資源簡介 2012年下期高二級期中考試歷 史一、選擇題(本大題共12小題,每小題4分,共48分,在給出的四個選項中,只有一項是最符合題意的。)12.孟子曾批判某家學說:“是無父也。無父無君,是禽獸也”。司馬遷也說它:“使天下法若此,則尊卑無別也。”他們批判的是( )A.儒家的“仁政”思想 B.墨家的“兼愛”思想C.法家的“刑不避大夫”思想 D.荀子的“性惡論”思想21世紀教育網13.馮天瑜《中華文化史》對董仲舒學說的評價有這樣一段描述:“……董仲舒學說的消極影響也是嚴重的……我們民族性格中的封閉自我,盲目自足,因循守舊,不思進取等等劣根性,都與之直接相關。”以下哪一學說對上述的影響最大( ) A.“大一統” B.“罷黜百家,獨尊儒術” C.“天人感應”、“天人合一” D.“三綱五常”14.南宋的乾道年間,岳麓書院達到鼎盛時期。書院的指導思想是反對科舉利祿之學、培養傳道濟民的人才。在教學方面,提出“循序漸進”,“學思并進"、“慎思審擇”等原則,由此可知( )21世紀教育網A.該書院的理念傾向朱熹的理學 B.該書院受陸九淵的影響最大C.該書院的宗旨有與朝廷對抗的內容 D.該書院的教學方法完全獨創15.柳宗元《封建論》指出:秦始皇建立帝國,以郡縣取代封建,固然出自“一己之私”,卻成就了“天下之公”。黃宗羲《明夷待訪錄》批評皇帝是“以我之大私為天下之公”,以滿足君主“一己之私”。以下對柳、黃二人的觀點,理解正確的是( )①柳宗元的目的是肯定帝制的合理性②黃宗羲對帝制的批判符合當時的社會現實③二人所處時代不同,批判的內涵不同,都有其合理性④兩種觀點恰好相反,所以其中應該有一個是錯誤的 A.①②③④ B.①②③ C.②③④ D.②③16.2011年5月6日,新華網發表評論說:“醉駕入刑”體現了人對生命的尊重,是對民意的呼應,是現代社會的理性選擇。下列與此觀點所體現的精神類似的是 A.“人是會說話的工具” B.“存天理,滅人欲” C.“人是萬物的尺度” D.“信奉圣經,獻身上帝”17.啟蒙運動中一位思想家曾談到,“難道農民的兒子生來頸上帶著圈,而貴族的兒子生來在腿上帶著踢馬刺嗎 ?……一切享有各種天然能力的人,顯然是平等的。……除了法律之外,不依賴任何別的東西,這就是自由人”。這段話所體現的思想是( )A.權利應當“制約與平衡” B.自由平等,天賦人權 C.主權在于人民 D.人非工具18.1521年有教皇代表與馬丁?路德辯論說:信仰無法安穩地奠基于《圣經》,因為“《圣經》就像軟蠟一樣,可以讓每一個人隨興所至地扭或拉”。他們的主要分歧在于( )A.教會是否腐敗 21世紀教育網 B.信仰是否必要C.信徒能否僅僅依靠信仰得救 D.《圣經》能否作為信仰的基礎19.下表是《中國的世界記錄》收錄的中國古代科技成果統計情況,形成表格所示這種局面的原因有( )項目數學天文、歷法、氣象地學化學農學機械水利輕工兵器數量21世紀教育網2225259257788①統治階級的重視和支持 ②發展農業的需求③傳統科學注重應用學科 ④科舉取士的促進A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④20.從漢賦、唐詩、宋詞、明清小說等主流文學表達形式的變化看,中國古代文學的發展趨勢是( ) A.逐漸平民化 B.逐漸貴族化 C.逐漸規范化 D.逐漸虛擬化21.書法顯現了東方審美情趣,圖4是2008年北京奧運會場館的部分標識,融入了中國書法藝術。其構思取材于( )A.草書 B.篆書C.楷書 D.行書22.每年中秋前后,前往錢塘江觀潮的游客絡繹不絕,最能科學解釋錢塘江大潮成因的科學家是( )A.伽利略 B.牛頓 C.愛因斯坦 D.普朗克23.“隨著19世紀的過去,科學成為西方社會的一個日益重要的部分……到它為久已建立的工業作出基本貢獻的19世紀末,它正在創造全新的工業。”下列能說明這一觀點的是( )A.伽利略開創了近代科學 B.達爾文建立起生物進化論C.牛頓的萬有引力定律和力學三定律 D.法拉第電磁感應理論二、材料題(本大題共2小題,其中第38題24分,第39題28分,共52分)38.閱讀下列材料,回答有關問題(本題共24分)材料一:我國宋元明清時期的科學文化成果傳播到歐洲,對歐洲產生了重大影響。……17世 紀末至18世紀末,歐洲出現了前所未有的“中國熱”,許多思想家將中國 作為參照,探討歐洲的諸多問題。……在官僚制度方面,他們對中國科舉制度發生了濃厚的興趣,認為這種制度提供了這樣一種保障,即政府將以個人的才能為基礎,而非歐洲那樣,為世襲權力所支配,故科舉制不失為一種民主和平等的制度。材料二:英國著名科技史學家李約瑟博士在《中國科學技術史》中寫道:“在公元3世紀到13世紀之間,中國曾保持令西方望塵莫及的科學技術水平,那時中國的發明和發現遠遠超過同時代的歐洲,這一點可以毫不費力地加以證明。……但16世紀以后,歐洲誕生了近代科學,中國的文明卻沒有能夠產生與歐洲相似的近代科學。”科學史上把這個問題稱為“李約瑟難題”。21世紀教育網材料三:請回答:(1)結合材料二和所學知識,概述我國宋元明清時期傳播到歐洲的文化成果及其對歐洲社會發展的影響。(9分)[來源(2)結合16世紀以后中國的時代特征分析出現材料二中“李約瑟難題”的原因。(9分)(3)結合所學知識,分析材料三中人物的發明對人類生產力的巨大推動作用。(6分)39.閱讀下列材料,回答問題:(28分)古往今來,不少思想家對人性作過認真的思考。閱讀下列材料并回答問題:(13分)材料一:人性之善也,猶水之就下也。人無有不善,水無有不下。……人皆有不忍人之心。先王有不忍人之心,斯有不忍人之政矣。 ——孟軻《孟子.告予上》材料二:若夫目好色,耳好聽,口好味,心好利,骨體膚理好愉佚,是皆生于人之情性者也……是性人為之所生,其不同之征也。……故圣人化性而起偽,偽起而生禮義,禮義生而利法度。——荀況《荀子·性惡》材料三:知是心之體,心自然會知。見父自然知孝,見兄自然知悌,見孺子入井自然知側隱,此便是良知,不假外求。——王陽明《傳習錄》[來源:21世紀教育網]材料四:因為我們還不知道美德的本性和性質,我們也必須在一個假設之下來問美德是否由教育而來的問題,就像這樣:如果美德是屬于這樣一類心靈的善,它是否應該由教育而來?讓我們假設第一個假設是知識或不是知識——在這種情形之下,它是由教育來的或不是由教育來的?……但美德是否由教育而來的呢?或毋寧說,是否每一個人都能看到只有知識是由教育而來的呢?——蘇格拉底材料五:如果人是天使,那就不需要政府了。如果是天使統治人,就不需要對政府有任何外來的或內在的限制了。……人總是要追求其個人私利的。要改變人性,就像要阻擋狂流一樣困難。聰明的立法者應該巧妙地通過改變河道而對其加以引導,并在可能的情況下將其導向公共利益方面。 ——美國政治家漢密爾頓請回答: (1)綜合材料一、二,結合所學知識,比較荀子與孟子的人性觀和政治主張的不同點,(6分)二人政治主張的共同目的是什么?(3分) (2)根據材料三并結合所學知識回答,王陽明認為應怎樣加強道德修養?(3分)(3)結合材料和所學知識,談談儒家思想的歷史地位和作用。(6分)(4)根據材料四概括蘇格拉底的思想。(3分) (5)據材料五分析,漢密爾頓主張對政府進行“外來的或內在的限制”的原因是什么?(2分)結合所學知識,指出美國1787年憲法對政府進行了怎樣的“內在的限制”?(2分)綜合上述材料,與其他思想家相比,漢密爾頓主張如何對人性進行規范引導?(3分)歷史答題卡選擇題(本大題共12小題,每小題4分,共48分)題號121314151617181920212223答案材料題(本大題共2小題,第38題24分,第39題28分,共52分)[來源:21世紀教育網]21世紀教育網[來源:21世紀教育網]21世紀教育網歷史參考答案一、選擇題:12——16:BDADC 17——23:BCAAB BD二、材料題:21世紀教育網38.(1)成果及影響:指南針,為新航路的開辟創造了條件;印刷術,推動文藝復興和宗教改革運動,有利于思想解放和社會進步;火藥,成為新興資產階級戰勝封建貴族和進行殖民擴張的有力武器;科舉制度,成為啟蒙思想家反對封建等級制度的思想武器。(任意回答3點即可得9分)。21世紀教育網(2)政治上,封建專制空前加強,封建制度走向沒落;經濟上,自然經濟占據統治的地位,資本主義萌芽發展緩慢,中國的科技發展缺乏動力;思想上,傳統文化束縛了人們的思想;21世紀教育網對外交流上,海禁和閉關鎖國阻礙了中外科技的交流。(任意3點即可得9分)(3)瓦特的改良蒸汽機帶人類進入“蒸汽時代”;法拉第的電磁感應現象帶人類進入“電氣時代”。21世紀教育網39.(1)異:孟子:人性善;荀子:人性惡(2分);孟子要實行仁政擴充人的善性,荀子強調用禮樂法度來規范人的行為。(4分)共同目的:都是為了實現社會穩定,促進社會和諧。(3分)(2)致良知和知行合一。(3分)21世紀教育網(3)儒學是中華傳統文化和民族精神的核心;是人類文明寶貴遺產的重要組成部分;對中國和世界文明的進步和發展作出了重大貢獻。 (任意兩點,6分)(4)美德即知識;(美德是由教育而來的)(3分)(5)人性惡。(2分)三權分立。(2分) 21世紀教育網 漢密爾頓主張通過法律對人性加以規范引導(3分)2012年下期高二級期中考試地 理一、選擇題(每小題4分)1、2009年年末美國爆發甲型流感并傳播到中國。為預防禽流感提供科學依據,分析全球甲型流感的時空動態可應用的地理信息技術是( )A.GPS B.RS C.EOS D.GIS2、下列因素中長江中下游平原地區由開發早期的限制因素變為現在有利因素的是( ) A 稠密的水系 B 黏重的土壤 C 便利的交通 D 平坦的地形3、秦嶺——淮河一線是我國重要的地理分界線,下列敘述正確的是( ) A.秦嶺淮河作為自然分界線是明確的,無過渡性B.所劃分的地區可進一步劃分 C.線北的地區降水都在800mm以下 D.秦嶺——淮河與行政區邊界重合4、田納西河兩岸能夠形成一條“工業走廊”主要得益于( ) A.豐富的礦產資源 B.旅游業的帶動作用 C.便利的航運條件 D.全國最大的電力供應基地5、圍繞能源開發,山西省構建的產業鏈是( ) 煤—電—鋁 煤—焦—化 煤—氣—液 煤—鐵—鋼 煤—電—鋼A B C D [來源:21世紀教育網]21世紀教育網2010年7月28日8時,流量為56 000 m3/s的洪峰抵達三峽大壩。這是繼7 月20日70 000 m3/s的洪峰過境后,三峽大壩今年迎來的第二次大洪峰考驗。據此回答6—7題6、三峽工程的首要任務是 ( )A防洪? ????????????B.發電 ???????????C.航運? ??????????D.灌溉7、由于三峽工程的作用,防洪壓力大大減輕的地區有???( )A 成都平原 B四川盆地 C江漢平原 D珠江三角洲下圖所示地區為我國某區域圖。讀圖,回答8~9題。21世紀教育網8.圖中A地區有利于葡萄釀酒業發展的自然條件是??????????????????????????? ( )21世紀教育網A.氣候干旱,降水稀少 ??????????????????????????????B.光照充足,晝夜溫差大C.冰川融水多,灌溉便利? ???????????????????????????D.地勢平坦,黑土肥沃9.圖中A地區在農業發展中土壤鹽堿化問題嚴重,其產生的主要原因是???????? ( )①緯度較高,凍土發育,含鹽水分不易下滲 ②氣候干旱,降水少,蒸發旺盛 ③農業耕種過程中,長期采用大水漫灌的灌溉方式 ④地處河谷地區,水流平緩,對土壤侵蝕作用微弱A.①②? ?????????B.①③? ?????????C.②③ ???????????D.③④讀下圖,回答10~11題。10.該地區形成工業基地的主要區位條件有( )①豐富的煤鐵資源 ②肥沃的土壤 ③便利的交通運輸④優越的氣候條件A.②③ B.①③C.②④ D.①④11.加快本區資源枯竭型城市經濟轉型的有效途徑中,不包括( )A.加大產業結構調整力度B.推動高新技術產業發展21世紀教育網C.大力發展水產養殖業D.增強企業自主創新能力二、綜合題(56分)1、甲、乙、丙三圖為世界著名大河的地理示意圖。(30分)甲圖 乙圖 丙圖(1)甲圖所示的是___________ 河;乙圖所示的是___________;丙圖所示為密西西比河支流俄亥俄河上流最長、水量最大的支流___________ 。(6分) (2)甲圖所示河流徑流相對較小,因為該河大部分流經___________氣候區,導致該流域內水資源供不應求,甚至引發紛爭。而乙圖所示河流量最大,因為該河大部分流經 ___________氣候區。(4分)(3)乙圖所示河流是世界最大的___________ 林區,現在由于___________ 、___________、___________,導致生態環境惡化,引起世界的關注。(6分)(4)丙河的開發以____________________作為核心,在___________ 、___________、___________ 、___________ 、___________ 、 ___________ 、等方面實現了統一開發和管理。(14分)1.讀“山西省主要煤田和煤礦的分布圖”,回答:21世紀教育網[來源:21世紀教育網](1)寫出下列字母代表的煤田A___________B__________C___________ D___________ E___________F___________(6分)(2)山西煤炭外運的三大通道是___________線、___________ 線、___________ 線,通過三大通道運到港口后主要運往到我國___________和___________。(10分)(3)對該區域能源開發和產業發展不利的自然資源因素有______________________________________________________________________(4分)(4)從能源消費結構和我國實際分析我國重視煤炭和能源新產業的原因_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(6分)21世紀教育網地理答題卡一、選擇題1234567[來源:21世紀教育網]89101121世紀教育網二、綜合題(56分)1、甲、乙、丙三圖為世界著名大河的地理示意圖。(30分)甲圖 乙圖 丙圖(1)甲圖所示的是___________ 河;乙圖所示的是___________;丙圖所示為密西西比河支流俄亥俄河上流最長、水量最大的支流___________ 。(6分) (2)甲圖所示河流徑流相對較小,因為該河大部分流經___________氣候區,導致該流域內水資源供不應求,甚至引發紛爭。而乙圖所示河流量最大,因為該河大部分流經 ___________氣候區。(4分)(3)乙圖所示河流是世界最大的___________ 林區,現在由于___________ 、___________、___________,導致生態環境惡化,引起世界的關注。(6分)(4)丙河的開發以____________________作為核心,在___________ 、___________、___________ 、___________ 、___________ 、 ___________ 、等方面實現了統一開發和管理。(14分)1.讀“山西省主要煤田和煤礦的分布圖”,回答:21世紀教育網(1)寫出下列字母代表的煤田A___________B__________C___________ D___________ E___________F___________(6分)(2)山西煤炭外運的三大通道是___________線、___________ 線、___________ 線,通過三大通道運到港口后主要運往到我國___________和___________。(10分)(3)對該區域能源開發和產業發展不利的自然資源因素有______________________________________________________________________(4分)(4)從能源消費結構和我國實際分析我國重視煤炭和能源新產業的原因_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(6分)地理參考答案選擇題(每小題4分)1—5 DABDB21世紀教育網6—11ACBCBC 21世紀教育網綜合題(共56分)1、(1)尼羅 亞馬孫河 田納西河(2)熱帶沙漠 熱帶雨林21世紀教育網21世紀教育網(3)熱帶雨林 亂砍濫伐 毀林開荒21世紀教育網(4)河流的梯級開發 防洪 發電 航運 灌溉 養殖 旅游21世紀教育網2、(1)河東煤田 大同煤田 魯寧武煤田 霍西煤田 沁水煤田 西山煤田(2)大秦 神黃 焦— —日 華東地區 華南地區(3)生態脆弱 水資源不足21世紀教育網(4) 煤炭資源豐富,開采條件好;能源需求量增加; 能源消費多元化的需要2012年下期高二級期中考試政 治24、農歷“龍”年到來之際,不少商家推出各類產品展現傳統生肖“龍”文化,深受百姓喜愛。這說明( )(1)文化傳承離不開一定的物質載體 (2)文化是人們社會實踐的產物(3)文化能促進經濟的發展 (4)文化對人的影響具有深遠持久的特點A (1)(4) B(1)(3) C(2)(3) D(2)(4)25、《十二五時期文化產業倍增計劃》指出,“十二五”期間,文化部門管理的文化產業增加值年平均現價增長速度高于20%,2015年比2010年至少翻一番,實現倍增。大力發展文化產業的依據有( )(1)文化與經濟相互交融 (2)文化是國家核心競爭力的重要因素(3)經濟、政治決定文化 (4)經濟的文化含量日益提高21世紀教育網A(1)(2) B(2)(3) C(2)(4) D(3)(4)26、近一時期,喬布斯與蘋果公司備受關注。蘋果公司賣的不僅是iphone、ipad,更是一種文化。文化是“蘋果”的賣點,也是這家全球市值最高科技企業的靈魂。這表明( )(1)精神產品離不開一定的物質載體 (2)文化與經濟的交融不斷加深(3)商業貿易是文化傳播的重要途徑 (4)要重視提高商品的文化含量A(1) B(1)(2) C(1)(2)(3) D(1)(2)(3)(4)27、有人說:蘋果電子引領了世界潮流,它不僅僅是一件產品,更是一種信仰。這句話說明( )(1)在時代發展的進程中,物質產品附著文化的內容 (2)文化是經濟的集中表現,并促進經濟的發展 (3) 經濟與文化密不可分,呈現雙向運動 (4)文化作為一種精神力量能直接轉化為物質力量A(1)(3) B(2)(3) C(1)(4) D(2)(4)28、“節日的本質是精神的。看似一些民俗形式,實則是人們在高揚心中的生活情感與理想”在馮驥才先生看來,民族節日是( )[來源:21世紀教育網](1)民族情感的集中表達 (2)歷史文化成就的重要標志 (3)民族文化的集中展示 (4)維系民族的精神紐帶A(1)(2) B(1)(3) C(2)(4) D(3)(4)29、隨著經濟的全球化,城市的開放、文化的交流,規劃師和建筑師的流動一級材料技術的通用,我們看到,世界各地的城市越來越趨同,街道越來越相似,建筑越來越一樣。這種現象啟示我們( )(1)要保護不同民族和國家文化特色 (2)不同國家的文化從形式到內容應該是完全不同的 (3)文化首先是民族的,才是世界的 (4)要維護世界文化多樣性A(1)(2) B(3)(4) C(2)(3) D(1)(4)21世紀教育網30、好萊塢電影《功夫熊貓》的文化元素多半的中國的,功夫是中國的,熊貓是中國的,場景是中國的,但熊貓阿寶怎么看都不像中國的大俠。這告訴我們( )(1)文化符號比文化精神更重要 (2)繁榮我國文化應借鑒好萊塢的文化創新理念 (3)繁榮我國文化的關鍵是繼承我國的傳統文化 (4)文化既是民族的,又是世界的A(1)(2) B(2)(4) C(1)(3) D(3)(4)31、孔子設立私學,廣收門徒,促進了儒家思想的傳播與傳承,使儒家學說千百年來為中國歷朝所廣泛尊崇。這告訴我們( )(1)教育是文化發展創新的根本途徑 (2)教育具有文化傳遞的特定功能 (3)教育是文化傳播的一個重要途徑 (4)實現文化創新,需要博采眾長A(1)(2) B(3)(4) C(2)(3) D(1)(4)32、中華各族人民共同創造的中華文化源遠流長,博大精深,是中華民族生生不息,團結奮進的不竭動力。下列體現中華文化“源遠流長,一脈相承”的是( )21世紀教育網21世紀教育網(1)聞名中外的敦煌石窟,云岡石窟、龍門石窟等都是中華文化的瑰寶 (2)今天的漢字由甲骨文演化而來 (3)《資治通鑒》為后世所傳,被歷代統治階級借鑒 (4)中華文化具有包容性A(2)(3) B(1)(2)(3) C(2)(3)(4) D(1)(2)(3)(4)21世紀教育網21世紀教育網33、少數民族傳統體育項目是極具民族特色的“原生態”民族文化,是各少數民族在長期的歷史發展過程中,為抵御外來侵略、抵抗疾病、自然災害以及耕種、祭祀、慶賀等活動演變而來的,都是中國文化的瑰寶,這表明( )21世紀教育網(1)各個民族文化的差異逐步消失 (2)中華文化源遠流長、博大精深 (3)中華文化具有兼收并蓄的特點 (4)中華文化是個性和共性的統一A(1)(2) B(1)(3) C(3)(4) D(2)(4)34、漢字是中華文化源遠流長的見證,但漢字中的沙發、巧克力等詞匯來自英文;指導我們革命和現代化建設的思想理論——馬克思主義更是由國外傳入的。這說明( )A中華文化是現代文明的產物 B文化發展必須植根于外來文化C中華文化具有巨大的包容性 D文化和經濟、政治是緊密相連的35、“窮且益堅,不墜青云之志。”唐代詩人王勃的這句名言體現的民族精神是( )A團結統一 B愛好和平 C勤勞勇敢 D自強不息21世紀教育網36、閱讀材料,回答下列問題 材料一:2011年初,隨著“中國國家形象片”——《人物篇》和《角度篇》在一些國家的熱播,“中國形象”成為媒體熱議的話題。話題一:文化是國家形象的靈魂。文化在中國國家形象的塑造和推廣中發揮著重要作用,如蘊含著團圓、和諧理念的中國春節,日益成為中外文化交流的平臺,也帶來了新的商機;孔子學院的發展使越來越多的外國人了解中國:“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平的科技創新成就贏得了世界贊譽……中華文化的發展和傳播擴大了中國的影響力,提升了國家形象,增強了炎黃子孫的民族自豪感。 材料二:上海世博會上,各國展館紛紛展示本民族文化的獨特風采,如丹麥“小美人魚”、盧森堡的“金色少女”像……同時,許多外國展館也都嵌入了中華文化元素,如意大利館的“福”字,挪威館的“中國紅”……21世紀教育網材料三:動漫大片《田螺遺夢》是我國文化百花園中的一朵奇葩。作品取材于中國民間傳說,剔除了其中帶有迷信、頹廢、庸俗色彩的內容,突出了中國文化和而不同的價值理念。作品制作運用了目前國際最高水準的動畫電影技術,注入了國際動漫作品所特有的神幻色彩,從而使作品更具國際口味。作品多次參加國際國內動漫節和電影節,摘取了多個獎項,贏得了國內外的好評。結合材料一,運用文化作用的知識,談談你對上述材料的理解。(12分)[來源:21世紀教育網]結合材料二,從文化生活的角度分析為什么文化既是民族的,又是世界的?(9分)[來源:21世紀教育網]結合材料三,說明動漫大片《田螺遺夢》的成功,體現了“文化傳承與創新”中的哪些道理?(9分)材料一:鄭和七下西洋,祈“和順方方,共享太平之福”,同時進行不以盈利為目的的朝貢貿易;林則徐冷眼向洋看世界,魏源主張“師夷長技以制夷”;孫中山考察各國興衰,指出“國力之盛衰強弱,常在海而不在陸”。早期西方海上列強通過殖民擴張和掠奪性貿易爭奪海外市場和資源,大力開發和經營海洋。美國海權論創始人馬漢指出:“所有帝國的興衰,決定性因素在于是否控制了海洋。”21世紀是海洋的世紀,中國以博大的胸襟面向世界,主張推動建設持久和平,共同繁榮的和諧世界。材料二:一個民族在災難中失去的,必將以民族的進步獲得補償。中華民族歷來具有在艱難困苦中不屈不撓、團結奮戰的光榮傳統。不論多大的災難,都壓不彎她提拔的脊梁。1998年抗洪搶險,幾十萬官兵和百萬民眾同洪水展開殊死搏斗,形成了偉大的抗洪精神。2003年“非典”疫情蔓延,黨和政府帶領全國人民群防群控,攻克時艱。2008年冰雪“冰封”半個中國,全國人民用愛心將冰雪融化。汶川、玉樹特大地震撕裂了大地,全國人民心手相連,奮力救災,災難考驗了中華民族,也冶煉了中華民族。“任何困難都難不倒英雄的中國人民”。根據材料一所給的信息,請你運用中華文化包容性的知識,就樹立正確的海洋意識提出建議。(12分)結合材料二,運用《文化生活》中的相關知識,指出上述材料體現了什么精神,并說明這種精神在中國人民戰勝災難的過程中所起的作用。(10分)21世紀教育網2012年下期高二級期中考試文科數學一、選擇題(本大題共8小題,每小題5分,共40分)1.下列條件中,能判斷兩個平面平行的是A.一個平面內的一條直線平行于另一個平面;B.一個平面內的兩條直線平行于另一個平面C.一個平面內有無數條直線平行于另一個平面D.一個平面內任何一條直線都平行于另一個平面 2..平面α上有不共線三點到平面β的距離相等,則α與β的位置關系為 (A)平行 (B)相交 (C)平行或相交 (D)垂直3..給定下列四個命題: ①若一個平面內的兩條直線與另一個平面都平行,那么這兩個平面相互平行; ②若一個平面經過另一個平面的垂線,那么這兩個平面相互垂直; ③垂直于同一直線的兩條直線相互平行; ④若兩個平面垂直,那么一個平面內與它們的交線不垂直的直線與另一個平面也不垂直. 其中,為真命題的是A.①和② B.②和③ C.③和④ D.②和④ 4.棱長都是1的三棱錐的表面積為( ) A. B. C. D.5.利用斜二測畫法得到的 [來源:21世紀教育網] ①三角形的直觀圖一定是三角形; ②正方形的直觀圖一定是菱形; ③等腰梯形的直觀圖可以是平行四邊形; ④菱形的直觀圖一定是菱形. 以上結論正確的是 A.①② B. ① C.③④ D. ①②③④ 6.三棱錐P—ABC中,若PA⊥平面ABC,∠ACB=90°,那么在三棱錐的側面和底面中,直角三角形的個數為 A.4個 B. 3個 C. 2個 D. 1個7.一個球的外切正方體的全面積等于6 cm2,則此球的體積為 A. B. C. D. 8.如右圖為一個幾何體的三視圖,其中府視圖為正三角形,A1B1=2,AA1=4,則該幾何體的表面積為21世紀教育網 A. B. C. D.32 9.若l、m、n是互不相同的空間直線,,是不重合的平面,則下列命題中為真命題的是A.若,則 B.若,則 C. 若,則 D.若,則⊥10.在平面內有≥條直線,其中任何兩條不平行,任何三條不過同一點,若這條直線把平面分成個平面區域,則等于( )A.18 B.22 C.24 D.32二、填空題(本大題共4小題,每小題5分,共20分11.E,F, G分別是四面體ABCD的棱BC,CD,DA的中點,則此四面體中與過E,F,G的截面平行的棱的條數是 條 12.圓柱的側面展開圖是邊長為4的正方形,則圓柱的體積是 13. 如下圖則該幾何體的側面積為 21世紀教育網[來源:21世紀教育網] 14. 已知是兩個不同的平面,m、n是平面之外的兩條不同的直線,給出四個論斷: ①m⊥n,②,③,④。 以其中三個論斷作為條件,余下一個論斷作為結論,寫出你認為正確的一個命題______________。[來源:21世紀教育網]三.解答題(本大題共6小題,共80分)15. (12分)如圖,正三棱柱的底面邊長是2,側棱長是,D是AC的中點.求證:平面.16. (12分)一個正三棱柱的三視圖如圖所示,求這個正三棱錐的表面積。17.(14分)如圖,四棱錐中,底面是正方形,是正方形的中心,底面,是的中點.求證:(Ⅰ)∥平面;(Ⅱ)平面平面.21世紀教育網18. (14分)如圖4,是圓柱的母線,是圓柱底面圓的直徑,是底面圓周上異于的任意一點, .(1)求證:⊥平面;(2)求三棱錐的體積的最大值.21世紀教育網19.(14分)一個幾何體是由圓柱和三棱錐組合而成,點、、在圓的圓周上,其正(主)視圖、側(左)視圖的面積分別為10和12,如圖2所示,其中,,,. (1)求證:;(2)求三棱錐的體積.21世紀教育網21世紀教育網20. (14分)如圖,正四棱柱中,底面邊長為,側棱長為4,E、F分別為AB、BC的中點,。 (1)求證:平面; (2)求點到平面的距離d; (3)求三棱錐的體積V。21世紀教育網文科數學參考答案一、選擇題。1-4DCDA, 5-8BACC, 9-10DB二、填空題.11.2 12. 13.80 14. 三.解答題15.證明:設與相交于點P,連接PD,則P為中點,D為AC中點,PD//.又PD平面D,//平面D 21世紀教育網21世紀教育網16.解:由三視圖知正三棱錐的高為2mm 由左視圖知正三棱錐的底面三角形的高為 設底面邊長為a,則 ∴正三棱柱的表面積 17.證明:(Ⅰ)連結.∵是的中點, 是的中點,21世紀教育網∴∥,又∵平面,平面,∴∥平面.(Ⅱ)∵底面,∴,又∵,且=,∴平面.而平面,∴平面平面.18.(1)證明:∵是圓周上異于、的一點,且為直徑,∴. ∵⊥面,面,∴.∵面,面,∴面.21世紀教育網(2)解法1:設,在Rt△ 中,(0<x<2, 故(0<x<2, 即. ∵,∴當,即時,三棱錐的體積的最大值為.19.(1)證明:因為,,所以,即.又因為,,所以面.因為,所以.(2)解:因為點、、在圓的圓周上,且,所以為圓的直徑.21世紀教育網設圓的半徑為,圓柱高為,根據正(主)視圖、側(左)視圖的面積可得, 解得 所以,.由(1)知,面,所以. 因為,,所以,即.其中,因為,,21世紀教育網所以. 所以.20.(1)如圖,連結AC ∵正四棱柱的底面呈正方形 ∴AC⊥BD 又AC⊥ ∴AC⊥平面 ∵E、F分別為AB、BC的中點∴EF//AC ∴EF⊥平面 ∴平面 解(2)在對角面中,作,垂足為H ∵平面,且平面平面 ∴21世紀教育網 ∴為點到平面的距離 在Rt△中, (2) 21世紀教育網2012年下期高二級期中考試理科數學一、選擇題(本大題共8小題,每小題5分,共40分)1.利用斜二測畫法得到的 ①三角形的直觀圖一定是三角形;21世紀教育網 ②正方形的直觀圖一定是菱形; ③等腰梯形的直觀圖可以是平行四邊形; ④菱形的直觀圖一定是菱形. 以上結論正確的是 A.①② B. ① C.③④ D. ①②③④ 2..平面α上有不共線三點到平面β的距離相等,則α與β的位置關系為 (A)平行 (B)相交 (C)平行或相交 (D)垂直3..給定下列四個命題: ①若一個平面內的兩條直線與另一個平面都平行,那么這兩個平面相互平行; ②若一個平面經過另一個平面的垂線,那么這兩個平面相互垂直; ③垂直于同一直線的兩條直線相互平行; ④若兩個平面垂直,那么一個平面內與它們的交線不垂直的直線與另一個平面也不垂直. 其中,為真命題的是 A.①和② B.②和③ C.③和④ D.②和④ 4.三棱錐P—ABC中,若PA⊥平面ABC,∠ACB=90°,那么在三棱錐的側面和底面中,直角三角形的個數為 A.4個 B. 3個 C. 2個 D. 1個5.若l、m、n是互不相同的空間直線,,是不重合的平面,則下列命題中為真命題的是A.若,則 B.若,則 C. 若,則D.若,則⊥6.已知某幾何體的三視圖如右圖所示,則該幾何體的表面積是A. B. C. D.6 7.在棱長為2的正方體中,O是底面ABCD的中心,E、F分別是、AD的中點,那么異面直線OE和所成的角的余弦值等于[來源:21世紀教育網] A. B. C. D.8.設E,F是正方體AC1的棱AB和D1C1的中點,在正方體的12條面對角線中,與截面A1ECF成60°角的對角線的數目是A.0 B.2 C.4 D.6二、填空題(本大題共6小題,每小題5分,共30分) 21世紀教育網9.E,F,G分別是四面體ABCD的棱BC,CD,DA的中點,則此四面體中與過E,F,G的截面平行的棱的條數是 條 10.圓柱的側面展開圖是邊長為4的正方形,則圓柱的體積是 11. 如下圖則該幾何體的側面積為 12. 已知是兩個不同的平面,m、n是平面之外的兩條不同的直線,給出四個論斷: ①m⊥n,②,③,④。 以其中三個論斷作為條件,余下一個論斷作為結論,寫出你認為正確的一個命題______________。13.已知邊長為的正三角形ABC中,E、F分別為BC和AC的中點,PA⊥面ABC,且PA=2,設平面過PF且與AE平行,則AE與平面間的距離為 . 21世紀教育網14.棱長都為2的直平行六面體ABCD—A1B1C1D1中,∠BAD=60°,則對角線A1C與側面DCC1D1所成角的余弦值為________.三、解答題(本大題共6小題,每小題5分,共30分)15.(12分)如圖,正三棱柱的底面邊長是2,側棱長是,D是AC的中點.求證:平面.16. (12分)一個正三棱柱的三視圖如圖所示,求這個正三棱錐的表面積。 21世紀教育網17.(14分)如圖,四棱錐中,底面是正方形,是正方形的中心,底面,是的中點.求證:(Ⅰ)∥平面;(Ⅱ)平面平面.21世紀教育網18. (14分)如圖4,是圓柱的母線,是圓柱底面圓的直徑,是底面圓周上異于的任意一點, .(1)求證:⊥平面;(2)求三棱錐的體積的最大值.21世紀教育網19.(14分)一個幾何體是由圓柱和三棱錐組合而成,點、、在圓的圓周上,其正(主)視圖、側(左)視圖的面積分別為10和12,如圖2所示,其中,,,. (1)求證:;(2)求三棱錐的體積.[來源:21世紀教育網]20.如圖,在四棱錐P—ABCD中,底面ABCD是平行四邊形,∠BAD=60°,AB=4,AD=2,側棱PB=,PD=。21世紀教育網[來源:21世紀教育網](1)求證:BD⊥平面PAD;(2)若PD與底面ABCD成60°的角,試求二面角P—BC—A的正切值。理科數學參考答案[來源:21世紀教育網]一、選擇題。1-4BCDA 5-8DCDC二、填空題.9.2 10. 11.80 12. 13. 14. 三.解答題15.證明:設與相交于點P,連接PD,則P為中點,D為AC中點,PD//.21世紀教育網又PD平面D,//平面D 21世紀教育網16.解:由三視圖知正三棱錐的高為2mm 由左視圖知正三棱錐的底面三角形的高為 設底面邊長為a,則 ∴正三棱柱的表面積 17.證明:(Ⅰ)連結.∵是的中點,是的中點,∴∥,又∵平面,平面,∴∥平面.(Ⅱ)∵底面,∴,又∵,且=,∴平面.[來源:21世紀教育網]而平面,∴平面平面.18.(1)證明:∵是圓周上異于、的一點,且為直徑,∴. ∵⊥面,面,∴.∵面,面,∴面.(2)解法1:設,在Rt△ 中,(0<x<2, 故(0<x<2, 即. ∵,∴當,即時,三棱錐的體積的最大值為.19.(1)證明:因為,,所以,即.又因為,,所以面.因為,所以.(2)解:因為點、、在圓的圓周上,且,所以為圓的直徑.設圓的半徑為,圓柱高為,根據正(主)視圖、側(左)視圖的面積可得, 解得 所以,.由(1)知,面,所以. 因為,,所以,即.其中,因為,,所以. 所以.21世紀教育網20.解 (1)由已知AB=4,AD=2,∠BAD=60°,得BD2=AD2+AB2-2AD·ABcos60° =4+16-2×2×4×=12。∴AB2=AD2+BD2,∴△ABD是直角三角形,∠ADB=90°,即AD⊥BD。在△PDB中,PD=,PB=,BD=,∴PB2=PD2+BD2,故得PD⊥BD。又PD∩AD=D,∴BD⊥平面PAD。(2)∵BD⊥平面PAD,BD平面ABCD,∴平面PAD⊥平面ABCD。作PE⊥AD于E,又PE平面PAD,∴PE⊥平面ABCD,∴∠PDE是PD與底面BCD所成的角,∴∠PDE=60°,∴PE=PDsin60°=·=。作EF⊥BC于F,連PF,則PF⊥BC,∴∠PFE是二面角P—BC—A的平面角。又EF=BD=,∴在Rt△PEF中,21世紀教育網tan∠PFE===。高二級理科綜合中考試題一、單選題1、下列有關“低溫誘導植物染色體數目變化”實驗的敘述,正確的是( )A、低溫誘導抑制分裂時紡錘體的形成。B、該實驗的目的是了解紡錘體的結構。C、制作裝片的步驟為:解離、染色、漂洗、制片。D、選取根部成熟區進行實驗觀察。2、韭菜的體細胞中含有32條染色體,這些染色體從形態和大小方面分為8種,由此可知韭菜是( )A、四倍體 B、二倍體 C、六倍體 D、八倍體3、某基因的一個片段在解旋時,一條鏈上的一個堿基發生了差錯,由C變成了G,該基因復制了3次后,發生突變的基因占全部基因的( )A、12.5% B、25% C、50% D、100%4、DNA連接酶的作用是( )A、子鏈與母鏈間形成氫鍵 B、黏性末端之間形成氫鍵C、兩DNA末端間的縫隙連接 D、以上三項都對5、下列不屬于基因工程的是( )[來源:21世紀教育網]A、培養出抗煙草花葉病的番茄植株。 B、在大腸桿菌中獲取人的干擾素。C、利用“工程菌”生產乙肝疫苗。 D、培養出兼有鯉魚與鯽魚特點的鯉鯽移核魚。6、下列有關人體水分調節的敘述中,正確的是( )A、大量飲水,則抗利尿激素的分泌增加。B、渴覺中樞興奮時,抗利尿激素分泌減少。C、細胞外液中電解質濃度降低,則尿量減少。D、搞利尿激素的分泌減少,則尿量增加。7 已知下列兩個熱化學方程式21世紀教育網2H2(g) + O2(g) == 2H2O(l) △H =-571.6kJ·mol-1C3H8(g) +5O2(g) == 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) △H =-2 220.0kJ·mol-1實驗測得氫氣和丙烷的混和氣體共5 mol完全燃燒時放熱3847kJ,則混和氣體中氫氣與丙烷的體積比是 ( )A. 1:3 B. 3:1 C. 1:4 D. 1:1 8. 已知熱化學方程式:① C2H2(g) +O2(g) == 2CO2(g)+H2O(l) ΔH1=-1301.0 kJ?mol-1② C(s)+ O2(g) == CO2(g) △H2=-393.5 kJ?mol-1③ H2(g)+ O2(g) == H2O(1) △H3 = -285.8 kJ·mol-1則反應④ 2C(s)+ H2(g) == C2H2(g)的△H為( )A. +228.2 kJ·mol-1 B. -228.2 kJ·mol-1 C. +1301.0 kJ·mol-1 D. +621.7 kJ·mol-19 已知反應mX(g)+nY(g) qZ(g)的△H<0,m+n>q,在恒容密閉容器中反應達到平衡時,下列說法正確的是( )[來源:21世紀教育網]A.通入稀有氣體使壓強增大,平衡將正向移動B.X的正反應速率是Y的逆反應速率的m/n倍C.降低溫度,混合氣體的平均相對分子質量變小D.若平衡時X、Y的轉化率相等,說明反應開始時X、Y的物質的量之比為n:m10已知:4NH3(g)+5O2(g) == 4NO(g)+6H2O(g) △H=-1 025kJ/mol,該反應是一個可逆反應。若反應物起始物質的量相同,下列關于該反應的示意圖不正確的是( )21世紀教育網11. 在相同溫度和壓強下,對反應CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)進行甲、乙、丙、丁四組實驗,實驗起始時放入容器內各組分的物質的量見下表:上述四種情況達到平衡后,n (CO)的大小順序是( )物質物質的量實驗CO2H2COH2O甲a mola mol0 mol0 mol乙2a mola mol0 mol0 mol丙0 mol0 mola mola mol丁a mol0 mola mola molA.乙=丁>丙=甲 21世紀教育網 B.乙>丁>甲>丙C.丁>乙>丙=甲 D.丁>丙>乙>甲21世紀教育網12、將2.0molSO2氣體和2.0molSO3氣體混合于固定體積的密閉容器中,在一定條件下發生反應:2SO2+O2===2S03,達到平衡時SO3為n mol.在相同溫度下 ,分別按下列配比在相同密閉容器中放入起始物質,平衡時SO3等于n mol的是( )A 1.6molSO2+0.3molO2+0.4molSO3 B 4.0molSO2+1.0molO2C 2.0molSO2+1.0O2+2.0SO3 D 3.0molSO2+1.0molO2+1.0SO313.電源電動勢的大小反映的是( ) A.電源把電勢能轉化成其他形式的能的本領的大小 B.電源把其他形式的能轉化為電勢能的本領的大小 C.電源單位時間內傳送電荷量的多少 D.電流做功的快慢14.標有“220V、60W”的白熾燈泡,加上電壓U由零逐漸增大到220V,在此過程中,電壓U和電流I的關系可用圖象表示。如圖所示,題中給出的四個圖象中符合實際的是( ) A B C D15.如圖所示電路中,C2=2C1,R2=2R1,下列說法正確的是( ) A.開關處于斷開狀態,電容C2的電量大于電容C1的電量 B.開關處于斷開狀態,電容C1的電量大于電容C2的電量 C.開關處于接通狀態,電容C2的電量大于電容C1的電量D.開關處于接通狀態,電容C1的電量大于電容C2的電量 16.三個電阻的阻值之比為,并聯后接入電路,則通過三個支路電 流的比值為 ( ) A. B. C. D.二、雙選題17.三個阻值都為R的電阻,它們任意連接,組合,得到的電阻值可能是( )[21世紀教育網] A.0.5R B.4R C.1.5R D.0.25R 18.如右圖所示兩種電路中,電源相同,各電阻器阻值相等,各電流表的內阻相等且不可忽略不 計。電流表A1、A2、A3和A4讀出的電流值分別為I1、I2、I3、I4,下列關系式中正確的是( ) A.I1=I3 B.I1<I4 C.I2=2I1 D.I2<I3+I4 19.兩個等量異種電荷的連線的垂直平分線上有A、B、C三點,如圖所示,下列說法正確的是( )21世紀教育網 A.a點電勢比b點高 B.a、b兩點的場強方向相同,b點場強比a點大 C.a、b、c三點和無窮遠處等電勢 D.一個電子在a點無初速釋放,則它將在c點兩側往復振動 20.如圖所示,平行線代表電場線,但未標明方向,一個帶正電、電量為10-6 C的微粒在電場中僅受電場力作用,當它從A點運動到B點時動能減少了10-5 J,已知A點的電勢為-10 V,則以下判斷正確的是( )A.微粒的運動軌跡如圖中的虛線1所示; B.微粒的運動軌跡如圖中的虛線2所示;C.B點電勢為零; D.B點電勢為-20 V 21.如圖所示,是將滑動變阻器作分壓器用的電路,A,B為分壓器的輸出端,若把變阻器的滑動片放在變阻器中央,下列判斷正確的是 ( ) A.空載時輸出電壓為 B.當接上負載R時,輸出電壓22.(雙選) 在一密閉容積的容器中進行反應:2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)。已知反應過程中某一時刻SO2、O2、SO3的濃度分別為0.2 mol?L-1、0.1 mol?L-1、0.2 mol?L-1。當反應達平衡時,可能存在的數據是( )A. SO2為0.4 mol?L-1,O2為0.2 mol?L-1 B. SO2為0.25 mol?L-1C. SO2、SO3均為0.15 mol?L-1 D. SO3為0.3 mol?L-123:(雙選) 在恒溫恒容的條件下,有反應2A(g)+2B(g)====C(g)+3D(g),現在從兩條途徑分別建立平衡.途徑1:A,B的起始濃度為2mol/L;途徑‖:C,D的起始濃度分別為2mol/L和6mol/L;則以下敘述正確的是( )A 兩途徑最終達到平衡時,體系內混合氣體的百分組成相同B 兩途徑最終達到平衡時,體系內混合氣體的百分組成不同C 達到平衡時,途徑I的反應速率V(A)等于途徑II的反應速率V(A)D 達到平衡時,途徑I所得混合氣體的密度為途徑II所得混合氣體密度的1/224、在下列哪些情況下,抗利尿激素分泌會相對減少?( )A、踢足球時 B、滲透壓低時C、天氣轉熱時 D、夏天一口氣吃完一個大西瓜后25、下列關于抗體的產生、特性和作用等的敘述中正確的是( )A、抗毒素是抗原 B、抗體都能被蛋白酶水解C、淋巴細胞都能產生抗體 D、抗體在某些特殊情況下反應三、非選擇題26、(14分)右圖是人體某局部組織的模式圖,箭頭表示物質交換方向,A、B、C表示結構,a,b,c,d表示液體。請據圖分析回答:(1)圖中A、B、C分別表示的結構是:A ;B ;C 。(2)a~d中不屬于內環境的是 。請用箭頭表示a~d四者之間的物質交換概況: 。(3)圖中a~d,O2 濃度最高、最低的分別是 ,CO2 濃度最高、最低的分別是 。27、(24分)右圖表示高等動物體內細胞與外界進行物質交換。請回答:(1)圖中虛線內的體液組成 ,其中A為 ,B為 ,C 。(2)填寫圖中D、E系統的名稱:D ,E 。21世紀教育網(3)從圖中可以看出,消化道內的葡萄糖、氨基酸等物質進入組織細胞要經過 , 系統。(4)體內細胞產生的代謝廢物如尿素等,排出體外要經過 、 系統。而CO2的排出則要經過 、 系統。28、(6分)請根據下圖回答下面有關神經沖動傳導的問題。(1)神經纖維處于靜息狀態時,若規定細胞膜外表面為正電位,則細胞膜內表面的電位是 (正、負或0)電位。(2)當神經纖維受到刺激產生興奮時,細胞膜內外電位的變化是 。(3)下圖表示三個相連接的神經元。現處于箭頭處施加以強刺激,則能測到的動作電位的位置是 。A、a和b處 B、a、b和c處 C、b、c、d和e處 D、a、b、c、d和e處29、(20分)下圖為水鹽平衡調節機理示意圖,請根據圖回答下面的問題。(1)垂體分泌的A物質是 激素。(2)B結構的名稱是 。(3)細胞外液滲透壓下降后,刺激感受器,通過下丘腦的調節,減少 的分泌。(4)某人一天要喝10多千克的水,不喝不行,經醫生檢查發現他的垂體功能有問題。你認為此人多飲多尿的原因是什么?(6分)(5)如果腎功能出了問題,不能從腎臟排出多余的Na+ ,會出現全身浮腫癥狀,此時的全身浮腫對人體有一定的好處,有利于維持 的平衡。(6)從圖示中可看出,水鹽平衡調節過程受 和 調節,二者 發揮作用,內環境的穩態才得以維持。30.(19分)(1)化學平衡常數K表示可逆反應的進行程度,K值越大,表示__________, K值大小與溫度的關系是:溫度升高,K值_________________。(填一定增大、一定減小、或可能增大也可能減小)。(2)在一體積為10L的容器中,通入一定量的CO和H2O,在850℃時發生如下反應:時間(min)COH2OCO2H200.2000.3000020.1380.2380.0620.0623c1c2c3c34c1c2c321世紀教育網c3521世紀教育網0.1160.2160.08421世紀教育網60.0960.2660.104CO(g) +H2O(g) CO2(g) +H2 (g) △H<0,CO和H2O濃度變化如下圖,則0~4min的平均反應速率v(CO)=_________mol·L-1·min-1。t℃時物質濃度(mol·L-1)的變化:(3)t℃(高于850℃)時,在相同容器中發生上述反應,容器內各物質的濃度變化如上表。①表中3min~4min之間反應處于_________狀態; c 1數值_________0.08 mol·L-1 (填大于、小于或等于)②反應在4min~5min間,平衡向逆方向移動,可能的原因是_________ (單選),表中5min~6min之間數值發生變化,可能的原因是_________ (單選) a.增加水蒸氣 b.降低溫度 c.使用催化劑 d.增加氫氣濃度31、(17分)在一定條件下,二氧化硫和氧氣發生反應:2SO2(g)+ O2 (g) 2SO3(g) △H <0;(1)該反應的平衡常數表達式K= (2)升高溫度,該反應K值 ,二氧化硫轉化率 ,化學反應速率 (以上均填增大、減小或不變)(3)600℃時,在一密閉容器中,將二氧化硫和氧氣混合,反應 過程中SO2、O2、SO3物質的量變化如圖,反應處于平衡狀態的時間是 (4)據圖判斷,反應進行至20min時,曲線開始發生變化的原因是(用文字表達) (5)10min到15min的曲線變化的原因可能是(填寫編號) A.加了催化劑 B.縮小容器體積 C.降低溫度 D.增加SO3的物質的量32.(18分)某溫度下,想某密閉容器中加入1mol N2和3mol H2使之反應合成NH3 ,平衡時測得NH3的體積分數為M.若溫度不變,只改變起始加入量,使之反應平衡后NH3的體積分數仍為M,假設N2 ,H2 ,NH3的加入量(單位為mol)用 X Y Z 表示,應滿足:溫度,體積恒定時:(若X=0,Y= 0 則Z=____________(若X=0.75 Y=2.25 則Z=__________(X,Y,Z應滿足的一般條件是____________________2:溫度和壓強恒定時:(若X=0,Y= 0 則Z=____________(若X=0.75 Y=2.25 則Z=__________(X,Y,Z應滿足的一般條件是____________________33.(12分)丙烷燃燒可以通過以下兩種途徑:途徑I:C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) == 3CO2(g) +4H2O(l) ΔH=-a kJ·mol-1途徑II:C3H8(g) ==C3H6(g)+ H2(g) ΔH=+b kJ·mol-12C3H6(g)+ 9O2 (g) == 6CO2(g) +6H2O(l) ΔH=-c kJ·mol-12H2(g)+O2 (g) == 2H2O(l) ΔH=-d kJ·mol-1 (abcd均為正值)請回答下列問題:(1)判斷等量的丙烷通過兩種途徑放出的熱量,途徑I放出的熱量 ______(填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)途徑II放出的熱量。(2)由于C3H8(g) ==C3H6(g)+ H2(g) 的反應中,反應物具有的總能量______(填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”)生成物具有的總能量,那么在化學反應時。反應物就需要______(填“放出”、或“吸收”)能量才能轉化為生成物,因此其反應條件是______________。(3)b 與a、c、d的數學關系式是______________。34.實驗題(1)在測繪小燈泡的伏安特性曲線的實驗中,若小燈泡的規格為“6V,0.5A”,要測量這燈泡的伏安特性曲線,有如下器材可供選用:(A)鉛蓄電池6V及開關和導線,(B)電壓表(0—3V,內阻為1KΩ),(C)電壓表(0—15V,內阻為5KΩ), (D)電流表(0—0.6A,內阻為0.125Ω),(E)電流表(0—3A,內阻為0.0125Ω),(F)滑動變阻器(0--20Ω,2A),(G)滑動變阻器(0--200Ω,0.5A)。請寫出你所選定的儀器:(寫代號)____________ 。根據電路圖,將下圖所示的儀器連成實際測量的電路。 [來源:21世紀教育網](2).如圖是雙量程電壓表的原理圖,它有兩個量程,使用a 、b兩端時量程應為V ,使用a 、c兩端時量程為0~15V ,已知表頭內阻為15Ω,滿偏電流為1mA,則 R1= ____________,R2= ____________。35.如圖所示的電路中,U=12V,滑動變阻器AB的總電阻為42Ω,現要使標著“6V 1.8W”的燈泡L正常發光,那么A、P間的電阻應為多少?此時滑動變阻器上消耗的功率多大?36.一臺風扇內阻為,接上的電壓后,正常運轉,這時電風扇消耗的功率是,求:通過電動機的電流是多少?轉化為機械能和內能的功率各是多少?電動機的效率多大?如果接上電源后,扇葉被卡住,不能轉動,這時通過電動機的電流多大?電動機消耗的電功率和發熱功率又是多少?21世紀教育網2012年下期高二級期中考試英 語第二部分:語言知識及應用(共兩節,滿分45分)第一節:完形填空(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分) 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從21—35各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Many animals use some kinds of “language”. They use signals(信號) and the signals have meanings. For example, __21 a bee has found some food, it goes 22 its home. 23 is difficult for a bee to tell _24 bees where the food is speaking to them, but it can do a little dancing. This tells the bees where the food is and 25 it is.Some animals show 26 they feel by making sounds. It is not difficult to tell if a dog is angry because it barks. Birds make several different sounds and 27 has its meaning. Sometimes we humans make sounds in the same way. We make sounds like “Oh” to 28 how we feel about __29__ or we 30 something on our feet.We humans have languages. We have words. These words have meaning of things, action, feeling or ideas. We are able to __31__ each other information, to tell other people 32 we think or we feel. By writing down words, we can remember what has happened or 33 messages to people far away.Languages, like people, live and die. If a language is not used by people, it is called a dead language. This language cannot live and grow because 34 speaks it.A living language, of course, is often spoken by people today. It grows and changes with time. New words are created, and some old words have 35 meanings.1. A. because B. since C. when D. as2. A. out of B. back from C. away from D. back to3. A. It B. This C. That D. He4. A. each other B. another C. the other D. others5. A. how long B. how far away C. how many D. how old6. A. why B. which C. how D. what7. A. each B. every C. all D. some8. A. show B. say C. talk D. speak9. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything10. A. put B. drop C. fall D. set11. A. give B. put C. show D. take12. A. that B. which C. what D. why13. A. send B. bring C. push D. get21世紀教育網14. A. someone B. no one C. anyone D. everyone15. A. new B. right C. real D. good第二節:語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分) 閱讀下面的短文,根據上下文填人適當的詞語,或使用括號中的詞語的適當形式填空,并將答案填寫在答題卷標號為36—45相應的位置。 "Don't be always particular 16 your present work and income. ", my mother said to me softly, "as a matter of 17 , you have done well and made great achievement in the 18 (entertain) field. "My face turned red on hearing 19 my mother said. She is right. Many other actors are worse off than me at present, 20 they are likely to be content with their life and be happy most of 21 time. I feel upset with my situation just because I seldom communicate with others and it seems as if I am cut off the outside world. I should have known when to hold fast and when to let go, 22 can help me avoid 23 (feel) great pressure and upset. I must know how to care for others and try not to 24 (understand) them. In this way, I will get close to 25 (lead) a happy life. 21世紀教育網第三部分:閱讀(共兩節,滿分50分)第一節:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分) 閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 A I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent. I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓約) mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today. So here's what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion(提升), the bigger paycheck, the larger house. Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And remember that love is not leisure(空閑), it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted. It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all. I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned. By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived.26. The best title of this passage probably is A. Love your friends B. Live a real life[來源:21世紀教育網] C. Don't waste time D. Be a good mother and wife 27. How did the author form her view of life? A. By working and social experience. B. Learning from her friends. C. Through an unfortunate experience. D. Because of her children and husband. 28. The underlined sentence "It is so easy to exist instead of to live" in the fifth paragraph probably has the same meaning as A. it is so easy to keep alive but not to live a real life B. it is very hard to live a real life C. it is so easy to make a living D. it is more difficult to exist than to live a happy life 29. What's the author's attitude toward work? A. Do it well to serve others. B. To earn enough money to make life better. C. Try your best to get higher position and pay. D. Don't let it affect your real life. 30. It can be inferred from the passage that A. the author is a success in personal life B. the author didn't try her best to work well C. the author spent all her time caring for her children D. the author likes traveling very much 21世紀教育網 B On June 5, 1981 the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, U.S. announced the presence of a rare, infectious disease in five American homosexuals(同性戀). Soon doctors were finding similar cases all over the country and the world. The AIDS epidemic(流行病)had officially begun. By 1983 it was clear that AIDS had spread around the world. More than twenty years later, AIDS has left twenty-six million dead and another forty million infected. AIDS has become the worst medical disaster ever experienced by mankind. Hundreds of young people between the ages of 20 and 45 died each week during the early years of the U.S. AIDS. More than 600,000 cases of AIDS have been reported since 1981 in the United States, and it is estimated that there may be as many as 900,000 Americans infected with HIV. Though the rate of HIV infections continues to increase in the United States, the number of AIDS cases has fallen sharply since 1996, when antiretroviral drugs came onto the market. Unfortunately, the AIDS epidemic continues today in Africa and much of Asia, where antiretroviral treatment is not available and health care is far from enough. AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and the No. 1 cause of death due to infectious disease. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, was first separated in 1983 by a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. That discovery made it possible to develop a test for AIDS and trace back to victims who may have died before doctors were aware of the disease. However, scientists still don't know exactly how and where AIDS started. Finding the source of AIDS could be important in developing a vaccine(疫苗) and be important in mapping the future course of the epidemic.31. It can be inferred from the passage that A. antiretroviral drugs will be obtained easily all over the world B. the best way to stop AIDS is to develop a vaccine B. scientists will soon find a way to cure AIDS21世紀教育網 D. there will be fewer AIDS cases in the world in the future32. Which areas are the most worrying places where AIDS spreads quickly? A. Africa. B. Asia. C. The United States. D. France.33. The number of AIDS cases has greatly decreased in the United States due to the fact A. a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris succeeded in separating HIV B. some effective medicine has been invented B. scientists understand AIDS better and better. D. The rate of HIV infections continue to rise in the United States34. What's the importance of the discovery of the source of AIDS? A. It can be used to develop a test for AIDS. B. It can stop HIV forming AIDS. B. It can reduce the rate of death caused by AIDS. D. It can help develop a drug to prevent AIDS.35. When did the name of AIDS come into being? A. In 1983. B. In 1981. C. In 1996. D. In 1994. C "S. H.E. is going to sing at the CCTV annual Spring Festival Evening Party, is that true?" cried out Peng Weiye, a Senior 2 girl in Shanghai and die-hard S. H.E. fan. After checking it on the Internet, Peng quickly phoned friends to spread the news. For fans like her, S. H. E. ’s performance is perhaps the only part of the old fashioned evening to get excited about. The Taiwanese band is made up of Selina, Hebe and Ella. Their name comes from the first letter of each of the singers' English names. Last week S. H. E. announced they would perform in Las Vegas, US, over Christmas and then in Guangzhou on January 15. At their Shanghai show on October 30, hundreds of parents waited outside the Hongkou Stadium. Inside, thousands of teenagers sang, cried and shouted as the band performed. "I love their music, healthy image and everything related to them. Thank God that, although my parents don't understand why I love them so much, they still bought me a ticket for that show," said Peng about the Shanghai performance.21世紀教育網 It is not just on the mainland that the three girls have made audiences much excited. In the past year the band has passed through Taiwan, Hong Kong and even Singapore and Malaysia. When the three high school girls entered a singing contest in Taiwan in 2000, none of them ever dreamed of being a superstar. "We had never met before, and we didn't talk at all at the beginning," recalled Ella. 21世紀教育網 When asked about the secret of their success, she said, "Our average looks and not-so-expensive clothes keep us close to our fans. We are happy to be the girls next door, your singing sisters." "It's really a magical journey, from day-dreaming high school girls to singers performing on the same stage as our idols(偶像). Nothing but magical," she said.36. Why was Peng Weiye, a Senior 2 girl, so excited? A. S.H.E. band will get the old fashioned evening exciting. B. S. H.E. will perform in Las Vegas over Christmas. C. Her parents bought her a ticket for S. H. E. Is Shanghai show. D. S. H.E. will perform on the CCTV Spring Festival Evening Party.37. How did the Taiwanese band get the name? A. Their fans gave the name to them. B. Their idols had a deep influence on them. C. A singing contest gave their idea of the band name. D. The first letters of Selina, Hebe and Ella form the band name.38. What do you know about Peng Weiye? A. she stayed outside the Hongkou Stadium to listen to S. H. E. 's performance. B. She will watch the performance in Guangzhou on January 15. C. She pays close attention to everything about S. H. E. D. She was grateful that her parents understood and supported her.39. Which is true about S. H. E. ? A. The secret to their success is their pretty faces and lovely clothes. B. They were close friends when they entered a singing contest. C. They caused a storm of excitement in Southeast Asia. D. They have well prepared to perform with their idols.40. Which do you think is NOT the reason for S. H. E’s popularity among their fans? A. Their music and their healthy image. B. They can make audience much excited. C. Their success meets their fans’ day dream of becoming others’ idols. D. Their average looks and not-so-expensive clothes keep them close to their fans.21世紀教育網 DStudents who want to attend an American college or university must explain how they will pay for their education. They have to show that they will be able to pay for each year of study. Students have to consider not only the tuition, the cost of classes, but also meals and a place to live in, which is known as room-and-board. They also need money for books and supplies. And they need money to spend on social activities and other things. Educational advisers say foreign students should have enough money in a local bank to pay for at least two months of expenditure. So how much will a year at an American school cost? Generally speaking, the answer is: a lot. A leading state university in the Pacific Northwest will serve as an example. The University of Washington says foreign students are paying more than $36,000 this year. This major research university currently has 2,600 foreign students from more than one hundred countries. There are many schools that cost less, but also others that cost more. Its web site says the University of Washington does not offer financial assistance to international students. This is generally true of American schools, especially at the undergraduate level.The international application for the university includes a Statement of Financial Responsibility that must be signed. Students must also provide a bank letter or statement from within the past six months. And they have to name someone who will help with payments. These people must send proof from a bank to show that they have the money. Your government or employer may be able to help you pay all or some of the college costs. A good idea is to ask at least eighteen months before you want to start classes in the United States. Our Foreign Student Services, including links to web sites discussed in our reports, can be found at www.unsv.com. To learn more about higher education in America, the State Department has a special web site: educationusa.state.gov.41. Students who are going to study in America must __________. A. buy their own textbooks themselves B. prove that they can pay for their studyC. find a living place with a kitchen D. find someone to pay for their college fees42. Who is this speech probably given to? A. Students who are going to graduate from colleges. B. Students who are going to college in the US. C. Students who are going to apply for room-and-board.D. Students who can’t pay for their college study by themselves.43. The University of Washington __________________.[來源:21世紀教育網] A. has the highest fees of any college[來源:21世紀教育網] B. has the most foreign students of any college in the US C. is a key university in the Northwest of the US D. charges less than other colleges in the Northwest of the US 44. What is NOT a must if you, a foreign student, apply for the university in the US? A. Apply eighteen months before you want to start. B. A signed Statement of Financial Responsibility. C. People who will help you pay for the study should provide a bank proof.D. A bank letter from within the past six months.[來源:21世紀教育網]45. What is the speaker’s purpose in this speech? A. To tell foreign students that money is the most important thing in the US. B. To advise foreign students to apply as soon as possible so as to have more chances. C. To state some requirements that foreign students should pay attention to when applying for colleges.D. To tell people about the present situation of foreign students in the US.第二節:信息匹配(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)下面是今年部分旅游線路介紹及想出游人的興趣特點介紹,請閱讀相關信息并按要求匹配信息。請將答案的字母編號寫在答題卷標號為61—65的括號上。首先,請閱讀旅游線路介紹: Here is a selection of the tours organized for the coming year: --8 days mountaineering trip--climb Yunnan's third highest peak, the Haba snow mountain. This is ideal for the truly adventurous. You need to be fit and healthy. --- 8 days cycling tour from Qiaotou Town--visit the spectacular Tiger Leaping Gorge. It is a leisurely tour suitable for anyone who is reasonably fit and healthy. No previous cycling experience is necessary and all our routes are on flat land! -- 8 days river rafting--white water adventure on the Yangtze from the old town of Lijiang. This adults-only tour is exclusively for good swimmers and physically fit. -- 10 days rainforest trek(乘牛車旅行)--spend 5 days in the forest and meet the local people. This is a walking tour and no previous experience is needed, just a curious mind and an interest in traditional cultures. -- 10 days horse trekking tour--visit authentic Tibetan villages of Shangri-la. The ultimate horse-riding experience in a spectacular mountain environment. This trip is for confirmed riders only. Don't expect three-star hotels on this trip.請閱讀以下有出游意向的人的要求,然后匹配旅游線路所適合的出游者。a. An 18-year-old student who is interested in traditional lifestyles but only has a week to spare.b. A family of four, including parents, a sixteen-year-old son and a thirteen-year-old daughter, who are looking for a fun holiday. All four are good riders and strong swimmers.c. A retired couple who are reasonably fit and who want to find out more about ethnic minorities'(少數民族) cultures.d. A group of four young adults who are into all extreme sports and are looking for something with plenty of excitement. They are more interested in the scenery than in the life of tile locals.e. A family of five including a ten-year-old girl. They have many different interests and they are looking for a relaxing holiday.f. A honeymoon couple who want the holiday of a lifetime. They are both sporty types and love water sports.旅游線路 出游者46. 8 days mountaineering trip A. An 18-year-old student47. 8 days cycling tour B. A family of four48. 8 days river rafting C. A retired couple49. 10 days rainforest trek D. A group of four young adults50. 10 days horse trekking tour E. A family of five F. A honeymoon couple第四部分:寫作(共兩節,滿分40分) 21世紀教育網第一節:基礎寫作(共1小題,滿分15分)請根據以下資料,使用5個規范句子描述全部所給的信息內容。[情景說明]我校位于一座山腳下、小河旁。最近附近建了一間化工廠。 開工前 開工后校園內樹木常青,鮮花爭艷,校園安靜,美似花園工廠每天排出大量污水、廢氣,嚴重干擾了正常教學秩序。師生苦不堪言[寫作要求]1.必須使用5個句子介紹全部所給的內容。2.短文標題已給出。 Pollution Harms Us第二節 讀寫任務閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。The Nigerian postal service has witnessed a reduction in the number of letters sent, especially by individuals, due to the alternatives of email and text. “People prefer these over letters, because of the speed, although letters serve many purposes, other than conveying of messages", said Barry Varley Tipton, principal of Cherry Field College.But some people think that the vanishing(逐漸消失的) art of letter writing has grave (嚴重的) consequences for students, teachers, the economy, society and the beauty of reading from loved ones, because letters in those days usually had a variety of styles .A lover of letters writing, Hajiya Aisha refers to the occasions she has seen people enraged, because their connections at a cyber cafe took 56 seconds rather than the usual 36 hours. She says, “Although letters are slow, waiting for something good is not wholly a bad thing. Nothing beats a hand written letter.” "When I was a graduate studying overseas twenty five years ago, my mother wrote to me daily. It was wonderful to receive those letters. They often said nothing more than everyone was thinking of me. I continue this tradition with several friends who are scattered worldwide. Hand written letters show the love that we have for family and friends. Email cannot replace the smile of actually getting the letter. The warm, sincere thank- you note, or the sweetly scented love letter we usually received and sent in those days is irreplaceable" she said.Will electronic age stamps replace letters? Hopefully not, since it takes with it a culture rich in colour, history, and communication. Letters, like bits of ourselves, deserve to be stored away for future readers, giving them insight into details as small as the price and pattern of stamps, and as great as personal insights exchanged long ago.【寫作內容】 1. 以約30詞概括以上短文的主要內容: 2. 然后以約120個詞以“Will written letters die out ?”為主題寫一篇短文,并包括如下要點: (1)有些人認為用手機收發短信和用因特網收發郵件更加方便快捷,寫信很費時間 (2)有些人喜歡和朋友或家人寫信 (3)你的觀點【寫作要求】 1. 你可以使用實例或其他論述方法支持你的論點,也可以參照閱讀材料的內容,但不得直接引用閱讀材料中的句子2. 作文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱【評分標準】 概括準確、語言規范、內容合適,篇章連貫。21世紀教育網21世紀教育網英語參考答案1-5 CDACB 6-10 CAABB 11-15 ACABA16. about 17. fact 18. entertainment 19. what 20. but 21. the 22. which23. feeling 24. misunderstand 25. leading26--30 BCADA 31--35 BABDB 36--40 DDCCC 41-45 BBCAC 45--50 DEFCBBasic writing (possible version) Our school lies at the foot of a mountain with a river passing by. There used to be many green trees and all kinds of flowers in our school all the year round. It looked like a beautiful garden and was a nice place for us to study in, but everything has changed since a chemical works was built near our school a year ago. Every day it produces a lot of waste water and harmful gases. The terrible pollution has done great harm to our health and the great noise from the factory has greatly affected our teaching and studying activities.Task writing (possible version)Thanks to email and text, people nowadays make their communication quick and convenient, and fewer and fewer letters are written. However, it is still believed that written letters are irreplaceable. It’s true that many people find it easy to send emails and text messages and often avoid writing letters completely. However, I don’t agree that written letters will gradually disappear.First of all, it seems to me that letters written by people include a piece of soul and letters are a reflection of human emotions. For instance, using the Internet my sister still likes to receive ordinary letters by post, because they help her to feel a close bond with people living far away. Secondly, for many years the written word was one of the most powerful tools in the world. Moreover, for many people, to write a letter is an element of their traditions. In many cases the Internet is not considered to be substitute for letters. In conclusion, letters will never become extinct because of their importance to many generations of people. Possible version II 21世紀教育網Thanks to email and text, people nowadays make their communication quick and convenient, and fewer and fewer letters are written. However, it is still believed that written letters are irreplaceable.There is no doubt that with the help of the Internet and cell phones, people find it easy and convenient to communicate with others. Compared with them, writing letters seems to be a waste of time.On the other hand, however, some people do enjoy receiving letters from friends and families, and meanwhile, they prefer to write letters to keep in touch with them rather than send them emails or text them messages.As far as I am concerned, letters written by people will never disappear. Firstly, it seems to me that they include a piece of soul and letters are a reflection of human emotions. Secondly, for many years the written word was one of the most powerful tools in the world. Moreover, for many people, to write a letter is an element of their traditions. In many cases the Internet is not considered to replace letters.In conclusion, letters will never become extinct because of their importance to many generations of people. 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中歷史試題.doc 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中地理試題.doc 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中政治試題缺答案.doc 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中數學文試題.doc 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中數學理試題.doc 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中理綜試題缺答案.doc 廣東省梅州市某重點中學2012-2013學年高二上學期期中英語試題.doc 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫