春成為往事,可我必須坦然面對它。當我串起1995年的臺歷、將1996年散發著墨香氣的日子擺在鐵皮架上時,我仍然會在上面簡要抒寫一些我的所作所為、所思所感的。如果能把幼時已撕去的日歷一一拾回,也許已故的父親就會復活,他又會放一條狗進我的睡房催我起床,也許我家在大固其固的那個已經荒蕪了的院落又會變得綠意盈門。但日子永遠都是:過去了的就成為回憶。
?可它畢竟深深地留在了心底。當我年事已高,將臺歷的日子看花了,翻臺歷的手哆嗦不已時,嫦娥肯定還在奔月。
17、解釋下列兩句話在文中的含意。(6分)
(1)它有如一塊沉甸甸的磚頭,壓在青春的心頭,使青春慌張而疼痛。



(2)撕去的日子有風雨雷電,也有陽光雨露和頻降的白雪。



18、怎樣理解“翻臺歷的手哆嗦不已時,嫦娥肯定還在奔月”?(6分)







19、作者在第③段寫年輕人“把那一摞用過的臺歷捆起,隨便扔到什么地方讓它蒙塵”,在第③段寫“年終時我將用過的臺歷用線繩串起,然后放到抽屜里保存起來”,有人說這是作者與年輕人之間產生了代溝,你的看法呢?請結合全文,談談你的觀點和理由。 (8分)




六.
20、補寫出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(10分,每空1分))
(1)白云一片去悠悠, 。(張若虛《春江花月夜》)
(2)熊咆龍吟殷巖泉, 。(李白《夢游天姥吟留別》)
(3)漠漠水田飛白鷺, 。(王維《積雨輞川莊作)
(4)裊裊兮秋風, 。(屈原《湘夫人》)
(5)長風破浪會有時, 。(李白《行路難》)
(6)出師未捷身先死, 。(杜甫《蜀相》)
(7)小樓一夜聽春雨, 。(陸游《臨安春雨初霽》)
(8) ,乾坤日夜浮。(杜甫《登岳陽樓》)
(9) ,溪柳自搖沙水清。(蘇軾《新城道中(其一)》)
(10) ,盡薺麥青青。(姜夔《揚州慢》)
21、仿照下面的示例,自選話題,另寫一段話,要求運用比喻,句式與示例相同。(6分)
示例:時間是一把剪刀,它能剪出成功者不斷進取的理想之花,也能剪掉自暴自棄的失敗者的大好年華。



七、本大題1小題,60分。
22、閱讀下面的材料,根據要求寫一篇不少于800字的文章。
耶穌曾治愈了數十位重病患者。當他出外回來時,病人全走了,只有一位留下來很有禮貌地感謝耶穌。耶穌說:“我什么也沒有做。”
要求選準角度,明確立意,自選文體,自擬標題;不要脫離材料內容及含意的范圍作文,不要套作,不得抄襲。
高二語文寒假作業<二>
本試卷滿分150分
第一卷(13小題,每小題3分 共39分)
1. 下列各項字形和加點字的注音全都正確的一項是( )
A.春霄 躑躅(zhí zhú) 綽約(zhuó) 扁舟子(piān) 回眸一笑
B.軒冕 綢繆(chóu miù) 戎馬(róng) 搗衣砧(zhēn) 豆蔻詞工
C.危檣 迤邐(yǐ lǐ) 薺麥 (jì) 玉簟秋(diàn) 列卻霹靂
D.祠堂 潺湲(chán yuán) 碣石(jié) 玉搔頭(sāo) 云棧縈紆
2.下列文學常識的表述不完全正確的一項是( )
A.青蓮居士、四明狂客、少陵野老、香山居士、“六一”居士、東坡居士、白石道人,依次是指王安石、孟浩然、杜甫、白居易、王安石、蘇軾、姜夔。
B.古體詩有兩種含義:一指詩體名,也稱古詩。古風與唐以后興起的近體詩相對應;二是對于古代詩歌的泛稱,以區別于現代詩歌。
C.近體詩又稱今體詩,是唐代出現的新詩體,唐人為了與以前的古體詩相區別,故名之為“近體”。這種詩的主要特點是篇有定句,句有定字,韻有定位,字有定聲,聯有定對。
D.歌行是古體詩的一種,漢樂府詩題多用歌、行、曲、引、吟、嘆、怨等,其中以“歌”“行”最多,逐漸合稱為一種詩體名。著名的作品有白居易的《長恨歌》等
3.《蜀相》和《書憤》都有對諸葛亮的追懷,也都有作者因難以實現理想抱負的感慨,比較閱讀,找出分析不當的一項( )
A.蜀相前四句寫景,由遠而近,不寫建筑而著眼草木,透落出詩人面對青草啼鶯時感受到的寂寞和蒼涼,從而形成了全詩的感情基調。
B.《蜀相》中的諸葛亮不僅是作者的游祠時的瞻拜對象,更是他心儀已久的名臣楷模,遙想諸葛亮的偉業和早逝,同所有英難一樣,杜甫早已涕淚似橫。
C.《書憤》的題義是書寫憤懣,詩中雖無“憤”字卻以憤貫穿始終,從早年的壯志難酬到暮年的報國無門,都表現了理想與現實沖突在詩人心中造成的創痛。
D.與杜甫詩借景仰諸葛亮之情不同,陸游在《書憤》中以諸葛亮自況,意在借《出師表》之名發出師之吶喊,要求朝廷盡快整軍北伐。
白云一片去悠悠,青楓浦上不勝愁。
誰家今夜扁舟子?何處相思明月樓?
可憐樓上月徘徊,應照離人妝鏡臺。
玉戶簾中卷不去,搗衣砧上拂還來。
此時相望不相聞,愿逐月華流照君。
鴻雁長飛光不度,魚龍潛躍水成文。
(張若虛《春江花月夜》)
4.結合整首詩來看,下列賞析不恰當的一項是( )
A.《春江花月夜》是中國唐代詩人張若虛僅存的一首名詩,被稱為是“孤篇蓋全唐”的杰作,聞一多稱之為:“這是詩中的詩,頂峰上的頂峰。”
B.“可憐樓上月徘徊,應照離人妝鏡臺”賦予月光以人的靈性,描繪出了月光籠罩著思家的游子,更以悲憫的柔光追隨著游子徘徊的步伐久久不忍離去的迷離之景。
C.“卷不去”“拂還來”的不只是月光,更有化不開遣不散的相思之愁。
D.“鴻雁長飛光不度,魚龍潛躍水成文”不動聲色地將典故化到春天濱江景物之中,用典筆法可謂了無痕跡。
昔聞洞庭水,今上岳陽樓。
吳楚東南坼,乾坤日夜浮。
親朋無一字,老病有孤舟。
戎馬關山北,憑軒涕泗流。
(杜甫《登岳陽樓》)
5.下列賞析不恰當的一項是( )
A.首聯是對句,寫詩人過去只是聽說過洞庭水的美景,到遲暮之年才真的上了岳陽樓,這里一今一昔之間表達出詩人無比喜悅之情。
B.頷聯寫登樓所見,洞庭湖水劃分了吳國和楚國的疆界,日月星辰都像是漂浮在湖水之中一般。極力形容洞庭湖水的浩瀚壯闊、無邊無際。
C.頸聯寫登樓所引起的個人身世之感,親朋音訊全無,自己一身病痛,惟剩一葉孤舟。
D.尾聯詩人由身世之悲轉向國家之憂,形成沉雄悲壯,博大深遠的意境。
6對李清照《如夢令》分析不當的一項是( )
昨夜雨疏風驟,濃睡不消殘酒。試問卷簾人,卻道海棠依舊。知否?知否?應是綠肥紅瘦。
A. “不消”表面是指酒意未消,實際指的是消不盡的傷感和煩悶情緒。
B. “綠肥紅瘦”中,“綠”“紅”分別代指葉和花,“肥”“瘦”分別形容葉的茂盛和花的凋零。
C. 這首詞從一般敘述,轉入到一問一答,然后是設問和慨嘆,層層拓展、深入。
D. 作者采用直抒胸臆的手法,表達對春光留戀和惜別的一種傷感情緒。
二、閱讀下面的文言文,完成7一10題。(12分 每小題3分)
項王軍壁垓下,兵少食盡,漢軍及諸侯兵圍之數重。夜聞漢軍四面皆楚歌,項王乃大驚曰:“漢皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也!”
……
于是項王乃上馬騎,麾下壯士騎從者八百余人,直夜潰圍南出,馳走。平明,漢軍乃覺之,令騎將灌嬰以五千騎追之。項王渡淮,騎能屬者百余人耳。項王至陰陵,迷失道,問一田父,田父紿曰“左”。左,乃陷大澤中。以故漢追及之。項王乃復引兵而東,至東城,乃有二十八騎。漢騎追者數千人。項王自度不得脫。謂其騎曰:“吾起兵至今八歲矣,身七十余戰,所當者破,所擊者服,未嘗敗北,遂霸有天下。然今卒困于此,此天之亡我,非戰之罪也。今日固決死,愿為諸君快戰,必三勝之,為諸君潰圍,斬將,刈旗,令諸君知天亡我,非戰之罪也。”
乃分其騎以為四隊,四向。漢軍圍之數重。項王謂其騎曰: “吾為公取彼一將。”令四面騎馳下,期山東為三處。于是項王大呼馳下,漢軍皆披靡,遂斬漢一將。是時,赤泉侯為騎將,追項王,項王嗔目而叱之,赤泉侯人馬俱驚,辟易數里。與其騎會為三處。漢軍不知項王所在,乃分軍為三,復圍之。項王乃馳,復斬漢一都尉,殺數十百人,復聚其騎,亡其兩騎耳。乃謂其騎曰:“何如?”騎皆伏曰: “如大王言。”
于是項王乃欲東渡烏江。烏江亭長橇船待,謂項王曰:“江東雖小,地方千里,眾數十萬人,亦足王也。愿大王急渡。今獨臣有船,漢軍至,無以渡。”項王笑曰:“天之亡我,我何渡為!且籍與江東子弟八千人渡江而西,今無一人還,縱江東父兄憐而王我,我何面目見之?縱彼不言,籍獨不愧于心乎?”乃謂亭長曰:“吾知公長者。吾騎此馬五歲,所當無敵,嘗一日行千里,不忍殺之,以賜公。”乃令騎皆下馬步行,持短兵接戰。獨籍所殺漢軍數百人。項王身亦被十余創。顧見漢騎司馬呂馬童,曰:“若非吾故人乎?”馬童面之,指王翳曰:“此項王也。”項王乃日:“吾聞漢購我頭千金?,邑萬戶,吾為若德”乃自刎而死。
7.對下列句中文言實詞的解釋,不正確的一項是( )
A.項王軍壁垓下 壁:駐扎
B.騎能屬者百余人耳 屬:隸屬
C.乃分其騎以為四隊,四向 向:臉朝著,面向
D.項王身被十余創 被:遭受
8.下列各組句子中,加下劃線的虛詞意義和用法相同的一組是( )
A.①于是項王乃上馬騎 ②至東城,乃有二十八騎
B.①令騎將灌嬰以五千騎追之 ②不忍殺之,以賜公
C.①令諸君知天亡我,非戰之罪也 ②天之亡我,我何渡為
D.①愿為諸君快戰 ②吾為若德
9.以下句子分別編為四組,全都表現項羽勇猛善戰的一組是( )
①直夜潰圍南出,馳走。 ②所當者破,所擊者服。
③天之亡我,非戰之罪也。④大呼馳下,漢軍皆披靡。
⑤人馬俱驚,辟易數里。 ⑥所殺漢軍數百人。
A.①②⑥ B.①③⑤ C.②③④ D.④⑤⑥
10.下列對原文內容的敘述和分析,不正確的一項是( )
A.項羽被漢軍包圍在垓下,夜聽四面楚歌,感到大勢已去。
B.項羽帶騎兵八百余,乘夜突圍,過淮河,剩下百余人,到東城,部下剩下二十八騎。
C.為了證明“天之亡我,非戰之罪”,項羽奮起神威,持短兵器與漢軍接戰,斬二將,殺數十百人,叱退漢軍數里。
D.烏江亭長請項羽過江,項羽自感無面目再見江東父兄,不愿渡江,最后自刎而死。
與元九書(節選)
白居易
(仆)家貧多故,二十七方從鄉賦。既第之后,雖專于科試,亦不廢詩。及授校書郎時,已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下輩,見皆謂之工,其實未窺作者之域耳。自登朝來,年齒漸長,閱事漸多。每與人言,多詢時務;每讀書史,多求理道。始知文章合為時而著,歌詩合為事而作。是時皇帝初即位,宰府有正人,屢降璽書,訪人急病。   
仆當此日,擢在翰林,身是諫官,月請諫紙。啟奏之間,有可以救濟人病,裨補時闕,而難于指言者,輒詠歌之,欲稍稍進聞于上。上以廣宸聽,副憂勤;次以酬恩獎,塞言責;下以復吾平生之志。豈圖志未就而悔已生,言未聞而謗已成矣!  
微之,夫貴耳賤目,榮古陋今,人之大情也。仆不能遠征古舊,如近歲韋蘇州歌行才麗之外,頗近興諷其五言詩又高雅閑淡自成一家之體今之秉筆者誰能及之?然當蘇州在時,人亦未甚愛重,必待身后,人始貴之。今仆之詩,人所愛者,悉不過雜律詩與《長恨歌》已下耳。時之所重,仆之所輕。至于諷諭者,意激而言質;閑適者,思澹而辭迂。以質合迂,宜人之不愛也。今所愛者,并世而生,獨足下耳。然百千年后,安知復無如足下者出,而知愛我詩哉?故自八九年來,與足下小通則以詩相戒,小窮則以詩相勉,索居則以詩相慰,同處則以詩相娛。知吾罪吾,率以詩也。   
仆常語足下,凡人為文,私于自是,不忍于割截,或失于繁多。其間妍媸,益又自惑。必待交友有公鑒無姑息者,討論而削奪之,然后繁簡當否,得其中矣。況仆與足下,為文尤患其多。己尚病,況他人乎?今且各纂詩筆,粗為卷第,待與足下相見日,各出所有,終前志焉。又不知相遇是何年,相見是何地,溘然而至,則如之何?微之知我心哉!   
【注】《與元九書》寫于元和十年(815年),其時作者在江州司馬任上。元九,即元稹,字微之。
11.下列句子中文言實詞的解釋,不正確的一項是( )
A.文章合為時而著 合:應當,應該。
B.小窮則以詩相勉 窮:失意,不得志。
C.己尚病,況他人乎 病:生病。
D.知吾罪吾,率以詩也 罪:怪罪,譴責文章。
12.下列各組句子中,加下劃線的文言虛詞意義和用法相同的一組是( )
A.歌詩合為事而作 吾屬今為之虜矣
B.欲稍稍進聞于上 青,取之于藍,而青于藍
C.以質合迂,宜人之不愛也 句讀之不知,惑之不解
D.與足下小通則以詩相戒 若稍飾以樓觀亭榭
13.下列對原文有關內容的概括和分析,不正確的一項是( )
A.隨著年齡與見識的增長,對時事與治道多所關注而有所體會,白居易由此逐漸形成了自己對詩文創作的基本看法。
B.白居易為實踐他的詩歌理論而創作的詩歌在當時并不為人們所喜愛,未能發揮效用,卻已受打壓、毀謗,他覺得真正理解和喜愛他的這些詩歌的人只有元稹。
C.白居易認為“文章合為時而著,歌詩合為事而作”,強調了創作與社會政治、與現實生活的關系,肯定了文學作品的社會功能和現實意義。
D.白居易通過寫詩來救民疾苦、針砭時弊,《長恨歌》就屬于這類作品,不但白居易自己很重視這首詩,也深受當時人們的喜愛。
第二卷(共111分)
14.把上文中劃線句子翻譯成現代漢語。(共8分)
(1)豈圖志未就而悔已生,言未聞而謗已成矣! (3分)
譯文:
(2)夫貴耳賤目,榮古陋今,人之大情也。(3分)
譯文:
(3)今所愛者,并世而生,獨足下耳。(2分)
譯文:
15. 補寫出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(9分,每空1分))
⑴在中國古代詩文中有許多表現作者強烈生命意識的名句,如張若虛的《春江花月夜》“ ① ,江月年年望相似”,曹操《短歌行》中的“ ② ,去日苦多”,李白《將進酒》中的“君不見高堂明鏡悲白發, ③ ”,蘇軾《前赤壁賦》中的“ ④ ,羨長江之無窮” ,這些詩句均表達了古人珍惜生命、追求理想、感逝光陰的情懷。
(2)熊咆龍吟殷巖泉, 。
(3)長風破浪會有時, 。
(4)出師未捷身先死, 。
(5) ,盡薺麥青青。
(6)在天愿做比翼鳥, 。
詩歌鑒賞題(27分)
閱讀戎昱的《移家別湖上亭》,回答問題。(8分)
移家別湖上亭
【唐】戎 昱
好是春風湖上亭,柳條藤蔓系離情。
黃鶯久住渾相識,欲別頻啼四五聲。
【注】戎昱,唐代詩人。荊南人,登進士第。衛伯玉鎮荊南,辟為從事。建中中,為辰、虔二州刺史。集五卷,今編詩一卷。
16這首詩的體裁屬于近體詩中的 ,題目中能涵蓋全詩內容的詞語是 。(2分)
17作者是采用什么藝術手法來表達他對湖上亭依戀難舍的深厚感情的,請結合詩句具體分析。
(3分)
答:

18古人寫詩很講究煉字,詩中的“系”和“啼”兩個動詞就用得準確傳神,請分別予以簡要分析。(3分)
答:
閱讀古詩,回答問題 (7分)
旅夜書懷(杜甫)
細草微風岸,危檣獨夜舟。星垂平野闊,月涌大江流。
名豈文章著,官應老病休。飄飄何所似?天地一沙鷗。
渡荊門送別(李白)
渡遠荊門外,來從楚國游。山隨平野盡,江入大荒流。
月下飛天鏡,云生結海樓。仍憐故鄉水,萬里送行舟。
19.請你說說杜詩首聯和頷聯在寫景角度上有什么不同?請結合所寫景物具體分析。(3分)
  
  
   20.“詩言志”,請你結合詩中的名句談談杜詩和李詩在抒發感情上有何不同之處?(4分)
閱讀下面三首關于項羽的詩,然后做題。(12分)
題烏江亭 杜牧
勝敗兵家事不期,包羞忍辱是男兒。江東子弟多才俊,卷土重來未可知。
烏江亭  王安石
百戰疲勞壯士哀,中原一敗勢難回。江東子弟今雖在,肯與君王卷土來?
烏 江  李清照
生當作人杰,死亦為鬼雄。至今思項羽,不肯過江東。
21這三首詩詠的都是西楚霸王項羽,但對項羽評價的角度并不一樣,他們的角度分別是什么?
第一首是從___________角度來評價的。(2分)
第二首是從____________角度來評價的。(2分)
第三首是從____________角度來評價的。(2分)
21這三首詩借對項羽的評價分別表達了什么觀點?
①________________________________________________________________________(2分)
②________________________________________________________________________(2分)
③________________________________________________________________________(2分)
語文知識綜合運用:(共7分)
22、下面這首詩的每一句都可以想象成一個電影鏡頭,前兩個鏡頭的腳本已寫出,請續寫后兩個。要求:①按照詩意來設計場景和人物的神態動作;②想象合理;③每個鏡頭腳本的字數不超過40字。(7分)
采蓮子 [唐]皇甫松
船動湖光滟滟秋,貪看年少信船流。無端隔水拋蓮子,遙被人知半日羞。
【場景】
湖邊,采蓮船上。
【人物】
采蓮女,小伙子,女伴。
鏡頭一:秋日湖上,波光粼粼。一位美麗的姑娘搖著采蓮船從荷花叢中劃出,左顧右盼。
鏡頭二:忽見岸上有位英俊少年。姑娘悄然心動,癡癡地看著他,竟忘記了搖槳,任憑船兒飄蕩。
鏡頭三:_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
鏡頭四:
寫作:(共60分)
23、閱讀下面文字,根據要求作文
陶淵明拒絕為五斗米折腰而歸隱;李白拒絕摧眉折腰事權貴而縱情于山水;項羽拒絕了屈辱地活著,選擇了自刎;司馬遷為了理想拒絕了死。一次拒絕就是一段佳話,你有拒絕別人或被別人拒絕的經歷嗎?
請以“拒絕”為話題寫一篇作文
要求:①中心突出,結構完整。
②字數不得少于800字。
③不得套作,不得抄襲。

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